CN117536343A - 平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板及其墙板、屋面板 - Google Patents

平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板及其墙板、屋面板 Download PDF

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CN117536343A
CN117536343A CN202311417916.2A CN202311417916A CN117536343A CN 117536343 A CN117536343 A CN 117536343A CN 202311417916 A CN202311417916 A CN 202311417916A CN 117536343 A CN117536343 A CN 117536343A
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layer
straw
oyster mushroom
ridge
roof
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金倩
张哲瑜
金衍孜
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/02—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/06—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions for securing layers together; for attaching the product to another member, e.g. to a support, or to another product, e.g. groove/tongue, interlocking
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    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
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    • E04B1/7654—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings
    • E04B1/7658—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres
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    • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
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    • E04C2/46—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose specially adapted for making walls
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    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/36—Connecting; Fastening
    • E04D3/3601—Connecting; Fastening of roof covering supported by the roof structure with interposition of a insulating layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明公开了平菇‑稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板及其墙板、屋面板，平菇‑稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板，包括上层板材层、下层板材层和芯层，芯层设置于上层板材层和下层板材层之间，芯层为平菇‑稻草基菌丝复合体；平菇‑稻草基菌丝复合体原材料包括平菇菌种、稻草纤维和营养液；平菇菌种为以棉籽壳为基质的平菇原种，且营养液和稻草纤维的重量比为1：2；本发明还并设计了该建筑夹芯保温板应用于平墙面与屋面等不同位置时不同的构造形式。

Description

平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板及其墙板、屋面板
技术领域
本发明涉及新材料领域，特别涉及平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板及其墙板、屋面板。
背景技术
保温板说的通俗易懂就是给楼房保温用的板子。保温板是以聚苯乙烯树脂为原料加上其他的原辅料与聚含物，通过加热混合同时注入催化剂，然后挤塑压出成型而制造的硬质泡沫塑料板，具有防潮、防水性能，可使减少建筑物外围护结构厚度，从而增加室内使用面积。现有的建筑夹芯保温板芯材主要以聚氨酯、岩棉、聚苯乙烯泡沫板(EPS)为主，但这些材料都不可降解、不可再生。
墙板由墙和楼板组成承重体系的房屋结构。墙既作承重构件，又作房间的隔断，是居住建筑中最常用且较经济的结构形式。
屋面板是可直接承受屋面荷载的板。屋面板位于房屋的屋顶，一般使用铝镁锰或合金等金属制成。屋面板在房屋顶层的山墙斜梁上组装后，翼板则搭接遮盖使多个单体箱型屋面板不出现见光的垂直缝，形成整体性良好的坡屋顶。现有技术中，屋面板的材质包括：0.426/0.478/0.55毫米基材厚度的中高强度镀锌或镀铝锌彩钢卷、铝合金、铝镁锰合金、不锈钢、锌铜钛板(钛锌)、金属板、铜、纯钛金属板等。
综上所述，现有技术还缺少一种更加绿色、环保的用于保温板的芯材。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供天然、可降解、可塑性强等优势的平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温墙板、屋面板。
本发明的第一个方面，提供了一种平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板，包括上层板材层、下层板材层和芯层，所述芯层设置于所述上层板材层和所述下层板材层之间，所述芯层为平菇-稻草基菌丝复合体；
所述平菇-稻草基菌丝复合体原材料包括平菇菌种、稻草纤维和营养液；所述平菇菌种为以棉籽壳为基质的平菇原种，且所述营养液和所述稻草纤维的重量比为1：2。
优选的，稻草纤维：平菇菌种的重量比为1：3。
优选的，所述营养液包括碳酸钙、玉米淀粉、白糖和水。
优选的，所述上层板材层和所述下层板材层均为镀锌钢板。
优选的，所述稻草纤维的长度为20-30mm。
本发明的第二个方面，提供了本发明所述的平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板制备的墙板，所述墙板的两端分别设有匹配的凹槽和凸起，相邻两个所述墙板通过所述凹槽和所述凸起插接，且插接处设有橡胶垫片。
优选的，所述墙板通过螺栓贯穿固定在墙面。
本发明的第三个方面，提供了本发明所述的平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板制备的屋面板，其特征在于，所述屋面板的上层板材层为锯齿状，下层板材层为平板；上层板材层最左端为第一个波峰，上层板材层向内折叠凸出芯层，并在波峰上侧辅以垫片，上层板材层最右边突出一个波峰作为盖板，盖板盖住其右侧相邻的上层板材左端波峰与垫片；下层板材层最左端折叠凸出芯层，凸出上侧辅以垫片，下层板材层最右端折叠凹进芯层，下层板材层右端凹进连接时盖在下层板材层左侧另一块板材的左侧凸出与垫片上方。
优选的，两块屋面板在屋脊连接处使用聚氨酯泡沫条填充，屋脊连接处上方覆盖屋脊盖板，下方垫以屋脊底板，使用自攻螺钉在屋面板波峰处连接屋脊盖板、屋面板、屋脊底板与檩条。
优选的，锯齿状的所述上层板材层的波峰间隔335mm。
优选的，屋脊板左右两侧，屋面板波峰空隙之间垫以折角挡水板与泡沫堵头，挡水板在泡沫堵头外侧，使用拉铆钉连接挡水条与屋面板。
本发明与现有技术相比，其有益效果是：本发明专利使用平菇-稻草基菌丝体复合材料为建筑夹芯保温板芯层，具有天然、可降解、可塑性强等优势，平菇-稻草基菌丝体复合材料的导热系数与现有技术常见建筑夹芯保温板芯材相近，在应用于建筑表皮构件的保温性能上具有良好的优势。本发明参考了夹芯保温板图集(49-51)设计墙板与屋面板等多个部位的夹芯保温板，并依照《GB 50176-2016》民用建筑热工设计规范，建立THERM模型对比各部位的平菇-稻草基复合夹芯保温板传热系数U值，发明热保温性能复合规范要求。
附图说明
图1为墙板板材尺寸图；
图2为墙板构造节点尺寸图；
图3为墙板构造节点细部放大图；
图4为屋面板板材尺寸图；
图5为屋面板构造节点细部放大图；
图6为屋面板屋脊处构造设计图；
图7为墙板热学分析等温面图；
图8为墙板热学分析热流图；
图9为屋面板热学分析等温面图；
图10为屋面板热学分析热流图；
图中1、镀锌钢板，2、平菇-稻草基菌丝复合体芯层，3、第一垫片，4、第一螺栓，5、第二垫片，6、第三垫片，7、聚氨酯泡沫条，8、屋脊盖板，9、自攻螺钉，10、泡沫堵头，11、挡水条，12、拉铆钉，13、屋脊底板，14、檩条。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1制备平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板的芯层
原材料为以棉籽壳为基质的平菇菌种原种和天然稻草。按表1配比进行组合。营养液为碳酸钙、玉米淀粉、白糖、纯净水的混合物。得到菌丝体成品后加热烘干后，利用采用DRP-II导热系数测试仪通过稳态法对材料的导热系数进行测试，测试结果见表1。
表1：平菇-稻草基菌丝体原材料不同配比对应的材料导热系数
结果表明，稻草纤维：平菇菌种＝25％：75％时，可获得最低的导热系数0.122W/(m·K)。
本实施例制备的平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板的芯层，可设计为：平墙板构造设计、转角处墙板构造设计、屋面板构造设计、屋脊连接处构造设计等不同应用位置的不同构造设计。
实施例2墙板构造设计
采用实施例1制备的平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板的芯层制备墙板。
如图1所示，墙板的基础为：2层镀锌钢板1中间夹一层平菇-稻草基菌丝复合体芯层2。
墙板连接方式如图2-3所示，通过上下两个插口相互插接，第一垫片3分隔两块板材起缓冲作用，并通过第一螺栓4与墙面相连接。
在本实施例中，插口设计为矩形，插口宽度为33mm，插口凸出范围为25mm-43mm，节点处辅以橡胶垫片(第一垫片3)，板材总厚度为240mm。据板材始末两端50mm处使用第一螺栓4固定三层材料，并通过第一螺栓4固定于墙面；上述构造中第一垫片3位于两个插口之间。
实施例3屋面板构造设计
采用实施例1制备的平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板的芯层制备屋面板。
屋面板的基础为：2层镀锌钢板1中间夹一层平菇-稻草基菌丝复合体芯层2。
如图4-6所示，屋面板上层镀锌钢板1为锯齿状，波峰间隔335mm，下层镀锌钢板1为平板。上层镀锌钢板1最左端为第一个波峰，部分镀锌钢板1向内折叠凸出固定芯材(平菇-稻草基菌丝复合体芯层2)，并在波峰上侧辅以垫片，上层镀锌钢板最右边突出一个波峰作为盖板，盖住右侧板材左端波峰与垫片。下层镀锌钢板最左端折叠凸出固定芯材，凸出上侧辅以垫片，最右端折叠凹进固定芯材，右端凹进连接时盖在左侧另一块板材的左侧凸出与垫片上方。
两块屋面板在屋脊连接处使用聚氨酯泡沫条7填充，屋脊连接处上方覆盖屋脊盖板8，下方垫以屋脊底板13，使用自攻螺钉9在屋面板波峰处连接屋脊盖板8、屋面板、屋脊底板13与檩条14。屋脊板左右两侧，屋面板波峰空隙之间垫以折角挡水板与泡沫堵头10，挡水板在泡沫堵头外侧，使用拉铆钉12连接挡水条11与屋面板。
如图4、5所示，屋面板水平方向连接通过镀锌钢板1相互插接，左侧屋面板的上层镀锌钢板1插住右侧屋面板，辅以第二垫片5缓冲，左侧屋面板的下层镀锌钢板1盖住右侧屋面板，辅以第三垫片6缓冲。
实施例4
利用THERM软件对平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温墙板(实施例2制备的)进行模拟，墙板热工分析等温面图见图7，热工分析热流图见图8，墙板U-值为0.59W/㎡·K，满足《公共建筑节能设计标准》在夏热冬冷地区甲类公共建筑围护结构热工性能要求。
实施例5
利用THERM软件对平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温屋面板(实施例3制备的)进行模拟，屋面板热工分析等温面图见图9，热工分析热流图见图10，屋面板U-值为0.38W/㎡·K，满足《公共建筑节能设计标准》在夏热冬冷地区甲类公共建筑围护结构热工性能要求。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被应用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。

Claims (10)

1.一种平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板，其特征在于，包括上层板材层、下层板材层和芯层，所述芯层设置于所述上层板材层和所述下层板材层之间，所述芯层为平菇-稻草基菌丝复合体；
所述平菇-稻草基菌丝复合体原材料包括平菇菌种、稻草纤维和营养液；所述平菇菌种为以棉籽壳为基质的平菇原种，且所述营养液和所述稻草纤维的重量比为1：2。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板，其特征在于，稻草纤维：平菇菌种的重量比为1：3。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板，其特征在于，所述营养液包括碳酸钙、玉米淀粉、白糖和水。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板，其特征在于，所述上层板材层和所述下层板材层均为镀锌钢板。
5.采用权利要求1-4任意一项所述的平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板制备的墙板，其特征在于，所述墙板的两端分别设有匹配的凹槽和凸起，相邻两个所述墙板通过所述凹槽和所述凸起插接，且插接处设有橡胶垫片。
6.如权利要求5所述的墙板，其特征在于，所述墙板通过螺栓贯穿固定在墙面。
7.采用权利要求1-4任意一项所述的平菇-稻草基菌丝体夹芯保温板制备的屋面板，其特征在于，所述屋面板的上层板材层为锯齿状，下层板材层为平板；
上层板材层最左端为第一个波峰，上层板材层向内折叠凸出芯层，并在波峰上侧辅以垫片，上层板材层最右边突出一个波峰作为盖板，盖板盖住其右侧相邻的上层板材左端波峰与垫片；
下层板材层最左端折叠凸出芯层，凸出上侧辅以垫片，下层板材层最右端折叠凹进芯层，下层板材层右端凹进连接时盖在下层板材层左侧另一块板材的左侧凸出与垫片上方。
8.如权利要求7所述的屋面板，其特征在于，两块屋面板在屋脊连接处使用聚氨酯泡沫条填充，屋脊连接处上方覆盖屋脊盖板，下方垫以屋脊底板，使用自攻螺钉在屋面板波峰处连接屋脊盖板、屋面板、屋脊底板与檩条。
9.如权利要求7所述的屋面板，其特征在于，锯齿状的所述上层板材层的波峰间隔335mm。
10.如权利要求8所述的屋面板，其特征在于，屋脊板左右两侧，屋面板波峰空隙之间垫以折角挡水板与泡沫堵头，挡水板在泡沫堵头外侧，使用拉铆钉连接挡水条与屋面板。
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