CN117532971A - 一种复合型环保装饰板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种复合型环保装饰板材及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种复合型环保装饰板材,包括基材、至少一层的修饰层与涂料层;所述基材的双面均呈波浪状;所述修饰层通过热压工艺固定在基材的至少一面;所述修饰层为与波浪状的基材表面贴合且呈三维交联网状结构的木质纤维板材;所述涂料层包覆在基材与修饰层的外侧并填充在基材与修饰层的各缝隙中。本发明分别通过改变板材结构和组分,提高现有装饰板材的韧性和强度,环保性能更好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑装饰材料技术领域,具体涉及一种复合型环保装饰板材及其制备方法。
背景技术
装修装饰板材可以分为两大部分,一部分是室外材料,一部分是室内材料,室内材料又可以分为石材,板材,片材,型材和线材五种类型,可用于装饰一般的住宅、商店、学校库房办公楼等内外墙装饰,室内装饰的主要目的是保护墙体,增强墙体的坚固型、耐久性,延长墙体的使用年限,改善墙体的使用功能。随着人们对居住环境的要求越来越高,对室内材料的选择都趋于环保与美观兼具的木质板材。木质板材又分为实木板材和人造板材;实木板材使用中无任何添加剂、环保无污染,但是实木板材在用作装修装饰时受温度和天气影响较大,易受潮、难保养;人造板材主要是实木或打碎或切割加粘合剂制作而成,市面上最为常见的人造板材有密度板、颗粒板、禾香板和复合板等;人造板材易于切割和加工、性能稳定、不易受潮变形,在多种场景都能够使用,但是人造板材的加工需要加入粘合剂,在环保性能方面略逊于实木板材。
人造板材中的复合板材是近些年使用量最大且接受度最广的一种装修装饰板材,复合板材指的是由两种或者两种以上的材料组合而成的板材,实际上,针对与不同材质的板材,复合板材的概念和制作方法也不同,组成复合板材的材料多种多样,复合板材需符合绿色环保理念才能在使用时确保使用者的健康,有效减小污染,复合板材能够降低实木使用量同时提高板材的使用寿命。现有的复合板材环保效果较为一般,且复合板材的抗冲击能力一般,同时不具备较好的吸湿防霉、抑菌驱虫和吸附净化等作用,功能较为单一。申请号为201310186729.8的“复合结构胶合板及其生产方法”专利,公开了以聚乙烯塑料薄膜作为单板与无纺布间的胶合材料,经热压制得复合结构胶合板。申请号为201310739400.X的专利“一种环保型竹木复合板材及其制造方法”公开了采用单板、竹质材料为主要原料,以塑料薄膜或塑料编织布为胶合材料,将单板、竹质材料按对称结构原则组坯,在一定温度、压力下压制成竹木复合板材;上述专利均公开了采用塑料薄膜或者塑料编织布、无纺布作为胶合材料,在一定程度上会影响板材胶合强度、内结合强度和抗弯强度等物理力学性能。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种复合型环保装饰板材及制备方法,分别通过改变板材结构和组分,提高现有装饰板材的韧性和强度,环保性能更好。
本发明的技术方案如下:
本发明提供一种复合型环保装饰板材,包括基材、至少一层的修饰层与涂料层;所述基材的双面均呈波浪状;所述修饰层通过热压工艺固定在基材的至少一面;所述修饰层为与波浪状的基材表面贴合且呈三维交联网状结构的木质纤维板材;所述涂料层包覆在基材与修饰层的外侧并填充在基材与修饰层的各缝隙中。
进一步的,所述涂料层包括以重量份计的如下组分:复合水性树脂乳液50-60份、碳纳米管10-20份、镁基膨润土3-5份、锂辉石粉3-5份、滑石粉2-3份、阻燃剂2-3份和助剂2-3份。
进一步的,所述复合水性树脂乳液包括聚醋酸乙烯乳液、苯乙烯改性丙烯酸乳液和石蜡丙烯酸复合乳液。
进一步的,所述木质纤维板材为木质纤维、聚醚酯弹性纤维和碳化硅纤维为基体的复合纤维体经加工后形成的二维纤维片层,再经叠加、编结和缠绕后形成的三维交联网状基体。
进一步的,所述木质纤维素板材的制备方法如下:
(1)将木质纤维、聚醚酯弹性纤维和碳化硅纤维破碎后置于偶联剂水溶液中,取出干燥后倒入高速粉碎机中充分搅拌,制得复合纤维材料;
(2)复合纤维材料与藻酸盐、羟丙基淀粉混合均匀,然后将混合后的物料注入模具中热压成二维纤维片层;
(3)二维纤维片层利用针刺工艺,经过叠加、编结和缠绕后形成的三维交联网状基体。
进一步的,所述木质素纤维板材的孔隙率为30-40%,厚度为10-30mm。
进一步的,所述基材为PVC卷材、竹木纤维或者实木板材中的一种。
本发明还提供一种复合型环保装饰板材的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将聚醋酸乙烯乳液、苯乙烯改性丙烯酸乳液和石蜡丙烯酸复合乳液混合后,搅拌加热至80-100℃,使得复合水性树脂乳液呈均匀的液态;
S2、将碳纳米管加入至均匀的复合水性树脂乳液中搅拌混合,充分混合后,将混合物的温度降至70-80℃后,再往混合物中加入镁基膨润土、硅灰石粉、滑石粉、阻燃剂和助剂,混合后充分搅拌反应1-3h,过滤后得到涂料待用;
S3、通过热压工艺将木质素纤维板材与基材进行板坯复合,然后降压张板,制成带有修饰层的复合板;
S4、将经过步骤(3)制得的带有修饰层的基材中填充步骤(2)制得的涂料,并让涂料完全包覆基材,稳定处理12-16h后进行光固化处理,得到复合型环保装饰板材。
进一步的,所述步骤S3中的木质纤维素板材与基材送至热压机进行热压,热压温度160-200℃,热压压力为1.5-2.0MPa,热压时间为1.0-1.5min/mm,热压后将得到的复合板冷却到60℃以下,然后降压张板得到S3、通过热压工艺将木质素纤维板材与基材进行板坯复合,然后降压张板,制成带有修饰层的复合板。
进一步的,所述步骤S4中光固化处理采用的光源为紫外光,所述光固化处理的时间为30-40min。
相较于现有技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明提供一种复合型环保装饰板材,在基材的至少一个表面热压复合形成有修饰层,修饰层为复合纤维体经加工后形成的二维纤维片层,再经叠加、编结和缠绕后形成的三维交联网状基体,在受到外力冲击时,由于修饰层三维交联结构的存在,能够产生形变后吸纳冲击力,同时能够应对不同的情形下产生的不同冲击力,提高了板材的稳定性和抗弯强度;
2、本发明中的在带有修饰层的基材外部涂覆了涂料,涂料包括复合水性树脂乳液、碳纳米管、镁基膨润土、锂辉石粉、滑石粉、阻燃剂和助剂;其中,成膜物质选用复合水性树脂乳液,采用聚醋酸乙烯乳液、苯乙烯改性丙烯酸乳液和石蜡丙烯酸复合乳液混合,通过过优化成膜物质的配方,强化水性涂料成膜后的性能,提高漆膜的致密度及漆膜与基材的结合力,从而使涂料具有稳定性好、防水、光泽性和抗冲击性好等优点;在涂料中加入纳米级碳材料,所得到的涂料其耐老化、防渗漏、耐洗刷等性能均得到很大提高,从而提高了涂料的档次,延长涂膜的使用寿命;在涂料中加入了镁基膨润土,镁基膨润土中含有Mg2+,能够帮助沉淀涂料中的钛等影响涂料白度的元素,同时镁基膨润土引入的Mg2+具有乳浊作用,也有利于提高涂料白度;在外加添加不同颜料制成彩色涂料时能够提高颜色的纯净度;锂辉石粉在涂料中加入可以提高成膜物质的热稳定性,使其能够经受急冷急热的环境变化,适用场景和环境更广;
3、本发明中修饰层采用木质纤维素板材中以采木质纤维、聚醚酯弹性纤维和碳化硅纤维为主进行复合,并利用偶联剂对纤维进行改性,使复合纤维形成的修饰层与后续涂料的聚合物之间形成化学键连接以及互穿网络结构,提高了修饰层纤维与涂料基体间的界面黏结性能,同时提供了基材的韧性和稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面结合较佳实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,在本发明中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值,这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值;对于数值范围来说,各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间,以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围,这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开;
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到;
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
实施例1
一种复合型环保装饰板材,包括基材、修饰层与涂料层;所述基材为PVC板,其双面均呈波浪状;所述修饰层通过热压工艺固定在基材的双面;所述修饰层为与波浪状的基材表面贴合且呈三维交联网状结构的木质纤维板材;所述木质纤维板材为木质纤维、聚醚酯弹性纤维和碳化硅纤维为基体的复合纤维体经加工后形成的二维纤维片层,再经叠加、编结和缠绕后形成的三维交联网状基体,其中,木质素纤维板材的孔隙率为30-40%,厚度为10mm;所述涂料层包覆在基材与修饰层的外侧并填充在基材与修饰层的各缝隙中。
在本实施例中,所述涂料层包括以重量份计的如下组分:复合水性树脂乳液50份、碳纳米管10份、镁基膨润土5份、锂辉石粉3份、滑石粉2份、阻燃剂2份和助剂2份,助剂为消泡剂、分散剂、流平剂等常用助剂;其中,复合水性树脂乳液包括聚醋酸乙烯乳液、苯乙烯改性丙烯酸乳液和石蜡丙烯酸复合乳液。
在本实施例中,所述木质纤维素板材的制备方法如下:
(1)将木质纤维、聚醚酯弹性纤维和碳化硅纤维破碎后置于偶联剂水溶液中,取出干燥后倒入高速粉碎机中充分搅拌,制得复合纤维材料;
(2)复合纤维材料与藻酸盐、羟丙基淀粉混合均匀,然后将混合后的物料注入模具中热压成二维纤维片层;
(3)二维纤维片层利用针刺工艺,经过叠加、编结和缠绕后形成的三维交联网状基体。
本实施例中复合型环保装饰板材的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将聚醋酸乙烯乳液、苯乙烯改性丙烯酸乳液和石蜡丙烯酸复合乳液混合后,搅拌加热至80℃,使得复合水性树脂乳液呈均匀的液态;
S2、将碳纳米管加入至均匀的复合水性树脂乳液中搅拌混合,充分混合后,将混合物的温度降至70℃后,再往混合物中加入镁基膨润土、硅灰石粉、滑石粉、阻燃剂和助剂,混合后充分搅拌反应1h,过滤后得到涂料待用;
S3、通过热压工艺将木质素纤维板材与基材进行板坯复合,热压温度160℃,热压压力为1.5MPa,热压时间为1.0min/mm,热压复合后,将得到的复合板冷却到60℃以下,然后进行降压张板,制成带有修饰层的复合板;
S4、将经过步骤(3)制得的带有修饰层的基材中填充步骤(2)制得的涂料,并让涂料完全包覆基材,稳定处理12h后进行光固化处理,采用紫外光作为光源,光固化处理的时间为30min,得到复合型环保装饰板材。
实施例2
一种复合型环保装饰板材,包括基材、修饰层与涂料层;所述基材为实木板,其双面均呈波浪状;所述修饰层通过热压工艺固定在基材的双面;所述修饰层为与波浪状的基材表面贴合且呈三维交联网状结构的木质纤维板材;所述木质纤维板材为木质纤维、聚醚酯弹性纤维和碳化硅纤维为基体的复合纤维体经加工后形成的二维纤维片层,再经叠加、编结和缠绕后形成的三维交联网状基体,其中,木质素纤维板材的孔隙率为30-40%,厚度为20mm;所述涂料层包覆在基材与修饰层的外侧并填充在基材与修饰层的各缝隙中。
在本实施例中,所述涂料层包括以重量份计的如下组分:复合水性树脂乳液60份、碳纳米管20份、镁基膨润土3份、锂辉石粉5份、滑石粉2份、阻燃剂2份和助剂3份,助剂为消泡剂、分散剂、流平剂等常用助剂;其中,复合水性树脂乳液包括聚醋酸乙烯乳液、苯乙烯改性丙烯酸乳液和石蜡丙烯酸复合乳液。
在本实施例中,所述木质纤维素板材的制备方法如实施例1。
本实施例中复合型环保装饰板材的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将聚醋酸乙烯乳液、苯乙烯改性丙烯酸乳液和石蜡丙烯酸复合乳液混合后,搅拌加热至100℃,使得复合水性树脂乳液呈均匀的液态;
S2、将碳纳米管加入至均匀的复合水性树脂乳液中搅拌混合,充分混合后,将混合物的温度降至80℃后,再往混合物中加入镁基膨润土、硅灰石粉、滑石粉、阻燃剂和助剂,混合后充分搅拌反应3h,过滤后得到涂料待用;
S3、通过热压工艺将木质素纤维板材与基材进行板坯复合,热压温度180℃,热压压力为2.0MPa,热压时间为1.5min/mm,热压复合后,将得到的复合板冷却到60℃以下,然后进行降压张板,制成带有修饰层的复合板;
S4、将经过步骤(3)制得的带有修饰层的基材中填充步骤(2)制得的涂料,并让涂料完全包覆基材,稳定处理16h后进行光固化处理,光固化处理采用的光源为紫外光,所述光固化处理的时间为35min,最终得到复合型环保装饰板材。
实施例3
一种复合型环保装饰板材,包括基材、修饰层与涂料层;所述基材为竹木纤维,其双面均呈波浪状;所述修饰层通过热压工艺固定在基材的双面;所述修饰层为与波浪状的基材表面贴合且呈三维交联网状结构的木质纤维板材;所述木质纤维板材为木质纤维、聚醚酯弹性纤维和碳化硅纤维为基体的复合纤维体经加工后形成的二维纤维片层,再经叠加、编结和缠绕后形成的三维交联网状基体,其中,木质素纤维板材的孔隙率为30-40%,厚度为30mm;所述涂料层包覆在基材与修饰层的外侧并填充在基材与修饰层的各缝隙中。
在本实施例中,所述涂料层包括以重量份计的如下组分:复合水性树脂乳液55份、碳纳米管15份、镁基膨润土4份、锂辉石粉4份、滑石粉2份、阻燃剂3份和助剂3份,助剂为消泡剂、分散剂、流平剂等常用助剂;其中,复合水性树脂乳液包括聚醋酸乙烯乳液、苯乙烯改性丙烯酸乳液和石蜡丙烯酸复合乳液。
在本实施例中,所述木质纤维素板材的制备方法如实施例1。
本实施例中复合型环保装饰板材的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将聚醋酸乙烯乳液、苯乙烯改性丙烯酸乳液和石蜡丙烯酸复合乳液混合后,搅拌加热至90℃,使得复合水性树脂乳液呈均匀的液态;
S2、将碳纳米管加入至均匀的复合水性树脂乳液中搅拌混合,充分混合后,将混合物的温度降至80℃后,再往混合物中加入镁基膨润土、硅灰石粉、滑石粉、阻燃剂和助剂,混合后充分搅拌反应2h,过滤后得到涂料待用;
S3、通过热压工艺将木质素纤维板材与基材进行板坯复合,热压温度200℃,热压压力为1.8MPa,热压时间为1.2min/mm,热压复合后,将得到的复合板冷却到60℃以下,然后进行降压张板,制成带有修饰层的复合板;
S4、将经过步骤(3)制得的带有修饰层的基材中填充步骤(2)制得的涂料,并让涂料完全包覆基材,稳定处理14h后进行光固化处理,光固化处理采用的光源为紫外光,所述光固化处理的时间为40min;最终得到复合型环保装饰板材。
实施例4
本实施例中复合型环保装饰板材与实施例1中的板材不同之处在于,修饰层仅与基材的一面通过热压工艺连接,本实施例中涂料层包括以重量份计的如下组分:复合水性树脂乳液52份、碳纳米管12份、镁基膨润土3份、锂辉石粉3份、滑石粉3份、阻燃剂2份和助剂2份,助剂为消泡剂、分散剂、流平剂等常用助剂;其中,复合水性树脂乳液包括聚醋酸乙烯乳液、苯乙烯改性丙烯酸乳液和石蜡丙烯酸复合乳液;其余材料、工艺与制备步骤均相同。
性能测试:
表1上述实施例1-4制备的复合型环保装饰板材的各项力学性能指标
表1上述实施例1-4制备的复合型环保装饰板材其他性能指标
本发明中采用GB/T 13942.1-2009标准进行天然耐腐性能测试,在pH值为2~11的溶液中浸泡,上述实施例1至4制得的复合板材的强力保持率大于90.0%。
本发明中采用GB/T 1634.2-2004标准进行热稳定性测试,上述实施例1至4的复合板材的热变形温度均超高130℃。
本发明中复合型环保装饰板材的按照TVOC值GN/T 27630-2011《乘用车内空气质量评价指南》指出的HJ/T400-2007《车内挥发性有机物和醛酮类物质采样测定方法》进行测试,从表中可知,实施例1-4制得的板材TVOC在3000μg/m3以内,具有低VOC的特性。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种复合型环保装饰板材,其特征在于:包括基材、至少一层的修饰层与涂料层;所述基材的双面均呈波浪状;所述修饰层通过热压工艺固定在基材的至少一面;所述修饰层为与波浪状的基材表面贴合且呈三维交联网状结构的木质纤维板材;所述涂料层包覆在基材与修饰层的外侧并填充在基材与修饰层的各缝隙中。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种复合型环保装饰板材,其特征在于:所述涂料层包括以重量份计的如下组分:复合水性树脂乳液50-60份、碳纳米管10-20份、镁基膨润土3-5份、锂辉石粉3-5份、滑石粉2-3份、阻燃剂2-3份和助剂2-3份。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种复合型环保装饰板材,其特征在于:所述复合水性树脂乳液包括聚醋酸乙烯乳液、苯乙烯改性丙烯酸乳液和石蜡丙烯酸复合乳液。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种复合型环保装饰板材,其特征在于:所述木质纤维板材为木质纤维、聚醚酯弹性纤维和碳化硅纤维为基体的复合纤维体经加工后形成的二维纤维片层,再经叠加、编结和缠绕后形成的三维交联网状基体。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种复合型环保装饰板材,其特征在于:所述木质纤维素板材的制备方法如下:
(1)将木质纤维、聚醚酯弹性纤维和碳化硅纤维破碎后置于偶联剂水溶液中,取出干燥后倒入高速粉碎机中充分搅拌,制得复合纤维材料;
(2)复合纤维材料与藻酸盐、羟丙基淀粉混合均匀,然后将混合后的物料注入模具中热压成二维纤维片层;
(3)二维纤维片层利用针刺工艺,经过叠加、编结和缠绕后形成的三维交联网状基体。
6.如权利要求4所述的一种复合型环保装饰板材,其特征在于:所述木质素纤维板材的孔隙率为30-40%,厚度为10-30mm。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种复合型环保装饰板材,其特征在于:所述基材为PVC卷材、竹木纤维或者实木板材中的一种。
8.一种如权利要求1至7任一所述的复合型环保装饰板材的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将聚醋酸乙烯乳液、苯乙烯改性丙烯酸乳液和石蜡丙烯酸复合乳液混合后,搅拌加热至80-100℃,使得复合水性树脂乳液呈均匀的液态;
S2、将碳纳米管加入至均匀的复合水性树脂乳液中搅拌混合,充分混合后,将混合物的温度降至70-80℃后,再往混合物中加入镁基膨润土、硅灰石粉、滑石粉、阻燃剂和助剂,混合后充分搅拌反应1-3h,过滤后得到涂料待用;
S3、通过热压工艺将木质素纤维板材与基材进行板坯复合,然后降压张板,制成带有修饰层的复合板;
S4、将经过步骤(3)制得的带有修饰层的基材中填充步骤(2)制得的涂料,并让涂料完全包覆基材,稳定处理12-16h后进行光固化处理,得到复合型环保装饰板材。
9.如权利要求8所述的一种复合型环保装饰板材的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S3中的木质纤维素板材与基材送至热压机进行热压,热压温度160-200℃,热压压力为1.5-2.0MPa,热压时间为1.0-1.5min/mm,热压后将得到的复合板冷却到60℃以下,然后降压张板得到S3、通过热压工艺将木质素纤维板材与基材进行板坯复合,然后降压张板,制成带有修饰层的复合板。
10.如权利要求8所述的一种复合型环保装饰板材的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤S4中光固化处理采用的光源为紫外光,所述光固化处理的时间为30-40min。
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