CN117556182A - SOH calculation method and application thereof - Google Patents
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a calculation method of SOH and application thereof. The calculation method of SOH comprises the following steps: obtaining the voltage V 1 Charged to a voltage V 2 And obtain the voltage V 1 To voltage V 2 The interval capacity is an average value X of the percentages of the total charging capacity, and then the overall charging capacity Z of the battery is calculated, wherein Z=Y/X; calculating the overall discharge capacity a of the battery, wherein a=z×e, E being the charge-discharge efficiency; SOH was calculated, where soh=a/b×100%, and B is the initial discharge capacity of the battery. The method uses a certain voltage intervalThe capacity of the battery is used for estimating the whole charge/discharge capacity, and the battery can be used for SOH calculation under the floating charge working condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a calculation method of SOH and application thereof.
Background
SOH (state of health) is used to react to the degree of decay in the cell capacity.
There are two general methods for measuring SOH:
(1) The SOH is calculated using the ratio of the actual capacity to the design capacity, i.e.:
(2) The SOH is calculated using the ratio of the actual number of cycles to the design cycle life: assuming a designed cycle life of the battery of 500 weeks @80% capacity (i.e., the battery capacity after 500 weeks remains only 80% of the initial capacity), the default capacity of the cell decays in a fixed proportion after each cycle until the capacity decay of the cell is the initial 80% after 500 weeks of cycles. Under the logic, the SOH calculation method of the battery cell comprises the following steps:
however, there is a problem with the two methods described above in performing SOH calculations. When the working condition of the battery cell is long-term floating charge (the floating charge refers to that the battery cell is connected at two ends of a voltage source in parallel for a long time), especially for the application in the field of standby power, the battery cell may not have a complete charge and discharge in the whole life cycle, but the available capacity of the battery cell is actually in a decline along with the extension of the storage time of the battery cell. Under the floating charge condition, the discharge capacity of the battery cell cannot be counted by using a conventional method, namely, the SOH of the battery cell cannot be estimated by using the two calculation methods.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The first objective of the present invention is to provide a method for calculating SOH, which uses the capacity of a certain voltage interval to estimate the overall charge/discharge capacity, and can be used for calculating SOH under a floating charge condition, so as to solve the problem that the conventional method cannot be used for calculating SOH due to the fact that the battery cell is not fully charged or discharged under the floating charge condition.
A second object of the present invention is to provide an application of the SOH calculation method in a battery and an electric device.
In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the following technical solutions are specifically adopted:
the invention firstly provides a calculation method of SOH, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining the voltage V 1 Charged to a voltage V 2 And obtain the voltage V 1 To voltage V 2 The interval capacity is an average value X of the percentages of the total charging capacity, and then the overall charging capacity Z of the battery is calculated, wherein Z=Y/X;
calculating the overall discharge capacity a of the battery, wherein a=z×e, E being the charge-discharge efficiency;
the SOH was calculated, where soh=a/b×100%, and B is the initial discharge capacity of the battery.
Further, the slave voltage V is obtained by a battery management system 1 Charged to a voltage V 2 Is set, the actual capacity Y of (c).
Further, the voltage V 1 To voltage V 2 The method for obtaining the average value X of the interval capacity in percentage of the total charging capacity comprises the following steps: the battery is subjected to charge-discharge cycle test to obtain voltage V of cycle 1 1 To voltage V 2 Interval capacity is a percentage value X of total charge capacity 1 Obtaining the voltage V of the 2 nd cycle 1 To voltage V 2 Interval capacity is a percentage value X of total charge capacity 2 Obtain the voltage V of the 3 rd cycle 1 To voltage V 2 Interval capacity is a percentage value X of total charge capacity 3 And so on, and to obtain the voltage V of the nth cycle 1 To voltage V 2 Interval capacity is a percentage value X of total charge capacity n The percentage values were averaged again to obtain the value of x= (X) 1 +X 2 +X 3 +…+X n )/n。
Further, n is not less than 30, preferably not less than 50.
Further, the charge-discharge cycle test cycles between a discharge cutoff voltage and a charge cutoff voltage.
Further, provided thatThe voltage V 1 Is greater than the discharge cut-off voltage, the voltage V 2 Less than the charge cutoff voltage.
Further, the method for obtaining the charge-discharge efficiency E is as follows: the battery is subjected to charge-discharge cycle test to obtain charge-discharge efficiency E of 2 cycles 2 Charge-discharge efficiency E of 3 cycles 3 Charge-discharge efficiency E of 4 cycles 4 And so on, and the charge-discharge efficiency E of the cycle m m Then, the charge-discharge efficiency E is calculated, where e= (E 2 +E 3 +E 4 +…+E m )/m×100％。
Further, m is not less than 3, preferably not less than 5.
Further, the obtained voltage V 1 Charged to a voltage V 2 Reducing the voltage of the battery to be less than or equal to V by utilizing the self-discharge of the battery before the actual capacity Y of the battery 1 Then the battery is charged until the voltage is more than or equal to V 2 。
The invention also provides application of the SOH calculation method in batteries and electric equipment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The calculation method of SOH provided by the invention uses the capacity of a certain voltage interval to estimate the whole charge/discharge capacity, can be used for SOH calculation under a floating charge condition, and solves the problem that the conventional method cannot be used for SOH calculation due to the fact that the battery cell is not fully charged or discharged under the floating charge condition.
(2) The calculation method of SOH provided by the invention has the advantages of small error and simple and easy implementation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a graph of 32 cycle capacity data for a cell provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of a two sample T test in Minitab provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of a two sample T test in another Minitab provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples described below are some, but not all, examples of the present invention, and are intended to be illustrative of the present invention only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
In the present invention, unless specifically stated otherwise, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or quantity or as implicitly indicating the importance or quantity of the indicated technical feature. Moreover, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like are used for non-exhaustive list description purposes only, and are not to be construed as limiting the number of closed forms.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for calculating SOH, including the steps of:
obtaining the voltage V 1 Charged to a voltage V 2 And obtain the voltage V 1 To voltage V 2 The interval capacity is an average value X of the percentages of the total charge capacity, and then the overall charge capacity Z of the battery is calculated, where z=y/X.
Further, the overall discharge capacity a of the battery (or cell) is calculated, where a=z×e, E is the charge-discharge efficiency.
Further, the SOH was calculated, where soh=a/b×100%, and B is the initial discharge capacity of the battery (or cell).
Under the floating charge condition, the battery cell (or the battery) can be partially charged or discharged, and the whole capacity of the battery cell is judged by using the capacity of the part, so that SOH is calculated.
By adopting the calculation method of SOH provided by the invention, the discharge capacity of the battery cell (or the battery) at the moment can be estimated through the charge capacity of one voltage interval, and then the SOH of the battery can be calculated by using a capacity method. In actual use, the state of health of the battery can be timely and accurately fed back to a user, and the situation that the capacity is attenuated and cannot be detected due to long-term floating charge of the battery is avoided, so that the use experience of the terminal is finally affected.
In some embodiments, the voltage V is obtained by a Battery Management System (BMS) 1 Charged to a voltage V 2 Is set, the actual capacity Y of (c).
In some embodiments, the voltage V 1 To voltage V 2 The method for obtaining the average value X of the interval capacity in percentage of the total charging capacity comprises the following steps: the battery is subjected to charge-discharge cycle test to obtain voltage V of cycle 1 1 To voltage V 2 Interval capacity is a percentage value X of total charge capacity 1 Obtaining the voltage V of the 2 nd cycle 1 To voltage V 2 Interval capacity is a percentage value X of total charge capacity 2 Obtain the voltage V of the 3 rd cycle 1 To voltage V 2 Interval capacity is a percentage value X of total charge capacity 3 …, and so on, and a voltage V of the nth cycle is obtained 1 To voltage V 2 Interval capacity is a percentage value X of total charge capacity n The percentage values were averaged again to obtain the value of x= (X) 1 +X 2 +X 3 +…+X n )/n。
In some specific embodiments, n+_30, including but not limited to a point value of any one or range between any two of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 200, 300, 500, 800, 1000, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2000.
Preferably, n.gtoreq.50.
In some embodiments, the charge-discharge cycle test cycles between a discharge cutoff voltage and a charge cutoff voltage.
In some embodiments, the voltage V 1 Is greater than the discharge cut-off voltage, the voltage V 2 Less than the charge cutoff voltage.
In some specific embodiments, the method for obtaining the charge-discharge efficiency E is as follows: the battery is subjected to charge-discharge cycle test to obtain charge-discharge efficiency E of 2 cycles 2 Charge-discharge efficiency E of 3 cycles 3 Charge-discharge efficiency E of 4 cycles 4 And so on, and the charge-discharge efficiency E of the cycle m m Then, the charge-discharge efficiency E is calculated, where e= (E 2 +E 3 +E 4 +…+E m )/m×100％。
In some embodiments, m is greater than or equal to 3, preferably m is greater than or equal to 5.
In some embodiments, the deriving is performed by a voltage V 1 Charged to a voltage V 2 Reducing the voltage of the battery to be less than or equal to V by utilizing the self-discharge of the battery before the actual capacity Y of the battery 1 Then the battery is charged until the voltage is more than or equal to V 2 。
In the method, when the battery cell (or the battery) is fully charged, a charging loop is disconnected, and the voltage of the battery cell is reduced to a certain voltage value by utilizing self-discharge of the battery cell. And after the voltage reaches the voltage value, starting a charging loop to charge the battery cell. The partial capacity of the charge can be used to calculate the SOH of the cell.
Then in establishing the relationship between "partial charge capacity-cell overall discharge capacity", the following two relationships need to be determined:
(a) Partial charge capacity-cell overall charge capacity relationship;
(b) And the relation between the whole charging capacity of the battery cell and the whole discharging capacity of the battery cell.
First, a first relation is determined: partial charge capacity-cell overall charge capacity relationship.
As shown in fig. 1, the cell was cycled between 1.5V and 3.8V for 32-cycle discharge capacity data.
The first step: the percentage of the corresponding total capacity of the 3.701V-3.799V interval capacity is verified to be unchanged with the cycle number. Namely, assume that:
SOC (3.701V-3.799V, first cycle) ＝SOC (3.701V-3.799V, cycle 32)
TABLE 1 percentage of 3.702V to 3.799V Capacity to Total Capacity as a function of cycle number
The data of 3701-3799 mV capacity accounting for the percentage of the total capacity are equally divided into two groups, and are put into Minitab for double-sample T test. The double sample T-test was used to verify whether there was a significant difference between the two sets of data. The double sample T test was performed with the 1-16 cycle data set as group 1 and the 17-32 cycle data set as group 2. The results are shown in FIG. 2.
Referring to fig. 2, the result of the double sample T test in minitab is p=0.158 >0.05, failing to reject the original hypothesis. It is considered that the value of the SOC in 1 to 16 cycles is not significantly different from the value of the SOC in 17 to 32 cycles. Namely: the percentage of the capacity of 3.701V to 3.799V to the total capacity does not change with the cycle number. The first relationship is proved to hold (partial charge capacity-cell overall charge capacity relationship).
To further verify the conclusion, the 32 week data described above were randomly grouped, a first set of 13 data, and a second set of 19 data. Again, the double sample T test is performed, the result is shown in fig. 3, and the result is still p >0.05, failing to reject the original hypothesis. Table 2 is data after random grouping.
Table 2 data after random grouping of 3.702V-3.799V capacity to total capacity percentage
It can be seen that the ratio of the capacity of the battery cells before and after the cycle is the same in the same voltage interval. From voltage V 1 To voltage V 2 The ratio of the charge capacity of (c) to the total capacity is the same. When the ratio is obtained, the BMS (battery management system) calculates the slave voltage V 1 Charged to voltage V 2 And the actual capacity of the battery under the cycle can be calculated in combination.
I.e. z=y/X.
Wherein Y is a voltage V 1 Charged to a voltage V 2 Is used to determine the actual capacity of the battery.
X is voltage V 1 To voltage V 2 The average value of the interval capacity in percentage of the total charge capacity, i.e. the above-mentioned fixed ratio.
From the data in table 1, the average value of the ratio was calculated as a fixed ratio to be 6.75% (i.e., x=6.75%).
It can be understood that for the same type of battery (i.e., the battery with the same positive and negative poles), the first calculation of the SOH is performed by only counting to obtain the X value, and then directly substituting the first obtained X value. Therefore, the SOH is calculated only by the voltage V 1 Charged to a voltage V 2 SOH can be obtained by the actual capacity Y of the model (C), and the calculation method is simple and easy to implement.
The difference between the overall capacity and the actual capacity calculated as average value x=6.75%, the error average value is 0.00%, see table 3.
The difference between the calculated overall capacity and the actual capacity is expected to further reduce the error by collecting more cycles and more sets of data in actual use. The error can meet the requirements of practical use.
TABLE 3 differential data of overall capacity and actual capacity
Further, a second relationship is determined: relationship between the overall charge capacity of the battery cell and the overall discharge capacity of the battery cell.
In some specific embodiments, the charge-discharge efficiency E is obtained by the following method: the battery is subjected to charge-discharge cycle test to obtain charge-discharge efficiency E of 2 cycles 2 Charge-discharge efficiency E of 3 cycles 3 Charge-discharge efficiency E of 4 cycles 4 And so on, and the charge-discharge efficiency E of the cycle m m Then, the charge-discharge efficiency E (i.e., average charge-discharge efficiency) is calculated, where e= (E 2 +E 3 +E 4 +…+E m ) M.times.100%. The error of the average charge and discharge efficiency obtained in this way is smaller, and the error of the SOH obtained by calculation is smaller. At this time, the overall discharge capacity a of the battery is calculated, where E is the charge-discharge efficiency and Z is the overall charge capacity of the battery obtained by the above steps.
For a typical ion battery, such as a sodium ion battery or a lithium ion battery, the coulombic efficiency of the subsequent cycle can be maintained above 99.5% after the battery is initially charged and discharged. Therefore, in this step, a charge-discharge efficiency of, for example, 99.7% can be artificially determined based on experience or a large data background. The relationship between the overall charge capacity of the battery cell and the overall discharge capacity of the battery cell can be calculated by the following formula:
cell overall discharge capacity = cell overall charge capacity 99.7%.
The difference between the discharge capacity calculated at the charge-discharge efficiency of 99.7% and the actual capacity was 0.04%, as shown in table 4. If the process stability is improved by collecting big data of different systems, the difference is smaller and smaller.
Table 4 shows the difference data between the calculated discharge capacity and the actual capacity
Based on the above steps, the overall discharge capacity of the battery cell can be estimated by the capacity of a certain voltage segment, and the SOH state of the battery cell can be calculated by using a capacity method.
Specifically, SOH can be calculated by the overall discharge capacity a of the battery obtained through the above steps. Where soh=a/b×100%, and B is the initial discharge capacity of the battery.
The initial discharge capacity of the battery refers to the actual capacity of the battery when the battery leaves the factory.
The difference between actual SOH and calculated SOH was 0.05%, see table 5.
TABLE 5 data on the difference between actual SOH and calculated SOH
The battery in the invention is used for the base station to prepare electricity. It is assumed that the charging power supply is turned off when the battery is fully charged, the battery is discharged under the self-discharge condition, and charging is restarted until the battery is fully charged when the battery is discharged to a certain voltage. The charge capacity of the partial voltage interval is used to estimate the overall discharge capacity. In practice, the battery can be actively discharged to a fixed voltage (instead of being charged to the fixed voltage), and the discharge capacity of a part of the voltage interval is used to estimate the overall discharge capacity.
The selection of the voltage interval can be adjusted, and the selection of the voltage interval is generally different for different systems, and the corresponding effect is also different. And in actual use the battery is not necessarily fully charged, i.e. the voltage interval may be in the middle of the curve, not at the full end.
In a second aspect, the invention provides the use of a method for calculating SOH as described above in batteries and consumers.
Wherein, the electric equipment refers to equipment, a system or a device containing a battery.
The SOH error obtained by calculation by adopting the method is smaller, and the problem that the SOH cannot be calculated by using a conventional method due to the fact that the battery cell is not fully charged or discharged under the floating charge working condition is solved.
While the invention has been illustrated and described with reference to specific embodiments, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical aspects of the invention and not restrictive thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for some or all of the technical features thereof, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions; it is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such alternatives and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for calculating SOH, comprising the steps of:
obtaining the voltage V 1 Charged to a voltage V 2 And obtain the voltage V 1 To voltage V 2 The interval capacity is an average value X of the percentages of the total charging capacity, and then the overall charging capacity Z of the battery is calculated, wherein Z=Y/X;
calculating the overall discharge capacity a of the battery, wherein a=z×e, E being the charge-discharge efficiency;
the SOH was calculated, where soh=a/b×100%, and B is the initial discharge capacity of the battery.
2. The SOH calculation method according to claim 1, wherein the slave voltage V is obtained by a battery management system 1 Charged to a voltage V 2 Is set, the actual capacity Y of (c).
3. The method for calculating SOH according to claim 1, wherein said voltage V 1 To voltage V 2 The method for obtaining the average value X of the interval capacity in percentage of the total charging capacity comprises the following steps: the battery is subjected to charge-discharge cycle test to obtain voltage V of cycle 1 1 To voltage V 2 Interval capacity is a percentage value X of total charge capacity 1 Obtaining the voltage V of the 2 nd cycle 1 To voltage V 2 Interval capacity is a percentage value X of total charge capacity 2 Obtain the voltage V of the 3 rd cycle 1 To voltage V 2 Interval capacity is a percentage value X of total charge capacity 3 And so on,obtaining voltage V for the nth cycle 1 To voltage V 2 Interval capacity is a percentage value X of total charge capacity n The percentage values were averaged again to obtain the value of x= (X) 1 +X 2 +X 3 +…+X n )/n。
4. A method of calculating SOH according to claim 3, wherein n is not less than 30, preferably n is not less than 50.
5. A method of calculating SOH according to claim 3, wherein the charge-discharge cycle test cycles between a discharge cut-off voltage and a charge cut-off voltage.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the voltage V 1 Is greater than the discharge cut-off voltage, the voltage V 2 Less than the charge cutoff voltage.
7. The SOH calculation method according to claim 1, wherein the charge-discharge efficiency E is obtained by: the battery is subjected to charge-discharge cycle test to obtain charge-discharge efficiency E of 2 cycles 2 Charge-discharge efficiency E of 3 cycles 3 Charge-discharge efficiency E of 4 cycles 4 And so on, and the charge-discharge efficiency E of the cycle m m Then, the charge-discharge efficiency E is calculated, where e= (E 2 +E 3 +E 4 +…+E m )/m×100％。
8. The method for calculating SOH according to claim 7, wherein m is not less than 3, preferably not less than 5.
9. The method for calculating SOH according to claim 1, wherein said obtaining consists of a voltage V 1 Charged to a voltage V 2 Reducing the voltage of the battery to be less than or equal to V by utilizing the self-discharge of the battery before the actual capacity Y of the battery 1 Then the battery is charged until the voltage is more than or equal to V 2 。
10. Use of the SOH calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in batteries and consumers.
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