CN117588858A - Photoelectric and photo-thermal building integrated phase change temperature control system based on prefabricated composite wall - Google Patents
Photoelectric and photo-thermal building integrated phase change temperature control system based on prefabricated composite wall Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
- E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
- E04D13/172—Roof insulating material with provisions for or being arranged for permitting ventilation of the roof covering
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F7/007—Ventilation with forced flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
- F24S20/66—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of facade constructions, e.g. wall constructions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/26—Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
- H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a photoelectric and photo-thermal building integrated phase-change temperature control system based on a prefabricated composite wall body, which comprises a photovoltaic/thermal composite wall body integrating phase-change materials, an electric power collection system, a temperature control system and a ventilation system, wherein the photovoltaic/thermal composite wall body integrating the phase-change materials comprises a photovoltaic module, a phase-change material layer, a gas flow passage, a heat preservation layer and a phase-change wall body, a fluid temperature control passage is arranged in the phase-change material layer, and the temperature control system comprises a temperature control pipeline, a temperature measuring element, a flow measurement and control element, a heat exchange device, a power element and a fluid storage box; one end of a heat exchange device in the temperature control system is connected with one end of a fluid temperature control channel through a temperature control pipeline, the other end of the heat exchange device is connected with a power element, a fluid storage box and a flow measurement and control element in sequence through the temperature control pipeline and then is connected with the other end of the fluid temperature control channel to form a temperature control fluid loop, and temperature measuring elements are arranged on the temperature control pipelines at two ends of the heat exchange device. The system is beneficial to improving the power generation efficiency and the energy utilization efficiency of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photoelectric and photo-thermal integrated buildings, in particular to a photoelectric and photo-thermal integrated phase change temperature control system based on a prefabricated composite wall body.
Background
Building energy consumption has been a major component of energy consumption worldwide. According to the data published by the China building energy conservation institute, the energy consumption in the whole building process accounts for 45.5% of the total national energy consumption, and the carbon emission accounts for 50.9%. This highlights the importance of building energy conservation in global energy utilization and carbon emissions, and also raises a high concern for building energy problems. In the face of increasingly severe climate change and energy sustainability challenges, the construction industry is in need of more efficient and clean measures to significantly reduce energy consumption for construction operations.
The installation of photovoltaic power generation modules on the building surface is a common energy-saving way. In recent years, photovoltaic modules have been fused with buildings more deeply, and photovoltaic photo-thermal building integrated (BIPV/T) technology has been proposed. In the technology, the photovoltaic module is integrated into the appearance and the structure of the building in the building design stage, so that the technology not only meets the basic functions of the building, but also can utilize renewable energy sources to generate electricity, and realize the collection of solar energy. The innovative building energy-saving mode provides a feasible scheme for realizing zero-energy-consumption operation of the building.
The thermal efficiency and the power generation efficiency of the photoelectric and thermal integrated building are key indexes for evaluating the overall operation efficiency of the building. The heat energy is generally utilized by carrying out heat exchange between fluid and the surface of the photovoltaic module, and the obtained hot water is used for indoor domestic hot water, and the main research content is how to improve the heat transfer efficiency of the system; the power generation principle of the photovoltaic module is to utilize the photoelectric effect of the photovoltaic panel, namely photons in sunlight to excite electrons, so as to generate current. In practical application, the high temperature state can increase the thermal excitation of electrons in the material, so that the electrons excited by photons are more difficult to keep in the conductive band, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module is reduced, so that the development of the temperature control technology of the photovoltaic module becomes a great research hot spot.
The existing temperature control technology of the photovoltaic module is generally to install a temperature control pipeline on the photovoltaic backboard, and use temperature control fluid to carry out indirect or continuous temperature control. However, this approach requires a significant amount of additional energy to power the flow of the temperature control fluid, reducing the overall efficiency of the overall optothermal building system.
In recent years, researchers have discovered a more potential approach to embedding Phase Change Materials (PCM) in photovoltaic modules. The method fully utilizes the latent heat of the phase change material for absorbing heat generated by solar radiation in the daytime. At night, when the ambient temperature is below the solidification temperature of the phase change material, the phase change material may release heat energy absorbed during the day. The technology is not only helpful for maintaining the photovoltaic module at a proper working temperature and improving the performance of the photovoltaic module, but also has the potential advantage of freezing prevention in cold areas.
After the phase change material is completely melted, the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module is rapidly increased, so that the influence of the photovoltaic module on the power generation efficiency of the system is reduced. In order to further optimize the performance of the photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module integrated with the phase change material can be combined with an active temperature control pipeline to realize active control of temperature, so that the temperature rise of the photovoltaic module is prevented from influencing the power generation efficiency, and meanwhile, the heated fluid is used for indoor requirements to realize the improvement of the overall efficiency of the system. The comprehensive application method can improve the overall performance and reliability of the photoelectric and photo-thermal system. Notably, patent CN114508203B discloses a BIPV photovoltaic roofing system and a construction method thereof, by designing a bracket assembly, the photovoltaic roofing and a low-energy roofing system are combined, by designing the roofing system, ventilation and heat dissipation of the photovoltaic assembly are realized, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly is improved; patent CN110528745B discloses an integrated curtain wall system and a control method based on photovoltaic phase-change heat storage, which utilize the combination of a photovoltaic curtain wall and a phase-change heat storage module to realize solar energy absorption and storage in daytime, release at night to improve indoor temperature, and can obviously improve comfort level in buildings in areas with large day-night temperature difference; patent CN112880074B discloses an active temperature control and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system based on phase change energy storage and intelligent control, and the technology comprehensively considers the photovoltaic module integrated with the phase change material and the building combined with the active temperature control and ventilation system, thereby improving the photovoltaic power generation efficiency. The related literature indicates that the uniformity of the temperature distribution of the photovoltaic module can also have a significant impact on the power generation efficiency thereof. It follows that, regarding the application of optothermal architecture integration, the current research mainly has the following characteristics:
(1) BIPV/T adopts phase change material embedding photovoltaic module, utilizes latent heat to absorb unnecessary heat, releases heat energy night, improves wholeness ability, possesses frostproofing potential simultaneously in cold district, but traditional solid-liquid phase change material is because gravity and convection heat transfer effect lead to not melting part deposit in the bottom when taking place the phase transition for photoelectricity photo-thermal building surface temperature distribution is inhomogeneous, influences photovoltaic module's generating efficiency.
(2) Existing methods for building integration of photovoltaic and photo-thermal are typically to make photovoltaic modules as individual modules that are then mounted on the building structure. However, with the development and wide application of prefabricated construction technology, there is a need for developing a prefabricated photo-electric and photo-thermal building integrated structure having an active temperature control function.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a photoelectric and photo-thermal building integrated phase-change temperature control system based on a prefabricated composite wall body, which is beneficial to improving the power generation efficiency and the energy utilization efficiency of the system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the integrated phase change material photovoltaic/thermal composite wall body comprises a photovoltaic module, a phase change material layer, a gas flow passage, a heat preservation layer and a phase change type wall body, wherein a fluid temperature control channel is arranged in the phase change material layer, and the temperature control system comprises a temperature control pipeline, a temperature measuring element, a flow measurement and control element, a heat exchange device, a power element and a fluid storage box; one end of a heat exchange device in the temperature control system is connected with one end of a fluid temperature control channel in the phase change material layer through a temperature control pipeline, the other end of the heat exchange device is sequentially connected with a power element, a fluid storage box and a flow measurement and control element through temperature control pipelines and then is connected with the other end of the fluid temperature control channel to form a temperature control fluid loop, and temperature measuring elements are arranged on the temperature control pipelines at two ends of the heat exchange device.
Further, the upper side of the phase change material layer is connected with the photovoltaic module through heat conduction glue, the lower side of the phase change material layer is provided with an insulation layer and a phase change wall body, and a gas flow passage is arranged between the phase change material layer and the insulation layer.
Further, the photovoltaic module is composed of photovoltaic glass, a photovoltaic packaging adhesive film, a silicon plate, a polyvinyl fluoride film and a photovoltaic packaging adhesive film which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
Further, the phase change material layer comprises a fluid temperature control channel, a phase change material with stable shape and an aluminum alloy container, wherein the phase change material is packaged in the aluminum alloy container, and the aluminum alloy container is glued with the photovoltaic module through heat conduction glue; the fluid temperature control channel is embedded in the phase change material, the thickness of the phase change material is 10-45mm, and the phase change temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃.
Further, the fluid temperature control channel is a finned pipeline, and the finned pipeline is provided with an inner fin or an outer fin or a combination of the inner fin and the outer fin.
Further, the gas flow passage is in communication with a ventilation system.
Further, the phase-change wall body is a lightweight aggregate concrete wall integrated with phase-change materials, the phase-change materials with the phase-change temperature of 24-28 ℃ are adsorbed into porous ceramsite with the diameter of 2-25mm by using a physical adsorption method, and the exterior is packaged by silica sol to form the lightweight aggregate concrete.
Further, the electric power collection system comprises a photovoltaic controller, a storage battery and a photovoltaic inverter, one end of the photovoltaic controller is connected with the photovoltaic module, the other end of the photovoltaic controller is connected with the storage battery, electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module is stored in the storage battery through the photovoltaic controller and used for building power supply requirements, and redundant electric energy is converted into alternating current through the photovoltaic inverter and then is combined into a power grid.
Further, the temperature control system is also provided with a supplementary pump and a heat preservation water tank.
Further, the ventilation system comprises a plurality of ventilation openings and fans, wherein the fans are arranged at the connecting positions of the roof and the external wall plates and used for controlling air flow.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a photoelectric and photo-thermal building integrated phase-change temperature control system based on a prefabricated composite wall, which utilizes phase-change materials with stable shapes to form a phase-change wall body and is introduced into photoelectric and photo-thermal building integration, so that uneven temperature distribution caused by gravity when the phase-change materials work is reduced, the hot spot phenomenon of a photovoltaic module is reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module is improved; meanwhile, by combining the phase change material with a temperature control system, a reasonable scheme is provided for the heat dissipation of the photovoltaic cell; in addition, the phase-change wall body manufactured by taking the shape-stable phase-change material as the lightweight aggregate utilizes the latent heat of phase change to absorb or release heat under the premise of ensuring the strength of the wall body, so that the indoor temperature is maintained near the phase-change temperature, the influence of solar radiation and environmental temperature change on the indoor temperature is reduced, the stability and the comfort of the indoor temperature are improved, and an efficient energy utilization scheme is provided for the integration of the photovoltaic building.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a photovoltaic/thermal composite wall incorporating phase change materials according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of temperature control pipes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the shape of a temperature control pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of air flow during sunny days in summer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of air flow during a sunny night in summer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of air flow during a sunny day in winter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the photovoltaic/thermal composite wall body integrating the phase change materials comprises 11, a photovoltaic module, 111, photovoltaic glass, 112, a photovoltaic packaging adhesive film, 113, a silicon plate, 114, a polyvinyl fluoride film, 115, a photovoltaic packaging adhesive film, 12, a phase change material layer, 121, a fluid temperature control channel, 122, a phase change material, 123, an aluminum alloy container, 13, a gas flow channel, 14, an insulating layer, 15, a phase change wall body, 2, a power collection system, 21, a photovoltaic controller, 22, a storage battery, 23, a photovoltaic inverter, 3, a temperature control system, 31, a temperature control pipeline, 32, a temperature measuring element, 33, a supplementary pump, 34, a heat preservation water tank, 35, a flow measurement and control element, 36, a heat exchange device, 37, a power element, 38, a fluid storage tank, 4, a ventilation system, 41, a ventilation opening (A-F), 42, a fan, 51-53 and a temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the embodiment provides a photovoltaic/thermal building integrated phase-change temperature control system based on a prefabricated composite wall, which comprises a photovoltaic/thermal composite wall 1 integrating phase-change materials, a power collection system 2, a temperature control system 3 and a ventilation system 4, wherein the photovoltaic/thermal composite wall 1 integrating the phase-change materials comprises a photovoltaic module 11, a phase-change material layer 12, a gas flow channel 13, a heat preservation layer 14 and a phase-change wall 15, a fluid temperature control channel 121 is arranged in the phase-change material layer 12, and the temperature control system 3 comprises a temperature control pipeline 31, a temperature measuring element 32, a flow measurement and control element 35, a heat exchange device 36, a power element 37 and a fluid storage box 38; one end of a heat exchange device 36 in the temperature control system 3 is connected with one end of a fluid temperature control channel 121 in the phase change material layer 12 through a temperature control pipeline 31, the other end of the heat exchange device 36 is sequentially connected with a power element 37, a fluid storage box 38 and a flow measurement and control element 35 through the temperature control pipeline 31, and then is connected with the other end of the fluid temperature control channel 121 to form a temperature control fluid loop, and temperature measurement elements 32 are arranged on the temperature control pipelines 31 at two ends of the heat exchange device 36.
The upper side of the phase change material layer 12 is connected with the photovoltaic module 11 through heat conduction glue, the lower side is provided with the heat preservation layer 14 and the phase change wall 15, and a gas flow passage 13 is arranged between the phase change material layer 12 and the heat preservation layer 14.
The photovoltaic module 11 is composed of photovoltaic glass 111, a photovoltaic packaging adhesive film 112, a silicon plate 113, a polyvinyl fluoride film 114 and a photovoltaic packaging adhesive film 115 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The photovoltaic glass 111 serves as a transparent protective layer that transmits sunlight onto the silicon plate 113, preventing the photovoltaic module from being affected by external environments such as wind, rain, and dust. The photovoltaic packaging adhesive film 112 and the photovoltaic packaging adhesive film 115 are used for packaging the photovoltaic cells, protecting the photovoltaic cells from moisture and pollutants, and stabilizing the photovoltaic cells from movement or damage. The silicon plate 113 is a core part of a photovoltaic cell, and photons excite electrons in silicon under sunlight irradiation to generate current, so that solar energy is converted into electric energy. The polyvinyl fluoride film 114 is typically located at the bottom of the silicon plate to help reflect sunlight onto the silicon plate 113 to improve photovoltaic cell efficiency and to act as an insulator to prevent electrical current from shorting between the photovoltaic cell and other components.
The phase change material layer 12 comprises a fluid temperature control channel 121, a phase change material 122 with stable shape and an aluminum alloy container 123, wherein the phase change material 122 is packaged in the aluminum alloy container 123, the aluminum alloy container 123 is glued with the photovoltaic module 11 through heat conducting glue, the heat conductivity of the heat conducting glue is high, the heat loss during heat transfer among different materials is reduced, and the efficient heat transfer is realized. The fluid temperature control channel 121 is embedded in the phase change material 122. To meet the heat storage requirements of a single cycle of absorbing solar radiation, the thickness of the phase change material 121 is selected in the range of 10-45 mm. Thinner layers increase the driving energy consumption of the cooling fluid, while thicker layers may lead to a reduction in heat utilization efficiency, thus requiring economic analysis to determine the optimal thickness. According to the research under laboratory conditions, the yield of the photovoltaic module can be improved by 0.35-0.40% when the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃. The phase change material should be carefully set to ensure that the comfort of the room temperature is not affected, and the phase change temperature is typically controlled between 20-25 c. Common phase change materials include inorganic salts, fatty acids, waxes, and the like, which are relatively economical. The phase change materials can be prepared by physical adsorption, microcapsule encapsulation and other methods, and the phase change materials after encapsulation have the advantages that the problem of internal heat convection caused by solid-liquid phase change region partition does not occur, so that the problem of uneven temperature distribution of the contact surface of the phase change material layer and the photovoltaic module is solved.
A fluid temperature control channel 121 is arranged in the phase change material layer 12 for controlling the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module, and particularly when the solar radiation energy absorbed by the photovoltaic module is higher than the latent heat of the phase change material, the heat stored in the phase change material is absorbed by the cooling fluid, so that the energy storage effect of the phase change material is recovered. Preferably, the fluid temperature control channel 121 is a finned tube having both inner fins and outer fins, the inner fins causing turbulence in the fluid in the tube, enhancing the heat transfer effect so that the temperature control fluid takes away more heat; the external fins increase the contact area of the pipeline and the phase change material, and the heat transfer effect between the pipeline and the phase change material layer 12 is enhanced. Fig. 3-4 illustrate the shape and distribution of the fluid temperature control channels 121 embedded in the phase change material layer 12. The temperature control fluid inlet is arranged above the power element 32, so that the temperature control fluid flows under the action of gravity, and the output power of the power element is reduced. The temperature control fluid is preferably nano-fluid, and related researches show that the nano-fluid has a heat transfer effect obviously improved compared with the base fluid by adding nano-particles with high heat conductivity into the base fluid.
The gas flow channel 13 communicates with the ventilation system 4. The design of the gas flow channel considers the effect of heat convection and floating force of high-temperature gas. When the gas is heated, the molecules of the gas can increase thermal motion, so that the volume of the gas is expanded, the density is reduced, the buoyancy of the gas is caused by the density difference, the hotter gas rises, the characteristic of the gas flow passage is fully utilized, and the energy consumed for pushing the indoor and outdoor air circulation is greatly reduced.
The phase-change wall 15 is a lightweight aggregate concrete wall integrated with phase-change materials, the phase-change materials with the phase-change temperature of 24-28 ℃ are adsorbed into porous ceramsite with the diameter of 2-25mm by using a physical adsorption method, and the exterior is packaged by silica sol to form the lightweight aggregate concrete. The phase-change wall body has the function of maintaining indoor temperature stability, and can be used for absorbing redundant heat and reducing indoor temperature when the indoor temperature is too high. And a heat insulation material is arranged between the gas flow passage and the phase change wall body and used for isolating heat transfer between the indoor and the phase change material layer and improving the controllability of indoor temperature. The size selection of the ceramsite needs to comprehensively consider the requirements of the mechanical property and the overall thermal property of the concrete. In general, the use of larger ceramsite may result in a decrease in the strength of the concrete, but smaller ceramsite stores less phase change material. Therefore, the choice of the size of the ceramsite needs to be balanced between these two factors to meet the requirements of a particular application.
The electric power collection system 2 comprises a photovoltaic controller 21, a storage battery 22 and a photovoltaic inverter 23, one end of the photovoltaic controller 21 is connected with the photovoltaic module 11, the other end of the photovoltaic controller is connected with the storage battery 22, electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module 11 is stored in the storage battery 22 through the photovoltaic controller 21 and used for building power supply requirements, and redundant electric energy is converted into alternating current through the photovoltaic inverter 23 and then is integrated into a power grid.
The heat exchange device 36 transfers thermal energy to the water by exchanging heat between the warmed fluid flowing through the wallboard and the water provided by the make-up pump. The water thus treated can be used to provide domestic hot indoor water while the cooled cooling fluid is again introduced into the building system for cooling the building. The reason for this design is that when the cooling fluid is designed as a heat-conducting reinforcing medium such as a nanofluid, it cannot be used directly as domestic hot water. The invention does not have clear requirements on the realization of the heat exchange device, and only needs to realize the effect.
The temperature control system 3 is also provided with a supplementary pump 33 and a heat preservation water tank 34. When the water in the heat exchange device 36 reaches a certain temperature, the water is stored in the heat preservation water tank 34, and the hot water in the heat preservation water tank 34 is directly used as domestic hot water for generating consumption; and the replenishment pump 33 is used for replenishing water, continuously exchanging heat with the warmed fluid.
The ventilation system 4 comprises a plurality of ventilation openings 41 and a fan 42, wherein the fan 42 is arranged at the connecting position of the roof and the external wall plate and is used for controlling air flow.
Based on the structural characteristics, the invention can realize the improvement of the electric efficiency and the overall efficiency of the building in summer and winter and achieve the aim of maintaining the indoor temperature comfort. Taking a summer hot and winter cold area as an example, the specific embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
based on the structural characteristics, the invention can realize the improvement of the electric efficiency and the overall efficiency of the building in summer and winter and achieve the aim of maintaining the indoor temperature comfort. The following is a description of a region with hot summer and cold winter.
1) Example 1:
as shown in fig. 5, during a sunny day in summer, the temperature of the photovoltaic backsheet gradually increases as solar radiation continues to act until the phase transition temperature is reached. At this time, the phase change material (for example, solid-liquid phase change material) starts to change phase, and the surplus heat is stored as latent heat. This process continues until the temperature sensor 51 of the photovoltaic backsheet detects a significant increase in temperature, at which point the phase change material has completely melted, triggering the system to automatically start the temperature control system.
The power element of the temperature control system, typically a hydraulic pump, provides power for driving the flow of the temperature control fluid. And after the pump is started, the nano temperature control fluid is conveyed into the temperature control flow channel. The flow measurement and control element monitors the pipeline flow, when the standard flow is reached, the pump runs at constant power, the temperature control fluid starts to absorb the heat stored by the phase change material, the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is reduced, and accordingly the electric power output is improved. In addition, the heated part of the temperature control fluid is stored in the heat preservation water tank, and can be used for indoor heating or providing hot water and other indoor purposes, thereby realizing the reutilization of energy sources. The generated electricity is used for indoor electricity, and the redundant electricity can be stored in a storage battery or integrated into a power grid.
When the temperature sensor 53 detects that the indoor temperature is higher than the comfort temperature of the human body, the system will activate the ventilation system. At this point, vents B and F are opened to encourage the hot air to rise and enter the roof air flow passage through vent F. After being cooled by the temperature control pipeline, cold air enters the room through the ventilation opening B so as to reduce the indoor temperature and maintain the stability of the indoor temperature. The vents A, C and E remain closed due to the high outdoor temperature, preventing ambient hot air from entering the room. The operation of this intelligent system helps to improve indoor comfort and reduce energy consumption.
2) Example 2:
as shown in fig. 6, the system automatically starts the ventilation system when the temperature sensor 52 detects that the outdoor temperature is lower than the indoor temperature sensor 53 at a clear night in summer. First, the system opens vents A, D, E and F, activates blower 42, introduces outdoor cold air from vent a into the building interior, one part directly enters the room through vent D, achieves a reduction in the indoor temperature, and the other part is delivered to the air flow path of the roof through blower 42, storing the cold in the roof phase change material layer. Meanwhile, the indoor hot air is released to the outside through the vent F, E, so that indoor and outdoor air circulation is realized, and the indoor air is kept fresh.
If the outdoor temperature rises, the system can automatically close the ventilation system, stop the introduction of outdoor air and start the temperature control system, and the cooling fluid is conveyed to the phase change material layer through the temperature control pipeline, so that the cooling capacity stored before the phase change material is released is caused, the indoor temperature is reduced, and meanwhile, the quality of indoor air is ensured. The waste of energy sources is reduced to the greatest extent, and the whole building system is more efficient and sustainable.
3) Example 3:
as shown in fig. 7, in a sunny day in winter, if the temperature sensor 53 detects that the indoor temperature is lower than the comfort temperature of the human body and the temperature sensor 52 detects that the outdoor temperature is higher than the indoor temperature sensor 53, the system intelligently exchanges indoor and outdoor air to provide a more comfortable indoor environment. At this point, the system opens indoor and outdoor vents, closes vents D and E, and simultaneously opens vents A, B, C and F. A part of the indoor air is discharged to the outside through the vent B, A, and another part is heat-exchanged with the phase change material layer through the gas flow passage. Outdoor air enters the fluid channel through the vent C, the heat released by the phase change material layer heats the outdoor air, the heated air rises due to temperature difference, and then enters the room through the vent F, so that the circulating flow of indoor air is realized, the indoor temperature is improved, and the indoor temperature is maintained in a comfortable range.
When the amount of solar radiation reaches a certain limit value, which results in the temperature sensor 51 detecting a significant temperature rise trend and exceeding the phase transition temperature, the phase change material is in a completely melted state. The system then starts the temperature control system, and the temperature control fluid absorbs and stores the heat in the phase change material so as to meet the indoor heat supply requirement. Meanwhile, the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module is reduced, and the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is improved. Through the intelligent system, the generated electric quantity can be used for meeting the operation requirement of the building, and the redundant electric quantity is stored in the storage battery, so that the zero-energy-consumption operation of the building is realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, and any person skilled in the art may make modifications or alterations to the disclosed technical content to the equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modification, equivalent variation and variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The photoelectric and photo-thermal building integrated phase-change temperature control system based on the prefabricated composite wall is characterized by comprising a photovoltaic/thermal composite wall body (1) integrating phase-change materials, an electric power collection system (2), a temperature control system (3) and a ventilation system (4), wherein the photovoltaic/thermal composite wall body (1) integrating the phase-change materials comprises a photovoltaic module (11), a phase-change material layer (12), a gas runner (13), an insulating layer (14) and a phase-change wall body (15), a fluid temperature control channel (121) is arranged in the phase-change material layer (12), and the temperature control system (3) comprises a temperature control pipeline (31), a temperature measuring element (32), a flow measurement and control element (35), a heat exchange device (36), a power element (37) and a fluid storage box (38); one end of a heat exchange device (36) in the temperature control system (3) is connected with one end of a fluid temperature control channel (121) in the phase change material layer (12) through a temperature control pipeline (31), the other end of the heat exchange device (36) is sequentially connected with a power element (37), a fluid storage box (38) and a flow measurement and control element (35) through the temperature control pipeline (31), and then is connected with the other end of the fluid temperature control channel (121) to form a temperature control fluid loop, and temperature measurement elements (32) are arranged on the temperature control pipelines (31) at two ends of the heat exchange device (36).
2. The photoelectric and photo-thermal building integrated phase-change temperature control system based on the prefabricated composite wall body according to claim 1, wherein the upper side of the phase-change material layer (12) is connected with the photovoltaic module (11) through heat-conducting glue, the lower side of the phase-change material layer is provided with the heat-insulating layer (14) and the phase-change wall body (15), and a gas flow passage (13) is arranged between the phase-change material layer (12) and the heat-insulating layer (14).
3. The integrated phase change temperature control system for the photovoltaic and thermal building based on the prefabricated composite wall body according to claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic component (11) is composed of photovoltaic glass (111), a photovoltaic packaging adhesive film (112), a silicon plate (113), a polyvinyl fluoride film (114) and a photovoltaic packaging adhesive film (115) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
4. The integrated phase change temperature control system for a photoelectric and photo-thermal building based on a prefabricated composite wall according to claim 1, wherein the phase change material layer (12) comprises a fluid temperature control channel (121), a phase change material (122) with stable shape and an aluminum alloy container (123), the phase change material (122) is packaged in the aluminum alloy container (123), and the aluminum alloy container (123) is glued with the photovoltaic component (11) through heat conducting glue; the fluid temperature control channel (121) is embedded in the phase change material (122), the thickness of the phase change material (121) is 10-45mm, and the phase change temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃.
5. The integrated phase change temperature control system for a photovoltaic and thermal building based on a prefabricated composite wall according to claim 4, wherein the fluid temperature control channel (121) is a finned pipeline, and the finned pipeline is provided with an inner fin or an outer fin or a combination of the two.
6. The integrated phase change temperature control system for the photoelectric and thermal building based on the prefabricated composite wall according to claim 1, wherein the gas flow passage (13) is communicated with the ventilation system (4).
7. The integrated phase-change temperature control system for the photoelectric and thermal building based on the prefabricated composite wall body according to claim 1, wherein the phase-change wall body (15) is a lightweight aggregate concrete wall integrated with phase-change materials, the phase-change materials with the phase-change temperature of 24-28 ℃ are adsorbed into porous ceramsite with the diameter of 2-25mm by a physical adsorption method, and the lightweight aggregate concrete is formed by packaging the outside with silica sol.
8. The integrated phase-change temperature control system for the photoelectric and photo-thermal building based on the prefabricated composite wall body according to claim 1, wherein the power collection system (2) comprises a photovoltaic controller (21), a storage battery (22) and a photovoltaic inverter (23), one end of the photovoltaic controller (21) is connected with a photovoltaic module (11), the other end of the photovoltaic controller is connected with the storage battery (22), electric energy generated by the photovoltaic module (11) is stored in the storage battery (22) through the photovoltaic controller (21) and used for building power supply requirements, and redundant electric energy is converted into alternating current through the photovoltaic inverter (23) and then is integrated into a power grid.
9. The integrated phase change temperature control system for the photoelectric and thermal building based on the prefabricated composite wall body according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control system (3) is further provided with a supplementary pump (33) and a heat preservation water tank (34).
10. The integrated phase change temperature control system for the photoelectric and thermal building based on the prefabricated composite wall according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation system (4) comprises a plurality of ventilation openings (41) and fans (42), and the fans (42) are arranged at the connecting positions of the roof and the external wall panels and used for controlling air flow.
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