CN117550603A - Desert plant biomass charcoal and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Desert plant biomass charcoal and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017643 Elaeagnus angustifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001456 Elaeagnus latifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007630 Elaeagnus umbellata var parvifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001632052 Haloxylon ammodendron Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001104824 Nitraria tangutorum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000183024 Populus tremula Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000307545 Elaeagnus angustifolia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000016119 Elaeagnus latifolia Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000168036 Populus alba Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001240 inorganic pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- -1 large surface area Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
- C01B32/348—Metallic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/354—After-treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides desert plant biomass charcoal and a preparation method and application thereof, and the desert plant biomass charcoal specifically comprises the following components: step one, collecting desert plants, and drying the desert plants at high temperature to constant weight; step two, the desert plants and calcium oxide are proportionally put into water, taken out after being steamed for a period of time at high temperature, dried, crushed and sieved; step three, carbonizing treatment in a tube furnace; step four, soaking the mixture of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and zinc chloride by high-temperature steam to activate; fifthly, washing with a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate to be neutral, and then performing ultrasonic treatment under the water bath condition to improve the adsorption performance; the invention can effectively remove alkali metal ions in desert plants by using the acidic active agent, combines the physical activation method and the chemical activation method, and effectively combines the advantages of the physical activation method and the chemical activation method; according to the invention, after the biomass charcoal is obtained, modification treatment is continuously carried out, so that the adsorption performance of the biomass charcoal is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomass charcoal, in particular to desert plant biomass charcoal, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Biomass refers to various organisms produced through photosynthesis, is a renewable resource, and most typically comprises crop straws, rice hulls, sawdust, shells of various plants and the like, and has the characteristics of wide sources, reproducibility, low pollution and the like.
Biomass char is a solid product of biomass pyrolysis, heating a biomass feedstock at an optimal temperature for a specified time. The biochar material has the advantages of active carbon, such as large surface area, high porosity, low ash content and high surface activity, so that the biochar material becomes an effective adsorption tool. These characteristics available in biomass char make it an effective and suitable tool for a variety of applications, such as electrochemistry, environmental and soil remediation, and wastewater treatment.
The biochar generated after carbonization of the biomass material has the characteristics of good electrochemical performance, developed pore structure, larger specific surface area and the like, is widely applied to the fields of energy storage and adsorption, such as biomass charcoal prepared from coconut shells, rice husks, walnut shells, wood and the like, and is commonly used for preparation of supercapacitor electrode materials and wastewater treatment. In the carbonization process of biomass materials, the types, carbonization temperature, pretreatment and the like of biomass have great influence on the structure, morphology, property and the like of carbonized products, thereby influencing the application of biomass charcoal. Based on the excellent characteristics of high activity, large specific surface area, carbonization into carbon nano tubes and the like of biomass carbon, the biomass carbon has a good application prospect in the field of carbon-containing refractory materials.
The desert plants are important plant resources in desert areas, integrate the functions of wind prevention, sand fixation, water and soil conservation, excellent pasture and the like, and play an extremely important role in ecological balance in arid desert areas, promotion of ecological construction and economic development in arid areas and the like. However, the rapid increase in the rate of desertification propagation, against constant interference from factors such as global climate change and human activity, has led to the gradual degeneration and death of these important resource plants. Most dead desert plants are abandoned in the desert and are wasted, so that in order to improve the utilization rate of resources, biomass charcoal materials are prepared by using the abandoned desert plants as raw materials, and the desert plants are regenerated.
Therefore, providing a preparation method of desert plant biomass charcoal is a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides desert plant biomass charcoal and a preparation method and application thereof, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, pretreatment
Collecting the desert plants, cleaning the surfaces of the desert plants with deionized water, and then putting the desert plants into a drying box for drying until the weight is constant;
preferably, the desert plant comprises one or more of oleaster, aspen, nitraria tangutorum and haloxylon ammodendron; the drying temperature is 80-90 ℃;
step two, delignification treatment
Putting the dried desert plants into water, adding CaO in proportion, steaming at high temperature for a period of time, taking out, airing the softened desert plants, putting into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and sieving to obtain plant powder;
preferably, the mass ratio of the desert plant to the CaO to the water is (1-2): (5-7): (70-90); the cooking temperature is 95-100 ℃ and the cooking time is 12-24 hours; sieving with 60-80 mesh sieve;
the lime water is used for steaming the desert plants, so that lignin can be effectively removed, the plants can be softened, and the technical effects of disinfection and sterilization can be achieved;
step three, carbonization treatment
Placing plant powder into a carbonization furnace for carbonization treatment, introducing inert gas into the carbonization furnace before heating to remove air in the carbonization furnace, then raising the temperature to a target temperature at a constant heating rate, continuously introducing the inert gas in the carbonization process, and taking out after a period of time to obtain carbonized powder;
preferably, the carbonization furnace is a tube furnace; the inert gas is nitrogen; the heating rate is 10-15 ℃/min, the target temperature is 600-700 ℃, and the carbonization time is 2-3h;
step four, activating treatment
Activating carbonized powder under high-temperature steam, mixing the carbonized powder with an activating agent according to a proportion after the activation is finished, performing heat treatment, washing the carbonized powder with deionized water to be neutral after the heat treatment is finished, and airing surface water to obtain a primary product;
preferably, the mass ratio of the carbonized powder to the activator is (1-2): 2-4;
preferably, the activator is added to H on a water basis 2 SO 4 、HCl、ZnCl 2 Make H 2 SO 4 、HCl、ZnCl 2 The concentration in water is (1-2) mol/L, (0.5-1) mol/L and (1-3) mol/L respectively; the steam temperature is 110-130 ℃, and the activation time is 1-2h; the heat treatment temperature is 500-700 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 2-3h;
the treatment by the activating agent belongs to a chemical activation method, and has the advantages of low activation temperature, short activation time, easy control of activation reaction, more developed pore structure, larger specific surface area and the like, but also has the defects of large equipment corrosion, environmental pollution and the like; the high-temperature steam belongs to an activation physical activation method, has simple process conditions, has low requirements on equipment materials, and has no problems of equipment corrosion and environmental pollution, so that the combination of the high-temperature steam and the equipment corrosion can effectively make up the defects of a chemical activation method in the activation process;
the desert plant body is rich in alkali metal ions, the acidic activator can remove the alkali metal ions in the biomass, the aperture of the biomass is further increased, and compared with the alkaline activator for treating biomass charcoal, the acidic activator has the advantages of low activation temperature and rich pore structure, and has less pollution, thereby being beneficial to the treatment of wastewater and waste gas;
step five, modification treatment
Mixing the primary product with the modifier in proportion, soaking for a period of time, taking out after the soaking is finished, washing with deionized water to be neutral, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for a period of time under the water bath condition, taking out, and airing surface moisture to obtain the biomass carbon powder.
Preferably, the ratio of the primary product to the modifier is (1-3): 1-2; the soaking time is 1-1.5h; the water bath temperature is 85-95 ℃, the ultrasonic treatment time is 0.5-1.5h, and the ultrasonic frequency is 20-25kHz.
Preferably, the modifier is added with NaOH and Na based on water 2 CO 3 NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 The concentration in water is (1-1.5) mol/L and (1-2) mol/L respectively;
the modified biomass charcoal has excellent performance on various pollutants, and different modification measures can enable the modified biomass charcoal to have stronger adsorption effect on certain specific substances; therefore, the invention adopts ultrasonic treatment and modifier treatment, combines physical and chemical means to modify the biomass charcoal, and can effectively improve the performance of the biomass charcoal;
the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention uses physical means and chemical means to activate the desert plants, thereby effectively solving the problems of large equipment corrosion and environmental pollution caused by chemical activation and the problems of long activation time, high energy consumption and small pore structure caused by physical activation;
(2) The invention can effectively avoid the problems of strong reaction, high activation temperature, high activation cost, easy corrosion to equipment and environmental pollution of alkali metal activators; the acid activator has the advantages of low activation temperature and rich pore structure, has less pollution, is beneficial to the treatment of waste water and waste gas, and can remove alkali metal ions in biomass by acid treatment so as to further increase the pore diameter of the biomass;
(3) The invention organically combines physical and chemical modification means, thereby effectively improving the performance of biomass charcoal;
(4) In the process of activation treatment and modification treatment, physical means and chemical means are organically combined, and the advantages are complementary and mutually synergistic, so that the process is simplified, the operation is simple and convenient, and the biomass charcoal with excellent performance is prepared;
(5) The biomass material prepared by the invention can be applied to the aspects of catalysis, electrochemistry, removal of organic and inorganic pollutants, soil restoration, energy production and the like.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully, and it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Step one, pretreatment
Collecting oleaster, white poplar, nitraria tangutorum and haloxylon ammodendron in the civil service area, cleaning the surfaces of desert plants with deionized water according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and then placing the desert plants in a drying box for drying to constant weight at the drying temperature of 80-90 ℃;
step two, delignification treatment
Putting the dried desert plant into water, and adding CaO, wherein the mass ratio of the desert plant to the CaO to the water is (1-2) (5-7) (70-90); steaming at 100deg.C for 12 hr, taking out, air drying softened desert plant, pulverizing in pulverizer, and sieving with 70 mesh sieve to obtain plant powder;
step three, carbonization treatment
Placing plant powder into a tubular furnace for carbonization treatment, introducing air in a nitrogen removal furnace into the carbonization furnace before heating, then raising the temperature to 650 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, continuously introducing inert gas in the carbonization process, and taking out after 3 hours to obtain carbonized powder;
step four, activating treatment
Activating carbonized powder for 2 hours under steam at 120 ℃, mixing the carbonized powder and an activating agent according to a mass ratio of 1:2 after activation, treating for 3 hours at 600 ℃, washing the carbonized powder to be neutral by deionized water after heat treatment, and airing the surface moisture to obtain activated powder; by a means ofThe activator is added with H based on water 2 SO 4 、HCl、ZnCl 2 Make H 2 SO 4 、HCl、ZnCl 2 The concentration in water is 1.5mol/L, 1mol/L and 2mol/L respectively;
step five, modification treatment
Mixing the primary product and the modifier according to the mass ratio of 1:2, soaking for 1h, taking out after the soaking is finished, washing with deionized water to be neutral, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h under the water bath condition of 95 ℃, carrying out ultrasonic frequency of 23kHz, taking out, and airing surface moisture to obtain biomass carbon powder. The modifier is added with NaOH and Na based on water 2 CO 3 NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 The concentration in water was 1.5mol/L and 2mol/L, respectively.
Comparative example 1
Unlike example 1, this comparative example did not use high temperature steam for the activation treatment;
comparative example 2
Unlike example 1, this comparative example uses 2mol/L KOH solution for the activation treatment; comparative example 3
Unlike example 1, this comparative example did not use high temperature steam for the activation treatment, and then used 2mol/L KOH solution for the activation treatment;
comparative example 4
Unlike example 1, this comparative example was not subjected to modification treatment;
comparative example 5
Unlike comparative example 3, this comparative example was modified with 1mol/L HCl solution.
Test example 1
The specific surface areas of the biomass carbons prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were measured with a nitrogen adsorber, and the results are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the specific surface area of the prepared biomass charcoal material was significantly reduced without activation with high temperature steam and activation with an alkaline activator. When the biomass charcoal material is not modified, the specific surface area is also reduced to a small extent; when the alkali activator is used for activation and modification with the acid modifier, the prepared biomass charcoal material has slightly increased specific surface area compared with the biomass charcoal material prepared by the simultaneous activation and modification with the alkali activator, but has significantly reduced specific surface area compared with example 1.
Test example 2
The biomass charcoal materials prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1-5 were used to adsorb Cd in the solution 2+ And Pb 2+ Determination of Cd before and after adsorption by atomic absorption 2+ And Pb 2+ The content is used for measuring the adsorption performance of the biomass charcoal material, and the result is shown in Table 2; (Cd in raw solution) 2+ And Pb 2+ The content of the biomass charcoal material is 0.01mol/L, and the biomass charcoal material adding amount is 0.5g/L. )
TABLE 2
| Cd 2+ Absorption rate (%) | Pb 2+ Absorption rate (%) | |
| Example 1 | 96.832％ | 93.832％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 71.350％ | 75.881％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 58.657％ | 62.305％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 45.030％ | 47.700％ |
| Comparative example 4 | 77.904％ | 73.019％ |
| Comparative example 5 | 65.572％ | 62.005％ |
Note that: absorbance = 1-post-adsorption ion concentration/pre-adsorption ion concentration
As can be seen from Table 2, for Cd 2+ And Pb 2+ The adsorption rate results of (2) are substantially the same as the results of the specific surface area, i.e., the higher the specific surface area is, the higher the adsorption rate of heavy metal ions is, and the smaller the specific surface area is, the lower the adsorption rate of heavy metal ions is.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the desert plant biomass charcoal is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, pretreatment
Collecting the desert plants, cleaning the surfaces of the desert plants, and then putting the desert plants into a drying box for drying until the weight is constant;
step two, delignification treatment
Putting the dried desert plants into water, adding CaO in proportion, steaming at high temperature for a period of time, taking out, airing the softened desert plants, putting into a pulverizer, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain plant powder;
step three, carbonization treatment
Placing plant powder into a carbonization furnace for carbonization treatment, introducing inert gas into the carbonization furnace before heating to remove air in the carbonization furnace, then raising the temperature to a target temperature at a constant heating rate, continuously introducing the inert gas in the carbonization process, and taking out after a period of time to obtain carbonized powder;
step four, activating treatment
Activating carbonized powder under high-temperature steam, mixing the carbonized powder with an activating agent according to a proportion after the activation is finished, performing heat treatment, washing the carbonized powder with deionized water to be neutral after the heat treatment is finished, and airing surface water to obtain a primary product;
step five, modification treatment
Mixing the primary product with the modifier in proportion, soaking, taking out after the soaking is finished, washing with deionized water to be neutral, performing ultrasonic treatment under the water bath condition, taking out, and airing the surface moisture to obtain the biomass carbon powder.
2. The method for preparing biomass charcoal from desert plants according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the desert plants comprise one or more of oleaster, aspen, nitraria tangutorum, and haloxylon ammodendron; the drying temperature is 80-90 ℃.
3. The method for preparing the biomass charcoal of the desert plant according to the claim 1, wherein in the second step, the mass ratio of the desert plant to the CaO to the water is (1-2): 5-7): 70-90; the cooking temperature is 95-100 ℃ and the cooking time is 12-24 hours; sieving with 60-80 mesh sieve.
4. The method for preparing desert plant biomass charcoal according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the carbonization furnace is a tube furnace; the inert gas is nitrogen; the heating rate is 10-15 ℃/min, the target temperature is 600-700 ℃, and the carbonization time is 2-3h.
5. The method for preparing desert plant biomass charcoal according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the mass ratio of carbonized powder to activator is (1-2): 2-4.
6. The method for preparing biomass charcoal of desert plant according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the activator is added with H based on water 2 SO 4 、HCl、ZnCl 2 Make H 2 SO 4 、HCl、ZnCl 2 The concentration in water is (1-2) mol/L, (0.5-1) mol/L and (1-3) mol/L respectively;
the steam temperature is 110-130 ℃, and the activation time is 1-2h; the heat treatment temperature is 500-700 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 2-3h.
7. The method for preparing desert plant biomass charcoal according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the ratio of the primary product to the modifier is (1-3): 1-2; the soaking time is 1-1.5h; the water bath temperature is 85-95 ℃, the ultrasonic treatment time is 0.5-1.5h, and the ultrasonic frequency is 20-25kHz.
8. The method for preparing biomass charcoal of desert plant according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the modifier is added with NaOH and Na based on water 2 CO 3 NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 The concentration in water is (1-1.5) mol/L and (1-2) mol/L respectively.
9. A desert plant biomass char produced by the method of any one of claims 1-8.
10. Use of the desert plant biomass char produced by the method of any of claims 1-9, in an adsorption setting.
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