CN117538196A - 一种评价耐磨堆焊构件使用寿命的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐磨堆焊构件使用寿命的评价方法,所述方法区分淬火堆焊层(表层),退火耐磨层(亚表层)。包括以下步骤:用线切割方法(或者不引起切割面发生硬化受热等切割方法)加工表层磨损试样;用线切割方法(或者不引起切割面发生硬化受热等切割方法)加工亚表层待测试样;消除待测试样表面凸凹之处,砂轮打磨,清洗、烘干并称重;进行耐磨性检测;进行计算其结果可评价所用堆焊构件的使用寿命。在本发明经济有效的预测堆焊耐磨层的使用性能,最终评价所用堆焊构件的使用寿命,这对于控制成本、保护构件本体以及制定维修计划意义重大。耐磨检测过程中除线切割及耐磨实验机设备,无额外附加检测分析设备,降低检测成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明为一种评价厚堆焊层耐磨构件使用寿命的技术。本发明涉及水泥、矿山等领域,例如辊套。
背景技术
检测构件耐磨性是根据一定时间内,在磨损工况下重量损失来确定的。金属耐磨构件在与磨粒发生相对运动过程中,磨损发生,计算单位时间的磨损失重,可推测恒定工矿条件下耐磨层全部消耗所需要的时间。
然而,由于堆焊由里及外的过程,所以内层受到外层的退火作用,与最外层热处理状态有差异,从而导致内、外层耐磨性区别很大。所以分别检测表层和亚表层的磨损失重速度,能够使评价结果更加可靠。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决堆焊构件使用寿命评价问题,经济实用。本发明提供了一种评价堆焊构件磨损工况下使用寿命的方法,该方法可快速准确经济的评价耐磨堆焊层的服役寿命,并能够避免片面检测堆焊表层性能,忽视亚表层耐磨性,而不能真实反映构件整体耐磨性能的问题。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
(1)准备表层待测试样。可按照湿式磨损试验要求准备试样,使用线切割在堆焊层上切取试样,堆焊层表面采用砂轮打磨光亮,以表层为基准面(如图1所示,堆焊表层在1位置)取试样尺寸12*27*55mm,12mm边在堆焊层厚度方向;
(2)准备亚表层待测试样。可按照湿式磨损试验要求准备试样,使用线切割在堆焊层上切取试样,堆焊层表面采用砂轮打磨光亮,以表层为基准面取试样尺寸(15-17)*27*55mm,15mm边在堆焊层厚度方向。然后线切割方法切掉包括表层的(3-5)mm堆焊金属(如图1所示,待测表面在堆焊亚表层2位置),剩余试样尺寸12*27*55mm,这样堆焊亚表层露出,标记好待测;
(3)清洗试样。使用丙酮去掉线切割油污。试样干净、干燥后准备实验。磨损实验前测试样重量,并记录;
(4)磨损试验。安装试样,分别进行磨损试验,时间为10-30min。试验完毕酒精冲洗试样,烘干,并于干燥环境存放24小时,测重并记录,试验前重量减去实验后重量为该种试样的磨损失重ΔW(g);
(5)代入计算,寿命评价。单位时间表层及亚表层磨损厚度v(mm/h)由下式计算:
式中,ρ为耐磨层材料密度,g/mm3;
t为磨损实验时间,min。
构件磨损寿命t构件计算公式如下:
式中,δ为构件耐磨层厚度,mm;
δ表面为表面层厚度,mm。
且焊丝直径为2.8mm,在自保焊工艺下,约为3mm;
附图说明
图1是耐磨堆焊层断面结构示意图
附图标识说明:1-表面堆焊层2-回火堆焊层3-过渡层4-本体材料
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
实施例一
1、备表层待测试样(Fe-Cr-C-Mo系堆焊层)。自保焊方法,焊丝直径2.8mm。可按照湿式磨损试验要求准备试样,使用线切割在堆焊层上切取试样(如图1所示,堆焊表层在1位置),堆焊层表面采用砂轮打磨光亮,以表层为基准面取试样尺寸为12*27*55mm,12mm边在堆焊层厚度方向;
2、准备亚表层待测试样。可按照湿式磨损试验要求准备试样,使用线切割在堆焊层上切取试样,堆焊层表面采用砂轮打磨光亮,以表层为基准面取试样尺寸为15*27*55mm,15mm边在堆焊层厚度方向。然后线切割方法切掉包括表层的3mm堆焊金属(如图1所示,待测表面在堆焊亚表层2位置),剩余试样尺寸为12*27*55mm,这样堆焊亚表层露出,标记好待测;
3、清洗试样。使用丙酮去掉线切割油污。试验前测试样重量,并记录;
4、磨损试验。安装试样,分别进行湿式磨粒磨损试验10min。试验完毕酒精冲洗试样,烘干,并于干燥环境存放24小时,测重并记录。试验前重量减去实验后重量后,堆焊材料表层及亚表层失重为0.226g、0.235g;
5、计算数值,评价服役寿命;
构件堆焊层整体堆焊厚度15mm,则耐磨层服役寿命为
实施例二
1、准备表层待测试样(Fe-Cr-C-Nb系堆焊层)。自保焊方法,焊丝直径2.8mm。可按照湿式磨损试验要求准备试样,使用线切割在堆焊层上切取试样(如图1所示,堆焊表层在1位置),堆焊层表面采用砂轮打磨光亮,以表层为基准面取试样尺寸12*27*55mm,12mm边在堆焊层厚度方向;
2、准备亚表层待测试样。可按照湿式磨损试验要求准备试样,使用线切割在堆焊层上切取试样,堆焊层表面采用砂轮打磨光亮,以表层为基准面取试样尺寸17*27*55mm,15mm边在堆焊层厚度方向。然后线切割方法切掉包括表层的5mm堆焊金属(如图1所示,待测表面在堆焊亚表层2位置),剩余试样尺寸12*27*55mm,这样堆焊亚表层露出,标记好待测;
3、清洗试样。使用丙酮去掉线切割油污。试验前测试样重量,并记录;
4、磨损试验。安装试样,分别进行湿式磨粒磨损试验20min。试验完毕酒精冲洗试样,烘干,并于干燥环境存放24小时,测重并记录。试验前重量减去实验后重量后,堆焊表层及亚表层失重为0.46g、0.59g;
5、计算数值,评价服役寿命。
构件堆焊层整体堆焊厚度15mm,则耐磨层服役寿命为
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.耐磨堆焊构件使用寿命的评价方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)用线切割方法(或者不引起切割面发生硬化受热等切割方法)加工表层磨损试样,并将堆焊层表面采用砂轮打磨光亮,以表层为基础面取适当的磨损试样;
(2)用线切割方法(或者不引起切割面发生硬化受热等切割方法)加工亚表层待测试样,将堆焊层表面采用砂轮打磨光亮,以表层为基准面取试样后,然后再用线切割方法切掉包括表层的堆焊金属,这样堆焊亚表层露出,即所剩余试样为亚表层待测试样;
(3)消除待测试样表面凸凹之处,砂轮打磨,清洗干燥后测重并记录;
(4)进行耐磨性检测,通过湿式磨粒磨损试验机,应用传统的方法对堆焊检测试样进行磨损测试;
(5)进行计算并评价所用堆焊构件的使用寿命,通过计算单位时间表层及亚表层磨损厚度,代入寿命计算公式中,得到其计算结果即可用来评价其堆焊的使用寿命。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐磨堆焊构件使用寿命的评价方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,按照湿式磨损实验要求准备试样,使用线切割在堆焊层上切取试样,堆焊层表面采用砂轮打磨光亮,以表层为基准面取试样尺寸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐磨堆焊构件使用寿命的评价方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,应通过湿式磨损实验制备,这部分制备极为重要,使用线切割在堆焊层由表及里距离为3mm处切开,制备标准的亚表面试样进行试验。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐磨堆焊构件使用寿命的评价方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,通过清洗试样并使用丙酮去掉线切割油污,试验前测量试样重量,重复多次并均值计算,获取平均化的初始重量,并记录。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐磨堆焊构件使用寿命的评价方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中,在确保磨损条件一致后,将表层试样进行湿式磨粒磨损,亚表层进行磨粒磨损试验后,应使用酒精冲洗试样,烘干,并于干燥环境存放24小时,多次准确测量试样后的重量,计算其磨损失重。
6.根据权利要求1所述的耐磨堆焊构件使用寿命的评价方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中,计算出单位时间表层及亚表层磨损厚度,进而计算表面层厚度与单位时间内表层磨损厚度的比值加亚表面层厚度与单位时间内亚表层磨损厚度的比值之和,其结果的大小能够反映出其堆焊构件的寿命情况。
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