CN1175940C - Hollow cathode central axial powder-feeding plasma spraying gun - Google Patents
Hollow cathode central axial powder-feeding plasma spraying gun Download PDFInfo
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- CN1175940C CN1175940C CNB031146945A CN03114694A CN1175940C CN 1175940 C CN1175940 C CN 1175940C CN B031146945 A CNB031146945 A CN B031146945A CN 03114694 A CN03114694 A CN 03114694A CN 1175940 C CN1175940 C CN 1175940C
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- inside tube
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a hollow cathodic central axial powder-feeding plasma spraying gun. A cathode adopts the hollow cathode prepared by a homocentric inner side pipe and a tungsten pipe on the outer side, and the cross section of a nozzle chamber of an anode is in a trapezoidal structure. The plasma spraying gun adopting the structure can effectively control a flight profile of powder in plasma jet, can effectively feed the powder into the central part of the plasma jet, and realizes the effective heating and acceleration of spraying particles. Electric arc combustion is stable, the powder is not easy to bind, and the service life of an electrode is long.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to be mainly used in machinery and electrical equipment and make the structure of a kind of plasma spray gun in field, particularly a kind of hollow cathode center axial powder feed plasma spray gun.
Two, background technology
Plasma spraying is a thermal source with the non-transfevent plasma-arc that plasma gun produces, when passing through the nozzle duct, working gas arrived very high temperature by electric arc heated, the violent expansion taken place and ejection rapidly, form the plasma jet of high temperature and high speed, sprayed on material is delivered in the plasma jet with form of powder, heat therein, quicken, form the particle flux of fusion, high-speed impact forms coating to matrix surface.
The tradition plasma is coated with the gun internal powder conveying mode (being called for short the internal powder conveying mode) that rifle all adopts the outer powder feeding mode (being called for short outer powder feeding mode) of rifle or sends into by anode nozzle, because the movement locus of powder particle in plasma jet is subjected to the powder feeding gas flow, density and the thermograde of plasma jet and the common influence of velocity gradient of powder size distribution and dusty material, the particle movement locus is dispersed, be difficult to all enter the high-temperature area of plasma jet, and the dispersiveness of particle movement locus makes particle with different state collision matrixes, increased the inhomogeneities of coating texture and performance, especially when sprayed on material is the different mixed-powder of two or more density, the problem that the particle state parameter is disperseed is more serious, to cause coating performance more serious inhomogeneities to occur, traditional plasma gun is difficult to address this problem effectively.
More common method is by increasing the uneven problem of heating acceleration that arc power remedies particle, but the increase of plasma-arc power has also brought other problems, for example the efficiency of heating surface of electric arc reduces (heat that is used for heating powder only account for electric arc heat 3%～5%), during the less part of spraying size, plasma jet deposition beam spot diameter, causes powder deposition efficiency reduction etc. more greatly.
In order to improve the efficiency of heating surface of powder, improve the uniformity of coating performance, the high-power plasma gun that the nineties occurred the axial powder feed mode, its structure adopts multiple electrode structure more, and for example three cathode construction spray guns and many spray guns to electrode structure are under this structure, can realize that powder sends to from the spray gun axis, consequently the uniformity of the heating of particle acceleration and powder deposition efficiency improve, but the spray gun structure complexity, the equipment cost height.And adopt method to have following problems in entity cathode center processing powder feeding duct: at first, negative electrode is in the condition of high temperature always in the spraying process, powder melting near the position of cathode end and stopping up the powder feeding duct, especially for low-melting metal dust, therefore can't be realized continuous spraying easily, secondly, the powder feeding air-flow of centre bore directly enters electric arc, and electric arc is produced disturbance, causes arc voltage fluctuation, less stable is difficult to satisfy the requirement of spraying.
Three, summary of the invention
Defective or deficiency at above-mentioned prior art existence, the objective of the invention is to, provide a kind of and realize that under low power condition powder particle effectively heats the hollow cathode center axial powder feed plasma spray gun of acceleration, by improving effective heating of powder particle, be implemented in spray-on coating under the small-power condition, especially for spraying high-melting-point ceramic material.
The solution that realizes above-mentioned purpose is that a kind of hollow cathode center axial powder feed plasma spray gun comprises:
1) front gun body of plasma spray gun;
2) anode nozzle that is connected with front gun body;
3) rear lance;
4) cathode rod that is connected with rear lance;
5) insulator of connection front gun body and rear lance;
Front gun body, rear lance and insulator are connected by mechanical connection manner;
It is characterized in that: cathode rod is a kind of two-tube hollow cathode structure; Cathode rod comprises the inside tube and the outside tungsten pipe of concentric setting, and by the discharge that produces electric arc between outside tungsten pipe and the anode nozzle, the other end of cathode rod is connected with the powder feeding pipe joint.
Some other characteristics of the present invention are:
The chamber cross section of described anode nozzle is rectangle or trapezium structure, and the end in the trapezium structure or waist are straight line or curve.
Described cathode rod is regulated the front and back position with respect to anode nozzle, and adjusting position can play control powder smelting state, thereby avoids the phenomenon of powder bonded at anode nozzle.
Described cathode rod is a global facility that assembles, comprise at least inside tube, outside tungsten pipe with above-mentioned negative electrode hollow supporting body that both are connected jointly.The inside tube and the outside tungsten pipe of a band through hole also are set at an end of negative electrode hollow supporting body, the through hole of inside tube is provided with the through hole of negative electrode hollow supporting body is concentric, outside tungsten pipe is arranged on the outer surface of an end of negative electrode hollow supporting body, has certain clearance between inside tube and the outside tungsten pipe.
Described supporter is heat conduction and electric conductivity good copper or Cu alloy material, and the material of described outside tungsten pipe is tungsten or the tungsten alloy that discharge performance is good and fusing point is high, and tungsten alloy is cerium tungsten alloy, thorium tungsten alloy.
Described inside tube material is metal or alloy or pottery or cermet, metal wherein comprises tungsten, molybdenum, iron, copper, nickel, titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, yttrium, manganese, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, silver, tantalum, alloy comprises the alloy of above-mentioned one or more elements, pottery comprises oxide, nitride, carbide, boride, silicide ceramics, and cermet comprises the complex that above-mentioned metal or alloy and pottery are formed.
When described inside tube material was identical with support bar, inside tube and negative electrode hollow supporting body can unite two into one, as a whole structure.
Contract in the exit end face of the exit end face of described inside tube with respect to outside tungsten pipe, when the neck-in of inside tube end face guaranteed electrode work, arc stability ground burnt at outside tungsten pipe end face.
The diameter of bore of described inside tube is 1～3mm, and wall thickness is 1～2mm; The internal diameter of outside tungsten pipe is 3～6mm, and wall thickness is 3～5mm.
Can add some devices or shape on the described supporter in order to fix or to connect other parts,, be used for fixed-site, adjusting, the connection dust feeder of negative electrode, also for example device of powder feeding joint can be installed on the supporter such as machining screw, punching.
Described inside tube is as discharge portion, and as the powder feeding part.
Can add on the described anode nozzle and make a powder feeding hole, the mode with internal powder conveying realizes sending to of another powder thus, and spray gun can realize spraying simultaneously two kinds of powder, spraying when in like manner can expand to more than three kinds or three kinds powder.
Can add on the front gun body of described spray gun a powder-feeding mouth is installed, thus beyond the mode of powder feeding realize sending to of another powder, spray gun can realize spraying simultaneously two kinds of powder, spraying when in like manner can expand to more than three kinds or three kinds powder.
The present invention has following advantage:
1) adopt the tangential admission mode, eddy airstream has improved the stability of electric arc.
2) dusty spray by inside tube from central shaft to sending into plasma jet, after powder is sent from the centre bore of inside tube, directly enter the central area of plasma jet, and the eddy airstream of rotation is very little in the tangential speed component of central area, the movement locus of powder particle is concentrated.
3) negative electrode of spray gun adopts and makes hollow cathode by concentric inside tube and outside tungsten pipe, owing to adopt nested structure, there are diameter difference and difference in height between inside tube and the outside tungsten pipe, therefore electric arc only produces at the outside of negative electrode tungsten pipe end face and anode duct wall, a little less than the interference of powder feeding air-flow and powder to electric arc, the arc stability burning is in the anode duct, so arc stability is good.
4) difference in height between inside tube and the outside tungsten pipe end face, and the cooling effect of powder feeding air-flow makes the inside tube temperature relatively low, can avoid the erosive wear of powder to inside tube, and can avoid powder to melt bonding in the inside tube duct.
5) anode nozzle chamber cross section is a trapezium structure, and powder directly enters the anode nozzle duct after sending from inside tube, and short owing to the flying distance of particle in chamber like this, movement locus is concentrated and avoided powder particle to bond in nozzle wall surface because of fusing too early.
6) cathode rod is movably, and the distance between outside tungsten tube end and the anode can flexible modulation, realizes adjusting to the particles melt state with this.
7) anode nozzle employing trapezium structure, so chamber compression angle reduces the influence of air-flow compression, and compression angle is between 20 °～40 ° among the present invention.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a typical spray gun structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of a kind of typical hollow cathode structure that the present invention relates to.
The schematic diagram of Fig. 3 hollow cathode structure that to be the inside tube that the present invention relates to 21 can unite two into one with the negative electrode hollow supporting body.
The schematic diagram of a kind of more simple structure of Fig. 4 hollow cathode structure that to be the inside tube that the present invention relates to 21 can unite two into one with the negative electrode hollow supporting body.
Fig. 5 is the alumina ceramic coating section microstructure photo for preparing with the microplasma spray gun spraying that the invention process obtains.
Fig. 6 is the alumina ceramic coating section microstructure photo that traditional high-power plasma spraying prepares.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the anode nozzle that has side direction internal powder conveying hole that the present invention relates to.
Five, the specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail according to the embodiment that technical scheme of the present invention provides below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and inventor.
Embodiment 1:
Referring to Fig. 1,5,6.According to technical scheme of the present invention, this center axial powder feed plasma gun comprises: gland 1, anode nozzle 2, sealing ring 3, front gun body 4, sealing ring 5, sealing ring 6, insulator 7, cooling water pipe 8, rear lance 9, sealing ring clamp nut 10, adjusting nut 11, collet 12, clamp nut 13, locking nut 14, powder feeding pipe joint 15, nut 16, cathode rod 17, negative electrode composite water 18, air inlet pipe joint 19, outside tungsten pipe 20, inside tube 21, anode water electric connection 22.
Front gun body, rear lance, insulator and sealing ring are connected by mechanical type; End at front gun body 4 is installed sealing ring 3, anode nozzle 2 successively by gland 1 mechanically.
Cathode rod 17 is provided with inside tube 21 and the two tungsten pipe hollow cathodes of outside tungsten pipe 20 formations with one heart near an end of anode nozzle 2, and the other end of cathode rod 17 is connected with powder feeding pipe joint 15; Plasma-arc produces at the outside of negative electrode tungsten pipe 20 end faces and anode duct wall, and the central shaft of dusty spray by the inside tube 21 of negative electrode is to sending into plasma jet.
The chamber cross section of anode nozzle 2 is a trapezium structure.
Cathode rod 17 is portable, and the distance that the inside tube 21 of two tungsten pipe hollow cathodes and outside tungsten pipe are 20 can be regulated.Inside tube 21 is as discharge portion, and as the powder feeding part.
Spray gun of the present invention can prepare high-melting-point materials such as alundum (Al, zirconia, carbide.Adopt this spray gun to spray, result of the test shows that the coating for preparing at coatings prepared performance under the small-power of 1kW～3kW and traditional plasma gun is suitable under 20kW～80kW condition.Fig. 5 is the alumina ceramic coating section microstructure photo for preparing with the microplasma spray gun spraying that the present invention makes, and as a comparison, Fig. 6 is the aluminum oxide coating layer that traditional high-power plasma spraying prepares.Can find that from two width of cloth figure alumina particle fusing has taken place and formed flat flat preferably particle.When the spray power that the present invention relates to is 3kW and traditional plasma spraying power when being 40kW, preparation typical C u, Ni60, Mo and Al
2O
3The performance of coating is suitable with traditional plasma spraying.
The jet heat content of this spray gun is 0.7～1.6kJg
-1, be about 1/20～1/4 of traditional plasma gun.Adopt heat radiation particle temperature/velocity measuring system to measure central shaft respectively and spray Al to automatic powder feeding system
2O
3With Mo powder, Al
2O
3The average speed of particle is at 220ms
-1～300ms
-1Change in the scope, the average speed of Mo particle is at 110ms
-1～150ms
-1Change in the scope, suitable with the particle rapidity of the high-power plasma spraying of tradition.Microplasma spraying is to be coated in comparison shows that of performance (seeing the following form) that power is preparation coating under the 40kW with traditional plasma spray under the technological parameter of 3kW at power, and the abrasive wear of coating is weightless suitable with microhardness, shows that coating performance is approaching substantially.
The comparison of microplasma spraying layer and traditional plasma sprayed coating performance
Material coating performance microplasma spraying tradition plasma spraying
W/mg 25.2 24.0
Al
2O
3
Hv
0.2 1060 1274
W/mg 185.4 165.5
Mo
Hv
0.2 516 586
Embodiment 2:
Referring to Fig. 2.According to technical scheme of the present invention, the hollow cathode structure of plasma spray gun as shown in Figure 1, the hollow supporting body that comprises a negative electrode, the inside tube and the outside tungsten pipe of a band through hole also are set at an end of negative electrode hollow supporting body, inside tube is arranged on the through hole with the negative electrode hollow supporting body, outside tungsten pipe is arranged on the external diameter of an end of negative electrode hollow supporting body, has certain clearance between the two tungsten pipes.Adopt red copper as supporter, inside tube and outside tungsten pipe are connected an end of supporter, and the tungsten tube material is a cerium tungsten alloy.
Embodiment 3:
Referring to Fig. 3.According to technical scheme of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, inside tube and negative electrode hollow supporting body are selected the red copper material simultaneously, and both integrate into as a whole.The scheme of this kind embodiment is comparatively simple.
Embodiment 4:
Referring to Fig. 4.According to technical scheme of the present invention, as shown in Figure 4, inside tube and negative electrode hollow supporting body are selected the red copper material simultaneously, and both integrate and make an integral body, and the section of inside tube no longer exposes, and are deformed into more simple structure as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 5:
Referring to Fig. 7.According to technical scheme of the present invention, as shown in Figure 7, powder feeding hole outside a side of anode nozzle is provided with, powder feeding angle (angle of the powder direction of motion and nozzle duct air motion direction in the powder feeding hole) can be regulated thus in 30～150 ° scope according to used powder, and spray gun can realize that two kinds of powder spray simultaneously.
Claims (9)
1. hollow cathode center axial powder feed plasma spray gun comprises:
1) front gun body of plasma spray gun [4];
2) anode nozzle [2] that is connected with front gun body [4];
3) rear lance [9];
4) cathode rod [17] that is connected with rear lance [9];
5) insulator [7] of connection front gun body [4] and rear lance [9];
Front gun body [4], rear lance [9] and insulator [7] are connected by mechanical connection manner;
It is characterized in that: cathode rod [17] is a kind of two-tube hollow cathode structure; Cathode rod [17] comprises the inside tube [21] and the outside tungsten pipe [20] of concentric setting, and by the discharge that produces electric arc between outside tungsten pipe [20] and the anode nozzle [2], the other end of cathode rod [17] is connected with powder feeding pipe joint [15].
2. hollow cathode according to claim 1 center axial powder feed plasma spray gun is characterized in that the chamber cross section of described anode nozzle [2] is rectangle or trapezium structure, and the end in the trapezium structure or waist are straight line or curve.
3. hollow cathode according to claim 1 center axial powder feed plasma spray gun is characterized in that, described cathode rod [17] is regulated the front and back position with respect to anode nozzle [2].
4. hollow cathode according to claim 1 center axial powder feed plasma spray gun, it is characterized in that, described cathode rod [17] is a global facility that assembles, comprise at least inside tube [21], outside tungsten pipe [20] with above-mentioned negative electrode hollow supporting body that both are connected jointly; The inside tube [21] and the outside tungsten pipe [20] of a band through hole also are set at an end of negative electrode hollow supporting body, the through hole of inside tube [21] is provided with the through hole of negative electrode hollow supporting body is concentric, outside tungsten pipe [20] is arranged on the outer surface of an end of negative electrode hollow supporting body, has certain clearance between inside tube and the outside tungsten pipe.
5. hollow cathode according to claim 4 center axial powder feed plasma spray gun, it is characterized in that, described supporter is heat conduction and electric conductivity good copper or Cu alloy material, the material of described outside tungsten pipe [20] is tungsten or the tungsten alloy that discharge performance is good and fusing point is high, and tungsten alloy is cerium tungsten alloy, thorium tungsten alloy.
6. according to claim 1 or 4 described hollow cathode center axial powder feed plasma spray guns, it is characterized in that, described inside tube [21] material is metal or alloy or pottery or cermet, metal wherein comprises tungsten, molybdenum, iron, copper, nickel, titanium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, yttrium, manganese, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, silver, tantalum, alloy comprises the alloy of above-mentioned one or more elements, pottery comprises oxide, nitride, carbide, boride, silicide ceramics, and cermet comprises the complex that above-mentioned metal or alloy and pottery are formed.
7. according to claim 1 or 4 described hollow cathode center axial powder feed plasma spray guns, it is characterized in that when described inside tube [21] material was identical with support bar, inside tube [21] united two into one as a whole structure with the negative electrode hollow supporting body.
8. according to claim 1 or 4 described hollow cathode center axial powder feed plasma spray guns, it is characterized in that, contract in the exit end face of the exit end face of described inside tube [21] with respect to outside tungsten pipe [20], when the neck-in of inside tube [21] end face guaranteed electrode work, arc stability ground burnt at outside tungsten pipe [20] exit end face.
9. according to claim 1 or 4 described hollow cathode center axial powder feed plasma spray guns, it is characterized in that the diameter of bore of described inside tube [21] is 1～3mm, wall thickness is 1～2mm; The internal diameter of outside tungsten pipe [20] is 3～6mm, and wall thickness is 3～5mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031146945A CN1175940C (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2003-04-28 | Hollow cathode central axial powder-feeding plasma spraying gun |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031146945A CN1175940C (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2003-04-28 | Hollow cathode central axial powder-feeding plasma spraying gun |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1448223A CN1448223A (en) | 2003-10-15 |
| CN1175940C true CN1175940C (en) | 2004-11-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031146945A Expired - Fee Related CN1175940C (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2003-04-28 | Hollow cathode central axial powder-feeding plasma spraying gun |
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Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101296551B (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2011-03-30 | 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 | Association type double-cathode of plasma generator |
| CN101658971B (en) * | 2009-08-25 | 2012-04-18 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Non-contact arc ignition welding gun for vacuum electric arc welding of hollow cathode |
| CN102172795A (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2011-09-07 | 合肥京世建电子科技有限公司 | Eddy current evaporator component of water vapor plasma spray gun |
| CN103537388B (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2016-06-08 | 芜湖鼎瀚再制造技术有限公司 | A kind of spray gun powder conveying pipe |
| CN105755421B (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2018-03-06 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of direct current argon arc plasma powder spray gun and preparation method |
| CN107876768A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-06 | 湖南工业大学 | A kind of plasma 3D printing apparatus and method and its application in the reparation of special, wear-resistant material |
| CN109202072B (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2020-08-11 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Electronic gun device with coaxial powder feeding |
| CN109041396A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2018-12-18 | 广东省新材料研究所 | A kind of twin cathode axial direction feeding plasma gun |
| CN111411355A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-07-14 | 天津大学 | Conical powder feeding device for ultrahigh-speed plasma cladding and ultrahigh-speed plasma cladding method |
| CN112725718A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-30 | 郑州立佳热喷涂机械有限公司 | Spraying powder feeding device with central powder feeding and transverse multistage powder feeding |
| CN114737148B (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2024-03-26 | 四川真火等离子研究院有限公司 | Magnetic rotation arc cathode center powder feeding plasma metallurgical melting spraying process |
| CN114918055A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-19 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Upstream and downstream powder feeding nozzle for cold spraying and coating cold spraying production system |
| CN115505864B (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2023-12-29 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Small-size axial powder feeding inner hole plasma spraying gun |
-
2003
- 2003-04-28 CN CNB031146945A patent/CN1175940C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN1448223A (en) | 2003-10-15 |
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