CN110918061B

CN110918061B - Biomass waste activated carbon, preparation method thereof and application of biomass waste activated carbon in treatment of nitrophenol compounds in wastewater

Info

Publication number: CN110918061B
Application number: CN201911298521.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘雅妮; 秦丽娟; 薛华丽
Original assignee: Gansu Agricultural University
Current assignee: Gansu Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-12-17
Filing date: 2019-12-17
Publication date: 2022-02-01
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-17
Also published as: AU2020100229A4; CN110918061A

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of biomass waste activated carbon, which comprises the following steps: (a) grafting 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid to the surface of the biomass waste; (b) carbonizing the biomass waste treated in the step (a) to obtain activated carbon. Compared with the prior art, the biomass activated carbon prepared by the method has good adsorption capacity on p-nitrophenol, can reach more than 480mg/g, can almost completely remove lead ions, chromium ions, nickel ions and arsenic ions in water, has good cycle stability, can be cycled for more than 5 times, still keeps the adsorption capacity more than 98 percent, and is a multifunctional comprehensive wastewater adsorbent.

Description

Biomass waste activated carbon, preparation method thereof and application of biomass waste activated carbon in treatment of nitrophenol compounds in wastewater

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of activated carbon, and particularly relates to activated carbon with an excellent adsorption effect on nitrophenol compounds prepared from biomass waste.

Background

The biomass waste mainly comprises microorganisms, plants and animals, and organic substances derived from organisms such as excrement, garbage, organic wastewater and the like of the microorganisms, the plants and the animals. The biomass waste is waste generated by production and consumption of human beings in the process of utilizing biomass, still belongs to the macroscopic category of biomass, but the energy density, the availability and the like are obviously reduced.

At present, a large amount of biomass wastes such as various plant straws, corncob cores, potato starch waste residues, grape wine residues, animal wastes and the like exist in rural areas of China. Only by taking plant straws as an example, China generates billions of kilograms of biomass wastes in total every year, wherein the biomass wastes comprise seven hundred million kilograms of agricultural straws and 3 hundred million kilograms of forest wood wastes, the wastes are treated by a treatment method of either being discarded or being combusted, the former causes environmental pollution, wastes a large amount of land and is accumulated useless, and the latter is more serious, so that the huge amount of the wastes has great influence on the climate of the earth after being combusted. Serious environmental pollution is caused to a wide area, and the main reason for haze formation in winter is also caused.

In recent years, under the subsidies of national policies and the supervision of laws and regulations, recycling of biomass wastes, such as the preparation of various activated carbons, feeds, wood-plastic plates, fuels, biomass ethanol, etc., using plant straws has been gaining attention. The research of preparing the activated carbon by using the biomass straws is very many, but the following problems exist: firstly, the carbon yield of the activated carbon prepared from biomass straws is too low, and more than 40% of the carbon yield reported in the literature is very rare at present; secondly, the quality of the activated carbon prepared from the biomass straws is not as good as that of coconut shells or other wood materials, so that the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon is low; thirdly, the ash content in the biomass straws is too high, and the ash content is also a main factor that the quality of the prepared active carbon is not easy to reach the standard.

Among the biomass stalks, corn stalks are the biomass stalk waste with the largest yield. In 2017, the yield of corn straws in China is 2.592 hundred million tons, the quantity is very large, but the real effective utilization rate does not exceed 50%. In literature reports, the most of corn straws are used for preparing water-absorbent resin and activated carbon. Chinese patent application CN 110342510a reports a method for making corn stalk activated carbon, which uses corn stalks as raw materials, and dissolves sodium bicarbonate solution in raw material particles, and utilizes the combined action of the characteristics of carbon dioxide gas and water vapor generated by the thermal decomposition of sodium bicarbonate to change the pore structure of the activated carbon. The specific steps are summarized as follows: 1) crushing corn stalks; 2) preparing a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution; 3) soaking the corn stalk grains in sodium bicarbonate water solution, dewatering and drying; 4) then, extruding and granulating by using a disc granulator; 5) carbonizing the straw particles by using a continuous carbon making machine; 6) and the carbonized carbon particles are cleaned by a grading sieve and conveyed to a drum-type steam activation furnace for activation. The method of the invention can be used for manufacturing modified activated carbon with stronger activity and adsorbability, and the added value of the product is improved. No other pollutant adsorption studies were performed except for conventional performance testing. Chinese patent application CN109850889A reports a method for preparing corn straw activated carbon by a microwave method and converting the corn straw activated carbon into high-quality activated carbon by a microwave heating chemical activation method. The influence of main operation conditions (soaking ratio of the activating agent to the raw material, concentration of the activating agent, soaking time of the activating agent, microwave power and irradiation time) on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon is researched, the optimal process conditions for producing the activated carbon are obtained by an orthogonal experiment method, and the experimental product is used for adsorbing the effluent of secondary biochemical treatment. However, the present invention does not mention the sewage treatment capability. In the document of 'microwave-based preparation of corn straw activated carbon and adsorption of malachite green' reported by lie taimen et al, the corn straw activated carbon is prepared by a zinc chloride activation-microwave method, the adsorption performance of the activated carbon on the malachite green is researched, the optimal adsorption condition, adsorption thermodynamics and kinetic characteristics of the activated carbon on the malachite green are studied, and the prepared activated carbon is weak in adsorption capacity on organic matters. The research on the corn straw biochar and the adsorption mechanism of the biochar on pesticides in water by the paper found that the adsorption effect of the biochar on pesticides is most obvious by compounding the biomass waste related to the corn straws with graphene oxide, but the graphene oxide with high price is used in the preparation process of the adsorbent, so that the preparation method is not beneficial to popularization. Chinese patent application CN108383119A discloses a method for preparing maize straw hierarchical pore activated carbon material by microorganism, which is realized by taking maize straw as raw material and respectively carrying out the steps of crushing, mixing with inorganic culture solution, sterilizing, inoculating and culturing, high-temperature carbonization, grinding and mixing with composite alkali, high-temperature activation, washing, drying and the like. The invention relates to a method for preparing a maize straw hierarchical pore activated carbon material by a microbiological method, wherein raw materials are derived from maize straws, are simple and easy to obtain, change waste into valuable, can solve the problem of maize straw waste treatment, and also provides an activated carbon material with high adsorption capacity to rhodamine B, the equilibrium adsorption capacity to rhodamine B is 1333.32mg/g, which is about 6 times of that of commercial powder activated carbon, and is also twice of that of a straw carbon material prepared by a traditional KOH activation method, the adsorption performance is good, the material stability is good, the material can be placed for 1 year under normal temperature conditions, the adsorption performance to rhodamine B is unchanged, the preparation method is simple and easy, and the method is worthy of market popularization and application. However, rhodamine B is a relatively easy material to adsorb and remove, and the adsorption effect of the hardly-treated nitrophenol compounds is not mentioned. Chinese patent application CN106276891A discloses a method for preparing activated carbon from oil tea shells, which comprises the following steps: step 1, taking camellia oleifera fruit shells, and crushing the camellia oleifera fruit shells to obtain fruit shell particles; step 2, putting the shell particles into a steam activation device for carbonization, introducing steam, heating and activating to obtain a crude product of the activated carbon; step 3, mixing 10 parts of crude active carbon product, 20 parts of acetic acid solution, 3 parts of mannitol, 0.5 part of soybean lecithin, 0.1 part of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and 0.4 part of phenolic resin in parts by weight, soaking at 40 ℃ for 6 hours, and drying to obtain a modified crude product; and 4, mixing 10 parts by weight of the modified crude product with 0.5 part by weight of sodium bicarbonate, heating to 600 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, activating for 90min, cooling to room temperature, boiling and washing with boiling water, and drying to obtain the modified crude product. Chinese patent application CN105148844A discloses a preparation method of an activated carbon filter element material with a sterilization effect, which comprises the following steps: step one, adding 500g of active carbon with the particle size of 100 microns and 125g of polypropylene fiber into 1250g of deionized water, adding 50g of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, heating to boil, and evaporating water to dryness to obtain a solid mixture; dissolving p-hydroxybenzoate in ethanol, wherein the mass concentration of the p-hydroxybenzoate in the ethanol is 20%, so as to obtain a solution I; and step three, adding 500g of the solid mixture into 500g of the solution I, uniformly mixing, heating to 40 ℃ under the vacuum condition of the vacuum degree of 0.02MPa, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, heating and sintering under the nitrogen protection atmosphere, wherein the sintering temperature is 280 ℃, and cooling to room temperature for molding to obtain the activated carbon filter element material with the sterilization effect. Neither of the above patent application documents discloses the action of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, nor does it mention the adsorption effect on nitrophenol compounds.

In the publicly reported literature, no research on the adsorption of picric acid or p-nitrophenol on the activated carbon prepared from the corn stalks is inquired. The authors of the present invention found through long-term research that the main reason is that the functionalized functional groups on the surface of the corn stalk are few and cannot effectively bind the nitrophenol compounds.

The nitrophenol compounds are used as main components of metallurgical wastewater, have great harm and difficult treatment, and become one of the wastewater which is mainly controlled in China at present. The phenol-containing waste water has great harm to human bodies, aquatic organisms and agriculture, and the drinking of the phenol for a long time can cause dizziness, anemia and various nervous system diseases when a water source is polluted.

At present, the treatment of phenol wastewater is mainly catalytic oxidation, the method cannot completely remove phenol pollution, and the treatment of comprehensive wastewater is very difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defect that the adsorption effect of the existing activated carbon on nitrophenol compounds is limited, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of biomass waste activated carbon, and the activated carbon prepared by the method can obviously improve the adsorption of the nitrophenol compounds.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a preparation method of biomass waste activated carbon comprises the following steps:

(a) grafting 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid to the surface of the biomass waste;

(b) carbonizing the biomass waste treated in the step (a) to obtain activated carbon.

Preferably, the step of grafting 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid to the surface of the biomass waste comprises:

(a1) mixing the biomass waste with water, and thermally activating at 100-170 ℃ for 10-20 h;

(a2) after thermal activation, adding an initiator and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, and pre-reacting at 70-90 ℃ for 0.5-1.5 h;

(a3) after the pre-reaction, adding a cross-linking agent, and reacting for 8-15 h at 50-80 ℃.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the biomass waste to the 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid is 1: 0.5 to 2.5.

Preferably, the initiator is potassium persulfate and the crosslinking agent is N, N-methylenebisacrylamide.

More preferably, the amount of the potassium persulfate is 0.1-1% of the mass of the biomass waste, and the amount of the N, N-methylene-bisacrylamide is 0.01-0.1% of the mass of the biomass waste.

Preferably, the step (a2) and the step (a3) are performed under the protection of nitrogen.

Preferably, the step of carbonizing the biomass waste treated in the step (a) to obtain activated carbon comprises:

(b1) impregnating the biomass waste treated in the step (a) with a sodium bicarbonate solution;

(b2) carbonizing the biomass waste treated in the step (b1) at 450-750 ℃ in a carbon dioxide atmosphere for 0.5-2 h to obtain the activated carbon.

More preferably, the concentration of the sodium bicarbonate solution is 5-20 wt%, and the soaking time is 15-30 h. In the invention, sodium bicarbonate is used as an active carbon pore-foaming agent and an activating agent, and carbon dioxide is used as a carbon forming reinforcing agent.

Preferably, the biomass waste is plant straw; preferably, the plant straw is corn straw; more preferably, the corn stover has a particle size D90 of greater than 2500 mesh.

Preferably, the temperature in step (b2) is increased to 450-750 ℃ at a rate of 1-10 ℃/min.

The activated carbon prepared by the method can be used for treating nitrophenol compounds and/or heavy metal ions in wastewater, such as pollutants of p-nitrophenol, lead ions, chromium ions, nickel ions, arsenic ions and the like.

Advantageous effects

According to the invention, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid is innovatively grafted on the surface of biomass by a chemical reaction method, and then carbonized to prepare the biomass active carbon with the surface containing amino and sulfonic groups, and the active carbon particles are used for adsorbing p-nitrophenol, so that the active carbon has super-strong adsorption capacity on p-nitrophenol. Compared with the existing activated carbon, the biomass activated carbon prepared by the method has the following advantages:

1. the biomass activated carbon prepared by the method not only has good adsorption capacity of more than 480mg/g for p-nitrophenol compounds, but also can almost completely remove lead ions, chromium ions, nickel ions and arsenic ions in water, and is a multifunctional comprehensive wastewater adsorbent;

2. the number of times of cyclic utilization with stable performance is large, and when the sludge adsorbing the p-nitrophenol is calcined and then adsorbs the p-nitrophenol again, the adsorption capacity is increased until the circulation is carried out for more than 5 times, and the adsorption capacity is still kept to be more than 98%.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of porous activated carbon as described in example 1;

FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of pure corn stalk activated carbon;

FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of pure 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid polymer carbon;

FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of porous activated carbon according to example 1;

figure 5 is a surface elemental analysis of porous activated carbon as described in example 1.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

Example 1

Preparing a porous activated carbon material: superfine grinding of corn straws to D90 which is larger than 2500 meshes, weighing 100g, putting into a 500ml flask, adding 300g of distilled water, carrying out thermal activation for 15h at 150 ℃, then cooling to room temperature, sequentially adding 0.5g of potassium persulfate and 125g of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid serving as initiators, carrying out pre-reaction for 1h at 80 ℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere, freezing the reaction mixture by liquid nitrogen, adding 0.05g N, taking N-methylene bisacrylamide as a cross-linking agent, degassing for more than 10 times, slowly heating to 70 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and keeping the reaction at the temperature for more than 10 h. And (3) after the reaction is finished, crushing the obtained polymer sample to 2-3 mm particles, and drying. Taking 100g of a dried sample, placing the dried sample in 500mL of 10% sodium bicarbonate solution, standing for more than 24h, filtering a product, carrying out ventilation drying, placing the dried sample treated by the sodium bicarbonate in a rotary tube furnace, heating to 5 ℃ per minute at 50r/min, heating to 550 ℃ under the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, then keeping the temperature for 1h, switching to nitrogen protection, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the porous activated carbon material with the particle size of 0.5-1 mm (the carbon yield is 67%), wherein the infrared spectrum of the porous activated carbon material is shown in figure 1, the scanning electron microscope photograph is shown in figure 4, the elemental analysis is shown in figure 5, and the specific surface area test results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 porous activated carbon specific surface area test

As can be seen from FIG. 1, 3429cm^-1Is the N-H, O-H stretching vibration peak, 2920, 2850cm^-1Is methyl, methylene stretching vibration peak, 1776cm^-1，1438cm^-1，1141cm^-1is-COOH, C ═ O, -OH stretching vibration peak, 1604cm^-1Is C ═ O stretching vibration peak, 1438cm^-1Is C-H bending vibration peak, 1334cm^-1，1274cm^-1，1141cm^-1is-SO₃Peak of stretching vibration, 993cm^-1，879cm^-1，628cm^-1: C-H is out-of-plane bending vibration, and FIG. 1 can prove that the invention successfully grafts 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid on the surface of corn straw, and the prepared porous carbon material is a compound of the two.

Comparative example 1

Preparing pure corn straw activated carbon: superfine pulverizing corn stalk to D90 of more than 2500 meshes, weighing 100g, placing into 500ml flask, adding 300g distilled water, heat activating at 150 deg.C for 15h, filtering, and air drying. Taking 100g of a dried sample, placing the dried sample in 500mL of 10% sodium bicarbonate solution, standing for more than 24h, filtering a product, carrying out ventilation drying, placing the dried sample treated by the sodium bicarbonate in a rotary tube furnace, heating to 5 ℃ per minute at 50r/min, heating to 550 ℃ under the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, then keeping the temperature for 1h, switching to nitrogen protection, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain pure corn straw activated carbon with the particle size of 0.5-1 mm, wherein a scanning electron microscope photo is shown in figure 2.

Comparative example 2

Preparation of pure 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid polymeric carbon: 300g of distilled water, 0.5g of potassium persulfate as an initiator and 125g of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid are added in sequence to a 500ml flask, the pre-reaction is carried out for 1h at 80 ℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere, the reaction mixture is frozen by liquid nitrogen, then 0.05g N, N-methylene bisacrylamide is added as a crosslinking agent, the degassing is carried out for more than 10 times, the mixture is slowly heated to 70 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and the reaction is maintained at the temperature for more than 10 h. And (3) after the reaction is finished, crushing the obtained polymer sample to 2-3 mm particles, and drying. Taking 100g of a dried sample, placing the dried sample in 500mL of 10% sodium bicarbonate solution, standing for more than 24h, filtering a product, carrying out ventilation drying, placing the dried sample treated by the sodium bicarbonate in a rotary tube furnace, heating to 5 ℃ per minute at 50r/min, heating to 550 ℃ under the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, then keeping the temperature for 1h, switching to nitrogen protection, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain polymer carbon with the particle size of 0.5-1 mm, wherein a scanning electron microscope photo is shown in figure 3.

As can be seen from FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5, the pure corn stalk activated carbon, the polymer carbon and the porous activated carbon of example 1 have completely different morphologies, which indicates that we successfully prepared a new substance. Through surface element analysis, the invention can also find that the 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid is successfully grafted to the surface of the corn straw.

Comparative example 3

Unlike example 1, the carbon yield of the porous activated carbon was only 31% by replacing the carbon dioxide atmosphere with a nitrogen atmosphere during carbonization.

Example 2

Preparing a porous activated carbon material: superfine grinding of corn straws to D90 which is larger than 2500 meshes, weighing 100g, putting into a 500ml flask, adding 300g of distilled water, carrying out thermal activation for 20h at 100 ℃, then cooling to room temperature, sequentially adding 0.1g of potassium persulfate and 50g of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid which are initiators, carrying out pre-reaction for 1.5h at 70 ℃ under the nitrogen atmosphere, freezing the reaction mixture by liquid nitrogen, adding 0.01g N N-methylene bisacrylamide which is a cross-linking agent, degassing for more than 10 times, slowly heating to 80 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and keeping the reaction for 15h at the temperature. And (3) after the reaction is finished, crushing the obtained polymer sample to 2-3 mm particles, and drying. Taking 100g of dried sample, placing the dried sample in 500mL of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, standing for 30h, filtering the product, carrying out ventilation drying, placing the dried sample treated by the sodium bicarbonate in a rotary tube furnace, heating to 10 ℃ per minute at 50r/min, heating to 750 ℃ under the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, then keeping the temperature for 0.5h, then switching to nitrogen protection, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the porous activated carbon material.

Example 3

Preparing a porous activated carbon material: superfine grinding of corn straws to D90 which is larger than 2500 meshes, weighing 100g of the corn straws, putting the corn straws into a 500ml flask, adding 300g of distilled water, carrying out thermal activation for 10 hours at 170 ℃, then cooling to room temperature, sequentially adding 1g of potassium persulfate and 250g of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid which are used as initiators, carrying out pre-reaction for 0.5 hour at 90 ℃ under the nitrogen atmosphere, freezing the reaction mixture by liquid nitrogen, adding 0.1g N, taking N-methylene bisacrylamide as a cross-linking agent, degassing for more than 10 times, slowly heating to 50 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and keeping the reaction for 8 hours at the temperature. And (3) after the reaction is finished, crushing the obtained polymer sample to 2-3 mm particles, and drying. Taking 100g of dried sample, placing the dried sample in 500mL of 20% sodium bicarbonate solution, standing for 15h, filtering the product, carrying out ventilation drying, placing the dried sample treated by the sodium bicarbonate in a rotary tube furnace, heating to 1 ℃ per minute at 50r/min, heating to 450 ℃ under the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, then keeping the temperature for 2h, then switching to nitrogen protection, and slowly cooling to room temperature to obtain the porous activated carbon material.

Example 4

Activated carbon adsorption experiments:

15mg of the porous activated carbon prepared according to the present invention was put in a 50mL iodine flask, and 15mL of the solution (pH 5) was added thereto, and the mixture was put in a constant temperature water bath shaker at 30 ℃ and 160rpm and shaken. Bottle one: the initial concentration of the p-nitrophenol in the solution is 500mg/L, and the concentration of the lead ions is 100 mg/L; bottle II: the initial concentration of the p-nitrophenol in the solution is 500mg/L, and the concentration of the chromium ions is 100 mg/L; bottle III: the initial concentration of the p-nitrophenol in the solution is 500mg/L, and the concentration of the nickel ions is 100 mg/L; bottle four: the initial concentration of p-nitrophenol in the solution is 500mg/L, and the concentration of arsenic ions is 100 mg/L.

The detailed adsorption results are shown in table 2: the removal rate of the p-nitrophenol is over 96 percent, and the removal rate of various metal ions reaches over 99.5 percent. In order to illustrate the superiority of the porous activated carbon prepared by the present invention over pure corn stalk activated carbon (hereinafter referred to as pure carbon) and pure 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid polymer carbon (hereinafter referred to as polymer carbon), the present invention also prepares pure carbon and polymer carbon by the same method and applies them to the above wastewater treatment, and the results are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 adsorption Properties of different carbon materials

Example 5

And (3) recycling of porous activated carbon: taking 100g of porous activated carbon sludge which is completely adsorbed with p-nitrophenol, carrying out ventilation drying at 80-100 ℃ for 2-5 h, then putting the sludge into a rotary tube furnace, heating to 5 ℃ per minute at 50r/min, heating to 550 ℃ under the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, then keeping the temperature for 1h, and then switching to nitrogen protection and slowly cooling to room temperature. The adsorption capacity is still maintained above 98% after the cyclic utilization for more than 5 times.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of biomass waste activated carbon comprises the following steps:

(b) carbonizing the biomass waste treated in the step (a) to obtain activated carbon;

the mass ratio of the biomass waste to the 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid is 1: 0.5-2.5.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the step of grafting 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid to the surface of the biomass waste comprises:

3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the mass ratio of the biomass waste to the 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid is 1: 0.5-2.5.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein: the initiator is potassium persulfate, and the cross-linking agent is N, N-methylene bisacrylamide.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein: the amount of the potassium persulfate is 0.1-1% of the mass of the biomass waste, and the amount of the N, N-methylene bisacrylamide is 0.01-0.1% of the mass of the biomass waste.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the step of carbonizing the biomass waste treated in the step (a) to obtain activated carbon comprises the following steps:

7. The method of claim 6, wherein: the concentration of the sodium bicarbonate solution is 5-20 wt%, and the dipping time is 15-30 h.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the biomass waste is plant straw.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the plant straw is corn straw.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein: the granularity D90 of the corn straws is larger than 2500 meshes.

11. An activated carbon produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. Use of the activated carbon of claim 11 for the treatment of nitrophenol compounds and/or heavy metal ions in wastewater.