CN117564628A - High-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method and auxiliary tool - Google Patents

High-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method and auxiliary tool Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117564628A
CN117564628A CN202311853127.3A CN202311853127A CN117564628A CN 117564628 A CN117564628 A CN 117564628A CN 202311853127 A CN202311853127 A CN 202311853127A CN 117564628 A CN117564628 A CN 117564628A
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China
Prior art keywords
cylinder
plate
cylinder body
thick
wall
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Application number
CN202311853127.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
魏占超
林海燕
冷晓静
孙海涛
王楠
谢志永
路扬
宋春瑶
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He Qinhuangdao Heavy Equipment Co ltd
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He Qinhuangdao Heavy Equipment Co ltd
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Priority to CN202311853127.3A priority Critical patent/CN117564628A/en
Publication of CN117564628A publication Critical patent/CN117564628A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method and an auxiliary tool, which skillfully solve the problem of high precision requirement of a thick-wall cylinder by using a plate bending machine and simultaneously avoid the problem of circular seam welding and edge misplacement; the method comprises the steps of reserving a pre-bending straight edge when a thick-wall cylinder body is rolled; performing closing operation on the cylinder body in a secondary closing mode; stress relief heat treatment, and rounding by utilizing the temperature of the heat treatment; the stainless steel is deposited on the inner wall of the cylinder body, and is influenced by forming and welding deformation, so that the roundness of the end part does not meet the machining and assembling requirements, and the ovality of the end part of the cylinder body is adjusted by using the adjustable supporting device, so that the circular seam assembling misalignment requirement is met.

Description

High-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method and auxiliary tool
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forming thick-wall cylinders of pressure vessels for petroleum, chemical engineering and nuclear power, in particular to a high-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method and an auxiliary tool.
Background
In order to save manufacturing cost, a part of thick-wall cylinder is formed by rolling a forging into a plate, but the rolled cylinder is extremely easy to have the following defects:
the cylinder body has high required forming precision, stainless steel is required to be integrally deposited on the inner wall of the cylinder body, and the deformation after welding leads to the occurrence of misalignment with the seal head assembly, so that the product assembly and welding precision requirement cannot be met.
The existing cylinder rolling method is a pitch diameter unfolding and rounding method, namely, blanking is carried out according to the pitch diameter unfolding, and rounding is carried out on unreeled straight edge sections after welding. The method is mainly suitable for rolling the thin-wall cylinder body, and the welding seam of the thick-wall cylinder body has a prismatic angle which influences the subsequent assembly; when in rounding, strong pressing is adopted, so that the quality of a welding seam is affected, and the risk of cracking of the welding seam exists. The other is a die pre-bending method, namely after the middle diameter is unfolded and fed, the two ends of the die are matched with an oil press by adopting a special die, so that the two ends of the cylinder body are pre-bent according to the formed diameter, the die is suitable for thick-wall cylinder bodies, but limited by the size of the cylinder body, different dies are required to be matched, the applicability is low, the oil press is required to be matched, and the die pre-bending cost is high.
Based on the above-mentioned prior art situation and the precision requirement of the thick wall of the pressure vessel, the present inventors have made intensive studies on a method and an auxiliary device for forming a thick-wall cylinder, so as to expect to design a high-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method and an auxiliary tool capable of solving the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the inventor performs intensive research and designs a high-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method and an auxiliary tool, and the method skillfully solves the problem of high precision requirement of the thick-wall cylinder by using a plate bending machine, and simultaneously avoids the problem of circular seam welding and edge misplacement; the method comprises the steps of reserving a pre-bending straight edge when a thick-wall cylinder body is rolled; performing closing operation on the cylinder body in a secondary closing mode; stress relief heat treatment, and rounding by utilizing the temperature of the heat treatment; the stainless steel is deposited on the inner wall of the cylinder body, the roundness of the end part is not satisfied with the machining and assembling requirements due to the influence of forming and welding deformation, and the ovality of the end part of the cylinder body is regulated by using the adjustable supporting device so as to satisfy the staggered edge requirement of the circular seam assembly, thereby completing the invention.
Specifically, the invention aims to provide a high-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, reserving a pre-bending straight edge during blanking of a thick-wall cylinder;
step 2, adopting a secondary closing mode to perform closing operation on the plates to obtain a cylinder;
step 3, performing stress relief heat treatment on the cylinder, and calibrating the cylinder by using the temperature of the heat treatment;
and 4, overlaying stainless steel on the inner wall of the cylinder, and adjusting ovality of the end part of the cylinder by using an adjustable supporting device to enable the stainless steel to meet the staggered edge requirement of circular seam assembly.
In the step 1, when the thick-wall cylinder is fed, pre-bent straight edges are reserved at two ends after the thick-wall cylinder is unfolded according to the pitch diameter, and the width of the pre-bent straight edges is more than or equal to twice the wall thickness of the cylinder;
preferably, the blanking size is controlled, and the difference between the diagonals of the plates is not more than 2mm.
Wherein, the step 2 comprises the following sub-steps:
2-1, performing primary rolling forming on the plate by adopting a heavy plate rolling machine; when the two ends of the plate are pre-bent by the primary winding, measuring the radius of an inner arc of the plate near the longitudinal seam after the primary winding and pre-bending by adopting a template 1, and controlling the radius of the inner arc to be consistent with the inner radius of the formed cylinder;
step 2-2, measuring the size of the plate formed by the primary winding and calculating the extension of the plate;
2-3, removing the pre-bent straight edge of the plate; the method comprises the steps of processing and removing straight-edge allowance according to the positive tolerance of the size of the cylinder based on the extension of a plate and the size of the expected cylinder according to the inner circumference of the seal head required to be welded with the cylinder, and processing a longitudinal seam groove of the cylinder;
step 2-4, the plates are spliced into a cylinder body on a plate bending machine, and the two ends of the cylinder body are provided with welding door templates to adjust the staggered edges of the longitudinal joints, so that the loading points of the longitudinal joints are completed under the cooperation of the plate bending machine;
and 2-5, welding longitudinal seams of the cylinder body, and performing nondestructive inspection.
In the substep 2-1, before the primary winding forming, the two ends of the plate are marked with predicted longitudinal seam positions according to the expected cylinder size;
the vicinity of the longitudinal seam is a sheet area at least 300mm wide including the longitudinal seam.
One end of the template is a cambered surface, and the radius dimension corresponding to the cambered surface is consistent with the inner radius of the formed cylinder; therefore, the template can be attached to the inner wall surface of the plate, and the initial rolling degree of the current plate is judged by observing the attaching condition between the template and the inner wall of the plate.
In the step 3, the thermal stress generated by welding on the cylinder is eliminated by a heat treatment mode, the cylinder is air-cooled after the heat treatment, and when the temperature is cooled to be below 150 ℃, the cylinder is subjected to rounding treatment by a heavy plate bending machine;
preferably, after the cylinder is rounded, longitudinal joint nondestructive inspection is performed on the cylinder.
Wherein, in the process of the roundness correction, the temperature of the cylinder is controlled between 38 ℃ and 150 ℃.
In step 4, the adjustable supporting device comprises an annular supporting plate 2, wherein the inner diameter of the supporting plate 2 is larger than the outer diameter of the cylinder, and the supporting plate is sleeved outside the cylinder;
a plurality of jacks 3 are arranged between the supporting plate 2 and the cylinder body, and the axial directions of the jacks are all directed to the axial line of the cylinder body.
The jacks are uniformly distributed around the cylinder body, preferably, 16 jacks are arranged, each jack is independently controlled, and different acting forces can be provided for each jack according to shape requirements.
The invention also provides an auxiliary tool for forming the high-precision thick-wall cylinder, which comprises a template 1 and an adjustable supporting device;
the template 1 is used for checking the inner arc radius of the plate in time when the two ends of the plate are pre-bent in a primary winding manner;
the adjustable supporting device is used for adjusting ovality of the end part of the cylinder body so as to meet the staggered edge requirement of circular seam assembly.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the high-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method and the auxiliary tool provided by the invention, the pre-bent straight edge is reserved through the cylinder, and the heat treatment process is added before the circle correction, so that the problems of roundness and edge angle required by the high-precision cylinder are effectively solved, and the problem of the quality of the longitudinal joint of the cylinder is solved;
(2) According to the high-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method and the auxiliary tool provided by the invention, the cylinder and the jack are skillfully connected together by using the adjustable supporting device, so that the problems of deformation of the end part of the cylinder and circumferential seam beveling machine addition after surfacing of the inner wall of the cylinder are solved, the assembly of the cylinder and a sealing head circumferential seam is effectively ensured, the problem of the wrong edge of a thick-wall container is solved, the product quality is ensured, and the cylinder assembling and welding efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an overall logic diagram of a high precision thick-walled cylinder forming method of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the template in step 2-1 of the present application when the radius of the inner arc after the initial rolling and pre-bending of the plate is measured;
fig. 3 shows a schematic view of the structure of the adjustable support device when it is mounted on the cylinder.
Reference numerals
1-template
2-support plate
3-jack
4-plate
5-Pre-curved edge
6-longitudinal joint
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below by means of the figures and examples. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description.
The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Although various aspects of the embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
According to the high-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method provided by the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, reserving a pre-bending straight edge during blanking of a thick-wall cylinder;
preferably, in the step 1, when the thick-wall cylinder is fed, pre-bent straight edges 5 are reserved at both ends after being unfolded according to the pitch diameter, and the width of the pre-bent straight edges is greater than or equal to twice the wall thickness of the cylinder; the thick-walled cylinder as used herein refers to a cylinder having a wall thickness of 80mm or more.
Preferably, the blanking size is controlled, the difference between the diagonals of the plates is not more than 2mm, and the blanking size is strictly controlled to provide a material basis for obtaining the high-precision cylinder.
Step 2, adopting a secondary closing mode to perform closing operation on the plates to obtain a cylinder;
the step 2 comprises the following sub-steps:
2-1, performing primary rolling forming on the plate 4 by adopting a heavy plate rolling machine; when the two ends of the plate are pre-bent by primary rolling, measuring the radius of an inner arc of the plate near the longitudinal seam 6 after the primary rolling and pre-bending by adopting a template 1, controlling the radius of the inner arc to be consistent with the inner radius of the formed barrel, and further controlling the edge angle of the longitudinal seam; the initial rolling pre-bending can be performed at the two ends of the plate repeatedly for a plurality of times based on the measurement result; as shown in fig. 2;
step 2-2, measuring the size of the plate formed by the primary winding and calculating the extension of the plate; the plate is stretched or compressed in the pre-bending process, so that the circumferential dimension of the plate is changed, and a more accurate data basis can be provided for subsequent cutting of the plate after the plate expansion is obtained;
2-3, removing the pre-bent straight edge of the plate; the method comprises the steps of processing and removing straight-edge allowance according to the positive tolerance of the size of the cylinder based on the extension of a plate and the size of the expected cylinder according to the inner circumference of the seal head required to be welded with the cylinder, and processing a longitudinal seam groove of the cylinder;
step 2-4, the plates are spliced into a cylinder body on a plate bending machine, and the two ends of the cylinder body are provided with welding door templates to adjust the staggered edges of the longitudinal joints, so that the loading points of the longitudinal joints are completed under the cooperation of the plate bending machine; the mounting point is spot welding;
and 2-5, welding longitudinal seams of the cylinder body, and performing nondestructive inspection.
Preferably, in substep 2-1, the position of the predicted longitudinal seam 6 is marked on both ends of the sheet material, according to the intended cylinder size, before the preliminary coil forming; i.e. as shown in fig. 2, there are two longitudinal seam locations;
the vicinity of the longitudinal seam is a sheet material region at least 300mm wide including the longitudinal seam, and more preferably, the vicinity of the longitudinal seam includes sheet material regions each at least 100mm wide on both sides of the longitudinal seam.
Preferably, one end of the template 1 is an arc surface, and the radius dimension corresponding to the arc surface is consistent with the inner radius of the formed cylinder; therefore, the template can be attached to the inner wall surface of the plate, and the initial rolling degree of the current plate is judged by observing the attaching condition between the template and the inner wall of the plate.
Preferably, in the substep 2-4, the door template is a plate-shaped metal block, and can bear enough acting force, the door template is pushed by a jack or a hydraulic cylinder in an abutting manner along the axis direction of the cylinder, and the door template pushes and presses the side edge of the cylinder where the door template is located, so that the longitudinal joint misalignment amount of the cylinder is adjusted, and when the longitudinal joint misalignment amount meets the expectation, the door template is fixed by spot welding.
Step 3, performing stress relief heat treatment on the cylinder, and calibrating the cylinder by using the temperature of the heat treatment;
in the step 3, the thermal stress generated by welding on the cylinder is eliminated by a heat treatment mode, the cylinder is air-cooled after the heat treatment, and when the temperature is cooled to be below 150 ℃, the cylinder is subjected to rounding treatment by a heavy plate bending machine;
preferably, after the cylinder is rounded, longitudinal joint nondestructive inspection is performed on the cylinder.
Preferably, during the rounding process, the temperature of the cylinder is controlled between 38 ℃ and 150 ℃. By performing the rounding process in this temperature range, the rounding efficiency can be improved, and a cylindrical structure with higher roundness can be obtained. If the temperature is too high, the material properties are easy to change, the final barrel performance is affected, and if the temperature is too low, the rounding effect is poor, and the working efficiency is affected.
And 4, overlaying stainless steel on the inner wall of the cylinder body, which is influenced by forming and welding deformation, so that the roundness of the end part does not meet machining and assembling requirements, and adjusting the ovality of the end part of the cylinder body by using the adjustable supporting device, so that the processing of a circular seam groove of the cylinder body is effectively ensured, and meanwhile, the welding of the cylinder body and the sealing head is ensured to meet the staggered edge requirement of circular seam assembly.
In step 4, the adjustable supporting device comprises an annular supporting plate 2, wherein the inner diameter size of the supporting plate 2 is larger than the outer diameter size of the cylinder body, and the supporting plate 2 is sleeved outside the cylinder body;
a plurality of jacks 3 are arranged between the supporting plate 2 and the cylinder body, and the axial directions of the jacks are all directed to the axial line of the cylinder body.
Preferably, the jacks are uniformly distributed around the cylinder, preferably, 16 jacks are arranged, each jack is independently controlled, and different acting forces can be provided for each jack according to shape requirements.
The invention also provides an auxiliary tool for forming the high-precision thick-wall cylinder, which is characterized by comprising a template 1 and an adjustable supporting device;
the template 1 is used for checking the inner arc radius of the plate in time when the two ends of the plate are pre-bent in a primary winding manner;
the adjustable supporting device is used for adjusting ovality of the end part of the cylinder body so as to meet the staggered edge requirement of circular seam assembly.
Examples
Rolling a cylinder body of a nuclear power project pressure vessel, wherein the wall thickness of the cylinder body of the equipment is 78mm, the length of the cylinder body is 4000mm, the inner diameter of the cylinder body is 3500mm, and stainless steel is deposited on the inner wall of the cylinder body after rolling;
the roll forming process specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, reserving pre-bent straight edges at two ends of a thick-wall cylinder body during blanking; the width of the pre-bent straight edge is about 300mm;
and the difference between the diagonals of the plates obtained by measurement and control of blanking is not more than 2mm.
Step 2, adopting a secondary closing mode to perform closing operation on the plates to obtain a cylinder; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
2-1, performing primary rolling forming on the plate by adopting a heavy plate rolling machine; when the two ends of the plate are pre-bent by initial rolling, measuring the radius of an inner arc of the plate near the longitudinal seam 6 by adopting a template 1 shown in fig. 2 after initial rolling and pre-bending, and controlling the radius of the inner arc to be consistent with the inner radius of the formed cylinder; the vicinity of the longitudinal seam is a plate area 150mm wide on both sides of the longitudinal seam;
step 2-2, measuring the size of the plate formed by the primary winding and calculating the extension of the plate;
2-3, removing the pre-bent straight edge of the plate;
step 2-4, the plates are spliced into a cylinder body on a plate bending machine, and the two ends of the cylinder body are provided with welding door templates to adjust the staggered edges of the longitudinal joints, so that the loading points of the longitudinal joints are completed under the cooperation of the plate bending machine;
and 2-5, welding longitudinal seams of the cylinder body, and performing nondestructive inspection.
Step 3, performing stress relief heat treatment on the cylinder, air-cooling the cylinder after the heat treatment, and performing rounding treatment on the cylinder by a heavy plate bending machine when the temperature is cooled to be below 150 ℃;
and after the cylinder body is rounded, performing longitudinal seam nondestructive inspection on the cylinder body.
And 4, overlaying stainless steel on the inner wall of the cylinder body, which is influenced by forming and welding deformation, so that the roundness of the end part does not meet machining and assembling requirements, and adjusting the ovality of the end part of the cylinder body by using the adjustable supporting device shown in fig. 3, so that the processing of a circular seam groove of the cylinder body is effectively ensured, and meanwhile, the assembly welding of the cylinder body and the sealing head is ensured to meet the staggered edge requirement of circular seam assembly.
The product cylinder is obtained after the operation is completed, the dimensional accuracy of the product cylinder is detected and measured in all directions, the roundness of the two ends of the cylinder is smaller than 6mm, and the dimensional data completely meets the design requirement. And can weld with the head fast, and welded welding quality is good, satisfies the design requirement.
According to the embodiment, the high-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method and the auxiliary tool provided by the application can quickly and reliably obtain the rolled pressure container with expected size and performance.
The invention has been described above in connection with preferred embodiments, which are, however, exemplary only and for illustrative purposes. On this basis, the invention can be subjected to various substitutions and improvements, and all fall within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The high-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, reserving a pre-bending straight edge during blanking of a thick-wall cylinder;
step 2, adopting a secondary closing mode to perform closing operation on the plates to obtain a cylinder;
step 3, performing stress relief heat treatment on the cylinder, and calibrating the cylinder by using the temperature of the heat treatment;
and 4, overlaying stainless steel on the inner wall of the cylinder, and adjusting ovality of the end part of the cylinder by using an adjustable supporting device to enable the stainless steel to meet the staggered edge requirement of circular seam assembly.
2. The method for forming a high-precision thick-walled cylinder according to claim 1,
in the step 1, when the thick-wall cylinder is fed, pre-bent straight edges are reserved at two ends after the thick-wall cylinder is unfolded according to the pitch diameter, and the width of the pre-bent straight edges is more than or equal to twice the wall thickness of the cylinder;
preferably, the blanking size is controlled, and the difference between the diagonals of the plates is not more than 2mm.
3. The method for forming a high-precision thick-walled cylinder according to claim 1,
the step 2 comprises the following sub-steps:
2-1, performing primary rolling forming on the plate by adopting a heavy plate rolling machine; when the two ends of the plate are pre-bent by primary winding, measuring the inner arc radius of the plate near the longitudinal seam after the primary winding and pre-bending by adopting a template (1), and controlling the inner arc radius to be consistent with the inner radius of the formed cylinder;
step 2-2, measuring the size of the plate formed by the primary winding and calculating the extension of the plate;
2-3, removing the pre-bent straight edge of the plate; the method comprises the steps of processing and removing straight-edge allowance according to the positive tolerance of the size of the cylinder based on the extension of a plate and the size of the expected cylinder according to the inner circumference of the seal head required to be welded with the cylinder, and processing a longitudinal seam groove of the cylinder;
step 2-4, the plates are spliced into a cylinder body on a plate bending machine, and the two ends of the cylinder body are provided with welding door templates to adjust the staggered edges of the longitudinal joints, so that the loading points of the longitudinal joints are completed under the cooperation of the plate bending machine;
and 2-5, welding longitudinal seams of the cylinder body, and performing nondestructive inspection.
4. The method for forming a high-precision thick-walled cylinder according to claim 3,
in sub-step 2-1, marking the predicted longitudinal seam positions at both ends of the sheet material according to the expected cylinder size before the primary coil forming;
the vicinity of the longitudinal seam is a sheet area at least 300mm wide including the longitudinal seam.
5. The method for forming a high-precision thick-walled cylinder according to claim 3,
one end of the template is a cambered surface, and the radius dimension corresponding to the cambered surface is consistent with the inner radius of the formed cylinder; therefore, the template can be attached to the inner wall surface of the plate, and the initial rolling degree of the current plate is judged by observing the attaching condition between the template and the inner wall of the plate.
6. The method for forming a high-precision thick-walled cylinder according to claim 1,
in the step 3, the thermal stress generated by welding on the cylinder is eliminated by a heat treatment mode, the cylinder is air-cooled after the heat treatment, and when the temperature is cooled to be below 150 ℃, the cylinder is subjected to rounding treatment by a heavy plate bending machine;
preferably, after the cylinder is rounded, longitudinal joint nondestructive inspection is performed on the cylinder.
7. The method for forming a high-precision thick-walled cylinder according to claim 6,
in the process of the rounding treatment, the temperature of the cylinder body is controlled between 38 ℃ and 150 ℃.
8. The method for forming a high-precision thick-walled cylinder according to claim 1,
in step 4, the adjustable supporting device comprises an annular supporting plate (2), wherein the inner diameter size of the supporting plate (2) is larger than the outer diameter size of the cylinder body, and the supporting plate is sleeved outside the cylinder body;
a plurality of jacks (3) are arranged between the supporting plate (2) and the cylinder body, and the axial directions of the jacks are all directed to the axial line of the cylinder body.
9. The method for forming a high-precision thick-walled cylinder according to claim 8,
the jacks are uniformly distributed around the cylinder body, preferably, 16 jacks are arranged, each jack is independently controlled, and different acting forces can be provided for each jack according to shape requirements.
10. An auxiliary tool for forming a high-precision thick-wall cylinder body is characterized by comprising a template (1) and an adjustable supporting device;
the template (1) is used for checking the inner arc radius of the plate in time when the two ends of the plate are pre-bent in a primary winding manner;
the adjustable supporting device is used for adjusting ovality of the end part of the cylinder body so as to meet the staggered edge requirement of circular seam assembly.
CN202311853127.3A 2023-12-29 2023-12-29 High-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method and auxiliary tool Pending CN117564628A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311853127.3A CN117564628A (en) 2023-12-29 2023-12-29 High-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method and auxiliary tool

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311853127.3A CN117564628A (en) 2023-12-29 2023-12-29 High-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method and auxiliary tool

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN117564628A true CN117564628A (en) 2024-02-20

Family

ID=89886437

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202311853127.3A Pending CN117564628A (en) 2023-12-29 2023-12-29 High-precision thick-wall cylinder forming method and auxiliary tool

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN117564628A (en)

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