CN115367751A - Biomass porous activated carbon, preparation method thereof and application thereof in lead-acid battery - Google Patents
Biomass porous activated carbon, preparation method thereof and application thereof in lead-acid battery Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009656 pre-carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 240000005561 Musa balbisiana Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000234295 Musa Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 3
- PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead sulfate Chemical compound [PbH4+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009279 wet oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
- C01B32/348—Metallic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
- H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses biomass porous activated carbon, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in lead-acid batteries, and particularly relates to the technical field of preparation of porous activated carbon, which comprises the following specific steps: step one, deashing treatment; step two, removing lignin; step three, performing pre-carbonization treatment on the raw materials in the step two; step four, adding the raw materials treated in the step three into a ball mill for grinding treatment to obtain biomass carbon powder; and step five, adding an activating agent into the carbon powder, then performing activation treatment in protective gas, and then cleaning and drying by hydrochloric acid and deionized water to obtain the biomass porous activated carbon material. The method adopts the lignin-removed banana stems as the carbon source, has wide sources, low cost and high economic value benefit, and the prepared biomass porous activated carbon material has large specific surface area, adjustable pore diameter and good conductivity and stability, and meets the requirements of lead-acid battery additives.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of porous activated carbon, in particular to biomass porous activated carbon, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in lead-acid batteries.
Background
Activated carbon is a carbon material having high adsorption performance, and due to its abundant pore structure, developed specific surface area and excellent adsorption performance, it is widely used for purification of liquid and gas, solvent recovery, as a catalyst carrier, etc., and its demand has increased year by year. As most of the raw materials for preparing the activated carbon are non-renewable resources of coal, with the increasing serious problem of energy and environment, agricultural and forest waste and the like are taken as the raw materials for preparing the activated carbon, which has become a necessary choice.
The activated carbon can be mainly divided into coal (anthracite, non-sticky or weakly sticky bituminous coal, long-flame coal, lignite and peat) activated carbon, chemical raw material-based (petroleum asphalt, waste rubber and other waste high polymer materials) activated carbon, biomass-based (wood chips, nut shells, straws, animal bones and blood) activated carbon and the like according to different sources of the activated carbon, generally has the advantages of developed pore structure, good stability, greenness, renewability and the like, and is widely applied to various fields of catalyst carriers, gas separation, sensors, medical intermediates, water purification, air purification, chemical separation, membrane separation and the like. Depending on the activation mechanism of biomass activated carbon production, activation methods can be classified into two categories: physical activation and chemical activation. The physical activation method is a method in which the raw material is first carbonized at a low temperature in an inert gas atmosphere and then activated at a high temperature with an oxygen-containing gas such as carbon dioxide or steam. Activated carbon prepared by physical activation generally has high yield and bulk density, but is etched to a low degree and exhibits relatively low specific surface area and pore volume. Chemical activation, also known as wet oxidation, impregnates the activator into the precursor by heat treatment under an inert atmosphere and washing to produce activated carbon. Compared with a physical activation method, the chemical activation method has the advantages of low activation temperature, short reaction time, easiness in regulating and controlling the pore structure and the like, and is a main method for preparing the high-performance activated carbon material at the present stage. Currently, potassium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, zinc chloride and the like are commonly used chemical activators.
The active carbon has good application prospect in the application aspect of lead-acid batteries as an energy storage material. The addition of the activated carbon can effectively improve the utilization rate of the lead active substance and simultaneously inhibit the growth of lead sulfate crystals. Meanwhile, the structure and characteristics of the activated carbon have great influence on the performance of the lead-acid battery. The biomass-based activated carbon has good research and application values due to the advantages of developed pore structure, high specific surface area, good conductivity and stability, low price and the like.
At present, rice hull-based and coconut shell-based bio-based activated carbon is widely applied to lead-acid batteries, chinese patent documents disclose 'a biomass porous activated carbon material, a preparation method and application thereof', the application publication number is CN201910630115.1, and the specific surface area of the rice hull-based activated carbon prepared by the invention is up to 1200m 2 The surface of the activated carbon has rich pore structures, so that the sulfation of the negative electrode can be obviously improved, and the cycle life of the battery can be prolonged. However, the biomass-based activated carbon prepared by the method is relatively complex in preparation process and relatively high in production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides the biomass porous activated carbon, the preparation method thereof and the application thereof in the lead-acid battery, the banana stems without lignin are used as the carbon source, the source is wide, the cost is low, the generated economic value benefit is high, in addition, the raw material has low impurity content and a certain pore structure, the prepared biomass porous activated carbon material has large specific surface area, adjustable pore diameter and good conductivity and stability, meets the requirement of the lead-acid battery additive, can obviously improve and limit the growth of lead sulfate crystals, prolongs the cycle life, and thus can contribute to improving the performance of the lead-acid battery, the preparation method is simple, the period is short, the cost is low, and the industrial production requirement is met, so that the problem of higher production cost caused by complex preparation process in the prior art is solved.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: the preparation method of the biomass porous activated carbon comprises the following specific steps:
step one, deashing treatment: adding banana stems and deionized water into a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 30 ℃ according to the proportion of 200g/500ml, then oscillating at a constant speed for 3 hours, filtering, and placing filter residues obtained by filtering in a drying oven at 150 ℃ for drying for 12 hours;
step two, removing lignin: sequentially carrying out calcium oxide pretreatment and sodium hydroxide cooking on the filter residue obtained in the first step, wherein the calcium oxide pretreatment time is 12-24 hours, the sodium hydroxide cooking time is 6-12 hours, removing lignin, and then placing the filter residue in a drying oven for drying at the drying temperature of 80-100 ℃ for 12-48 hours;
step three, performing pre-carbonization treatment on the raw materials in the step two, putting the raw materials into a quartz reactor, connecting a pipeline, introducing inert gas to purge residual air in a reaction system for 20min, starting an electric heating furnace, heating to a specified temperature, and performing carbonization treatment, wherein the pre-carbonization temperature is 300-400 ℃;
step four, adding the raw materials treated in the step three into a ball mill for grinding treatment to obtain biomass carbon powder;
and fifthly, adding an activating agent into the carbon powder, then carrying out activation treatment in protective gas, heating the mixture by adopting microwave radiation, setting the irradiation time for 30min, and then cleaning and drying by using hydrochloric acid and deionized water to obtain the biomass porous activated carbon material.
Further, in the third step, the pre-carbonization treatment time is 1 to 4 hours
Further, in the fifth step, the granularity of the carbon powder is 40-60 meshes, the activating agent is an alkaline activating agent or a metal salt activating agent, and the heating rate of the activating treatment is controlled to be 2-10 ℃/min.
Further, the addition amount of the alkaline activator is that the mass ratio of the alkaline to the carbon is 1:1 to 1:10, the alkaline activator is selected from one or more of potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate.
Further, the metal salt activator is selected from one or more of zinc chloride and ferric chloride; the concentration of the metal salt activator is 2-30 wt%.
Further, in the third step, the inert gas is selected from one of nitrogen and argon.
Further, in the fifth step, the carbon powder is required to be placed in a hydrochloric acid solution for soaking for 6-12 hours in the acid washing process.
The invention also provides biomass porous activated carbon which is prepared by any one of the preparation methods of the biomass porous activated carbon.
The invention also provides application of the biomass porous activated carbon in a lead-acid battery, wherein the biomass porous activated carbon is used as an additive to be applied to the lead-acid battery.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the method adopts the lignin-removed banana stems as the carbon source, has wide sources, low cost and high economic value and benefit, and in addition, the raw materials have low impurity content and certain pore structure.
2. The biomass porous activated carbon material prepared by the invention has the advantages of large specific surface area, adjustable pore diameter and good conductivity and stability, meets the requirements of lead-acid battery additives, can remarkably improve and limit the growth of lead sulfate crystals, prolongs the cycle life, and is helpful for improving the performance of lead-acid batteries.
3. The preparation method is simple, short in period and low in cost, meets the requirements of industrial production, and can effectively improve the yield of the activated carbon and the efficiency of industrial production by heating the mixture with microwave radiation in the activation treatment process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, the proportions, the sizes, and the like shown in the specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical essence, and any modifications of the structures, changes of the proportion relation, or adjustments of the sizes, should still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a biomass porous activated carbon material prepared in example 1 provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is an SEM image of a biomass porous activated carbon material prepared in example 2 provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
referring to the attached figure 1 of the specification, the preparation method of the biomass porous activated carbon comprises the following specific steps:
step one, deashing treatment: adding banana stems and deionized water into a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 30 ℃ according to the proportion of 200g/500ml, then oscillating at a constant speed for 3 hours, filtering and cleaning for 3 times, and placing filter residues obtained by filtering in a drying oven at 150 ℃ for drying for 12 hours;
step two, removing lignin: pretreating the filter residue obtained in the first step in a saturated calcium oxide solution for 24 hours, then placing the filter residue in sodium hydroxide for cooking to remove lignin for 12 hours, and then drying the filter residue in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours;
step three, performing pre-carbonization treatment on the raw materials in the step two, putting the raw materials into a quartz reactor, connecting a pipeline, introducing inert gas to purge residual air in a reaction system for 20min, starting an electric heating furnace, heating to a specified temperature, performing carbonization treatment at the pre-carbonization temperature of 300 ℃, and treating for 3h to obtain biomass charcoal;
step four, adding the biomass carbon treated in the step three into a ball mill for grinding treatment to obtain biomass carbon powder with the granularity of 50 meshes;
step five, weighing 20g of biomass carbon powder according to the following carbon: the mass ratio of alkali is 1:1, 20g of potassium hydroxide was added, followed by milling for 10 minutes. And (3) putting the uniformly mixed sample in a nitrogen atmosphere of a high-temperature furnace, heating the mixture by adopting microwave radiation, setting the irradiation time for 30min, simultaneously heating to 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2h, and naturally cooling to room temperature. After being washed by hydrochloric acid, the biomass porous carbon material is washed by deionized water to be neutral, and then is placed in an oven to be dried for 12 hours at 60 ℃, so as to prepare the biomass porous carbon material, wherein the SEM picture of the figure is shown in figure 1, and the prepared biomass porous carbon material is shown to be in a porous structure.
Example 2:
example 2 differs from example 1 in that potassium hydroxide is added in the following amounts: the mass ratio of alkali is 1:2, the activation temperature is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1h, and the rest processes are completely the same.
Referring to the attached figure 1 of the specification, the preparation method of the biomass porous activated carbon comprises the following specific steps:
step one, deashing treatment: adding banana stems and deionized water into a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 30 ℃ according to the proportion of 200g/500ml, then oscillating at a constant speed for 3 hours, filtering and cleaning for 3 times, and placing filter residues obtained by filtering in a drying oven at 150 ℃ for drying for 12 hours;
step two, removing lignin: pretreating the filter residue obtained in the first step in a saturated calcium oxide solution for 24 hours, then placing the filter residue in sodium hydroxide for cooking to remove lignin for 12 hours, and then drying the filter residue in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours;
step three, performing pre-carbonization treatment on the raw materials in the step two, putting the raw materials into a quartz reactor, connecting a pipeline, introducing inert gas to purge residual air in a reaction system for 20min, starting an electric heating furnace, heating to a specified temperature, performing carbonization treatment at the pre-carbonization temperature of 300 ℃, and treating for 3h to obtain biomass charcoal;
step four, adding the biomass carbon treated in the step three into a ball mill for grinding treatment to obtain biomass carbon powder with the granularity of 50 meshes;
step five, weighing 20g of biomass carbon powder according to the following carbon: the mass ratio of alkali is 1:2, 40g of potassium hydroxide was added, followed by milling for 10 minutes. And (3) putting the uniformly mixed sample in a nitrogen atmosphere of a high-temperature furnace, heating the mixture by adopting microwave radiation, setting the irradiation time for 30min, simultaneously heating to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 1h, and naturally cooling to room temperature. After being washed by hydrochloric acid, the biomass porous carbon material is washed to be neutral by deionized water and then is dried in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to prepare the biomass porous carbon material, wherein the SEM figure of the drawing shows that the prepared biomass porous carbon material is in a porous structure as shown in figure 2.
Example 3:
example 3 differs from example 1 in that the activator in step five is a metal salt activator and the rest of the process is the same.
The preparation method of the biomass porous activated carbon of the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
step one, deashing treatment: adding banana stems and deionized water into a 30-DEG C constant-temperature water bath according to the proportion of 80ml/g, then oscillating at a constant speed for 3 hours, filtering and cleaning for 3 times, and placing filter residues obtained by filtering in a 150-DEG C drying oven for drying for 12 hours;
step two, removing lignin: pretreating the filter residue obtained in the step one in a saturated calcium oxide solution for 24 hours, putting the filter residue into sodium hydroxide for cooking to remove lignin for 12 hours, and then drying the filter residue in an oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours;
step three, performing pre-carbonization treatment on the raw materials in the step two, putting the raw materials into a quartz reactor, connecting a pipeline, introducing inert gas to purge residual air in a reaction system for 20min, starting an electric heating furnace, heating to a specified temperature, performing carbonization treatment at the pre-carbonization temperature of 300 ℃, and treating for 3h to obtain biomass charcoal;
step four, adding the biomass carbon treated in the step three into a ball mill for grinding treatment to obtain biomass carbon powder with the granularity of 50 meshes;
step five, weighing 20g of biomass carbon powder, and placing the biomass carbon powder in ZnCl of which the concentration is 0.5g/ml 2 Fully stirring the solution, then placing the solution in a drying oven to dry for 12h at 60 ℃, then placing the solution in a nitrogen atmosphere of a high-temperature furnace, heating the mixture by adopting microwave radiation, setting the irradiation time for 30min, simultaneously heating the mixture to 700 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2h, naturally cooling the mixture to room temperature, washing the mixture by adopting deionized water for 2 times after acid washing, and then placing the mixture in the drying oven to dry for 12h to obtain the biomass porous activated carbon material.
Example 4:
the biomass activated carbon prepared according to the prior art is used as a control group to be compared with the biomass porous activated carbon prepared according to the three embodiments, and the comparison is respectively carried out from the six aspects of the preparation period, the preparation cost, the preparation process difficulty, the specific surface area, the conductivity and the stability, wherein the conductivity of the activated carbon is represented by the resistivity of the activated carbon, the conductivity of the activated carbon is better when the resistivity is known to be smaller, and the comparison result is shown in the following table:
from the above statistical table, it can be concluded that the time required for the porous activated carbon prepared by the methods in examples 1, 2 and 3 is shorter than the preparation time in the control group, the cost of the activated carbon prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 is lower than the cost of the control group, the preparation process difficulty of the three examples is simpler than that of the control group, the specific surface area of the activated carbon prepared in the three examples is larger than that of the activated carbon prepared in the control group, and the resistivity of the activated carbon prepared in the three examples is smaller than that of the activated carbon in the control group, so that the conductivity of the activated carbon prepared in the three examples is better than that of the control group.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all such modifications and alterations be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the biomass porous activated carbon is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, deashing treatment: adding banana stems and deionized water into a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 30 ℃ according to the proportion of 200g/500ml, then oscillating at a constant speed for 3 hours, filtering, and placing filter residues obtained by filtering in a drying oven at 150 ℃ for drying for 12 hours;
step two, removing lignin: sequentially carrying out calcium oxide pretreatment and sodium hydroxide cooking on the filter residue obtained in the first step, wherein the calcium oxide pretreatment time is 12-24 hours, the sodium hydroxide cooking time is 6-12 hours, removing lignin, and then placing the filter residue in a drying oven for drying at the drying temperature of 80-100 ℃ for 12-48 hours;
step three, performing pre-carbonization treatment on the raw materials in the step two, putting the raw materials into a quartz reactor, connecting a pipeline, introducing inert gas to purge residual air in a reaction system for 20min, starting an electric heating furnace, heating to a specified temperature, and performing carbonization treatment, wherein the pre-carbonization temperature is 300-400 ℃;
step four, adding the raw materials treated in the step three into a ball mill for grinding treatment to obtain biomass carbon powder;
and step five, adding an activating agent into the carbon powder, then carrying out activation treatment in protective gas, mixing the selected activating agent with the carbon powder, heating the mixture by adopting microwave radiation, setting the irradiation time for 30min, and then cleaning and drying by using hydrochloric acid and deionized water to obtain the biomass porous activated carbon material.
2. The preparation method of the biomass porous activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the pre-carbonization treatment time is 1-4 h.
3. The biomass-porous activated carbon as claimed in claim 1, which is produced by a process comprising: in the fifth step, the granularity of the carbon powder is 40-60 meshes, the activating agent is an alkaline activating agent or a metal salt activating agent, and the temperature rise rate of the activating treatment is controlled to be 2-10 ℃/min.
4. The preparation method of the biomass porous activated carbon according to claim 3, characterized in that: the addition amount of the alkaline activator is that the mass ratio of the alkali to the carbon is 1:1 to 1:10, the alkaline activator is selected from one or more of potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate.
5. The preparation method of the biomass porous activated carbon according to claim 3, characterized in that: the metal salt activating agent is selected from one or more of zinc chloride and ferric chloride; the concentration of the metal salt activator is 2-30 wt%.
6. The preparation method of the biomass porous activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step three, the inert gas is selected from one of nitrogen and argon.
7. The preparation method of the biomass porous activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fifth step, the carbon powder is required to be soaked in a hydrochloric acid solution for 6 to 12 hours in the acid washing process.
8. A porous biomass activated carbon, comprising: the biomass porous activated carbon is prepared by the preparation method of the biomass porous activated carbon of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Use of the biomass porous activated carbon of claim 8 in a lead acid battery, wherein: the biomass porous activated carbon is used as an additive to be applied to a lead-acid battery.
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