CN117601923B - Automatic inspection system for rail flaw detection - Google Patents
Automatic inspection system for rail flaw detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN117601923B CN117601923B CN202311603850.6A CN202311603850A CN117601923B CN 117601923 B CN117601923 B CN 117601923B CN 202311603850 A CN202311603850 A CN 202311603850A CN 117601923 B CN117601923 B CN 117601923B
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/08—Measuring installations for surveying permanent way
- B61K9/10—Measuring installations for surveying permanent way for detecting cracks in rails or welds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D15/00—Other railway vehicles, e.g. scaffold cars; Adaptations of vehicles for use on railways
- B61D15/08—Railway inspection trolleys
- B61D15/12—Railway inspection trolleys power propelled
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/83—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rail flaw detection, and provides an automatic track flaw detection system which comprises an electromagnetic transmitting circuit, an electromagnetic receiving circuit and a main control unit, wherein the electromagnetic transmitting circuit comprises a transformer T1, a switch tube Q2, a resistor R2, a diode D4 and an electromagnetic transmitting coil L1, a first input end of the transformer T1 is connected with a VCC power supply, a second input end of the transformer T1 is connected with a first end of the switch tube Q1, a second end of the switch tube Q1 is grounded, a first end of the resistor R2 is connected with the VCC power supply, a second end of the resistor R2 is connected with a control end of the switch tube Q1, a first output end of the transformer T1 is connected with an anode of a diode D4, a second output end of the transformer T1 is grounded, a cathode of the diode D4 is connected with a first end of the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1, and a second end of the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1 is grounded. The problem of unstable excitation pulse in the electromagnetic flaw detection in the related art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail flaw detection, in particular to an automatic inspection system for rail flaw detection.
Background
In recent years, rail transit in China rapidly develops, railways occupy irreplaceable positions in China social life, and the development brings convenience to life of people and simultaneously provides greater challenges for the safety guarantee technology of railway transportation. During train operation, the rails are typically subjected to high mechanical loads and severe environmental conditions. When the load is heavy, the bending force and thermal stress to the rail are more serious, and at the moment, any small notch or other parts at the bottom of the rail are damaged to cause the initiation and elongation of fatigue cracks, so that the periodic flaw detection and inspection of the railway are particularly important for ensuring the safe running of the train. The traditional track flaw detection and inspection technology mainly uses an electromagnetic flaw detection technology, excitation pulse is required to be provided for an electromagnetic probe in the inspection process, so that a constant magnetic field is generated, but the existing excitation pulse is unstable, so that the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic probe is unstable, and the existence of a track flaw cannot be effectively identified.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an automatic inspection system for rail flaw detection, which solves the problem of unstable excitation pulse during electromagnetic flaw detection in the related art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The automatic track inspection system comprises an electromagnetic transmitting circuit, an electromagnetic receiving circuit and a main control unit, wherein the electromagnetic transmitting circuit is used for transmitting electromagnetic signals, the electromagnetic receiving circuit is used for receiving the electromagnetic signals, the electromagnetic receiving circuit is connected with the main control unit, the electromagnetic transmitting circuit comprises a transformer T1, a switch tube Q1, a capacitor C1, a switch tube Q2, a capacitor C2, a switch tube Q2, a resistor R2, a diode D4 and an electromagnetic transmitting coil L1,
The first input end of the transformer T1 is connected with a VCC power supply, the second input end of the transformer T1 is connected with the first end of the switch tube Q1, the second end of the switch tube Q1 is grounded, the first end of the resistor R2 is connected with the VCC power supply, the second end of the resistor R2 is connected with the control end of the switch tube Q1,
The first end of the transformer T1 feedback coil is connected with the first end of the switch tube Q2 through the capacitor C1, the first end of the switch tube Q2 is connected with the first end of the resistor R2, the second end of the transformer T1 feedback coil is grounded, the first end of the transformer T1 feedback coil is grounded through the capacitor C2, the first end of the transformer T1 feedback coil is connected with the control end of the switch tube Q2, the second end of the switch tube Q2 is grounded,
The first output end of the transformer T1 is connected with the anode of the diode D4, the second output end of the transformer T1 is grounded, the cathode of the diode D4 is connected with the first end of the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1, and the second end of the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1 is grounded.
Further, the electromagnetic emission circuit in the invention further comprises a voltage stabilizing tube D3, an optocoupler U7 and a switching tube Q3, wherein a cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube D3 is connected with a first end of the feedback coil of the transformer T1, an anode of the voltage stabilizing tube D3 is connected with a first input end of the optocoupler U7, a second input end of the optocoupler U7 is grounded, a first output end of the optocoupler U7 is connected with a control end of the switching tube Q3, a first end of the switching tube Q3 is connected with a first end of the resistor R2, a second end of the switching tube Q3 is grounded, and a second output end of the optocoupler U7 is grounded.
Further, the electromagnetic receiving circuit in the invention comprises an electromagnetic receiving coil L2, an operational amplifier U3, an operational amplifier U1, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, an operational amplifier U2 and a resistor R11, wherein the in-phase input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with the first end of the electromagnetic receiving coil L2, the out-phase input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with the out-phase input end of the operational amplifier U1 through the resistor R7, the in-phase input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the second end of the electromagnetic receiving coil L2, the output end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with the out-phase input end of the operational amplifier U3 through the resistor R8, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the out-phase input end of the operational amplifier U1, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the out-phase input end of the operational amplifier U2 through the resistor R9, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the first input end of the operational amplifier U2 through the resistor R11.
Further, the invention also includes a filter circuit, the filter circuit includes a resistor R12, a resistor R13, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, an operational amplifier U4, a resistor R14 and a resistor R15, the first end of the resistor R12 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier U2, the second end of the resistor R12 is connected to the first end of the resistor R13, the second end of the resistor R13 is grounded through the capacitor C6, the second end of the resistor R13 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U4, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U4 is grounded through the resistor R14, the output end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U4 through the resistor R15, the output end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to the second end of the resistor R12 through the capacitor C7, and the output end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to the first input end of the main control unit.
Further, an amplifying circuit is further included between the output end of the operational amplifier U4 and the first input end of the main control unit, the amplifying circuit includes a resistor R16, an operational amplifier U6, a resistor R17 and a resistor R18, the first end of the resistor R16 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier U4, the second end of the resistor R16 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6 is grounded through the resistor R17, the output end of the operational amplifier U6 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6 through the resistor R18, and the output end of the operational amplifier U6 is connected to the first input end of the main control unit.
Further, the amplifying circuit in the invention further comprises an operational amplifier U5, wherein the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U5 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U4, the output end of the operational amplifier U5 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U5, and the output end of the operational amplifier U5 is connected with the first end of the resistor R16.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
In the invention, an electromagnetic transmitting circuit, an electromagnetic receiving circuit and a main control unit are all mounted on a track type automatic inspection trolley, the track type automatic inspection trolley runs along a track, the electromagnetic transmitting circuit is used for transmitting electromagnetic signals to the track, the electromagnetic signals generate uniform magnetic fields, the track is magnetized at the moment, when the electromagnetic signals disappear, the magnetic fields disappear, reverse magnetic field signals are generated on the track, the electromagnetic receiving circuit is used for receiving the magnetic field signals generated on the track and converting the magnetic signals into electric signals to be sent to the main control unit, when the detected track has defects, the electric signals received by the main control unit change, and the main control unit judges whether the track has defects according to the changes of the received electric signals.
The working principle of the electromagnetic transmitting circuit is as follows: during operation, the VCC power supply is added to the control end of the switching tube Q1 through the resistor R2, the switching tube Q1 is conducted, at this time, the VCC power supply generates induced voltage through the input coil of the transformer T1, the induced voltage is added to the control end of the switching tube Q1 after passing through the capacitor C1, the feedback coil of the transformer T1 forms positive feedback, the conduction of the switching tube Q1 is accelerated, and the switching tube Q1 is opened rapidly. When the switch tube Q1 is conducted, the output coil of the transformer T1 also generates induced voltage, the transformer T1 is a step-up transformer, the VCC power supply is raised and then passes through the diode D4, and then the VCC power supply is added to the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1, and a uniform magnetic field is generated around the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1.
When the switching tube Q1 is conducted, the voltage on the feedback coil of the transformer T1 charges the capacitor C2, when the charging voltage on the capacitor C2 is higher than the starting voltage of the switching tube Q2, the switching tube Q2 is conducted, the control end of the switching tube Q1 is pulled down, the switching tube Q1 is cut off, reverse voltage is generated on the output coil of the transformer T1, the diode D4 is cut off, the excitation signal on the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1 disappears, and no magnetic field is generated around the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1. At this time, as the capacitor C2 discharges, the voltage at the control terminal of the switching tube Q2 gradually decreases, and when the voltage on the capacitor C2 is smaller than the turn-on voltage of the switching tube Q2, the switching tube Q2 is turned off. At this time, the VCC power is added to the control end of the switching tube Q1 through the resistor R2, the switching tube Q1 is turned on, then the feedback coil of the switching tube Q1 generates a forward induced voltage again, then the switching tube Q1 is turned on faster by positive feedback, at this time, the capacitor C2 charges again, and oscillations are formed by charging and discharging the capacitor C2, so as to generate a pulse excitation signal on the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1.
In the working process, the VCC power supply possibly floats, so that the pulse excitation signal of the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1 floats, at the moment, the charge and discharge time of the capacitor C2 can be changed by changing the value of the capacitor C2, so that the on and off time of the switching tube Q2 is changed, the duty ratio of the pulse excitation signal is changed, the stable and unchanged strength of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1 is ensured, the defect of a track is effectively identified, and the safety of railway transportation is ensured.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an electromagnetic transmitting circuit in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an electromagnetic receiving circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a filter circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of an amplifying circuit in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides an automatic inspection system for track flaw detection, including an electromagnetic transmitting circuit, an electromagnetic receiving circuit and a main control unit, the electromagnetic transmitting circuit is used for transmitting electromagnetic signals, the electromagnetic receiving circuit is used for receiving electromagnetic signals, the main control unit is connected to the electromagnetic receiving circuit, the electromagnetic transmitting circuit includes a transformer T1, a switch tube Q1, a capacitor C1, a switch tube Q2, a capacitor C2, a switch tube Q2, a resistor R2, a diode D4 and an electromagnetic transmitting coil L1, the first input terminal of the transformer T1 is connected with a VCC power supply, the second input terminal of the transformer T1 is connected with a first terminal of the switch tube Q1, the second terminal of the switch tube Q1 is grounded, the first terminal of the resistor R2 is connected with a control terminal of the switch tube Q1, the first terminal of the transformer T1 is connected with a first terminal of the switch tube Q2 through the capacitor C1, the second terminal of the transformer T1 is grounded, the first terminal of the transformer T1 feedback coil is connected with the first terminal of the switch tube Q2 through the capacitor C2, the first terminal of the transformer T1 is grounded, the first terminal of the second terminal of the transformer T1 is connected with the first terminal of the switch tube Q2, the first terminal of the second terminal of the transformer T2 is grounded, and the first terminal of the transformer T2 is connected with the first terminal of the diode D4 is grounded.
In this embodiment, the electromagnetic transmitting circuit, the electromagnetic receiving circuit and the main control unit are all mounted on the track type automatic inspection trolley, the track type automatic inspection trolley runs along the track, the electromagnetic transmitting circuit is used for transmitting electromagnetic signals to the track, the electromagnetic signals generate uniform magnetic fields, the track is magnetized at this time, when the electromagnetic signals disappear, the magnetic field signals are generated on the track at this time, the electromagnetic receiving circuit is used for receiving the magnetic field signals generated on the track and converting the magnetic signals into electric signals to be sent to the main control unit, when the detected track has defects, the electric signals received by the main control unit change, and the main control unit judges whether the track has defects according to the changes of the received electric signals.
Specifically, the working principle of the electromagnetic transmitting circuit is as follows: during operation, the VCC power supply is added to the control end of the switching tube Q1 through the resistor R2, the switching tube Q1 is conducted, at this time, the VCC power supply generates induced voltage through the input coil of the transformer T1, the induced voltage is added to the control end of the switching tube Q1 after passing through the capacitor C1, the feedback coil of the transformer T1 forms positive feedback, the conduction of the switching tube Q1 is accelerated, and the switching tube Q1 is opened rapidly. When the switch tube Q1 is conducted, the output coil of the transformer T1 also generates induced voltage, the transformer T1 is a step-up transformer, the VCC power supply is raised and then passes through the diode D4, and then the VCC power supply is added to the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1, and a uniform magnetic field is generated around the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1.
When the switching tube Q1 is conducted, the voltage on the feedback coil of the transformer T1 charges the capacitor C2, when the charging voltage on the capacitor C2 is higher than the starting voltage of the switching tube Q2, the switching tube Q2 is conducted, the control end of the switching tube Q1 is pulled down, the switching tube Q1 is cut off, reverse voltage is generated on the output coil of the transformer T1, the diode D4 is cut off, the excitation signal on the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1 disappears, and no magnetic field is generated around the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1. At this time, as the capacitor C2 discharges, the voltage at the control terminal of the switching tube Q2 gradually decreases, and when the voltage on the capacitor C2 is smaller than the turn-on voltage of the switching tube Q2, the switching tube Q2 is turned off. At this time, the VCC power is added to the control end of the switching tube Q1 through the resistor R2, the switching tube Q1 is turned on, then the feedback coil of the switching tube Q1 generates a forward induced voltage again, then the switching tube Q1 is turned on faster by positive feedback, at this time, the capacitor C2 charges again, and the switching tube Q1 oscillates by charging and discharging the capacitor C2, so as to generate a pulse excitation signal on the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1.
In the working process, the VCC power supply possibly floats, so that the pulse excitation signal of the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1 floats, at the moment, the charge and discharge time of the capacitor C2 can be changed by changing the value of the capacitor C2, so that the on and off time of the switching tube Q2 is changed, the duty ratio of the pulse excitation signal is changed, and the stable and unchanged strength of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1 is ensured.
As shown in fig. 1, the electromagnetic emission circuit in this embodiment further includes a voltage stabilizing tube D3, an optocoupler U7, and a switching tube Q3, where a cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube D3 is connected to a first end of a feedback coil of the transformer T1, an anode of the voltage stabilizing tube D3 is connected to a first input end of the optocoupler U7, a second input end of the optocoupler U7 is grounded, a first output end of the optocoupler U7 is connected to a control end of the switching tube Q3, a first end of the switching tube Q3 is connected to a first end of the resistor R2, a second end of the switching tube Q3 is grounded, and a second output end of the optocoupler U7 is grounded.
In this embodiment, in order to improve accuracy of rail flaw detection, the duty ratio of the pulse excitation signal is automatically adjusted according to the floating of the VCC power supply.
When the VCC power supply is smaller, the voltage output by the feedback coil of the transformer T1 is small, and the magnetic field intensity generated by the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1 is weak.
When the output voltage of the transformer T1 is larger than the set voltage, the voltage stabilizing tube D3 is broken down, the optocoupler U7 is conducted, at the moment, the first output end of the optocoupler U7 is at a low level, the switching tube Q3 is conducted, the control end of the switching tube Q1 is forced to be pulled down, the switching tube Q1 stops oscillating, when the voltage output by the feedback coil of the transformer T1 returns to be normal, the voltage stabilizing tube D3 is cut off, the optocoupler U7 is also cut off, the first output end of the optocoupler U7 becomes at a high level, the switching tube Q3 is cut off, at the moment, the switching tube Q1 resumes oscillating, and therefore the duty ratio of the whole pulse excitation signal is changed, and the stable and unchanged magnetic field intensity generated by the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1 is ensured.
As shown in fig. 2, the electromagnetic receiving circuit in this embodiment includes an electromagnetic receiving coil L2, an operational amplifier U3, an operational amplifier U1, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, an operational amplifier U2, and a resistor R11, where the in-phase input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the first end of the electromagnetic receiving coil L2, the in-phase input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the opposite-phase input end of the operational amplifier U1 through the resistor R7, the in-phase input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the second end of the electromagnetic receiving coil L2, the output end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the opposite-phase input end of the operational amplifier U3, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the opposite-phase input end of the operational amplifier U1 through the resistor R9, the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to the in-phase input end of the operational amplifier U2 through the resistor R11, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to the first input end of the main control unit.
In this embodiment, when the switch tube Q1 is turned on, the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1 generates a magnetic field, the detected track is magnetized, when the switch tube Q1 is turned off, the magnetic field of the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1 disappears, and when the detected track is turned on, an inverted magnetic field is generated on the detected track, and the electromagnetic receiving coil is used for detecting the inverted magnetic field and converting the inverted magnetic field into an electrical signal for output, and when the detected track has a defect, the inverted magnetic field changes, thereby causing the electrical signal output by the electromagnetic detecting coil L2 to change. In this process, the electric signal output by the electromagnetic detection coil L2 is interfered by the common-mode signal, so as to affect the accuracy of rail flaw detection, so that the operational amplifier U3 and the operational amplifier U1 form a first differential amplifying circuit for suppressing the common-mode interference signal, the operational amplifier U2 forms a second differential amplifying circuit for converting two output signals into one output signal and sending the one output signal to the main control unit, and the second differential amplifying circuit can further suppress the interference of the common-mode signal and improve the detection accuracy of the circuit.
As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment further includes a filter circuit, where the filter circuit includes a resistor R12, a resistor R13, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, an operational amplifier U4, a resistor R14 and a resistor R15, where a first end of the resistor R12 is connected to an output end of the operational amplifier U2, a second end of the resistor R12 is connected to a first end of the resistor R13, the second end of the resistor R13 is grounded through the capacitor C6, a second end of the resistor R13 is connected to a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U4, an inverting input end of the operational amplifier U4 is grounded through the resistor R14, an output end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to an inverting input end of the operational amplifier U4 through the resistor R15, and an output end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to a first input end of the master control unit through the capacitor C7.
In this embodiment, the differential amplifying circuit has a certain capability of suppressing the interference signal, but has a limited capability of suppressing the interference signal, and part of the interference signal in the electric signal output by the op amp U2 is still sent to the main control unit together with the useful signal.
As shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, an amplifying circuit is further included between the output end of the operational amplifier U4 and the first input end of the main control unit, where the amplifying circuit includes a resistor R16, an operational amplifier U6, a resistor R17 and a resistor R18, the first end of the resistor R16 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier U4, the second end of the resistor R16 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6 is grounded through the resistor R17, the output end of the operational amplifier U6 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6 through the resistor R18, and the output end of the operational amplifier U6 is connected to the first input end of the main control unit.
In this embodiment, the electrical signal output by the electromagnetic detection coil L2 is weak, the main control unit cannot directly and effectively identify the electrical signal, the primary function of the first differential amplification circuit and the second differential amplification circuit is to suppress common mode interference, and gain amplification is limited, so that in order to enable the main control unit to effectively identify the electrical signal, an amplification circuit is added between the output end of the operational amplifier U4 and the first input end of the main control unit, and the amplification circuit is formed by a resistor R16, the operational amplifier U6, a resistor R17 and a resistor R18, and finally the amplified electrical signal is sent to the main control unit.
As shown in fig. 4, the amplifying circuit in this embodiment further includes an operational amplifier U5, the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U5 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier U4, the output end of the operational amplifier U5 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U5, and the output end of the operational amplifier U5 is connected to the first end of the resistor R16.
The electric signal output by the electromagnetic detection coil L2 is weak, and meanwhile, certain loss exists in the signal transmission process, so that the useful electric signal applied to the input end of the amplifying circuit is very weak, therefore, the operational amplifier U5 is added before the amplifying circuit, the operational amplifier U5 forms a follower, and the signal transmission effectiveness can be improved and the loss of the signal on the line can be reduced by utilizing the characteristics of high input impedance and low output impedance.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The automatic track inspection system is characterized by comprising an electromagnetic transmitting circuit, an electromagnetic receiving circuit and a main control unit, wherein the electromagnetic transmitting circuit is used for transmitting electromagnetic signals, the electromagnetic receiving circuit is used for receiving the electromagnetic signals, the electromagnetic receiving circuit is connected with the main control unit, the electromagnetic transmitting circuit comprises a transformer T1, a switch tube Q1, a capacitor C1, a switch tube Q2, a capacitor C2, a switch tube Q2, a resistor R2, a diode D4 and an electromagnetic transmitting coil L1,
The first input end of the transformer T1 is connected with a VCC power supply, the second input end of the transformer T1 is connected with the first end of the switch tube Q1, the second end of the switch tube Q1 is grounded, the first end of the resistor R2 is connected with the VCC power supply, the second end of the resistor R2 is connected with the control end of the switch tube Q1,
The first end of the transformer T1 feedback coil is connected with the first end of the switch tube Q2 through the capacitor C1, the first end of the switch tube Q2 is connected with the first end of the resistor R2, the second end of the transformer T1 feedback coil is grounded, the first end of the transformer T1 feedback coil is grounded through the capacitor C2, the first end of the transformer T1 feedback coil is connected with the control end of the switch tube Q2, the second end of the switch tube Q2 is grounded,
The first output end of the transformer T1 is connected with the anode of the diode D4, the second output end of the transformer T1 is grounded, the cathode of the diode D4 is connected with the first end of the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1, and the second end of the electromagnetic transmitting coil L1 is grounded;
The electromagnetic emission circuit further comprises a voltage stabilizing tube D3, an optical coupler U7 and a switching tube Q3, wherein the cathode of the voltage stabilizing tube D3 is connected with the first end of the feedback coil of the transformer T1, the anode of the voltage stabilizing tube D3 is connected with the first input end of the optical coupler U7, the second input end of the optical coupler U7 is grounded, the first output end of the optical coupler U7 is connected with the control end of the switching tube Q3, the first end of the switching tube Q3 is connected with the first end of the resistor R2, the second end of the switching tube Q3 is grounded, and the second output end of the optical coupler U7 is grounded;
the electromagnetic receiving circuit comprises an electromagnetic receiving coil L2, an operational amplifier U3, an operational amplifier U1, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, an operational amplifier U2 and a resistor R11, wherein the in-phase input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with the first end of the electromagnetic receiving coil L2, the anti-phase input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with the anti-phase input end of the operational amplifier U1 through the resistor R7, the in-phase input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the second end of the electromagnetic receiving coil L2, the output end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with the anti-phase input end of the operational amplifier U3, the output end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with the in-phase input end of the operational amplifier U2 through the resistor R8, the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the anti-phase input end of the operational amplifier U2, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the first input end of the operational amplifier U2 through the resistor R11.
2. The automatic track inspection system according to claim 1, further comprising a filter circuit, wherein the filter circuit comprises a resistor R12, a resistor R13, a capacitor C6, a capacitor C7, an operational amplifier U4, a resistor R14 and a resistor R15, a first end of the resistor R12 is connected to an output end of the operational amplifier U2, a second end of the resistor R12 is connected to a first end of the resistor R13, the second end of the resistor R13 is grounded through the capacitor C6, a second end of the resistor R13 is connected to a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U4, an inverting input end of the operational amplifier U4 is grounded through the resistor R14, an output end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to an inverting input end of the operational amplifier U4 through the resistor R15, an output end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to a second end of the resistor R12 through the capacitor C7, and an output end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to a first input end of the main control unit.
3. The automatic track inspection system according to claim 2, wherein an amplifying circuit is further included between the output end of the operational amplifier U4 and the first input end of the main control unit, the amplifying circuit includes a resistor R16, an operational amplifier U6, a resistor R17 and a resistor R18, the first end of the resistor R16 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier U4, the second end of the resistor R16 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6 is grounded through the resistor R17, the output end of the operational amplifier U6 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U6 through the resistor R18, and the output end of the operational amplifier U6 is connected to the first input end of the main control unit.
4. The automatic inspection system for rail flaw detection according to claim 3, wherein the amplifying circuit further comprises an operational amplifier U5, a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U5 is connected to an output end of the operational amplifier U4, an output end of the operational amplifier U5 is connected to an inverting input end of the operational amplifier U5, and an output end of the operational amplifier U5 is connected to a first end of the resistor R16.
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| CN117601923A (en) | 2024-02-27 |
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