CN117562244A - A method for preparing low-fat mayonnaise stabilized with ice yolk - Google Patents

A method for preparing low-fat mayonnaise stabilized with ice yolk Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117562244A
CN117562244A CN202311687499.3A CN202311687499A CN117562244A CN 117562244 A CN117562244 A CN 117562244A CN 202311687499 A CN202311687499 A CN 202311687499A CN 117562244 A CN117562244 A CN 117562244A
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China
Prior art keywords
yolk
mayonnaise
ice
fat
egg
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CN202311687499.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
马艳秋
张佳佳
迟玉杰
张华江
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Northeast Agricultural University
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Northeast Agricultural University
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Priority to CN202311687499.3A priority Critical patent/CN117562244A/en
Publication of CN117562244A publication Critical patent/CN117562244A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/60Salad dressings; Mayonnaise; Ketchup
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L15/00Egg products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L15/25Addition or treatment with microorganisms or enzymes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Seasonings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing and storage, and provides a preparation method of low-fat mayonnaise with stable ice yolk, which comprises the steps of adding proteolytic enzyme to carry out enzymolysis on yolk, inhibiting gelation of the ice yolk, improving functional properties of the ice yolk, and carrying out enzymolysis on the ice yolk to obtain the raw material, and optimizing a processing technology by improving a formula and combining the processing technology. The product uses proteolytic enzyme to freeze-protect yolk, inhibits the freeze denaturation of yolk protein and the gelation of ice yolk, so as to solve the problem of processing mayonnaise with ice yolk. The invention solves the problems that the ice yolk is difficult to mix with other raw materials in the making process of mayonnaise and the stability of the finished product is poor. The invention provides theoretical guidance for the mass production of mayonnaise.

Description

A method for preparing low-fat mayonnaise stabilized with ice yolk
Technical Field
The invention provides a preparation method of low-fat mayonnaise stabilized by ice yolk, belonging to the technical field of agricultural product processing and storage.
Background
Mayonnaise is one of the most widely used sauces or condiments in the world today. It is a semi-solid O/W emulsion, which is made up by using yolk, vinegar, oil and other optional flavouring material, and its fat content is greater than or equal to 65%, belonging to high-fat food. Egg yolk is an important factor in stabilizing mayonnaise and enhancing its organoleptic properties. The current popularity of mayonnaise in developed countries is high, and the health problems associated with high-fat foods have led to a further expansion of the need for low-fat mayonnaise as global consumer concepts change and market demand increases. Therefore, the processing scale of low-fat mayonnaise has been increased, and the number of raw materials and storage have been demanded to be increased. Fat substitutes have been widely used in low energy foods and some studies have found that soy protein isolate, lipid modified starch, and the like, as fat substitutes, can provide mayonnaise with good flavor and mouthfeel. The protein-based fat substitute reduces the fat content by the creaminess of the quasi-fat, has rich protein types of egg white and has good gel property. Meanwhile, the frozen egg has the advantages of simple preparation process, maximum preservation of the nutritive value of fresh eggs, easy transportation and storage, long shelf life and the like, and is one of the preferred raw materials for mass production of mayonnaise.
The hardness of mayonnaise prepared using ice yolk is significantly higher than that of fresh yolk, but its stability is adversely affected. This phenomenon results from the gelation of egg yolk after freeze thawing.
The egg yolk can be gelled after frozen and thawed, namely, irreversible apparent viscosity is increased, so that egg yolk liquid is difficult to mix with other food components, thawing time is prolonged, and even the functional properties of the egg yolk are changed, and the quality change can seriously affect the production and the preparation of mayonnaise. Therefore, the improvement of the storage quality of the ice mayonnaise and the improvement of the production process of the mayonnaise are of great importance for the mass production and production of the mayonnaise.
At present, the ice yolk used for producing mayonnaise by enterprises is mainly sugar-added ice yolk and salted ice yolk, and the gelation of the ice yolk can be effectively inhibited by adding 10% of sodium chloride or sucrose into yolk liquid. However, with the increasing health awareness of people, high-sugar and high-salt foods have not met the diet concept of most consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to study healthier and effective means to inhibit the gelation of the frozen yolk and further to improve the processing characteristics of the frozen yolk, so that the frozen yolk can be better applied to the field of mayonnaise processing and production. There is no patent specifically directed to improving the stability of low fat mayonnaise prepared from ice cream by material and process improvements, and the inventors of the present application have therefore filed this application.
Disclosure of Invention
1. The present invention is directed to a method for enhancing the preparation of low fat mayonnaise from frozen egg yolk by freezing the same
The protection and the inhibition of the freeze denaturation of egg yolk proteins during the freezing storage, thereby improving the functional properties of the ice egg yolk, being beneficial to the application of the ice egg yolk in the mayonnaise industry and the expansion of the industrial scale of the mayonnaise.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
fat replacers were prepared by the following method: mixing egg white solution with certain concentration with citric acid to neutrality, homogenizing, heating in water bath to gel, immediately ice-bathing, and micronizing to obtain fat substitute.
A low fat mayonnaise stabilized with ice cream is prepared by the following method:
(1) Selecting commercial fresh eggs, cleaning and sterilizing, beating eggs to remove egg white, laces and yolk membranes, and stirring yolk liquid at 300-400r/min for 15-20min to obtain uniform yolk liquid.
(2) Pasteurizing the homogeneous yolk liquid obtained in the step (1) at 63.5deg.C for 120s.
(3) And (3) adding proteolytic enzyme into the pasteurized yolk liquid obtained in the step (2), hydrolyzing at a proper temperature, and rotating at a speed of 300-400r/min.
(4) And (3) placing the enzymolysis yolk liquid obtained in the step (3) into a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 18 ℃ for freezing and storing to prepare the frozen-resistant yolk.
(5) And (3) thawing the frozen eggs Huang Quchu obtained in the step (4) at room temperature, weighing, and weighing egg white fat substitutes, vegetable oil, vinegar, salt, white sugar, monosodium glutamate and spices according to a certain proportion.
(6) Pouring the egg yolk liquid weighed in the step (5) and condiments (except oil and vinegar) into a clean container, and whipping the egg yolk and condiments by using a whipping machine. Vegetable oil is added in the stirring process for a small amount for many times, and after the yolk mixed material becomes viscous, the vegetable oil and the table vinegar are alternately added until the mixed material is completely stirred uniformly.
(7) Homogenizing the mayonnaise primary product obtained in the step (6) into paste by a colloid mill, and placing into a sealing tank to obtain the final product.
2. The method for preparing a low fat mayonnaise stabilized with ice cream according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme used in the step (3) is neutral protease, the addition amount is 0.01% -0.1%, the temperature is 54-56 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 5-20min.
3. The method for preparing a low fat mayonnaise stabilized with ice cream according to claim 1, wherein the mayonnaise in step (5) is formulated with egg white fat substitute (34%), vegetable oil (34%), egg yolk (14%), vinegar (12%), table salt (1.5%) white sugar (2.5%), monosodium glutamate (0.5%) and spices (1.5%).
Analysis method
Determination of the viscosity: the non-enzymatically hydrolyzed ice yolk prepared mayonnaise and the enzymatically hydrolyzed ice yolk prepared mayonnaise were measured with a digital display viscometer using a number S64 spindle at a speed of 5r/min, 3 replicates each time, and the average was calculated.
Sensory evaluation: 10 persons with food expertise and certain working experience in the baking industry are selected, 7 sensory indexes of color, form, taste, flavor, granular feel, sticky feel and smooth feel are selected for mayonnaise samples according to a scoring standard, comprehensive scoring is carried out from the 7 aspects, and each full score is calculated by 15 minutes.
Table 1 mayonnaise sensory evaluation table
Drawings
TABLE 2 comparison of mayonnaise viscosity at different degrees of enzymolysis
Group of viscosity/(Pa.s) Group of viscosity/(Pa.s)
Non-enzymatically hydrolyzed full fat mayonnaise 43.55±2.59 Non-enzymatic low fat mayonnaise 37.35±3.46
Full-fat mayonnaise with enzymolysis time of 5min 46.47±3.38 Low-fat mayonnaise with enzymolysis time of 5min 40.55±3.57
Full-fat mayonnaise with enzymolysis time of 10min 55.76±2.33 Low-fat mayonnaise with enzymolysis time of 10min 45.33±4.34
Full-fat mayonnaise with enzymolysis time of 15min 65.28±4.68 Low-fat mayonnaise with enzymolysis time of 15min 63.55±3.89
Table 2 shows that the viscosity of the mayonnaise prepared from frozen yolk subjected to proteolytic enzyme treatment is remarkably improved, and the mayonnaise prepared from the frozen yolk subjected to proteolytic enzyme treatment is beneficial to industrial production.
FIG. 1 is a linear graph of the viscosity of mayonnaise prepared from ice yolk with varying degrees of enzymolysis
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the longer the enzymolysis time, the higher the mayonnaise viscosity, within a certain range.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a sensory evaluation radar of the preparation of mayonnaise from ice cream of varying degrees of enzymolysis (left: full fat mayonnaise; right: low fat mayonnaise); FIG. 3 is an overall evaluation of the preparation of mayonnaise from ice cream of varying degrees of enzymolysis.
From fig. 2 and 3, it can be seen that the sensory evaluation of the enzymatically hydrolyzed mayonnaise is generally superior to that of the non-enzymatically hydrolyzed mayonnaise, and that the mayonnaise with an enzymatic hydrolysis time of 5min has the highest overall score.
The invention achieves good effects:
(1) The egg yolk liquid is hydrolyzed by the protease, so that the phenomenon that the viscosity of egg yolk is increased sharply due to freeze thawing treatment is greatly reduced, the gelation of the frozen egg yolk is inhibited, the emulsifying property of the frozen egg yolk is improved, the frozen egg yolk is beneficial to being widely applied to the food industry, various adverse factors in the processing process of shell eggs are solved, and the production cost is reduced.
(2) The mayonnaise is prepared by taking the enzyme-hydrolyzed ice yolk as the raw material, so that the viscosity of the mayonnaise is improved, the structural property of the mayonnaise is improved, and meanwhile, the overall feeling and the acceptability of the mayonnaise are improved, thereby being beneficial to the popularization of the mayonnaise.
(3) The contents of salt, sugar and the like in the mayonnaise (originally used for improving the emulsifying property of egg yolk) are reduced, and the requirements of consumers on low-sugar and low-salt foods are met to a certain extent.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme is applied to large-scale mayonnaise production, and the key steps are the addition of proteolytic enzyme, the addition method of proteolytic enzyme and the respective proportions of raw materials.
Example 1
The preparation method of the fat substitute comprises the following steps: adjusting pH of 10% egg white solution to 7.0 with citric acid, homogenizing at 12000rpm for 1min, heating in water bath at 90deg.C for 45min, immediately ice-bathing after gel formation, and micronizing for 10min to obtain fat substitute.
A method of making a low fat mayonnaise comprising the steps of:
(1) Selecting commercial fresh eggs, cleaning and sterilizing, beating eggs to remove egg white, laces and yolk membranes, and stirring yolk liquid at 300-400r/min for 15-20min to obtain uniform yolk liquid.
(2) Pasteurizing the homogeneous yolk liquid obtained in the step (1) at 63.5deg.C for 120s.
(3) And (3) adding 0.05% -0.1% of neutral protease (Serratia peptidase) into the pasteurized egg yolk liquid obtained in the step (2), stirring at a proper temperature (55 ℃) and a rotating speed of 300-400r/min for 15-20min, and carrying out enzymolysis.
(4) And (3) placing the enzymolysis yolk liquid obtained in the step (3) into a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 18 ℃ for freezing and storing to prepare the frozen-resistant yolk.
(5) Thawing the frozen eggs Huang Quchu obtained in the step (4) at room temperature, weighing, and weighing egg white fat substitute with the oil substitution level of 50%, vegetable oil, table vinegar, salt, white sugar, monosodium glutamate and spice.
(6) Pouring the egg yolk liquid weighed in the step (5) and condiments (except oil and vinegar) into a clean container, and whipping the egg yolk and condiments by using a whipping machine. Vegetable oil is added in the stirring process for a small amount for many times, and after the yolk mixed material becomes viscous, the vegetable oil and the table vinegar are alternately added until the mixed material is completely stirred uniformly.
(7) Homogenizing the mayonnaise primary product obtained in the step (6) into paste by a colloid mill, and placing into a sealing tank to obtain the final product.

Claims (3)

1. A method for preparing a low fat mayonnaise stabilized with ice cream, characterized in that the mayonnaise is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) Selecting commercial fresh eggs, cleaning and sterilizing, beating eggs to remove egg white, laces and yolk membranes, and stirring yolk liquid at 300-400r/min for 15-20min to obtain uniform yolk liquid.
(2) Pasteurizing the homogeneous yolk liquid obtained in the step (1) at 63.5deg.C for 120s.
(3) And (3) adding proteolytic enzyme into the pasteurized yolk liquid obtained in the step (2), hydrolyzing at a proper temperature, and rotating at a speed of 300-400r/min.
(4) And (3) placing the enzymolysis yolk liquid obtained in the step (3) into a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 18 ℃ for freezing and storing to prepare the frozen-resistant yolk.
(5) And (3) thawing the frozen eggs Huang Quchu obtained in the step (4) at room temperature, weighing, and weighing egg white fat substitutes, vegetable oil, vinegar, salt, white sugar, monosodium glutamate and spices according to a certain proportion.
(6) Pouring the egg yolk liquid weighed in the step (5) and condiments (except oil and vinegar) into a clean container, and whipping the egg yolk and condiments by using a whipping machine. Vegetable oil is added in the stirring process for a small amount for many times, and after the yolk mixed material becomes viscous, the vegetable oil and the table vinegar are alternately added until the mixed material is completely stirred uniformly.
(7) Homogenizing the mayonnaise primary product obtained in the step (6) into paste by a colloid mill, and placing into a sealing tank to obtain the final product.
2. The method for preparing a low fat mayonnaise stabilized with ice cream according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme used in the step (3) is neutral protease, the addition amount is 0.01% -0.1%, the temperature is 54-56 ℃, and the enzymolysis time is 5-20min.
3. The method for preparing a low fat mayonnaise stabilized with ice cream according to claim 1, wherein the mayonnaise in step (5) is formulated with egg white fat substitute (34%), vegetable oil (34%), egg yolk (14%), vinegar (12%), table salt (1.5%) white sugar (2.5%), monosodium glutamate (0.5%) and spices (1.5%).
CN202311687499.3A 2023-12-08 2023-12-08 A method for preparing low-fat mayonnaise stabilized with ice yolk Pending CN117562244A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311687499.3A CN117562244A (en) 2023-12-08 2023-12-08 A method for preparing low-fat mayonnaise stabilized with ice yolk

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311687499.3A CN117562244A (en) 2023-12-08 2023-12-08 A method for preparing low-fat mayonnaise stabilized with ice yolk

Publications (1)

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CN117562244A true CN117562244A (en) 2024-02-20

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