CN117516641B - Channel section flow measurement equipment - Google Patents
Channel section flow measurement equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN117516641B CN117516641B CN202410013962.4A CN202410013962A CN117516641B CN 117516641 B CN117516641 B CN 117516641B CN 202410013962 A CN202410013962 A CN 202410013962A CN 117516641 B CN117516641 B CN 117516641B
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 28
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- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000035559 beat frequency Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/661—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters using light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
- G01F15/14—Casings, e.g. of special material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
- G01F15/18—Supports or connecting means for meters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of channel measurement, in particular to channel section flow measurement equipment, which comprises a bottom plate and a waterproof cover, wherein the waterproof cover is arranged on the bottom plate; still include laser emitter, photoelectric sensor, the receiver, a processor, rotary mechanism and swing mechanism, rotary mechanism installs on the bottom plate, laser emitter launches laser beam one and laser beam two, rotary mechanism drives laser emitter and rotates, swing mechanism installs on photoelectric sensor, swing mechanism drives the receiver and swings repeatedly in the horizontal plane, the echo of a laser beam target position is received to the receiver, the echo of laser beam one is sent to photoelectric sensor to the receiver, the echo of laser beam one interferes with laser beam two beat frequency, photoelectric sensor will interfere the ripples and convert into the electrical signal, the processor analysis the electrical signal obtains the distance and the water velocity of target position. The invention has the functions of distance measurement and speed measurement, improves the measurement precision by accurately measuring the speed of the target position, and has simple operation and good practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of channel measurement, in particular to channel section flow measurement equipment.
Background
The accurate measurement of the channel section flow is an important link for carrying out water resource optimal allocation and scientific management, and is also a technical problem to be solved in real-time accurate measurement of water intake in irrigation areas and diversion projects.
In the prior art, various channel section flow measurement devices and methods are proposed, for example, a flow measurement method based on channel section flow velocity field reconstruction is proposed in Chinese patent application with patent number ZL202111198735.6, and the method is characterized in that parameters representing section shape and ultrasonic measurement single-point flow velocity are input into an RBF neural network model, and then the model calculates the flow velocity of each point of the channel section in real time, so that channel section flow is obtained. According to the prior art, accurate measurement of flow velocity of each part on the section of the channel is a key for ensuring flow measurement accuracy.
In the prior art, various devices and methods for measuring the water flow velocity are also proposed, for example, a method and a device for detecting the cross-section flow velocity of a turbulent water body based on the laser Doppler effect are proposed in the application of China with the publication number of CN115856349A, the wavelength of laser of the device is shorter, echo signals of the device not only comprise rice scattering echoes caused by suspended particles, but also comprise Rayleigh scattering echoes caused by water molecules, and the scattered echo signals can be received even under the condition of extremely low concentration of suspended particles in deep sea, so that the effective detection of the cross-section flow velocity of the turbulent water body in deep sea can be realized.
Based on prior art, propose a convenient operation, can carry out special receipt to the echo of laser beam in the different positions of channel terminal surface to improve the water velocity measurement's in each position precision, and then improve the equipment of channel section flow measurement precision and will have the practicality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides channel section flow measuring equipment which has the functions of distance measurement and speed measurement, improves the measuring precision by accurately measuring the speed of a target position, and is simple to operate and good in practicability.
The invention relates to channel section flow measuring equipment, which comprises a bottom plate and a waterproof cover, wherein the waterproof cover is arranged on the bottom plate to form a waterproof box body; the device comprises a water body, a water cover, a laser emitter, a photoelectric sensor, a receiver, a processor, a rotating mechanism and a swinging mechanism, wherein the rotating mechanism is arranged on the bottom plate, the rotating mechanism is positioned inside the water cover, the laser emitter and the photoelectric sensor are arranged on the rotating mechanism, the laser emitter emits a first laser beam into the water body, the laser emitter emits a second laser beam into the photoelectric sensor, the first laser beam and the second laser beam are in the same frequency, the rotating mechanism drives the laser emitter to rotate so that the laser beam scans the section of a channel on a vertical surface, the receiver is rotatably arranged on the photoelectric sensor, the receiver is positioned in front of the laser emitter, the swinging mechanism is arranged on the photoelectric sensor, the swinging mechanism drives the receiver to swing repeatedly on the horizontal surface, the receiver receives an echo of the first laser beam at a target position, the receiver sends the echo of the first laser beam to the photoelectric sensor, the echo of the first laser beam interferes with the second laser beam at the beat frequency, the photoelectric sensor converts interference waves into electric signals, the processor is arranged on the bottom plate, and the processor analyzes the electric signals to obtain the distance and the water flow speed of the target position; during operation, stretch into the water of channel with bottom plate and buckler, laser emitter opens emission laser beam one and laser beam two, under rotary mechanism's drive, laser beam one scans the section edge of channel and surface of water and produces echo one, laser emitter and receiver cooperate and realize the range finding function, thereby measure the area that obtains the channel section, laser beam one shines suspended particle thing and turbulent flow at the water and arouses scattered echo two, because above-mentioned suspended particle thing and turbulent flow velocity are different, the frequency that leads to echo two in the position of different velocity of flow is different, echo two and laser beam one beat frequency interfere and produce beat frequency interference signal, photoelectric sensor will beat frequency interference signal converts the electrical signal into the electrical signal, the extraction of Doppler frequency shift is carried out to the electrical signal, calculate through formula V=λf/2, obtain echo two corresponding water velocity: wherein v is the flow velocity of each section, f is the Doppler shift of each section, and lambda is the wavelength of the first laser beam; under the drive of the swinging mechanism, the receiver swings reciprocally, and as the signal received by the receiver on the vertical angle is strongest, the receiver gradually receives the echo two of the first laser beam at different positions in the swinging process, so that the water flow velocity of the first laser beam at different positions on the section of the channel is obtained, the flow of the section of the channel is obtained according to the water flow velocity and the section area of the channel, the distance measuring and speed measuring functions are realized, the receiver can specially receive the echoes of the laser beam at different positions, the measuring precision of the water flow velocity of each position in the section of the channel is improved, the measuring precision of the flow of the section of the channel is improved, the operation is simple, and the practicability is good.
Preferably, the rotating mechanism comprises a mounting plate, a turntable, a bearing and a motor I, wherein the mounting plate is mounted on the bottom plate through a stand column, the turntable is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate through the bearing, the motor I is mounted on the bottom plate, an output shaft of the motor I is concentrically connected with the turntable, and the laser transmitter and the photoelectric sensor are mounted on the mounting plate; the motor drives the turntable to rotate, the turntable drives the laser transmitter to rotate, the laser transmitter transmits a laser beam, the laser beam scans the section of the channel, and the bearing enables the turntable to rotate smoothly and stably.
Preferably, the laser transmitter comprises a beam splitting shell, a laser head and a lens, wherein the beam splitting shell is arranged on the turntable, a beam splitter is arranged in the beam splitting shell, the laser head and the lens are arranged on the beam splitting shell, the laser beam emitted by the laser head is split into a first laser beam and a second laser beam by the beam splitter, the first laser beam is emitted to the water body through the lens, and the second laser beam is input into the photoelectric sensor; the beam splitting device in the beam splitting shell divides the laser emitted by the laser head into a first laser beam and a second laser beam with the same frequency, the first laser beam is emitted through the lens, and continuous laser beams and pulse laser beams can be generated through the modulator arranged in the laser head, so that different measurement precision can be realized.
Preferably, the photoelectric sensor further comprises an optical fiber I, an optical fiber II, an optical probe I and an optical probe II, wherein the optical probe I and the optical probe II are arranged in the photoelectric sensor, the input end of the optical fiber I is connected with the receiver, the output end of the optical fiber I stretches into the photoelectric sensor, the output end of the optical fiber I is opposite to the output end of the optical fiber II and is positioned at two sides of the optical probe II, the input end of the optical fiber II is connected with the beam splitter of the beam splitting shell, and the optical probe I is connected with the output end of the optical fiber I; the first echo and the second echo received by the receiver are input into the photoelectric sensor through the first optical fiber, the second laser beam is input into the photoelectric sensor through the second optical fiber, and the first photoelectric probe realizes a distance measuring function by detecting the time difference between the first echo and the second laser beam; the second echo and the second beat frequency of the laser beam interfere to generate a beat frequency interference signal, and the second photoelectric probe receives the beat frequency interference signal and converts the beat frequency interference signal into an electric signal, and the electric signal is received by the processor, so that the practicability is good.
Preferably, the swing mechanism comprises a gearbox shell, a motor II, a worm, a gear I, a half gear I, a gear II, a half gear II and an output gear, wherein the gearbox shell is arranged on the photoelectric sensor; the motor II drives the worm to rotate, the worm drives the gear I and the half gear I to rotate clockwise, meanwhile, the worm drives the gear II and the half gear II to rotate anticlockwise, when the half gear I is meshed with the output gear, the output gear and the driving shaft rotate anticlockwise, when the half gear II is meshed with the output gear, the output gear and the driving shaft rotate clockwise, so that the receiver is driven to swing reciprocally, the structure is simple, the swinging angle of the receiver can be adjusted by adjusting the reduction ratio of the half gear I, the half gear II and the output gear, and the practicality is good.
Preferably, the laser beam laser device further comprises an angle sensor for detecting the angle between the receiver and the first laser beam; the angle sensor detects the angle alpha between the receiver and the first laser beam, the distance a between the receiver and the first laser beam is known, the position of the second echo received by the receiver in the channel section is calculated through a trigonometric function tan (alpha) =b/a, and the accuracy of water flow speed measurement is improved.
Preferably, the waterproof cover also comprises a flow rate meter which is arranged outside the waterproof cover through a bracket; the flow velocity of the water body near the bottom plate is detected by the flow velocity meter, and the compensation coefficient is obtained by correcting the obtained flow velocity value and the measured flow velocity value at the same position, so that the measuring precision of the water flow velocity is improved.
Preferably, the motor also comprises a support rod, the bottom plate is rotatably arranged at the lower end of the support rod, and the rear end of the output shaft of the motor I is in transmission connection with the support rod through a one-way ratchet wheel; when the output shaft of the motor I rotates positively, the one-way ratchet wheel is not in transmission connection with the support rod, the output shaft of the motor I only drives the turntable to rotate, and when the output shaft of the motor I rotates reversely, the one-way ratchet wheel is in transmission connection with the support rod, so that the bottom plate is driven to rotate at the lower end of the support rod; because the deviation of the vertical angle exists between the scanning section of the laser transmitter and the channel section, the complete superposition is difficult to ensure, after the flow of the channel section is measured once, the output shaft of the motor I is reversed, the bottom plate is rotated 180 degrees under the action of the unidirectional ratchet wheel, the flow velocity meter is rotated to the right side from the left side of the bottom plate, the flow pushes the flow velocity meter, the bottom plate and the flow velocity meter integrally deflect oppositely to the last measurement, the measurement is carried out again, the two measurement results are fitted, and more accurate flow data can be obtained.
Preferably, the laser device further comprises a light-transmitting cover, wherein a detachable light-transmitting cover is arranged on the waterproof cover, and covers the laser emitter, the photoelectric sensor and the receiver; through setting up detachable printing opacity cover, conveniently change after the printing opacity cover is scratched by the object in the rivers.
Preferably, the device further comprises two stay bars, a connecting plate and a push rod, wherein the stay bars are vertically arranged, the two stay bars are arranged in parallel, one ends of the two stay bars are rotationally connected with the upper ends of the stay bars, the other ends of the two stay bars are rotationally connected with the connecting plate, the connecting plate is vertically arranged, one end of the push rod is rotationally connected with the connecting plate, and the other end of the push rod is rotationally connected with the stay bars; the connecting plate can be installed on carrying ship or shore-based support, and push rod shrink or extension drive branch lift through two vaulting poles, can make branch keep vertical, easy operation can stretch into the different degree of depth in the aquatic.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the device has the functions of distance measurement and speed measurement, and the wobbling receiver is used for specially receiving echoes of laser beams at different positions, so that the measuring accuracy of the water flow speed at each position in the channel section is improved, and the measuring accuracy of the flow of the channel section is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base plate, laser transmitter, photo sensor, receiver, processor, etc.;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the chassis, laser transmitter, photoelectric sensor, receiver, processor and rotary mechanism in an exploded state;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a photo sensor;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the swing mechanism;
FIG. 7 is a schematic top view of the swing mechanism;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the swing mechanism with the transmission housing removed;
the reference numerals in the drawings: 1. a bottom plate; 2. a waterproof cover; 3. a laser emitter; 4. a photoelectric sensor; 5. a receiver; 6. a processor; 7. a mounting plate; 8. a turntable; 9. a bearing; 10. a first motor; 11. a light-splitting shell; 12. a laser head; 13. a lens; 14. an optical fiber I; 15. an optical fiber II; 16. a first photoelectric probe; 17. a second photoelectric probe; 18. a transmission housing; 19. a second motor; 20. a worm; 21. a first gear; 22. a first half gear; 23. a second gear; 24. a second half gear; 25. an output gear; 26. an angle sensor; 27. a flow rate meter; 28. a support rod; 29. a light-transmitting cover; 30. a brace rod; 31. a connecting plate; 32. a push rod.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be readily understood, a more complete description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. This invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a channel section flow measuring apparatus includes a base plate 1 and a waterproof cover 2, the waterproof cover 2 being mounted on the base plate 1 to form a waterproof box; the device comprises a base plate 1, a waterproof cover 2, a laser emitter 3, a photoelectric sensor 4, a receiver 5, a processor 6, a rotating mechanism and a swinging mechanism, wherein the rotating mechanism is arranged on the base plate 1 and is positioned inside the waterproof cover 2, the laser emitter 3 and the photoelectric sensor 4 are arranged on the rotating mechanism, the laser emitter 3 emits a first laser beam into a water body, the laser emitter 3 emits a second laser beam into the photoelectric sensor 4, the first laser beam and the second laser beam are in the same frequency, the rotating mechanism drives the laser emitter 3 to rotate, the laser beam scans a channel section on a vertical surface, the receiver 5 is rotatably arranged on the photoelectric sensor 4, the receiver 5 is positioned in front of the laser emitter 3, the swinging mechanism is arranged on the photoelectric sensor 4, the swinging mechanism drives the receiver 5 to swing repeatedly on a horizontal surface, the receiver 5 receives an echo of a target position of the laser beam, the receiver 5 sends the echo of the first laser beam to the photoelectric sensor 4, the echo of the first laser beam is interfered with the second beat frequency of the laser beam, the photoelectric sensor 4 converts interference waves into electric signals, the processor 6 is arranged on the base plate 1, and the processor 6 analyzes the electric signals to obtain the distance and the water flow speed of the target position.
In this embodiment, rotary mechanism includes mounting panel 7, carousel 8, bearing 9 and motor one 10, and mounting panel 7 passes through the stand-column mounting on bottom plate 1, and carousel 8 passes through bearing 9 rotation to be installed on mounting panel 7, and motor one 10 is installed on bottom plate 1, and the output shaft and the carousel 8 of motor one 10 are connected with one heart, and laser emitter 3 and photoelectric sensor 4 all install on mounting panel 7.
Specifically, the laser transmitter 3 comprises a light-splitting shell 11, a laser head 12 and a lens 13, wherein the light-splitting shell 11 is arranged on the turntable 8, a light splitter is arranged in the light-splitting shell 11, the laser head 12 and the lens 13 are arranged on the light-splitting shell 11, the light splitter divides a laser beam emitted by the laser head 12 into a first laser beam and a second laser beam, the first laser beam is emitted to a water body through the lens 13, and the second laser beam is input into the photoelectric sensor 4.
In this embodiment, the photoelectric sensor 4 includes a first optical fiber 14, a second optical fiber 15, a first photoelectric probe 16 and a second photoelectric probe 17, the first photoelectric probe 16 and the second photoelectric probe 17 are installed in the photoelectric sensor 4, the input end of the first optical fiber 14 is connected with the receiver 5, the output end of the first optical fiber 14 extends into the photoelectric sensor 4, the output end of the first optical fiber 14 is opposite to the output end of the second optical fiber 15 and is located at two sides of the second photoelectric probe 17, the input end of the second optical fiber 15 is connected with the beam splitter of the beam splitter housing 11, and the first photoelectric probe 16 is connected with the output end of the first optical fiber 14.
The embodiment also comprises a light-transmitting cover 29, wherein the detachable light-transmitting cover 29 is arranged on the waterproof cover 2, and the light-transmitting cover 29 covers the laser transmitter 3, the photoelectric sensor 4 and the receiver 5.
During operation, the base plate 1 and the waterproof cover 2 extend into a water body of a channel, a modulator in the laser head 12 generates continuous laser beams, a beam splitter in the beam splitting shell 11 divides the laser beams emitted by the laser head 12 into a first laser beam and a second laser beam with the same frequency, the first laser beam is emitted by the lens 13, the motor 10 drives the rotary table 8 to rotate, the rotary table 8 drives the lens 13 to rotate, the first laser beam emitted by the lens 13 passes through the transparent cover 29 to scan the section edge of the channel and the water surface to generate an echo one, the bearing 9 enables the rotary table 8 to rotate smoothly, the echo one and the echo two received by the receiver 5 are input into the photoelectric sensor 4 through the optical fiber one 14, the second laser beam is input into the photoelectric sensor 4 through the optical fiber two 15, the photoelectric probe one 16 realizes a ranging function by detecting the time difference between the echo one and the second laser beam, the area of the cross section of the channel is obtained through measurement, meanwhile, the first laser beam irradiates suspended particles and turbulence in the water body to cause scattering echo two, the echo two is received by the receiver 5 and is input into the photoelectric sensor 4 through the optical fiber one 14, the echo two and the echo two frequency interference signals are generated, the beat frequency interference signals are received by the photoelectric probe two 17, the beat signal is converted into the interference signals, and the beat frequency signal is extracted through the Doppler frequency difference F=6, and the flow velocity is calculated by the flow velocity of the corresponding formula: where v is the flow velocity of each section, f is the Doppler shift of each section, and λ is the wavelength of the first laser beam.
The frequency of the echo two at the position of different flow velocity is different due to the fact that the suspended particles and the turbulence velocity are different, the receiver 5 swings back and forth under the drive of the swinging mechanism, and the receiver 5 receives the strongest signal at the vertical angle of the receiver 5, so that the receiver 5 receives the echo two at different positions of the first laser beam step by step in the swinging process, the water flow velocity at different positions on the section of the channel is obtained, and the section flow of the channel is obtained through calculation according to the water flow velocity and the section area of the channel.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8, the swing mechanism includes a gear housing 18, a motor two 19, a worm 20, a gear one 21, a half gear one 22, a gear two 23, a half gear two 24 and an output gear 25, the gear housing 18 is mounted on the photoelectric sensor 4, the motor two 19 is mounted on the gear housing 18, an output shaft of the motor two 19 is concentrically mounted with the worm 20, the worm 20 is located in the gear housing 18, the gear one 21 and the gear two 23 are rotatably mounted in the gear housing 18, the gear one 21 is meshed with a left side of the worm 20, the gear two 23 is meshed with a right side of the worm 20, the gear one 21 is coaxially mounted with a half gear one 22, the gear two 23 is coaxially mounted with a half gear two 24, the output gear 25 is rotatably mounted in the gear housing 18 through a driving shaft, the half gear one 22 and the half gear two 24 are alternately meshed with the output gear 25, and the driving shaft of the output gear 25 is stretched out of the outside of the gear housing 18 and is in driving connection with the receiver 5.
The present embodiment further comprises an angle sensor 26, the angle sensor 26 being arranged to detect the angle between the receiver 5 and the first laser beam.
The second motor 19 drives the worm 20 to rotate, the worm 20 drives the first gear 21 and the first half gear 22 to rotate clockwise, meanwhile, the worm 20 drives the second gear 23 and the second half gear 24 to rotate anticlockwise, when the first half gear 22 is meshed with the output gear 25, the output gear 25 and the driving shaft rotate anticlockwise, when the second half gear 24 is meshed with the output gear 25, the output gear 25 and the driving shaft rotate clockwise, so that the receiver 5 is driven to swing reciprocally, the angle of swing of the receiver 5 can be adjusted by adjusting the reduction ratio of the first half gear 22, the second half gear 24 and the output gear 25, the angle sensor 26 detects that the angle alpha between the receiver 5 and the first laser beam is known, the distance a between the receiver 5 and the first laser beam is calculated by a trigonometric function tan (alpha) =b/a, and the position of the second echo received by the receiver 5 is generated in the channel section is calculated, and the accuracy of water flow speed measurement is improved.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present embodiment further includes a flow meter 27 and a strut 28, the flow meter 27 is mounted outside the waterproof cover 2 through a bracket, the bottom plate 1 is rotatably mounted at the lower end of the strut 28, and the rear end of the output shaft of the first motor 10 is in transmission connection with the strut 28 through a unidirectional ratchet.
The embodiment further comprises two stay bars 30, a connecting plate 31 and a push rod 32, wherein the support rods 28 are vertically arranged, the two stay bars 30 are arranged in parallel, one ends of the two stay bars 30 are rotationally connected with the upper ends of the support rods 28, the other ends of the two stay bars 30 are rotationally connected with the connecting plate 31, the connecting plate 31 is vertically arranged, one end of the push rod 32 is rotationally connected with the connecting plate 31, and the other end of the push rod 32 is rotationally connected with the stay bars 30.
The connecting plate 31 is installed on the ship, push rod 32 shrink or extend and drive branch 28 through two vaulting poles 30 and go up and down, make branch 28 keep vertical drive bottom plate 1 stretch into the certain degree of depth in the water, the velocity of flow of water near the bottom plate 1 is detected to the current meter 27, through the velocity of flow value that obtains and the velocity of flow value in the same position that obtains the measurement, obtain compensation factor, thereby improve the measurement accuracy of water velocity, when the output shaft of motor one 10 corotates, one-way ratchet is not connected with branch 28 transmission, the output shaft of motor one 10 only drives carousel 8 and rotates, when the output shaft of motor one 10 is in reverse rotation, one-way ratchet is connected with branch 28 transmission, thereby drive bottom plate 1 and rotate at the lower extreme of branch 28.
Because the deviation of the vertical angle exists between the scanning section of the laser transmitter 3 and the channel section, the complete superposition is difficult to ensure, after the flow of the channel section is measured once, the output shaft of the motor I10 is reversed, the bottom plate 1 is rotated 180 degrees under the action of the unidirectional ratchet wheel, the flow meter 27 is rotated to the right side from the left side of the bottom plate 1, the flow pushes the flow meter 27, the bottom plate 1 and the flow meter 27 integrally deflect opposite to the last measurement, the measurement is carried out again, the two measurement results are fitted, and more accurate flow data can be obtained.
As shown in figures 1 to 8, in the channel section flow measuring equipment of the invention, when in operation, firstly, a push rod 32 is operated to stretch and retract to extend a base plate 1 and a waterproof cover 2 into a water body of a channel through a support rod 30 and a support rod 28, a laser head 12 emits laser beams, a beam splitter in a beam splitting shell 11 divides the laser beams into a laser beam I and a laser beam II with the same frequency, the laser beam I emits the laser beams to the water body through a lens 13, a motor I10 drives a rotary table 8 to rotate, the rotary table 8 drives a laser emitter 3 to rotate, the section edge of the laser beam I scans the channel and the water surface generate echo I, then the echo I received by a receiver 5 is input into a photoelectric sensor 4 through an optical fiber I14, the laser beam II is input into the photoelectric sensor 4 through an optical fiber II 15, a photoelectric probe I16 realizes a distance measuring function by detecting the time difference between the echo I and the laser beam II, the area of the channel section is measured, then the first laser beam irradiates suspended particles and turbulence to cause scattered echo two, the second motor 19 operates to drive the receiver 5 to swing reciprocally through the worm 20, the first gear 21, the first half gear 22, the second gear 23, the second half gear 24 and the output gear 25, as the signal received by the receiver 5 in the vertical angle is strongest, the receiver 5 gradually receives the echo two at different positions on the first laser beam in the swinging process, the echo two is input into the photoelectric sensor 4 through the first optical fiber 14, beat frequency interference signals are generated by the beat frequency interference of the echo two and the laser beam, the beat frequency interference signals are received by the second photoelectric probe 17 and converted into electric signals, the electric signals are received by the processor 6, the electric signals are extracted by Doppler frequency shift, the water flow velocity corresponding to the echo two is obtained through the calculation of the formula V=λf/2, obtaining the water flow speed of different positions on the channel section, calculating the flow of the channel section according to the water flow speed and the section area of the channel, driving the bottom plate 1 to rotate 180 degrees by the first motor 10 in a reverse rotation mode, measuring again, fitting the two measurement results, and obtaining the flow measurement data of the final channel section.
The main functions realized by the invention are as follows:
(1) The device has a distance measuring function, and can automatically scan the section of a channel to obtain section area data;
(2) The system has a speed measuring function, and the accurate speed measurement of the target position is realized by specially receiving echoes of laser beams at different positions, so that the channel section flow measurement accuracy is improved;
(3) The device has various arrangement modes and is simple to operate.
The channel section flow measuring equipment has the advantages that the installation mode, the connection mode or the setting mode are common mechanical modes, and the channel section flow measuring equipment can be implemented as long as the beneficial effects can be achieved; the waterproof cover 2, the laser transmitter 3, the photoelectric sensor 4, the receiver 5, the bearing 9, the motor I10, the beam splitter, the lens 13, the laser head 12, the optical fiber I14, the optical fiber II 15, the photoelectric probe I16, the photoelectric probe II 17, the motor II 19, the worm 20, the gear I21, the half gear I22, the gear II 23, the half gear II 24, the output gear 25, the angle sensor 26, the flow rate meter 27 and the push rod 32 of the channel section flow measurement device are purchased in the market, and can be installed and operated by a person skilled in the art only according to the attached use instruction without creative labor of the person skilled in the art.
All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The channel section flow measuring equipment comprises a bottom plate (1) and a waterproof cover (2), wherein the waterproof cover (2) is arranged on the bottom plate (1) to form a waterproof box body; the device is characterized by further comprising a laser emitter (3), a photoelectric sensor (4), a receiver (5), a processor (6), a rotating mechanism and a swinging mechanism, wherein the rotating mechanism is arranged on the bottom plate (1), the rotating mechanism is arranged in the waterproof cover (2), the laser emitter (3) and the photoelectric sensor (4) are arranged on the rotating mechanism, the laser emitter (3) emits a first laser beam into a water body, the laser emitter (3) emits a second laser beam into the photoelectric sensor (4), the first laser beam and the second laser beam are in the same frequency, the rotating mechanism drives the laser emitter (3) to rotate so that the laser beam scans a channel section on a vertical plane, the receiver (5) is rotatably arranged on the photoelectric sensor (4), the receiver (5) is positioned in front of the laser emitter (3), the swinging mechanism is arranged on the photoelectric sensor (4), the swinging mechanism drives the receiver (5) to repeatedly swing on a horizontal plane, the receiver (5) receives echoes of a first laser beam target position, the receiver (5) sends the echoes of the first laser beam to the photoelectric sensor (4), the first echoes of the first laser beam interfere with the second beat optical sensor (4), the first electromagnetic waves interfere with the second beat optical sensor (4) to convert the electromagnetic waves into interference waves at the position (6) on the bottom plate (6), and the water flow is processed at the position of the water flow, and the water flow is processed by the water flow, and the water flow is analyzed by the water flow is processed by the speed of the water flow;
the swing mechanism comprises a gearbox shell (18), a motor II (19), a worm (20), a first gear (21), a first half gear (22), a second gear (23), a second half gear (24) and an output gear (25), wherein the gearbox shell (18) is arranged on the photoelectric sensor (4), the motor II (19) is arranged on the gearbox shell (18), the worm (20) is concentrically arranged on an output shaft of the motor II (19), the worm (20) is arranged in the gearbox shell (18), the first gear (21) and the second half gear (23) are both rotatably arranged in the gearbox shell (18), the first gear (21) is meshed with the left side of the worm (20), the second gear (23) is meshed with the right side of the worm (20), the first half gear (22) is coaxially arranged on the first gear (21), the second half gear (24) is coaxially arranged on the second half gear (23), the output gear (25) is rotatably arranged in the gearbox shell (18) through a driving shaft, the first half gear (22) and the second half gear (24) are alternately meshed with the output gear (25), and the protruding drive shaft (18) of the output gear (25) is connected with a receiver (5) in a transmission way;
also included is an angle sensor (26), the angle sensor (26) being arranged to detect the angle between the receiver (5) and the first laser beam.
2. A channel section flow measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that the rotation mechanism comprises a mounting plate (7), a turntable (8), bearings (9) and a motor one (10), the mounting plate (7) is mounted on the base plate (1) by means of a column, the turntable (8) is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate (7) by means of the bearings (9), the motor one (10) is mounted on the base plate (1), an output shaft of the motor one (10) is connected concentrically with the turntable (8), and the laser transmitter (3) and the photoelectric sensor (4) are both mounted on the mounting plate (7).
3. A channel section flow measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the laser transmitter (3) comprises a beam splitting housing (11), a laser head (12) and a lens (13), the beam splitting housing (11) is mounted on the turntable (8), a beam splitter is arranged in the beam splitting housing (11), the laser head (12) and the lens (13) are mounted on the beam splitting housing (11), the beam splitter divides the laser beam emitted by the laser head (12) into a first laser beam and a second laser beam, the first laser beam is emitted to the water body through the lens (13), and the second laser beam is input into the photoelectric sensor (4).
4. A channel section flow measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the photoelectric sensor (4) further comprises a first optical fiber (14), a second optical fiber (15), a first photoelectric probe (16) and a second photoelectric probe (17), the first photoelectric probe (16) and the second photoelectric probe (17) are arranged in the photoelectric sensor (4), the input end of the first optical fiber (14) is connected with the receiver (5), the output end of the first optical fiber (14) extends into the photoelectric sensor (4), the output end of the first optical fiber (14) is opposite to the output end of the second optical fiber (15) and is located at two sides of the second photoelectric probe (17), the input end of the second optical fiber (15) is connected with the beam splitter of the beam splitter housing (11), and the first photoelectric probe (16) is connected with the output end of the first optical fiber (14).
5. A channel section flow measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a flow meter (27), the flow meter (27) being mounted to the outside of the waterproof cover (2) by means of a bracket.
6. A channel section flow measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a strut (28), the base plate (1) being rotatably mounted at the lower end of the strut (28), the rear end of the output shaft of the motor one (10) being in driving connection with the strut (28) by means of a one-way ratchet.
7. A channel section flow measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a light-transmitting cover (29), the light-transmitting cover (29) being detachably provided on the waterproof cover (2), the light-transmitting cover (29) covering the laser emitter (3), the photoelectric sensor (4) and the receiver (5).
8. The channel section flow measurement device according to claim 6, further comprising two stay bars (30), a connecting plate (31) and a push rod (32), wherein the stay bars (28) are vertically arranged, the two stay bars (30) are arranged in parallel, one ends of the two stay bars (30) are rotationally connected with the upper ends of the stay bars (28), the other ends of the two stay bars (30) are rotationally connected with the connecting plate (31), the connecting plate (31) is vertically arranged, one end of the push rod (32) is rotationally connected with the connecting plate (31), and the other ends of the push rod (32) are rotationally connected with the stay bars (30).
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