CN117549013B - New energy automobile aluminum wheel casting spinning manufacturing method - Google Patents
New energy automobile aluminum wheel casting spinning manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117549013B CN117549013B CN202410032842.9A CN202410032842A CN117549013B CN 117549013 B CN117549013 B CN 117549013B CN 202410032842 A CN202410032842 A CN 202410032842A CN 117549013 B CN117549013 B CN 117549013B
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
Abstract
The invention discloses a new energy automobile aluminum wheel casting and spinning manufacturing method, which comprises a wheel disc, a rim and a plurality of spokes connecting the wheel disc and the rim, wherein a large window is formed between the adjacent spokes, one end of the rim, which is connected with the spokes, is reversely extended to form an outer rim, the tail end of the outer rim is provided with an ear protector extending from the same side, the axial distance between the ear protector and the spokes is larger than that between the outer rim and the spokes, and the inner peripheral surface of the ear protector forms a positioning surface in the casting spinning processing stage. According to the invention, a more accurate positioning surface is provided for the spinning process through the improvement of the aluminum wheel structure, and the problem that the ovality of the rim does not reach the standard due to low positioning precision in the prior art is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing of automobile light alloy wheels, in particular to a new energy automobile aluminum wheel casting and spinning manufacturing method, and particularly relates to research on large-size and wide-rim wheels.
Background
The aluminum alloy material has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, strong metallic luster, high corrosion resistance, good heat dissipation performance and the like, and is widely applied to automobile parts, and particularly the loading rate of the cast aluminum alloy wheel taking Al-Si-Mg as the material on a new energy passenger car exceeds 90 percent. In recent years, with the rapid development of the automobile industry, automobile tires have rapidly developed to be tubeless, large in diameter, and flat. On one hand, the contact area between the flattened tire with the large diameter and the ground is larger, the adhesive force and the friction force between the automobile and the ground are increased, and the steering performance of the automobile is better, so that the safety and the comfort of the automobile are improved; on the other hand, the large-diameter flattened tire is matched with the corresponding wheel, so that the modern, overlooking and fashionable performances are more obvious, and the vehicle is deeply favored by young vehicle playing groups; as tires rapidly develop towards tubeless, large-diameter and flattened tires, aluminum alloy wheels matched with the tires have an increasing trend towards large-diameter and wide rims. The rim width of wheels assembled in the middle and high-end automobile market in the United states is generally 10 '-12', and the rim width of wheels assembled in part of the high-end automobiles is 14 '-even 16'.
Currently, new energy automobiles represented by pure electric automobiles, hybrid electric automobiles and fuel cell automobiles are rapidly growing worldwide, particularly in China. The new energy automobile has the whole weight of 250-400 Kg greater than that of the fuel oil automobile with the same specification, and the driving system is characterized by large driving motor power and torque density, high torque, strong overload capacity and large instant starting torque. The aluminum alloy wheel is used as one of key components of a new energy automobile driving system, and the safety and the reliability of the aluminum alloy wheel are far higher than those of a conventional fuel automobile; meanwhile, the new energy automobile has higher and higher requirements on light weight due to the influence of factors such as battery weight, endurance mileage and the like; among all the automobile parts, one of the most valuable automobile parts for energy saving and emission reduction of automobiles is a driving system part below an axle, namely automobile wheels. Studies have shown that: the new energy automobile adopts the light high-strength aluminum wheel to replace the traditional aluminum wheel, and can reduce the energy consumption of the whole automobile by more than 3 percent. Meanwhile, as the new energy automobile is generally heavier than the same-level traditional automobile, the wheels of the new energy automobile bear larger load, and the requirements on strength and fatigue resistance are higher.
At present, the aluminum wheel industry in China commonly adopts an A356.2 material and a low-pressure casting process, and has the defects of large filling distance, large shrinkage cavity, looseness, undercasting and other macroscopic defects generated in the casting process when casting large-diameter and wide rim products, particularly, the rim has low compactness and poor air tightness, and the mechanical properties of different areas of the casting are obviously different, and aiming at the defects in the industry, the requirements of safety and reliability of the products are generally met by increasing the thickness of the effective sections of a wheel disc and a spoke or the performance requirements of the products are met by forging, so that the energy conservation, environmental protection and endurance mileage are seriously influenced, and the light-weight requirements of the automobile industry cannot be met.
More recent researches in industry are to enhance large-size and wide-rim aluminum wheels in a mode of casting, spinning and compounding to manufacture the automobile aluminum wheels so as to improve the mechanical properties of spokes and wheel discs, improve the compactness and toughness of the rims, achieve certain effects in certain aspects, and meanwhile, researchers find that the following problems are urgent to be solved:
firstly, the ductility of the material is insufficient, and the material is easy to crack in the spinning process.
Secondly, the spinning process is not perfect enough, the spinning is unstable, and the spinning efficiency is low.
Thirdly, the spinning cutter and the casting are easy to be adhered in the spinning process, so that the surface finish of the spinning piece is low.
Fourthly, the clamping and positioning precision in the spinning process is insufficient, and the ovality of the rim can not meet the requirement.
Fifthly, spinning equipment is crude, control precision is low, and intelligence is low.
Therefore, technical research personnel and research institutions in the industry hope to solve the problems, breakthrough is achieved in the aluminum alloy wheel casting and spinning manufacturing method and spinning machine technology, and the large-size, wide-rim, high-strength and high-toughness lightweight aluminum alloy wheel is fully applied to manufacturing of new energy automobiles, so that a foundation is laid for further realizing the lightweight target in the automobile industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a new energy automobile aluminum wheel casting and spinning manufacturing method to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, clamping and positioning are insufficient in the spinning process, so that the ovality of a rim cannot meet the requirements, and the surface finish of a spinning piece is insufficient.
The invention provides an aluminum wheel manufactured by adopting a casting spinning process, which comprises a wheel disc, a rim and a plurality of spokes connecting the wheel disc and the rim, wherein a large window is formed between the adjacent spokes, one end of the rim, which is connected with the spokes, is reversely extended with an outer rim, the tail end of the outer rim is provided with an ear protector extending from the same side, the axial distance between the ear protector and the spokes is larger than that between the outer rim and the spokes, and the inner peripheral surface of the ear protector forms a positioning surface in the casting spinning processing stage.
Further, the material element composition of the aluminum wheel is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 elemental composition of materials for aluminum wheels
。
The invention also provides a new energy automobile aluminum wheel casting and spinning manufacturing method, which is used for manufacturing the aluminum wheel manufactured by adopting the casting and spinning process and comprises the following steps of:
s1: and manufacturing castings, forming the appearance of the aluminum wheel, and manufacturing a spinning die and a positioning die.
S2: and (3) spinning, namely placing the casting on a spinning die, positioning the casting on the inner peripheral surface of the lug by positioning die, and spinning by adopting a spinning machine to form a spinning piece.
S3: the spinning piece is put into a heat treatment furnace for solid solution, quenching and aging treatment, so that the toughness of the spinning piece is improved.
S4: and (3) mechanically processing the spinning piece in the step (S3), and adjusting the matching size of the spinning piece and the tire.
S5: and carrying out surface coating processing on the machined workpiece.
Further, in step S1, the manufacturing process of the casting includes the following steps:
s11: and manufacturing a blank by adopting a pressure casting process, wherein the formed blank comprises a wheel disc, a wheel rim, a spoke, an outer rim and a lug.
S12: and (3) primarily processing the blank to form a casting, and processing a rim processing surface, a spoke rib back processing surface, a central positioning hole and a wheel disc processing surface on the blank, wherein the rim processing surface and the positioning surface are axial positioning references, the central positioning hole is a positioning center, and the spoke rib back processing surface and the wheel disc processing surface are horizontal positioning references.
S13: and (3) performing ductility treatment on the castings, loading the castings into a heat treatment furnace, and heating the castings in a heating manner.
Further, in step S11, the casting temperature of the cast blank is 670 ℃ to 680 ℃; the press-charging process parameters and cooling process parameters of the cast blank are shown in tables 2 and 3:
TABLE 2 pressure charging process parameters for cast blanks
；
TABLE 3 Cooling process parameters of cast blanks
。
Further, in the step S13, the temperature rising speed of the casting in the temperature rising process is 8.0+/-1.0 ℃/min, the casting is kept at 530+/-5.0 ℃ for 3.5+/-0.5 hours, and the casting is transferred into an incubator to be kept at 380+/-5.0 ℃ after being discharged from the furnace.
Further, in the step S3, the solid solution temperature of the spinning piece in a heat treatment furnace is 530+/-5.0 ℃, and the solid solution temperature is kept for 1.5+/-0.5 hours; the quenching transfer time is less than or equal to 20 seconds, and the quenching water temperature is 70-85 ℃; the aging temperature is 150+/-5.0 ℃, and the aging temperature is kept for 3.0+/-0.5 hours.
Further, in step S2, the spinning machine includes a platform assembly, a grabbing mechanism and a pressing roller assembly, the platform assembly includes an upper platform, a moving platform, a spinning platform and a lower platform which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the spinning die is placed on the spinning platform, the upper platform is provided with a jacking assembly, the jacking assembly is suitable for jacking the top of the positioning die, the grabbing mechanism moves up and down synchronously with the moving platform, the grabbing mechanism is suitable for grabbing the spinning piece, and the pressing roller assembly is provided with a pressing roller in friction contact with the outer surface of a rim of the spinning piece.
Further, the pressing roller assembly comprises a roller seat, a roller handle, a translation assembly and a telescopic driving piece, wherein the roller seat is connected with the translation assembly, one end of the roller handle is connected with the roller seat, the pressing roller is rotationally connected with the other end of the roller handle, two ends of the telescopic driving piece are rotationally connected with the roller handle and the roller seat respectively, and the translation assembly drives the pressing roller to move along the horizontal direction or the vertical direction so as to realize spinning feeding in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
Further, a demoulding assembly is arranged at the bottom of the spinning platform and comprises an elastic propping piece and a push rod connected with the elastic propping piece, and when the elastic propping piece pushes the push rod towards the spinning piece, the push rod pushes the spinning piece.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the new energy automobile aluminum wheel casting and spinning manufacturing method, a more accurate positioning surface is provided for the spinning process through the improvement of the aluminum wheel structure, and the problem that the ovality of the rim is not up to standard due to low positioning accuracy in the prior art is solved.
(2) The invention can effectively improve the mechanical properties of casting rims, spokes and wheel disc area materials, enhance the compactness of the rims, shorten casting period, and remarkably lighten products, and can meet the technical quality requirements of new energy automobiles on large size, wide rims, high performance and light weight.
(3) The product manufactured by the spinning machine has high production efficiency, and the microscopic metallographic structure of the spoke and the wheel disc area of the product is obviously improved by adopting the manufacturing process of casting and spinning, so that the mechanical property of the material is obviously improved, the product has obvious light weight, and the high strength and toughness requirement of the aluminum alloy wheel matched with a new energy vehicle is met. Compared with the prior art, the spinning machine is suitable for batch continuous production, and has a promoting effect on rapidly promoting the light weight of the automobile industry.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a top view of an aluminum wheel manufactured by the new energy automobile aluminum wheel casting and spinning manufacturing method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of an aluminum wheel according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a blank in the new energy automobile aluminum wheel casting and spinning manufacturing method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a spinning die of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of positioning of a positioning die and a spinning member during spinning according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a front view of a casting formed after primary machining of a blank in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 7 is a front view of the spinning machine of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a top view of the spinning machine of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a front view of a spin-on member formed after a spin-on process;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the location of a heating device in a spinning machine according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a front view of a pressure roller assembly (translation assembly not shown) in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a front view of a stripper assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of the ejector plate of the stripper assembly;
fig. 14 is a front view of a translation assembly of the pressure roller assembly of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a wheel disc, 2, a rim, 3, a spoke, 4, a large window, 5, an outer rim, 6, a lug, 601, a positioning surface, 7, a spinning piece, 701, an inner rim, 702, a spinning rim, 8, a casting, 9, a spinning die, 901, a rim shaping surface, 902, a non-slip boss, 903, a center positioning shaft, 904, a jack hole, 10, a positioning die, 11, a spinning machine, 12, a small window, 13, an aluminum wheel, 14, a blank, 15, a rim working surface, 16, a spoke rib back working surface, 17, a center positioning hole, 18, a wheel disc working surface, 19, a platform assembly, 1901, an upper platform, 1902, a moving platform, 1903, a spinning platform, 1904, a lower platform, 1905, a first guide shaft sleeve, 1906, a carrier beam, 1907, a second guide shaft sleeve, 1908, a first bearing, 1909, a connecting shaft, 1910, a pressing plate, 1911, a first hydraulic cylinder, 1912, a second bearing, 1913, a pulley, 1914, transmission shaft, 1915, servo drive motor, 1916, large column, 1917, small column, 20, gripping mechanism, 21, pressing roller assembly, 2101, pressing roller, 2102, roller seat, 2103, translation assembly, 21031, engagement member, 21032, guide post sleeve, 21033, first guide post, 21034, second hydraulic cylinder, 21035, third hydraulic cylinder, 21036, cylinder mount, 2104, telescoping drive, 2105, third bearing, 2106, lubricant nozzle, 2107, roller handle, 22, control cabinet, 23, demolding assembly, 2301, ejector pin, 2302, spring, 2303, cylinder head bolt, 2304, ejector plate, 2305, demolding top plate, 2306, connecting rod, 2307, third guide sleeve, 2308, second guide post, 2309, demolding bottom plate, 2310, fourth hydraulic cylinder, 24, intelligent heating device, 25, thermometer, 26, receiving plate, 27, manipulator, 23028-, and (5) riser.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Embodiment one: as shown in fig. 1-2, an aluminum wheel manufactured by adopting a casting spinning process comprises a wheel disc 1, a rim 2 and a plurality of spokes 3 connecting the wheel disc 1 and the rim 2, wherein a large window 4 is defined between the adjacent spokes 3, one end of the rim 2 connected with the spokes 3 is reversely extended with an outer rim 5, the tail end of the outer rim 5 is provided with an ear protector 6 extending from the same side, the axial distance between the ear protector 6 and the spokes 3 is greater than the axial distance between the outer rim 5 and the spokes 3, and the inner peripheral surface of the ear protector 6 forms a positioning surface 601 in the stage of casting 8 spinning treatment. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the lugs 6 are connected to the outer rim 5 and protrude upwards, the purpose of which is on the one hand to serve as an axial positioning reference during post-processing and on the other hand to prevent damaging the surface of the casting 8 during demolding and during turnaround handling of the casting 8. In the preferred embodiment, each spoke 3 has small windows 12 which reduce the mass of the aluminium wheel 13.
For convenience of description, the wheel shape after initial casting is named as casting 8, and the casting 8 at the spinning stage or after spinning treatment is named as spinning piece 7, so that the casting 8 and the spinning piece 7 are the staged names of the wheel in the manufacturing process, and the part names can be shared.
After the aluminum wheel 13 structure is adopted, the positioning die 10 can be pressed between the lugs 6 (as shown in fig. 5) in the spinning treatment stage, and the positioning is performed through the positioning surface 601, so that compared with the prior art of simply clamping the spinning piece 7 from the outside, the positioning is more comprehensive, and the positioning precision is higher.
Embodiment two: the aluminum wheel 13 is made of an aluminum alloy material, the aluminum alloy generally contains Si, cu, mg, al and other elements, aluminum alloy composition elements with different brands are different, the content of each element is also different, the different element proportions have great influence on the performance of the material, the embodiment limits the aluminum wheel 13 material of the embodiment I, and the material element composition of the aluminum wheel 13 is shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 elemental composition of materials for aluminum wheel 13
。
The aluminum alloy material has good casting property, good ductility, easy spinning treatment and good toughness after heat treatment.
Wherein the content of Al is finally determined, namely, after the other element components are determined, the residual quantity is supplemented by Al, and the content of Al can be 92.00-93.75 after calculation.
Si has the functions of promoting the fluidity of aluminum alloy melt and reducing the contractility in the casting solidification process, and can improve the strength of the material after heat treatment. However, the toughness of the alloy material decreases with an increase in the Si content of the aluminum alloy. The Si element content is selected to be 5.50 to 6.50 in view of the fact that the aluminum alloy material has excellent castability and ductility by adding Si element in this range.
After the Mg element is added, mg and Si separated out from the aluminum alloy during the heat treatment aging strengthening process form Mg 2 Si reinforced phase, high dispersion distribution and alloy, and raised material strength.
The solid solution strengthening and the second phase strengthening effects in the Cu element heat treatment process are obvious, and compared with the Al-Si-Mg alloy, the Cu element heat treatment process has higher mechanical property indexes, and the Cu element content is selected to be 0.15-0.30 percent, so that the shrinkage rate, the ageing strengthening effect and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy material in the crystallization solidification process are influenced after the Cu element is added in the aluminum alloy material.
Ti element is an effective aluminum alloy grain refiner, the refining effect is not obvious due to small addition amount, and the intermetallic compound Al of Ti element and other elements is easily caused due to large addition amount 3 Aggregation segregation of Ti affects alloy performance.
The Sr element has remarkable refining effect on the hypoeutectic silicon, is easy to oxidize and inhale, and the cleanliness of the alloy is affected by the excessive addition amount.
C (n) is graphene, the effect of the graphene on improving the toughness of the metal material is remarkable, when the graphene is lower than 0.002%, the improvement of the mechanical property of the alloy is not remarkable, when the graphene addition amount is higher than 0.002%, the improvement of the mechanical property of the material is gradually improved along with the improvement of the graphene, when the addition amount exceeds 0.008%, the improvement of the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material is not remarkable, and based on the technical scheme of homogenizing the graphene in an alloy melt, the addition amount of the graphene is controlled to be 0.002-0.008%;
cr is a grain refiner, a high-melting-point alloy compound can be formed in an aluminum alloy melt, a crystallization core is formed in the alloy crystallization solidification process, and the fine grain strengthening effect is improved remarkably.
Embodiment III: a new energy automobile aluminum wheel casting and spinning manufacturing method, which is used for manufacturing the aluminum wheel 13, as shown in fig. 1-14, in this embodiment, a new energy automobile aluminum alloy wheel with model specification of 336-2010, rim 2 specification of 20×10J, namely rim 2 diameter of 20 inches (512.8 mm), rim 2 width of 10 inches (254 mm) is prepared by using a casting and spinning composite manufacturing method, and the process comprises the following steps:
S1: the casting 8 is manufactured, the shape of the aluminum wheel 13 is formed, and the spinning die 9 and the positioning die 10 are manufactured.
S2: and (3) spinning, namely placing the casting 8 on a spinning die 9, pressing a positioning die 10 on the inner peripheral surface of the lug 6 for positioning, and spinning by adopting a spinning machine 11 to form a spinning piece 7.
S3: the spinning member 7 is put into a heat treatment furnace to be subjected to solid solution, quenching and aging treatment, thereby improving the toughness of the spinning member 7.
S4: the spinning piece 7 in step S3 is mechanically processed, and the fitting size of the spinning piece 7 and the tire is adjusted.
S5: and carrying out surface coating processing on the machined workpiece.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the aluminum wheel 13 is shaped as five groups of spokes 3, the spokes 3 are in a strip shape, one end of each spoke 3 is connected with the rim 2, the other end is connected with the wheel disc 1, five large windows 4 and five small windows 12.
The spinning die 9 and the positioning die 10 are both used in a spinning machine 11, the spinning piece 7 is placed on the spinning die 9, the positioning die 10 is clamped in the lug 6 of the spinning piece 7, and as shown in fig. 4, the spinning die 9 comprises a rim shaping surface 901, an anti-slip boss 902, a central positioning shaft 903 and a push rod hole 904; the cross-sectional profile of the rim shaping surface 901 corresponds to the cross-sectional profile of the rim 2 of the spinning piece 7; the anti-slip boss 902 is arranged on the top end surface of the spinning die 9, the anti-slip boss 902 on the spinning die 9 is matched with the large window 4, the number of the anti-slip bosses 902 is consistent with that of the large window 4, and the design aims to prevent the spinning process of the rim 2 from being subjected to larger spinning pressure, so that the spinning die 9 and the spinning die 7 relatively rotate; the central positioning shaft 903 is arranged in the central area of the upper end surface of the spinning die 9, the diameter D1 of the central positioning shaft 903 is matched with the inner diameter D2 of the primary processing of the casting 8, and the purpose of the central positioning shaft is to axially position the center of the spinning process of the spinning piece 7, so that the spinning precision of the spinning piece 7 is improved; the ejector pin hole 904 is arranged in the lower circumferential edge area of the spinning die 9 and corresponds to the lower end face of the spinning piece 7; the number of the ejector rod holes 904 can be 8-16 according to the diameter of the rim 2, the ejector rod holes 904 are used for the ejector rods 2301 in the demoulding assembly 23 to penetrate, so that the spun workpiece is ejected and demoulded uniformly, and the rim 2 is prevented from deforming in the demoulding process.
As shown in fig. 5, the positioning die 10 is a positioning fixture on the inner side of the front lug 6 of the spinning piece 7, the inclination of the positioning die 10 is matched with the pattern drawing inclination of the lug 6, a vertical downward force is applied to the center of the positioning die 10, the spinning piece 7 is pressed by the positioning die 10, and meanwhile the positioning die 10 positions the spinning piece 7, so that the purpose is that the spinning piece 7 is fastened on the spinning die 9 to prevent the stressed displacement of a workpiece in the spinning process, and the rim of the spinning piece 7 is axially positioned.
In step S1, the process of making the casting 8 includes the steps of:
s11: manufacturing a blank 14 by adopting a pressure casting process, wherein the formed blank 14 comprises a wheel disc 1, a wheel rim 2, a wheel disc 3, an outer wheel rim 5 and a protective ear 6;
s12: the blank 14 is primarily processed to form a casting 8, a rim processing surface 15, a spoke rib back processing surface 16, a center positioning hole 17 and a wheel disc processing surface 18 are processed on the blank 14, the rim processing surface 15 and the positioning surface 601 are used as axial positioning references, the center positioning hole 17 is used as a positioning center, and the spoke rib back processing surface 16 and the wheel disc processing surface 18 are used as horizontal positioning references.
S13: and (3) performing ductility treatment on the casting 8, loading the casting 8 into a heat treatment furnace, and heating the casting 8 in a heating manner.
The size development of the blank 14 is to ensure that the machining allowance of each part is moderate on the premise of meeting the castability of the casting 8, and the volume of the rim 2 of the pressure casting blank 14 is matched with the designed volume of the rim 2 after spinning by using development software for calculation. Preferably, the rim 2 height L1 of the blank 14 is generally set to 40% to 60% of the height of the spun rim 702 of the spun member 7; the volume of the rim 2 is generally set to 102% -105% of the theoretical rim 2 volume of the spinning piece 7, so that the shortage of spinning rim 702 in the spinning piece 7 is avoided.
Casting 8 castability and process development: the flow condition, the temperature field and temperature gradient condition, the sequential solidification sequence and the potential casting defects and the positions of the defects after crystallization solidification of the aluminum liquid in the cavity of the pressure casting mold in the casting process are simulated by using simulation software, and the targeted improvement is implemented aiming at the simulation analysis, so as to formulate the pouring temperature, the filling process parameters and the cooling process parameters of the casting process of the casting 8. In this embodiment, the casting temperature of the cast blank 14 is 670-680 ℃; the press-charging process parameters and cooling process parameters of the cast blank 14 are shown in tables 2 and 3:
TABLE 2 pressure charging process parameters for cast blank 14
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TABLE 3 Cooling process parameters for cast blank 14
。
Due to the research and development concept of manufacturing the aluminum alloy wheel by adopting casting and spinning composite, the height of the rim 2 of the casting 8 is obviously reduced, the filling pouring distance in the casting process is obviously reduced, the wall thickness of the rim 2 of the casting 8 is increased, the relatively lower pouring temperature can be adopted, the temperature field condition of sequential solidification is convenient to build, the casting process can implement forced cooling on the rim 2, the spoke 3 and the wheel disc 1, the cooling speed in the casting crystallization solidification process is obviously improved, the casting period can be shortened, the crystal grains of the casting 8 are tiny, and the mechanical property of materials can be fully exerted.
In step S12, the primary machining of the blank member 14 is performed by using a numerically controlled lathe, and the primary machined blank member 14 is formed into a rim machining surface 15, a spoke rib back machining surface 16, a center positioning hole 17, and a wheel disc machining surface 18 (as shown in fig. 6), which serve as positioning reference surfaces and positioning holes in the axial direction and the planar direction in the spinning process, and are aimed at improving the spinning accuracy and the dimensional accuracy of the spinning member 7. The primary machining parameters of the embodiment are that a drilling machine is used for drilling a riser 28 on a blank 14 by adopting a twist drill with the diameter phi of 55.0mm, then a numerical control lathe is used for machining the blank 14, and a rim machining surface 15, a spoke rib back machining surface 16, the inner diameter of a center positioning hole 17 and the flatness of a wheel disc machining surface 18 are formed on the surface of the blank 14 and are 60.06mm and 0.05mm, so that the positioning reference surfaces and the positioning holes in the axial direction are used as the plane direction and the positioning reference surface in the axial direction of the spinning process to improve the spinning precision.
In the step S13, the temperature rising speed of the casting 8 in the temperature rising process is 8.0+/-1.0 ℃/min, the temperature is kept at 530+/-5.0 ℃ for 3.5+/-0.5 hours, and the casting is transferred into an incubator to be kept at 380+/-5.0 ℃ after being discharged from the furnace. The heating rate of the cast 8 after being put into the furnace is 8.0+/-1.0 ℃/min, so as to avoid deformation of the cast 8 in the heat treatment process; the casting 8 is put into the furnace and is kept at the temperature of 530+/-5.0 ℃ for 3.5+/-0.5 hours, so that the internal stress of the casting 8 in the pressure casting process is eliminated, the uniformity of the material composition of the casting 8 is promoted, the shape of eutectic silicon is changed, the corners of the eutectic silicon tend to be smooth, the ductility of the material of the casting 8 is further improved, and the spinning effect of the rim 2 is enhanced; after the casting is discharged from the furnace, the casting is transferred into an incubator to carry out heat preservation at 380+/-5.0 ℃, so that the waste heat of the casting 8 after heat treatment is fully utilized, the ductility of the material of the spinning casting 8 is better at the temperature, and the spinning of the rim 2 is more convenient.
In the embodiment, the temperature rising speed in the temperature rising process is 8.0 ℃/min, the temperature is kept at 530+/-5.0 ℃ for 3.5 hours, and the materials are transferred into an insulation box after being discharged, and 380+/-5.0 ℃ is kept for waiting for spinning in the next working procedure.
As shown in fig. 9, the spinning piece 7 comprises an inner rim 701, a spinning rim 702, a pair of lugs 6, an outer rim 5, spokes 3 and a wheel disc 1; the inner rim 701 and the spinning rim 702 are formed by spinning; the tabs 6, outer rim 5, spokes 3 and wheel disc 1 maintain the primary machined topographical dimensions of the die cast blank 14.
In the step S3, the rotating pressing piece 7 is subjected to toughness treatment, wherein the preferable solid solution temperature is 530+/-5.0 ℃, and the solid solution temperature is kept for 1.5+/-0.5 hours; the quenching transfer time is less than or equal to 20 seconds, and the quenching water temperature is 70-85 ℃; aging temperature is 150+/-5.0 ℃, and aging heat preservation is carried out for 3.0+/-0.5 hours; transferring to the next procedure to wait for machining after discharging; the treatment process selects a solid solution temperature of 530+/-5.0 ℃ and a solid solution heat preservation time of 1.5+/-0.5 hours, so that the purpose is to eliminate internal stress generated in the spinning process, and on the other hand, eutectic silicon corners are continuously smooth on the basis of S13 in the solid solution process, solute components are continuously homogenized, and the plasticity of the material is further improved; furthermore, solute components such as Mg, si, cu and the like obtain the maximum supersaturation degree in the high-temperature solid solution process; the quenching transfer time is less than or equal to 20 seconds, the quenching water temperature is 70-85 ℃, firstly, supersaturated solid solutions of Mg, si and Cu are obtained after quenching and cooling, a foundation is laid for ageing strengthening, the water temperature is 70-85 ℃ for quenching, and the cooling deformation of the spinning piece 7 is small; the aging temperature is selected to be 150+/-5.0 ℃, and the aging temperature is kept for 3.0+/-0.5 hours, so that solute components such as Mg, si, cu and the like are separated out to form a strengthening phase in the low-temperature process, and the toughness of the material is improved.
Embodiment four: the present embodiment adopts a structure of a spinning machine 11, as shown in fig. 7-14, the spinning machine 11 includes a platform assembly 19, a material grabbing mechanism 20 and a pressing roller assembly 21, the platform assembly 19 includes an upper platform 1901, a moving platform 1902, a spinning platform 1903 and a lower platform 1904 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, a spinning die 9 is placed on the spinning platform 1903, the upper platform 1901 is provided with a pressing assembly for pressing the top of a positioning die 10, the material grabbing mechanism 20 moves up and down in synchronization with the moving platform 1902, the material grabbing mechanism 20 is suitable for grabbing a spinning piece 7, and the pressing roller assembly 21 has a pressing roller 2101 in rolling spinning contact with the outer surface of a rim 2 of the spinning piece 7.
In operation, the spinning die 9 is placed on the spinning platform 1903, then the casting 8 is placed on the spinning die 9, the positioning die 10 is positioned between the lugs 6, the positioning die 10 can be fixed under the moving platform 1902, when the moving platform 1902 moves downwards, the spinning die 7 can be pressed, then the spinning die 9 is rotated, the feeding amount of the pressing roller 2101 is controlled by the pressing roller assembly 21, and the outer surface of the rim 2 of the spinning die 7 is subjected to rolling spinning.
Platform assembly 19:
as shown in fig. 7 and 8, a large upright 1916 and a small upright 1917 are connected between the upper platform 1901 and the lower platform 1904, four large uprights 1916 and four small uprights 1917 are respectively arranged, the four large uprights 1916 and the four small uprights 1917 are respectively distributed in a rectangular shape, and the jacking assembly comprises a first hydraulic cylinder 1911 arranged on the upper platform 1901.
The four small upright posts 1917 are provided with second guide shaft sleeves 1907, and four corners of the mobile platform 1902 are respectively connected with the second guide shaft sleeves 1907; the telescopic end of the first hydraulic cylinder 1911 is connected with the central position of the mobile platform 1902, and the first hydraulic cylinder 1911 can drive the mobile platform 1902 to move up and down along the second guide shaft sleeve 1907; a first bearing 1908 is mounted in the center region of the lower end face of the mobile platform 1902; a pressing plate 1910 is connected below the moving platform 1902, one end of a connecting shaft 1909 is connected with a bearing hole of a first bearing 1908, the other end of the connecting shaft is connected with a central area of the pressing plate 1910, and the pressing plate 1910 can rotate along with the rotary pressing piece 7; the grabbing mechanisms 20 are fixed on the mobile platform 1902 through guide posts, 2-3 grabbing mechanisms 20 can be uniformly arranged, the grabbing mechanisms 20 are arranged along the central circumference of the mobile platform 1902 in an array manner, and the grabbing mechanisms 20 comprise driving hydraulic cylinders which can drive the grabbing mechanisms 20 to move left and right; the grabbing mechanism 20 and the moving platform 1902 can move up and down under the drive of the first hydraulic cylinder 1911.
A through hole is arranged in the central area of the lower platform 1904, and a second bearing 1912 is arranged on the upper end surface of the lower platform 1904; the transmission shaft 1914 passes through the lower platform 1904 and the second bearing 1912, and the upper end of the transmission shaft 1914 is connected with the center of the spinning platform 1903; the lower end of the transmission shaft 1914 is connected with a belt pulley 1913, a servo driving motor 1915 is connected with the belt pulley 1913 through a belt, and the spinning platform 1903 is driven to rotate by the servo driving motor 1915.
The driving equipment in the invention is servo-driven, and can be intelligently controlled by the control cabinet 22, wherein the control cabinet 22 comprises a sensor, a control switch and a PLC controller, and the actions of the first hydraulic oil cylinder 1911, the material grabbing mechanism 20, the servo-driven motor 1915 and the pressing roller assembly 21 can be controlled.
The middle sections of the four large upright posts 1916 are provided with first guide shaft sleeves 1905, and the two bearing cross beams 1906 are respectively connected with the first guide shaft sleeves 1905 on the two large upright posts 1916 adjacent to the left side and the right side; the two groups of pressing roller assemblies 21 are arranged at the middle part of the bearing cross beam 1906, and the bearing cross beam 1906 can move up and down along with the first guide shaft sleeve 1905; the pressing roller 2101 can move along the feed rate parameters of the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction according to the moving track of the input control cabinet 22.
Pressure roller assembly 21:
the pressing roller assembly 21 comprises a roller seat 2102, a roller handle 2107, a translation assembly 2103 and a telescopic driving piece 2104, wherein the roller seat 2102 is connected with the translation assembly 2103, one end of the roller handle 2107 is connected with the roller seat 2102, the pressing roller 2101 is rotationally connected with the other end of the roller handle 2107, two ends of the telescopic driving piece 2104 are respectively rotationally connected with the roller handle 2107 and the roller seat 2102, and the translation assembly 2103 drives the pressing roller 2101 to move along the horizontal direction or the vertical direction, so that spinning feeding in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is realized.
As shown in fig. 11, the pressing roller 2101 is disc-shaped with a thick middle and a thin outer edge, the edge spinning head is made of hard alloy, the edge spinning head is arc-shaped, the arc radius of the edge spinning head is 1.5 mm-3.0 mm, the third bearing 2105 is arranged in the central area of the pressing roller 2101, and the pressing roller 2101 rotates along with the spinning piece 7 during the spinning operation.
The roller seat 2102 is hinged with the roller handle 2107 and the telescopic driving piece 2104, the roller handle 2107 is hinged with the telescopic driving piece 2104, the roller handle 2107 is hinged below the left side of the roller seat 2102, one end of the telescopic driving piece 2104 is hinged above the left side of the roller seat 2102, and the other end of the telescopic driving piece 2104 is hinged above the roller handle 2107. The roller handle 2107 is of a U-shaped structure and is opened towards the left side, and the opening end of the roller handle 2107 penetrates through the third bearing 2105 through a bolt to connect the pressing roller 2101; the telescopic driving piece 2104 can be a servo hydraulic cylinder, and the angle between the pressing roller 2101 and the rim 2 can be adjusted through the operation of the telescopic driving piece 2104 so as to improve the spinning effect; the spinning head of the pressing roller 2101 forms 60-70 degrees with the rim 2.
In a further design, a lubricant spray pipe 2106 is fixed below the roller handle 2107, and the lubricant spray pipe 2106 can be aligned with the spinning head of the pressing roller 2101 in the spinning working process to spray atomized high-temperature lubricating oil containing graphite powder, so that the purpose is to prevent the spinning head of the pressing roller 2101 from sticking aluminum, and the spinning effect is improved.
The translation assembly 2103 is connected with the roller seat 2102, and the roller seat 2102 drives the pressing roller 2101 to move horizontally or vertically to realize feeding, and as shown in fig. 14, the translation assembly 2103 comprises a connecting member 21031, a guide pillar sleeve 21032, a first guide pillar 21033, a second hydraulic oil cylinder 21034, a third hydraulic oil cylinder 21035 and an oil cylinder fixing piece 21036; the engagement member 21031 is assembled with the cylinder mount 21036; the engagement member 21031 fixes the pressing roller assembly 21 at the middle part of the carrier beam 1906; the guide post sleeve 21032 is fixed on the connecting member 21031, the first guide post 21033 is installed in the guide post sleeve 21032, one end of the first guide post 21033 is connected with the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder 21034, and the other end of the first guide post 21033 is connected with the roller seat 2102; the second hydraulic cylinder 21034 is mounted on the cylinder mount 21036, and the pressure roller assembly 21 is driven to move left and right along the X-axis when the second hydraulic cylinder 21034 is operated.
The telescopic end of the third hydraulic cylinder 21035 is connected with the connecting member 21031, the other end of the third hydraulic cylinder 21035 is connected with the upper platform 1901, and when the third hydraulic cylinder 21035 works, the bearing beam 1906 can be driven to move up and down, so that the pressing roller 2101 can be driven to move left and right along the Y axis.
The rotation speed of the spinning die 9 is preferably 100 to 200r/min. According to the thickness of the rim 2 of the pressure casting blank 14 and the thickness of the rim 2 of the spinning piece 7 after spinning, the blank can be formed by 3-6 times of spinning; the feeding rate of each spinning in the X-axis direction can be 0.30-0.60 mm, the feeding rate of each spinning in the Y-axis direction can be 0.60-1.20 mm, and the finish spinning treatment is carried out for the last time.
In the present embodiment, the rotation speed of the spinning die 9 is 150r/min; according to the thickness of the rim 2 of the casting 8 and the thickness of the rim 2 of the spinning piece 7 after spinning, the embodiment needs four times of spinning; the feeding rate of each spinning in the X-axis direction is 0.50mm, the feeding rate of each spinning in the Y-axis direction is 1.0mm, the feeding rate of the last spinning in the X-axis direction is 0.30mm, and the feeding rate of each spinning in the Y-axis direction is 0.6mm, so that the finish and roundness of the rim 2 after spinning are ensured. The rim height of the casting 8 was spun from 5 inches (127 mm) to the designed spun rim 702 height dimension of 10 inches (254 mm) by the spin-pressing process.
Mechanical treatment of the press 7 in step S4: machining the size of the spinning piece 7 to a size meeting the assembly of the wheel and the automobile axle; the fitting dimensions of the wheel and the tyre are matched, and the rim 2 dimensions meet the relevant dimensions of the rim 2 specification 20 x 10J.
And in the step S5, carrying out surface coating processing on the machined workpiece, wherein the coating color is silver base powder, silver paint and transparent finishing paint.
Fifth embodiment: on the basis of the fourth embodiment, a demolding assembly 23 is arranged at the bottom of the spinning platform 1903, the demolding assembly 23 comprises an elastic propping piece and a push rod 2301 connected with the elastic propping piece, and when the elastic propping piece pushes the push rod 2301 towards the spinning piece 7, the push rod 2301 pushes the spinning piece 7.
As shown in fig. 12 and 13, the elastic pressing member comprises a spring 2302, a cylindrical head bolt 2303, a pressing plate 2304, a demolding top plate 2305, a connecting rod 2306, a third guide shaft sleeve 2307, a second guide post 2308, a demolding bottom plate 2309 and a fourth hydraulic cylinder 2310, wherein the cylindrical head bolt 2303 is arranged at the inner side and the outer side of the pressing plate 2304; the top pressing plate 2304 is circular; the spring 2302 is mounted on a cylindrical head bolt 2303, the cylindrical head bolt 2303 passes through the spinning platform 1903 and is fastened by using a nut, and the height of the ejector rod 2301 can be adjusted by screwing in and unscrewing the nut; when the ejector plate 2305 applies an upward force to the ejector plate 2304, the ejector rod 2301 moves upward, which applies an upward ejector force to the rim of the rotating member 7, and when the ejector plate 2305 moves downward, the ejector plate 2304 moves downward back to the home position under the elastic force of the spring 2302.
One end of the connecting rod 2306 is connected with the demoulding top plate 2305, and the other end is connected with the demoulding bottom plate 2309; a second steering column 2308 is mounted on the lower platform 1904; the third guide shaft sleeve 2307 is mounted on the second guide column 2308, and both ends of the demoulding bottom plate 2309 are connected with the third guide shaft sleeve 2307; a circular through hole is formed in the central area of the demoulding bottom plate 2309; the fourth hydraulic cylinder 2310 is provided with a left hydraulic cylinder and a right hydraulic cylinder, and is respectively fixed on the lower platform 1904; the telescopic end of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 2310 is connected with the demolding bottom plate 2309 and is used for driving the demolding bottom plate 2309 to move up and down along the second guide column 2308 so as to drive the demolding top plate 2305 to move up and down, and the demolding top plate 2305 applies upward force to the jacking plate 2304 so as to drive the jacking rod 2301 to move up and down, so that the function of jacking and demolding the spinning piece 7 is achieved.
In the present invention, an intelligent heating device 24 may also be installed on the spinning machine 11, and as shown in the figure, the intelligent heating device 24 is installed on the front side of the lower platform 1904, and its function is to continuously heat the spinning area of the casting 8 during the spinning process, so as to maintain the ductility of the material during the spinning process. The spinning process uses natural gas to heat the spinning part of the casting 8, so that the spinning area of the casting 8 is kept at the optimal spinning temperature in the spinning process, the casting 8 is prevented from being cooled in the spinning process, and the ductility of the casting 8 material is reduced.
The small upright post is provided with a thermometer 25 for monitoring whether the temperature of the spinning piece 7 and the rim 2 is in the process range or not.
The large upright column on the right side is connected with a manipulator 27, the manipulator 27 is connected with a receiving tray 26, and the manipulator 27 can drive the receiving tray 26 to move.
The spinning process comprises the following specific steps:
s21, installing a spinning die 9 preheated to 360-400 ℃ on the spinning machine 11, and installing a positioning die 10 on a pressing plate 1910 of the spinning machine 11.
S22, the preheated casting 8 is mounted on the spinning die 9 by using a manipulator 27, the first hydraulic cylinder 1911 is driven to enable the pressing plate 1910 to descend, and the positioning die 10 takes the inner side of the lug 6 as a positioning reference to fasten the spinning die 7 on the spinning die 9.
S23, the rotation speed of the spinning die 9, the running track program of the spinning cutter and the feeding rate parameters of the spinning cutter in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in the spinning process are input into the control cabinet 22.
And S24, starting the spinning machine 11 to spin the rim 2 of the spinning piece 7.
And S25, after spinning is finished, driving the fourth hydraulic cylinder 2310 to enable the pressing plate 2304 to ascend, and ejecting and demolding the spinning piece 7.
S26, driving the grabbing mechanism 20 to fix the outer rim 5 of the spinning piece 7, and driving the first hydraulic cylinder 1911 to lift the spinning piece 7 to a certain height.
S27, transferring the receiving tray 26 to the position right below the spinning piece 7, loosening the grabbing mechanism 20, enabling the spinning piece 7 to fall on the receiving tray 26, and transferring the spinning piece 7 out.
Table 4 and table 5 show the comparative data of manufacturing efficiency and mechanical properties and weight reduction using the pressure casting process and the process according to the present invention, respectively.
Table 4: comparison of manufacturing efficiency of 20×10J pressure cast part with technical proposal of the invention
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Table 5: 20X 10J pressure casting part and light weight comparison of mechanical properties manufactured by the technical scheme of the invention
In Table 5, σ b Expressed as tensile strength, sigma 0.2 The yield strength and delta the elongation are indicated.
As can be seen from Table 4, the manufacturing method of the present invention has the advantages of short casting period, high qualification rate, low waste material rate and high production efficiency. As can be seen from Table 5, the aluminum wheel 13 manufactured by the manufacturing method of the invention has lighter weight, fine grain size of the material, better mechanical properties and small difference of mechanical properties of different areas of the casting.
Through the research and development of the novel energy automobile aluminum wheel 13 and the casting and spinning manufacturing method thereof, the problems that the large-diameter wide rim 2 spoke 3 and the wheel disc 1 are thick in metallographic structure, low in material mechanical property, and low in production efficiency and product weight reduction due to the fact that casting defects are not compact in the thin-wall rim 2 are long in casting period are effectively solved, the product manufactured by the manufacturing method is high in production efficiency, the microscopic metallographic structures of the spoke 3 and the wheel disc 1 area of the product are obviously improved through detection, the material mechanical property is obviously improved, the product weight reduction is obvious, and the high strength and toughness requirement of the aluminum alloy wheel matched with the novel energy automobile is met. Compared with the prior art, the invention is suitable for batch continuous production and has promotion effect for rapidly promoting the weight reduction of the automobile industry.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "axial," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In this specification, a schematic representation of the terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments.
With the above-described preferred embodiments according to the present invention as an illustration, the above-described descriptions can be used by persons skilled in the relevant art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the description, but must be determined according to the scope of claims.
Claims (5)
1. A new energy automobile aluminum wheel casting spinning manufacturing method is characterized in that: the aluminum wheel comprises a wheel disc, a wheel rim and a plurality of spokes connecting the wheel disc and the wheel rim, wherein a large window is formed between the adjacent spokes, one end of the wheel rim, which is connected with the spokes, is reversely extended with an outer rim, the tail end of the outer rim is provided with an ear protector extending from the same side, the axial distance between the ear protector and the spokes is greater than that between the outer rim and the spokes, and the inner peripheral surface of the ear protector forms a positioning surface in the stage of casting spinning treatment;
the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
s1: manufacturing a casting, forming the appearance of the aluminum wheel, and manufacturing a spinning die and a positioning die;
s2: spinning, namely placing the casting on a spinning die, positioning the casting on the inner peripheral surface of the lug by positioning die, and spinning by adopting a spinning machine to form a spinning piece;
s3: placing the spinning piece into a heat treatment furnace for solid solution, quenching and aging treatment, so that the strength and toughness of the spinning piece are improved;
s4: performing mechanical treatment on the spinning piece in the step S3, and adjusting the matching size of the spinning piece and the tire;
s5: carrying out surface coating processing on the machined workpiece;
the aluminum wheel comprises the following material elements in percentage by mass:
Si：5.50～6.50；
Cu：0.15～0.30；
Mg：0.45～0.60；
Ti：0.06～0.12；
Sr：0.006～0.015；
C(n)：0.004～0.008；
Cr：0.08～0.20；
Fe：≤0.15；
Zn：≤0.05；
Ni：≤0.05；
Pb：≤0.05；
Al: the balance;
in step S1, the manufacturing process of the casting includes the following steps:
s11: manufacturing a blank by adopting a pressure casting process, wherein the formed blank comprises a wheel disc, a wheel rim, a spoke, an outer rim and a lug;
s12: the method comprises the steps of primarily processing a blank to form a casting, and processing a rim processing surface, a spoke rib back processing surface, a central positioning hole and a wheel disc processing surface on the blank, wherein the rim processing surface and the positioning surface are axial positioning references, the central positioning hole is a positioning center, and the spoke rib back processing surface and the wheel disc processing surface are horizontal positioning references;
s13: the casting is subjected to ductility treatment, and is put into a heat treatment furnace to be heated;
in the step S11, the casting temperature of the casting blank is 670-680 ℃; the pressure filling process parameters of the cast blank are as follows: the time required for the liquid lifting process is 8.0+/-2.0S, and the pressure is 200+/-30 mbar; the time required for the filling process is 20+/-10S, and the pressure is 400+/-50 mbar; the time required for the feeding process is 5.0-8.0S, and the pressure is 1000+/-50 mbar; the time required for the pressure maintaining process is 200-400S, and the pressure is 1000+/-50 mbar;
the cooling process parameters of the cast blank are as follows:
The upper die cooling air pipe 1 is used for cooling a central air area, the waiting time is 130+/-15S, the action time is 200+/-50S, and the air pressure is controlled at 500mbar; the cooling air pipe of the No. 2 upper die is used for cooling an upper inner annular air area, the waiting time is 100+/-10S, the action time is 120+/-15S, and the air pressure is controlled at 500mbar; the cooling air pipe of the No. 3 upper die is used for cooling an upper outer ring air area, the waiting time is 80+/-10S, the action time is 50+/-15S, and the air pressure is controlled at 350mbar; the cooling air pipe of the No. 1 lower die is used for cooling an air outlet area, the waiting time is 130+/-15S, the action time is 200+/-50S, and the air pressure is controlled at 500mbar; the cooling air pipe of the No. 2 lower die is used for cooling the lower inner annular air area, the waiting time is 100+/-10S, the action time is 120+/-15S, and the air pressure is controlled at 500mbar; the cooling air pipe of the No. 3 lower die is used for cooling a lower large ring air area, the waiting time is 80+/-10S, the action time is 50+/-15S, and the air pressure is controlled at 350mbar; the No. 1 side mold cooling air pipe is used for cooling the upper area, the waiting time is 35+/-5S, the action time is 60+/-15S, and the air pressure is controlled at 400mbar; the No. 2 side mold cooling air pipe is used for cooling the lower area, the waiting time is 45+/-5S, the action time is 60+/-15S, and the air pressure is controlled at 350mbar;
In the step S13, the temperature rising speed of the casting in the temperature rising process is 8.0+/-1.0 ℃/min, the casting is kept at 530+/-5.0 ℃ for 3.5+/-0.5 hours, and the casting is transferred into an incubator to be kept at 380+/-5.0 ℃ after being discharged from the furnace;
in the step S3, the solid solution temperature of the spinning piece in a heat treatment furnace is 530+/-5.0 ℃, and the solid solution temperature is kept for 1.5+/-0.5 hours; the quenching transfer time is less than or equal to 20 seconds, and the quenching water temperature is 70-85 ℃; the aging temperature is 150+/-5.0 ℃, and the aging temperature is kept for 3.0+/-0.5 hours.
2. The new energy automobile aluminum wheel casting and spinning manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, the spinning machine includes a platform assembly, a grabbing mechanism and a pressing roller assembly, the platform assembly includes an upper platform, a moving platform, a spinning platform and a lower platform which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the spinning die is placed on the spinning platform, the upper platform is provided with a jacking assembly, the jacking assembly is suitable for jacking the top of the positioning die, the grabbing mechanism moves up and down synchronously with the moving platform, the grabbing mechanism is suitable for grabbing the spinning piece, and the pressing roller assembly is provided with a pressing roller in rolling contact with the outer surface of a rim of the spinning piece.
3. The new energy automobile aluminum wheel casting and spinning manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pressing roller assembly comprises a roller seat, a roller handle, a translation assembly and a telescopic driving piece, wherein the roller seat is connected with the translation assembly, one end of the roller handle is connected with the roller seat, the pressing roller is rotationally connected with the other end of the roller handle, two ends of the telescopic driving piece are rotationally connected with the roller handle and the roller seat respectively, and the translation assembly drives the pressing roller to move along the horizontal direction or the vertical direction so as to realize spinning feeding in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
4. The new energy automobile aluminum wheel casting and spinning manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein the new energy automobile aluminum wheel casting and spinning manufacturing method is characterized in that: the bottom of spinning platform is provided with the drawing of patterns subassembly, the drawing of patterns subassembly includes elasticity top casting die and the ejector pin of being connected with elasticity top casting die, and when elasticity top casting die pushed the ejector pin to spinning piece direction, the ejector pin pushed the spinning piece.
5. The new energy automobile aluminum wheel casting and spinning manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: the elastic propping piece comprises a spring, cylindrical head bolts, a propping plate, a demoulding top plate, a connecting rod, a third guide shaft sleeve, a second guide column, a demoulding bottom plate and a fourth hydraulic oil cylinder, wherein the propping plate is in a circular ring shape, and the cylindrical head bolts are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the propping plate; the spring is arranged on a cylindrical head bolt which passes through the spinning platform and is fastened by using a nut; the top pressing plate is arranged at the top of the demoulding top plate, one end of the connecting rod is connected with the demoulding top plate, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the demoulding bottom plate; the second guide post is arranged on the lower platform; the second guide post is sleeved with the second guide shaft sleeve, and the two ends of the demoulding bottom plate are connected with the second guide shaft sleeve; the fourth hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the lower platform; the telescopic end of the fourth hydraulic cylinder is connected with the demoulding bottom plate.
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