CN115333195A - Battery pack voltage balance control method and device and battery pack - Google Patents
Battery pack voltage balance control method and device and battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN115333195A CN115333195A CN202211008428.1A CN202211008428A CN115333195A CN 115333195 A CN115333195 A CN 115333195A CN 202211008428 A CN202211008428 A CN 202211008428A CN 115333195 A CN115333195 A CN 115333195A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
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Abstract
The application provides a voltage balance control method, a device and equipment of a battery pack, wherein the voltage balance control method of the battery pack comprises the following steps: in the process of charging or discharging the battery pack, if the voltage of each battery cell of the battery pack reaches a preset balance voltage, determining a target balance pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack; and if the maximum voltage difference among the battery cells reaches the target balance voltage difference, performing voltage balance control on the battery pack in the current charging process or discharging process. This application can guarantee better efficiency and effect to the voltage balance of battery package.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of electrical technologies, and in particular, to a voltage balance control method and apparatus for a battery pack, and a battery pack.
Background
The battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of battery cells in series and parallel, and can provide larger current and higher voltage compared with a battery with a single battery cell. However, due to the influence of factors such as materials and processes, in the charging and discharging process, the voltages of different battery cells in the battery pack may differ, so that the loss degrees of different battery cells may differ when the battery pack is used for a long time, that is, the service lives of different battery cells may differ, and thus the service life of the whole battery pack may be shortened.
In order to solve the above problems, the voltages of different cells are usually balanced during the charging process, however, the current balancing method has low efficiency and poor effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a voltage balance control method and apparatus for a battery pack, and a battery pack, which can improve balancing efficiency and balancing effect.
The technical scheme provided by the application is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a method for controlling voltage balance of a battery pack, including:
in the process of charging or discharging the battery pack, if the voltage of each battery cell of the battery pack reaches a preset balance voltage, determining a target balance pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack;
and if the maximum voltage difference among the battery cells reaches the target balance voltage difference, performing voltage balance control on the battery pack in the current charging process or discharging process.
In some embodiments, optionally, the determining a target balancing pressure difference corresponding to the current state of health of the battery pack includes:
determining an unbalanced pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack based on a preset corresponding relationship between the health state and the unbalanced pressure difference; wherein the imbalance pressure differential comprises a maximum pressure differential and a minimum pressure differential;
and determining the maximum pressure difference or the minimum pressure difference as a target balance pressure difference based on the unbalance pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack and a preset balance strategy.
In some embodiments, optionally, the establishing of the preset health state and the unbalanced pressure difference corresponding relation includes:
carrying out preset times of charge and discharge cycles on a battery pack sample by adopting the charging rate and the discharging rate of the battery pack during working, acquiring the voltage of each battery cell at a balance generation stage in each charge and discharge cycle, and calculating to obtain the maximum pressure difference and the minimum pressure difference among all the battery cells; wherein the equilibrium generation phase is: in the charging process, the voltage of all the battery cells reaches the preset balance voltage;
acquiring the health state of the battery pack corresponding to each charge-discharge cycle;
and establishing a corresponding relation between the maximum pressure difference and the health state of the battery pack and a corresponding relation between the minimum pressure difference and the health state of the battery pack based on the maximum pressure difference and the minimum pressure difference corresponding to the preset times of charge-discharge cycles.
In some embodiments, optionally, the establishing a corresponding relationship between the maximum pressure difference and the state of health of the battery pack and the establishing a corresponding relationship between the minimum pressure difference and the state of health of the battery pack based on the maximum pressure difference and the minimum pressure difference corresponding to the preset number of charge-discharge cycles includes:
dividing the health state range of the battery pack after the preset times of charge and discharge cycles and the health state range corresponding to the initial health state of the battery pack into a plurality of health state intervals;
calculating the average maximum pressure difference and the average minimum pressure difference corresponding to the current health state interval aiming at each health state interval;
and establishing a corresponding relation between the maximum pressure difference and the health state of the battery pack and a corresponding relation between the minimum pressure difference and the health state of the battery pack based on the average maximum pressure difference and the average minimum pressure difference.
In some embodiments, optionally, the determining an unbalanced pressure difference corresponding to the current state of health of the battery pack based on a preset corresponding relationship between the state of health and the unbalanced pressure difference includes:
and calculating to obtain the unbalanced pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack based on the health state interval of the current health state of the battery pack and the average maximum pressure difference and the average minimum pressure difference corresponding to the health state interval.
In some embodiments, optionally, the determining, based on an unbalanced differential pressure corresponding to the current state of health of the battery pack and a preset balancing policy, that the maximum differential pressure or the minimum differential pressure is a target balanced differential pressure includes:
if the current health state of the battery pack is within a first health state range, determining the maximum pressure difference as the target balance pressure difference;
if the current health state of the battery pack is within a second health state range, determining the minimum pressure difference as the target balance pressure difference; wherein a minimum value of the first state of health range is greater than a maximum value of the second state of health range.
In some embodiments, optionally, after performing voltage balance control on the battery pack in the current charging process or discharging process, the method further includes:
and if the maximum voltage difference between the battery cores is smaller than the target balance stopping voltage difference, stopping performing voltage balance control on the battery pack in the current charging process or discharging process.
In some embodiments, optionally, if the maximum voltage difference between the battery cells reaches the target balancing voltage difference, performing voltage balancing control on the battery pack in the current charging process or discharging process includes:
if the maximum voltage difference among the battery cells reaches the target balance voltage difference, determining corresponding unbalance times for the battery cells respectively; the unbalanced times are the times when the voltage difference between each electric core and the rest of the electric cores reaches the target balanced voltage difference;
and in the current charging process or discharging process, performing voltage balance control on the battery cell of which the unbalance times reach the preset times.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a voltage balance control apparatus of a battery pack, including:
the determining module is used for determining a target balance pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack if the voltage of each battery cell of the battery pack reaches a preset balance voltage in the process of charging or discharging the battery pack;
and the balancing module is used for carrying out voltage balance control on the battery pack in the current charging process or discharging process if the maximum voltage difference between the battery cells reaches the target balance voltage difference.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a battery pack comprising a battery pack body and a controller electrically connected to the battery pack body:
the controller comprises a processor, a memory and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the computer program, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the voltage balancing control method of a battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
In the voltage balance control method and device for the battery pack and the battery pack, in the process of charging or discharging the battery pack, if the voltage of each battery cell reaches the preset balance voltage, the target balance pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack is determined; and when the maximum voltage difference among the battery cells reaches the target balance voltage difference, performing voltage balance control on the battery pack in the current charging process or discharging process. The starting voltage balance condition comprises that the maximum voltage difference among the battery cells reaches a target balance voltage difference; however, compared with the scheme that the target balance differential pressure adopts a fixed value in the existing scheme, in the method of the invention, the target balance differential pressure is determined based on the current health state of the battery pack, and the voltage balance control is carried out according to the target balance differential pressure. That is, based on the principle that the health state of the battery pack is reduced after multiple uses, the specific value of the target balance pressure difference is adaptively adjusted, so that the efficiency and the effect of voltage balance can be better ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a voltage balance control method for a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a specific implementation method of step S101 of the voltage balance control method for the battery pack shown in fig. 1;
fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a specific implementation method of step S1011 of the voltage balance control method of the battery pack shown in fig. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage balance control device of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments described below can be combined with each other without conflict.
Summary of the application
As described in the background section, in order to prolong the service life of the battery pack in the prior art, the voltages between different battery cells are generally balanced during the charging process. The principle is as follows:
in the charging process, constantly detect the voltage of each electric core in the battery package, after the voltage of each electric core all reached the settlement voltage, judge whether the voltage difference between each electric core reaches certain settlement voltage difference, also judge whether the voltage difference between each electric core is too big, if the judgement result is, then carry out voltage balance to the electric core of voltage on the high side (also reach the electric core of settlement voltage difference relative to the voltage difference of other electric cores promptly), the equilibrium process also discharges to this electric core, thereby prevent its voltage to rise too fast, finally make the voltage between the different electric cores reach balance (the same or similar).
However, after research, the inventors of the present invention find that, as the usage time increases, the state difference between different battery cells increases continuously, so when balance control is performed according to a balance scheme that a fixed voltage difference is used in the prior art, the balance efficiency is lower and the balance effect is lower and lower.
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a voltage balance control scheme capable of improving the balance efficiency and balance effect of a battery pack. Specific implementations are described below by way of a number of examples or illustrations without limitation.
Exemplary method
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for controlling voltage balance of a battery pack, as shown in fig. 1, the method at least includes the following steps:
step S101: in the process of charging or discharging the battery pack, if the voltage of each electric core of the battery pack reaches the preset balance voltage, determining a target balance pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack.
Specifically, the voltage of each electric core of the Battery pack can be acquired by a corresponding voltage acquisition module in a Battery Management System (BMS).
The preset balance voltage is a preset voltage value, and when the voltages of the battery cells all reach the preset balance voltage, it indicates that the starting voltage balance control should be considered.
The principle is as follows: taking the charging process as an example, as the charging process continues, except that the SOC (State of charge, also called "electric quantity") of the battery cell increases, the voltage of the battery cell also increases. When the voltage of the battery cell is low, even if the voltages of different battery cells are different, the influence of the charging process on the battery cell is small, however, when the voltage of the battery cell is close to the voltage when the battery cell is fully charged, if the voltage difference of a certain battery cell a is large relative to other battery cells, that is, the voltage of a certain battery cell a is too large, when the charging is continued under the condition that the voltage balance control is not adopted, the battery cell a is necessarily fully charged earlier relative to other battery cells, and after the battery cell a is fully charged, because other battery cells are not fully charged yet, the charging process can be continued, the overcharge phenomenon occurs to the battery cell a, and the service life of the battery cell a can be influenced by the overcharge phenomenon. Therefore, when the voltage of each cell is higher than the preset balance voltage (which is equivalent to a voltage close to the full-charge voltage), voltage balance control may be performed to reduce the voltage increase rate of a certain (or some) cells, so that all the cells are fully charged as much as possible at the same time.
As can be seen from the foregoing principle description, the specific value of the preset balancing voltage may be set according to a voltage value when the battery cell is fully charged, that is, the specific value is set to be close to a voltage value when the battery cell is fully charged. For example, in some embodiments, the voltage of the battery cell during full charge is about 4.2V (volts), and the preset balance voltage may be set to about 4.1V.
After it is determined that the voltages of the battery cells of the battery pack all reach the preset balance voltage, that is, after one of the conditions for starting the voltage balance control is met, it is further determined whether to start the voltage balance control. As described in the summary of the application section, in the conventional scheme, it is generally determined whether the voltage difference between the battery cells is too large, specifically, whether the voltage difference between the battery cells reaches a preset target equilibrium voltage difference. For example, for a cell with a voltage of about 4.2V when fully charged, the target equilibrium differential pressure is usually set to about 30mV in the conventional scheme. That is, in a case where voltages of the cells of the battery pack all reach a preset equilibrium voltage (for example, 4.1V), if a voltage of a certain cell (or some cells) reaches a target equilibrium differential voltage (for example, 30 mV) with respect to a voltage of any of the other cells, the cell (or cells) needs to be subjected to voltage equilibrium control, so that all the cells are fully charged as much as possible at the same time.
However, unlike the conventional scheme, in consideration of that the state difference between different battery cells increases with the increase of the service time of the battery pack, in the scheme of the present invention, the target balance pressure difference does not adopt a fixed value, but dynamically determines the target balance pressure difference according to the current health state of the battery pack according to the principle that the state of health (SOH) of the battery pack decreases with the increase of the service time and the number of times, so that the current state of the battery pack can be better adapted during subsequent voltage balance control.
The state of health SOH of a battery pack refers to a ratio of a performance parameter of the battery pack after the battery pack is used for a period of time to a nominal parameter, and specifically refers to a ratio of a capacity of the battery pack discharged from a fully charged state to a cut-off voltage at a certain rate to a corresponding nominal capacity. The SOH can be reduced along with the increase of the service time, and the SOH is 100% when newly delivered from a factory and 0% when completely scrapped. In practical application, the battery management system can calculate the health state of the battery pack by detecting actual parameters (such as voltage, current and temperature) of the battery and using a specific algorithm, which is the prior art and is not described herein again.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, a specific implementation of determining the target balancing pressure difference corresponding to the current state of health of the battery pack in step S101 may include:
step S1011: and determining the unbalanced pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack based on the corresponding relation between the preset health state and the unbalanced pressure difference. Wherein the unbalanced pressure differential comprises a maximum pressure differential and a minimum pressure differential.
Specifically, the unbalanced voltage difference refers to a voltage difference when the battery pack is in an unbalanced state, and varies with a change in the state of health of the battery. In some embodiments, the corresponding relationship between the health status and the unbalanced pressure difference may be established in advance through experiments, and then the corresponding unbalanced pressure difference may be determined according to the current health status.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the process of establishing the corresponding relationship between the preset health state and the unbalanced pressure difference includes:
step S10111: carrying out preset times of charge and discharge cycles on a battery pack sample by adopting the charge rate and the discharge rate of the battery pack during working, acquiring the voltage of each battery cell at a balance generation stage in each charge and discharge cycle, and calculating to obtain the maximum pressure difference and the minimum pressure difference among all the battery cells; wherein, the equilibrium generation stage is as follows: and in the charging process, the voltage of all the battery cells reaches the stage of presetting the balance voltage.
Specifically, one charge-discharge cycle refers to a process of charging the battery pack from 0% soc to 100% soc, and then discharging the battery pack from 100% soc to 0% soc. The preset times of charge and discharge cycles of the battery pack sample are performed to simulate the charge and discharge conditions of the battery pack in the whole life cycle, so that the preset times are determined according to the charge and discharge cycles of the battery pack in an actual scene. For example, in some scenarios, the soft package lithium battery is not used (i.e., scrapped) after 200 charge/discharge cycles, and the preset number of times may be 200. Similarly, if the battery pack is not used after 300 charge and discharge cycles, the preset number of times may be 300.
In addition, the charging rate and the discharging rate of the battery pack during operation are adopted for carrying out charging and discharging circulation, so that a real use scene is simulated. For example, in an actual working scene, the battery pack is charged at a charging Rate of 0.5C-Rate, and the charging and discharging cycle in step S10111 is also charged at a charging Rate of 0.5C-Rate. Similarly, for example, in an actual working scene, the battery pack is discharged at the discharge Rate of 5C-Rate, and the charge-discharge cycle in step S10111 is also discharged at the discharge Rate of 5C-Rate.
In addition, the voltage of each cell at the balance generation stage, that is, the cell voltage at the stage where voltage balance control may be required, is obtained, and then the maximum voltage difference and the minimum voltage difference between all the cells at the stage are obtained through calculation.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the voltages of all the battery cells may be continuously detected, and whether the voltages of all the battery cells obtained at present all reach the preset balance voltage is determined, and then, after the voltages of all the battery cells reach the preset balance voltage, the maximum voltage difference and the minimum voltage difference between the battery cells are calculated according to the voltages of all the battery cells. Therefore, the voltages of all the cells and the maximum and minimum voltage differences among the cells can be accurately obtained.
In some embodiments, the voltage at which the electric power of the battery pack is about 90% soc may be acquired as the voltage at the balance generation stage, considering that the battery pack is usually at the balance generation stage at about 90% soc in practice. So, when the electric core quantity that the battery package includes is more, only need to last the holistic electric quantity of detection battery package, compare in the voltage that lasts all electric cores to judge whether the voltage of all electric cores all reaches the processing mode of predetermineeing balanced voltage, required processing step and processing time can be still less.
Further, considering that the voltage at the time of charging the battery pack is higher than the voltage at the time of rest in the case of the same SOC in practice, in some embodiments, the battery pack may be charged first to the balance occurrence stage (e.g., 90% SOC), and then the charging may be stopped and the battery pack may be left to rest for a certain time (e.g., 3 hours, depending on the falling speed of the cell voltage), and then the voltages of the respective cells of the battery pack may be acquired. Therefore, the obtained cell voltage is more accurate.
Step S10112: and acquiring the health state of the battery pack corresponding to each charge-discharge cycle.
Specifically, although the state of health of the battery pack can be calculated by using actual parameters of the battery pack in the actual use process of the battery pack, the change amount of the state of health SOH after only one charge and discharge cycle is actually small (for example, for a battery pack with a capacity of 10000mAh, the change amount of the capacity after each charge and discharge cycle is usually about 10 mAh), and therefore, the change amount is significantly affected by factors such as temperature, and the like, so that the error ratio of the calculated SOH value is large, and the application effect in the subsequent steps is also poor. Based on this, in some embodiments, in the process of simulating the charge and discharge cycle, the change of the SOH along with the charge and discharge frequency may be regarded as a linear change, so that the SOH after the charge and discharge cycle is quickly calculated according to the preset charge and discharge cycle frequency and the SOH when the battery pack is finally discarded (the term "discarded" herein refers to that the user does not use the battery pack according to the actual demand, and does not refer to that the SOH of the battery pack is reduced to 0%), and the calculation formula is as follows:
SOH at present ＝SOH Initial -n*ΔSOH
Wherein Δ SOH is the change in SOH after each charge-discharge cycle, SOH Initiation of =100%, which is the initial SOH of the battery pack, i.e. the SOH before the first charge-discharge cycle is started; n is the preset times in the step S10111; SOH Scrapping The specific value of the SOH is set according to the actual requirement of a user when the battery pack is scrapped, namely the SOH after N charge-discharge cycles; SOH At present The current SOH of the battery pack after n charge-discharge cycles.
For a better understanding, the following are exemplified: suppose that the SOH of the battery pack after 200 charge and discharge cycles is changed from 100% to 80% at the beginning, and SOH =80% of the battery pack is rejected (i.e. the user considers that the state of the battery pack at this time is poor, and does not meet the subsequent use requirement, so the battery pack is not used any more). The SOH drop after each charge and discharge cycle is Δ SOH = (100% -80%)/200 =0.1%, that is, after each charge and discharge cycle, the SOH of the battery pack is reduced by 0.1% relative to the SOH of the previous cycle, and then the current state of health SOH of the battery pack after the 50 th charge and discharge cycle At present 100% -50 × 0.1% =95%. Therefore, the current SOH of the battery pack can be quickly calculated according to the number of the charging and discharging cycles. Compared with the mode of calculating the SOH of the battery pack according to the actual parameters of the battery pack, the method does not need to detect the actual parameters of the battery pack, so that the processing speed is higher.
Step S10113: and establishing a corresponding relation between the maximum pressure difference and the health state of the battery pack and a corresponding relation between the minimum pressure difference and the health state of the battery pack based on the maximum pressure difference and the minimum pressure difference corresponding to the charge-discharge cycles of the preset times.
Specifically, after the state of health SOH of the battery pack in each charge-discharge cycle is obtained, a one-to-one correspondence relationship may be established between the state of health SOH and the maximum differential pressure and the minimum differential pressure obtained in step S10111, and in some embodiments, a coordinate graph may be established with SOH as an abscissa and unbalanced differential pressure (the maximum differential pressure and the minimum differential pressure) as an ordinate, where two curves exist in the coordinate graph, that is, a change curve of the maximum differential pressure with the SOH and a change curve of the minimum differential pressure with the SOH. Thus, the corresponding relationship between the health state and the unbalanced pressure difference can be established.
Of course, it is understood that the relationship between the health status and the imbalance pressure difference may be established in other forms, such as a table, which is not limited to this.
In addition, the reason why the unbalanced differential pressure includes the maximum differential pressure and the minimum differential pressure is set in this embodiment is that as the service time of the battery pack increases, the states of the battery cells in the battery pack become worse and worse (that is, "aging" of the battery pack) and the worsening speed becomes faster and faster (that is, "aging" of the battery pack is accelerated), so when determining the target balanced differential pressure, the actual condition of aging of the battery pack may be considered, that is, according to the change of the health state of the battery pack, it may be further determined that the target balanced differential pressure should be determined by using the maximum differential pressure, or the target balanced differential pressure should be determined by using the minimum differential pressure.
Further, in some embodiments, the step S10113 may specifically include: dividing the health state range of the battery pack after the preset number of charge-discharge cycles and the health state range corresponding to the initial health state of the battery pack into a plurality of health state intervals; calculating the average maximum pressure difference and the average minimum pressure difference corresponding to the current health state interval aiming at each health state interval; based on the average maximum differential pressure and the average minimum differential pressure, a correspondence between the maximum differential pressure and the state of health of the battery pack is established, and a correspondence between the minimum differential pressure and the state of health of the battery pack is established.
Specifically, since the number of charge and discharge cycles actually performed is large (for example, 200 cycles), the data amount of the unbalanced differential pressure (the maximum differential pressure and the minimum differential pressure) is large, and further, when the correspondence relationship between the unbalanced differential pressure and the health state is directly established, the data amount is also large. Based on this, in this embodiment, by dividing the health state intervals, calculating the average maximum differential pressure and the average minimum differential pressure of each health state interval, and finally establishing the corresponding relationship based on the average maximum differential pressure and the average minimum differential pressure, the data amount can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the burden of the battery management system in practical application.
The health state interval can be divided according to actual conditions and requirements. For example, assuming that the health status of the battery pack after the preset number of charge and discharge cycles is 80%, the battery pack may be divided into 4 health status intervals according to 5% interval intervals, namely [80%,85% ], (85%, 90% ], (90% -95% ] and (95% -100% ]. It should be noted that one factor of 5% interval in the present example is to facilitate calculation, but it is understood that the interval intervals may not be 5%.
Step S1012: and determining the maximum pressure difference or the minimum pressure difference as a target balance pressure difference based on the unbalance pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack and a preset balance strategy.
Specifically, as described above, the change of the health state of the battery pack represents the state change of the electric core in the battery pack, and as the battery pack is continuously used (charged and discharged), the deviation of the actual voltage of the electric core relative to the theoretical voltage becomes larger and larger, so that in order to better protect the electric core, as the health state of the battery pack continuously decreases, the condition for turning on the voltage balance control should be reduced, so that the voltage balance control is more "easily" performed. Based on this, the preset balancing strategy may include: the target equilibrium differential pressure is positively correlated with the state of health of the battery pack, and the target equilibrium differential pressure varies from a minimum differential pressure to a maximum differential pressure.
For example, in some embodiments, step S1012 may specifically include: if the current health state of the battery pack is within the first health state range, determining the maximum pressure difference as a target balance pressure difference; if the current health state of the battery pack is within the second health state range, determining the minimum pressure difference as a target balance pressure difference; wherein the minimum value of the first state of health range is greater than the maximum value of the second state of health range.
For example, assuming that the battery pack is discarded when SOH =80%, the first state of health range may be 90% (excluding) to 100%, and when the current state of health is within this range, the corresponding target balanced differential pressure selects the maximum differential pressure among the unbalanced differential pressures; the second state of health range may be 80% to 90%, and when the current state of health is within this range, the corresponding target balanced differential pressure selects the smallest differential pressure among the unbalanced differential pressures. Therefore, the influence caused by the aging of the battery pack is further considered, and the balance efficiency and the balance effect are better when the voltage balance control is subsequently carried out.
It should be noted that, if the corresponding relationship with the health status is established based on the average maximum differential pressure and the average minimum differential pressure in step S10113, step S1012 may specifically include: the imbalance pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack can be calculated and obtained based on the health state interval where the current health state of the battery pack is located and the average maximum pressure difference and the average minimum pressure difference corresponding to the health state interval where the current health state of the battery pack is located.
Specifically, the imbalance pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack can be calculated by adopting an equal proportion method. The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, SOH 1 The minimum value of the health state interval in which the current health state is located; SOH 2 The maximum value of the health state interval in which the current health state is positioned; vmax 1 The average maximum pressure difference corresponding to the minimum value of the health state interval in which the current health state is positioned; vmax 2 The average maximum pressure difference is the maximum value corresponding to the health state interval of the current health state; vmax At present The maximum pressure difference corresponding to the current health state to be calculated; vmin 1 The average minimum pressure difference is corresponding to the minimum value of the health state interval in which the current health state is positioned; vmin 2 The average minimum pressure difference is corresponding to the maximum value of the health state interval in which the current health state is positioned; vmin At present The minimum pressure difference corresponding to the current state of health to be calculated.
Step S102: and if the maximum voltage difference among the battery cells reaches the target balance voltage difference, performing voltage balance control on the battery pack in the current charging process or discharging process.
Specifically, after the maximum voltage difference between each of the battery cells reaches the target balance voltage difference, it indicates that the voltage difference between some of the battery cells is too large, and therefore, in the current charging process or discharging process, the voltage balance control is performed on the battery pack, so that the service life of the battery pack is prolonged.
Further, in some embodiments, step S102 may specifically include: if the maximum voltage difference among the battery cells reaches the target balance voltage difference, determining corresponding unbalance times for the battery cells respectively; in the current charging process or discharging process, performing voltage balance control on the battery cell with the unbalance times reaching the preset times; the number of times of unbalance is the number of times that the voltage difference between each electric core and the rest of the electric cores reaches the target balance voltage difference.
Specifically, in practical application, a special storage area may be created in a data storage area of the battery management system, and according to the SOH of the battery pack, at regular intervals (for example, 5%), a number of a cell where an actual voltage is greater than the sum of the lowest voltage of all the cells and a target balanced differential pressure is recorded, and the number of times of occurrence of the cell number is counted and stored in a buffer area (which may be named as an unbalanced number table). Then, every time the action of charging or discharging is experienced, the unbalanced number table can be analyzed, and the cell number of the over-high voltage easily appearing in the charging process and the cell number of the voltage higher than other cells easily appearing in the discharging process are identified. And in the next charging process or discharging process, starting voltage balance control on the charging circuit.
In addition, in some embodiments, after the voltage balance control is performed on the battery pack, the method may further include: and if the maximum voltage difference between the battery cells is smaller than the target balance stopping voltage difference, stopping performing voltage balance control on the battery pack in the current charging process or discharging process.
That is, after the maximum voltage difference between the cells is smaller than the target stop balancing voltage difference, it indicates that the voltage difference between the respective cells is within a reasonable range, and thus the voltage balancing control may be stopped.
The target stop equilibrium differential pressure may be determined synchronously when determining the target equilibrium differential pressure, and the target stop equilibrium differential pressure should be smaller than the target equilibrium differential pressure, but the relative sizes of the target stop equilibrium differential pressure and the target stop equilibrium differential pressure may be set according to the situation, which is not limited. For example, when the maximum differential pressure is adopted as the target equilibrium differential pressure in step S1012, the minimum differential pressure may be adopted as the target stop equilibrium differential pressure; and when the minimum differential pressure is adopted as the target equilibrium differential pressure in step S1012, a certain proportion (for example, one third) of the minimum differential pressure may be adopted as the target stop equilibrium differential pressure. In addition, when the minimum differential pressure is used as the target balance differential pressure in step S1012, the maximum differential pressure may also be used as the discard differential pressure, that is, the power supply differential pressure difference is too large at this time, which indicates that the battery is obviously abnormal, so that the battery is discarded and is not used any more.
In conclusion, through the scheme, the specific value of the target balance pressure difference is adaptively adjusted based on the principle that the health state of the battery pack is reduced after the battery pack is used for many times, so that the efficiency and the effect of voltage balance can be better ensured.
Exemplary devices
Corresponding to the above voltage balance control method for a battery pack, an embodiment of the present application further discloses a voltage balance control device for a battery pack, as shown in fig. 4, the device includes: a determination module 100 and a balancing module 110; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the determining module 100 is configured to, during a process of charging or discharging the battery pack, determine a target balance pressure difference corresponding to a current health state of the battery pack if voltages of each battery cell of the battery pack reach a preset balance voltage;
the balancing module 110 is configured to, if the maximum voltage difference between the battery cells reaches a target balancing voltage difference, perform voltage balancing control on the battery pack in a current charging process or a current discharging process.
In some embodiments, the determining module 100, when determining the target balancing pressure difference corresponding to the current state of health of the battery pack, is configured to:
determining an unbalanced pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack based on the corresponding relation between the preset health state and the unbalanced pressure difference; wherein the unbalanced pressure difference comprises a maximum pressure difference and a minimum pressure difference;
and determining the maximum pressure difference or the minimum pressure difference as a target balance pressure difference based on the unbalance pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack and a preset balance strategy.
In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a processing module 120 configured to establish a preset health status and imbalance pressure difference relationship, specifically:
carrying out preset times of charge and discharge cycles on a battery pack sample by adopting the charge rate and the discharge rate of the battery pack during working, acquiring the voltage of each battery cell at a balance generation stage in each charge and discharge cycle, and calculating to obtain the maximum pressure difference and the minimum pressure difference among all the battery cells; wherein, the equilibrium generation stage is as follows: in the charging process, the voltage of all the battery cells reaches the preset balance voltage;
and acquiring the health state of the battery pack corresponding to each charge-discharge cycle.
In some embodiments, the processing module 120 is specifically configured to, when establishing a corresponding relationship between the maximum pressure difference and the health state of the battery pack and establishing a corresponding relationship between the minimum pressure difference and the health state of the battery pack based on the maximum pressure difference and the minimum pressure difference corresponding to the preset number of charge and discharge cycles:
dividing the health state range of the battery pack after the preset number of charge-discharge cycles and the health state range corresponding to the initial health state of the battery pack into a plurality of health state intervals;
calculating the average maximum pressure difference and the average minimum pressure difference corresponding to the current health state interval aiming at each health state interval;
based on the average maximum differential pressure and the average minimum differential pressure, a correspondence between the maximum differential pressure and the state of health of the battery pack is established, and a correspondence between the minimum differential pressure and the state of health of the battery pack is established.
In some embodiments, the determining module 100 is specifically configured to, when determining the unbalanced differential pressure corresponding to the current state of health of the battery pack based on the preset corresponding relationship between the state of health and the unbalanced differential pressure:
and calculating to obtain the unbalanced pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack based on the health state interval of the current health state of the battery pack and the average maximum pressure difference and the average minimum pressure difference corresponding to the health state interval.
In some embodiments, when determining that the maximum differential pressure or the minimum differential pressure is the target balancing differential pressure based on the imbalance differential pressure corresponding to the current state of health of the battery pack and the preset balancing policy, the determining module 100 is specifically configured to:
if the current health state of the battery pack is within the first health state range, determining the maximum pressure difference as a target balance pressure difference;
if the current health state of the battery pack is within a second health state range, determining the minimum pressure difference as a target balance pressure difference; wherein the minimum value of the first state of health range is greater than the maximum value of the second state of health range.
In some embodiments, the balancing module 110 is further configured to:
and if the maximum voltage difference between the battery cells is smaller than the target balance stopping voltage difference, stopping performing voltage balance control on the battery pack in the current charging process or discharging process.
In some embodiments, if the maximum voltage difference between the battery cells reaches the target balance voltage difference, the balancing module 110 is specifically configured to, during the current charging process or discharging process, perform voltage balance control on the battery pack:
if the maximum voltage difference among the battery cells reaches the target balance voltage difference, determining corresponding unbalance times for the battery cells respectively; the unbalanced times are the times when the voltage difference between each electric core and the rest of the electric cores reaches the target balanced voltage difference;
and in the current charging process or discharging process, performing voltage balance control on the battery cell with the unbalanced times reaching the preset times.
Specifically, please refer to the content of the method embodiment for a specific implementation manner of the usage of each module of the voltage balance control apparatus of the battery pack, which is not described herein again.
Exemplary Battery pack
An embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, which includes a battery pack body and a controller electrically connected to the battery pack body. Therein, referring to fig. 5, the controller comprises a memory 200, a processor 210 and a computer program stored on the memory 200 and executable on said processor;
when executed by the processor 210, the computer program implements the steps of the voltage balance control method of the electronic battery pack disclosed in any of the above embodiments.
Specifically, the controller may further include: a bus, and a communication interface 220.
The processor 210, the memory 200, and the communication interface 220 are connected to each other by a bus. Wherein:
a bus may include a path that transfers information between various components of the system.
The processor 210 may be a general-purpose processor, such as a general-purpose Central Processing Unit (CPU), microprocessor, etc., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of programs in accordance with the present disclosure. But may also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components.
The processor 210 may include a main processor and may also include a baseband chip, modem, and the like.
The memory 200 stores programs for executing the technical solution of the present application, and may also store an operating system and other key services. In particular, the program may include program code including computer operating instructions. More specifically, memory 200 may include a read-only memory (ROM), other types of static storage devices that may store static information and instructions, a Random Access Memory (RAM), other types of dynamic storage devices that may store information and instructions, a disk storage, a flash, and so forth.
The processor 210 executes the program stored in the memory 200 and calls other devices, which can be used to implement the steps of the voltage balance control method of the electronic battery pack provided in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application.
Another embodiment of the present application further provides a storage medium, where a computer program is stored on the storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the voltage balance control method for an electronic battery pack provided in any one of the embodiments.
Specifically, for the specific processing contents of the electronic device and the computer program on the storage medium when the electronic device is run by the processor, the contents of the embodiments of the voltage balance control method for the electronic battery pack may be referred to, and are not described herein again.
While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the foregoing method embodiments have been described as a series of acts or combination of acts, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited by the order of acts or acts described, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently with other steps in accordance with the application. Further, those skilled in the art should also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments and that the acts and modules referred to are not necessarily required in this application.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, the embodiments are all described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other. For the device-like embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment for relevant points.
The steps in the method of each embodiment of the present application may be sequentially adjusted, combined, and deleted according to actual needs, and technical features described in each embodiment may be replaced or combined.
The modules and sub-modules in the device and the terminal in the embodiments of the application can be combined, divided and deleted according to actual needs.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed terminal, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described terminal embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of a module or a sub-module is only one logical division, and there may be other divisions when the terminal is actually implemented, for example, a plurality of sub-modules or modules may be combined or integrated into another module, or some features may be omitted or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or modules, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The modules or sub-modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components described as modules or sub-modules may or may not be physical modules or sub-modules, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network modules or sub-modules. Some or all of the modules or sub-modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional modules or sub-modules in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing module, or each module or sub-module may exist alone physically, or two or more modules or sub-modules are integrated into one module. The integrated modules or sub-modules may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of software functional modules or sub-modules.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative components and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the components and steps of the various examples have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software unit executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software cells may be located in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a," "8230," "8230," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for controlling voltage balance of a battery pack, comprising:
in the process of charging or discharging the battery pack, if the voltage of each battery cell of the battery pack reaches a preset balance voltage, determining a target balance pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack;
and if the maximum voltage difference among the battery cells reaches the target balance voltage difference, performing voltage balance control on the battery pack in the current charging process or discharging process.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the target differential balancing pressure corresponding to the current state of health of the battery pack comprises:
determining an unbalanced pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack based on a preset corresponding relationship between the health state and the unbalanced pressure difference; wherein the unbalanced pressure differential comprises a maximum pressure differential and a minimum pressure differential;
and determining the maximum pressure difference or the minimum pressure difference as a target balance pressure difference based on the unbalance pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack and a preset balance strategy.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the establishing of the predetermined health status versus imbalance pressure differential comprises:
carrying out preset times of charge and discharge cycles on a battery pack sample by adopting the charging rate and the discharging rate of the battery pack during working, acquiring the voltage of each battery cell at a balance generation stage in each charge and discharge cycle, and calculating to obtain the maximum pressure difference and the minimum pressure difference among all the battery cells; wherein the equilibrium generation phase is: in the charging process, the voltage of all the battery cells reaches the preset balance voltage;
acquiring the health state of the battery pack corresponding to each charge-discharge cycle;
and establishing a corresponding relation between the maximum pressure difference and the health state of the battery pack and a corresponding relation between the minimum pressure difference and the health state of the battery pack based on the maximum pressure difference and the minimum pressure difference corresponding to the preset times of charge-discharge cycles.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the establishing a corresponding relationship between a maximum pressure difference and a state of health of the battery pack and the establishing a corresponding relationship between a minimum pressure difference and a state of health of the battery pack based on the maximum pressure difference and the minimum pressure difference corresponding to the preset number of charge-discharge cycles comprises:
dividing the health state range of the battery pack after the preset times of charge and discharge cycles and the health state range corresponding to the initial health state of the battery pack into a plurality of health state intervals;
calculating the average maximum pressure difference and the average minimum pressure difference corresponding to the current health state interval aiming at each health state interval;
establishing a correspondence between a maximum pressure difference and a state of health of the battery pack and establishing a correspondence between a minimum pressure difference and a state of health of the battery pack based on the average maximum pressure difference and the average minimum pressure difference.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the imbalance pressure difference corresponding to the current health status of the battery pack based on the preset health status and imbalance pressure difference correspondence comprises:
and calculating to obtain the unbalanced pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack based on the health state interval of the current health state of the battery pack and the average maximum pressure difference and the average minimum pressure difference corresponding to the health state interval.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the determining the maximum or minimum differential pressure as a target balancing differential pressure based on an unbalanced differential pressure corresponding to a current state of health of the battery pack and a preset balancing strategy comprises:
if the current health state of the battery pack is within a first health state range, determining the maximum pressure difference as the target balance pressure difference;
if the current health state of the battery pack is within a second health state range, determining the minimum pressure difference as the target balance pressure difference; wherein a minimum value of the first state of health range is greater than a maximum value of the second state of health range.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein after the performing the voltage balance control on the battery pack during the current charging process or discharging process, the method further comprises:
and if the maximum voltage difference between the battery cells is smaller than the target balance stopping voltage difference, stopping performing voltage balance control on the battery pack in the current charging process or discharging process.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein if the maximum voltage difference between the battery cells reaches the target balancing voltage difference, performing voltage balancing control on the battery pack in a current charging process or discharging process includes:
if the maximum voltage difference among the battery cells reaches the target balance voltage difference, determining corresponding unbalance times for the battery cells respectively; the unbalanced times are the times when the voltage difference between each electric core and the rest of the electric cores reaches the target balanced voltage difference;
and in the current charging process or discharging process, performing voltage balance control on the battery cell of which the unbalance times reach the preset times.
9. A voltage balance control device of a battery pack, comprising:
the determining module is used for determining a target balance pressure difference corresponding to the current health state of the battery pack if the voltage of each battery cell of the battery pack reaches a preset balance voltage in the process of charging or discharging the battery pack;
and the balancing module is used for carrying out voltage balance control on the battery pack in the current charging process or discharging process if the maximum voltage difference between the battery cells reaches the target balance voltage difference.
10. A battery pack is characterized by comprising a battery pack body and a controller electrically connected with the battery pack body;
the controller includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the computer program, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the voltage balance control method of the battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN117200406A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2023-12-08 | 珠海市嘉德电能科技有限公司 | Battery voltage balance control method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN117200406B (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-03-08 | 珠海市嘉德电能科技有限公司 | Battery voltage balance control method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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