CN117604345A - Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy with thermal cracking resistance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy with thermal cracking resistance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117604345A CN117604345A CN202410014901.XA CN202410014901A CN117604345A CN 117604345 A CN117604345 A CN 117604345A CN 202410014901 A CN202410014901 A CN 202410014901A CN 117604345 A CN117604345 A CN 117604345A
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910017566 Cu-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910017871 Cu—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009716 squeeze casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metals, and discloses an Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy with heat cracking resistance and a preparation method thereof. The Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy with the hot cracking resistance comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.0 to 6.0 percent of Cu, 0.5 to 0.6 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.1 percent of Er, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Zr and the balance of Al. According to the invention, by adjusting the addition amount of trace elements and the melt processing temperature, the effective control of microstructure and hot cracking resistance of the aluminum alloy can be realized, and the high-quality aluminum alloy casting with refined solidification structure and eliminated casting hot cracks can be obtained. The method can also be used in the melt treatment process before extrusion casting or gravity casting, and is suitable for popularization and application in the field of casting aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metals, in particular to an Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy with heat cracking resistance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The Al-Cu-Mn cast aluminum alloy has the advantages of good mechanical property, higher strength, good ductility and plasticity, good high-temperature property, easy machinability and the like, and has wide potential application prospect in the fields of automobiles, aviation, aerospace and the like. The aluminum alloy casting has wide application in the field of modern automobile manufacturing, and is along with the rapid development of the aluminum alloy integrated die casting technology. On one hand, more Cu element is added into the cast aluminum alloy, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved, but the thermal cracking resistance of the aluminum alloy is reduced; on the other hand, the die castings are increasingly large in size, complicated in structure and unavoidable to generate significant stress in the die casting solidification process. Thus presenting a significant challenge to the hot cracking resistance of cast aluminum alloy materials.
Since research on microalloying of aluminum alloy in the early stage is mostly explored in relation to composition-structure-mechanical properties, and influence on casting properties is reported recently, how to improve the hot cracking resistance of cast aluminum alloy is a problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy with hot cracking resistance and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problem of poor hot cracking resistance of the existing casting aluminum alloy.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy with heat cracking resistance, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
cu 5-6%, mn 0.5-0.6%, ti 0.1-0.2%, er 0.01-0.1%, zr 0.1-0.2% and the balance Al.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy with the hot cracking resistance, which comprises the following steps:
al, al-Cu intermediate alloy, al-Mn intermediate alloy, al-Er intermediate alloy, al-Ti intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy are mixed and smelted, and then cooled, insulated and stood to obtain alloy melt, and then cast to obtain Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy.
Preferably, in the above method for preparing an Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy having hot cracking resistance, the melting temperature is 760 to 800 ℃.
Preferably, in the above method for producing an Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy having heat-cracking resistance, the temperature of the alloy melt is 700 to 750 ℃.
Preferably, in the above method for producing an Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy having heat crack resistance, the casting is one of pressure casting, squeeze casting and gravity casting.
Preferably, in the above method for preparing an Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy with hot cracking resistance, after the smelting is finished, the method further includes: stirring and degassing.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy with the thermal cracking resistance, the heat preservation and standing time is 8-15 min.
According to the invention, the chemical components of the aluminum alloy are adjusted to separate out second phase particles at a high temperature, and the particles are similar to the lattice parameters of the aluminum alloy, so that heterogeneous nucleation can be realized through a coherent relation, and the aluminum alloy melt containing a large number of uniformly distributed heterogeneous nucleation particles can obtain the effect of obviously refining solidification structures in the casting process, thereby obviously improving the heat cracking resistance of the aluminum alloy. Tool withIn the process of smelting and casting aluminum alloy, er and Zr are added, and through stirring, degassing, cooling, standing and other operations, alloy melt is obtained, and second phase particles (such as Al) are separated out at high temperature 3 Zr，Al 3 (Er, zr, etc.) to provide conditions for heterogeneous nucleation. When an aluminum alloy melt containing a large number of uniformly distributed heterogeneous nuclear particles is poured into a mold and solidified, significant solidification structure refinement can be obtained, thereby significantly improving the heat crack resistance of the aluminum alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the composite addition of Er and Zr elements is adopted, so that the toughness of the alloy in a pasty area is improved, the difficulty of hot crack germination of the alloy in a semi-solid state period is further improved, and the hot crack resistance of the alloy is improved, thereby realizing the hot crack resistance of the Al-Cu-Mn cast aluminum alloy containing Er and Zr.
(2) According to the invention, by adjusting the addition amount of trace elements and the treatment temperature of the alloy melt, the effective control of the microstructure and the hot cracking resistance of the aluminum alloy can be realized, the hot cracking resistance and the mechanical property are improved, and the high-quality aluminum alloy casting with refined solidification structure and eliminated casting hot cracks is obtained. The method can also be used in the melt treatment process before extrusion casting or gravity casting, and is suitable for popularization and application in the field of casting aluminum alloy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a time-stress-temperature graph of an Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a time-stress-temperature graph of the Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy of comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a sample of the Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy of example 1 after the heat crack resistance test;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a sample of the Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy of comparative example 1 after heat crack resistance test.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy with heat cracking resistance, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
cu 5-6%, mn 0.5-0.6%, ti 0.1-0.2%, er 0.01-0.1%, zr 0.1-0.2% and the balance Al.
In the present invention, the mass percentage of Cu is preferably 5 to 6%, more preferably 5.2 to 5.8%, and still more preferably 5.5 to 5.6%.
In the present invention, the mass percentage of Mn is preferably 0.5 to 0.6%, more preferably 0.52 to 0.57%, and still more preferably 0.53 to 0.56%.
In the present invention, the mass percentage of Ti is preferably 0.1 to 0.2%, more preferably 0.12 to 0.16%, and still more preferably 0.14 to 0.15%.
In the present invention, the mass percentage of Er is preferably 0.01 to 0.1%, more preferably 0.02 to 0.08%, and still more preferably 0.05 to 0.07%.
In the present invention, the mass percentage of Zr is preferably 0.1 to 0.2%, more preferably 0.12 to 0.17%, and still more preferably 0.14 to 0.15%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy with the hot cracking resistance, which comprises the following steps:
al, al-Cu intermediate alloy, al-Mn intermediate alloy, al-Er intermediate alloy, al-Ti intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy are mixed and smelted, and then cooled, insulated and stood to obtain alloy melt, and then cast to obtain Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy.
In the invention, the specific smelting process comprises the following steps:
al is firstly smelted, and then Al-Cu intermediate alloy, al-Mn intermediate alloy, al-Er intermediate alloy, al-Ti intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy are sequentially added for smelting.
In the present invention, the melting temperature is preferably 760 to 800 ℃, more preferably 765 to 790 ℃, still more preferably 770 to 780 ℃.
In the invention, the smelting further comprises: stirring and degassing; the stirring time is preferably 10min.
In the present invention, the time for the heat-retaining and standing is preferably 8 to 15 minutes, more preferably 9 to 12 minutes, and still more preferably 10 to 11 minutes.
In the present invention, the temperature of the alloy melt is preferably 700 to 750 ℃, more preferably 710 to 740 ℃, and even more preferably 720 to 730 ℃.
In the present invention, the casting is preferably at least one of pressure casting, squeeze casting, and gravity casting, more preferably at least one of squeeze casting and gravity casting, and still more preferably gravity casting.
In the invention, the specific casting process comprises the following steps: preheating a casting mold, and then casting an alloy melt into the preheated casting mold; the temperature of the preheating is preferably 300 ℃.
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Firstly melting industrial pure aluminum at 780 ℃, then sequentially adding an Al-Cu intermediate alloy, an Al-Mn intermediate alloy, an Al-Er intermediate alloy, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy and an Al-Zr intermediate alloy, mechanically stirring for 10min after all the alloys are melted, cooling to 720 ℃ after degassing, and then continuously preserving heat at 720 ℃ and standing for 10min to obtain an alloy melt; preheating a thermal cracking resistance test die at 300 ℃, pouring an alloy melt into the preheated thermal cracking resistance test die for gravity casting, testing thermal cracking resistance in the casting process, recording a time-stress-temperature curve of the solidification process of the Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy, and observing the condition of macroscopic cracks;
wherein, the Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy comprises the following components: cu:5.5%, mn:0.6%, ti:0.16%, er:0.1%, zr:0.15% and the balance of Al.
Comparative example 1
Firstly melting industrial pure aluminum at 780 ℃, then sequentially adding an Al-Cu intermediate alloy, an Al-Mn intermediate alloy and an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, mechanically stirring for 10min after all the alloys are melted, cooling to 720 ℃ after degassing, and then continuously preserving heat and standing for 10min at 720 ℃ to obtain an alloy melt; preheating a thermal cracking resistance test die at 300 ℃, pouring an alloy melt into the preheated thermal cracking resistance test die for gravity casting, testing thermal cracking resistance in the casting process, recording a time-stress-temperature curve of the solidification process of the Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy, and observing the condition of macroscopic cracks;
wherein, the Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy comprises the following components: cu:5.5%, mn:0.6%, ti:0.16%, the balance being Al.
The mechanical properties of the Al-Cu-Mn cast alloys prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of the Al-Cu-Mn cast alloys of example 1 and comparative example 1
| Alloy | Tensile strength of | Yield strength of | Elongation percentage |
| Example 1 | 353MPa | 289MPa | 5.0％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 297.3MPa | 247.5MPa | 4.0％ |
As can be seen from table 1, the complex addition of Er and Zr refines the grains, resulting in fine grain strengthening; meanwhile, the size of a precipitated phase of the alloy peak aging is reduced, reinforcement is generated, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy is improved.
The time-stress-temperature profiles of the Al-Cu-Mn cast alloys prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively. From fig. 1 and 2, it can be known that the semi-solid strength of the Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy is improved from 37.5 to 99.9Kgf by the composite addition of Er and Zr, and the higher the semi-solid strength of the Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy is, the better the thermal cracking resistance of the Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy is, so that the thermal cracking resistance of the Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy is improved by the composite addition of Er and Zr.
Sample graphs of the Al-Cu-Mn cast alloys prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 after the hot cracking test are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, in example 1, the samples subjected to the heat crack resistance test were not macroscopically cracked by adding a trace of Er and Zr elements, and in comparative example 1, the samples subjected to the heat crack resistance test were cracked by adding a trace of Er and Zr elements. Therefore, the invention can obviously improve the hot cracking resistance of the aluminum alloy.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy having hot cracking resistance, characterized by comprising, in mass percent:
cu 5-6%, mn 0.5-0.6%, ti 0.1-0.2%, er 0.01-0.1%, zr 0.1-0.2% and the balance Al.
2. The method for producing an Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy having hot cracking resistance according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
al, al-Cu intermediate alloy, al-Mn intermediate alloy, al-Er intermediate alloy, al-Ti intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy are mixed and smelted, and then cooled, insulated and stood to obtain alloy melt, and then cast to obtain Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy.
3. The method for producing an Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy having hot cracking resistance according to claim 2, wherein the melting temperature is 760 to 800 ℃.
4. The method for producing an Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy having hot cracking resistance according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the alloy melt is 700 to 750 ℃.
5. The method for producing an Al-Cu-Mn cast alloy having hot cracking resistance according to claim 4, wherein the casting is one of pressure casting, squeeze casting and gravity casting.
6. The method for producing an Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy having hot cracking resistance according to claim 5, further comprising, after the melting is completed: stirring and degassing.
7. The method for producing an Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy having hot cracking resistance according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the holding time is 8 to 15 minutes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410014901.XA CN117604345A (en) | 2024-01-04 | 2024-01-04 | Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy with thermal cracking resistance and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410014901.XA CN117604345A (en) | 2024-01-04 | 2024-01-04 | Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy with thermal cracking resistance and preparation method thereof |
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| CN117604345A true CN117604345A (en) | 2024-02-27 |
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| CN202410014901.XA Pending CN117604345A (en) | 2024-01-04 | 2024-01-04 | Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy with thermal cracking resistance and preparation method thereof |
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| CN (1) | CN117604345A (en) |
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