CN117515556A

CN117515556A - Low-cost low-emission incineration method for household garbage

Info

Publication number: CN117515556A
Application number: CN202311628013.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐海云; 尹水娥; 吴剑; 陆家纬; 蹇瑞欢; 梁俏俏; 石凯军; 胡洪伟; 宁红艳
Original assignee: Zhongcheng Institute Beijing Environmental Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhongcheng Institute Beijing Environmental Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-11-30
Filing date: 2023-11-30
Publication date: 2024-02-06

Abstract

The invention provides a low-cost low-emission incineration method for household garbage, which belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment and comprises the following steps: the household garbage to be treated is paved on a conveying belt, the type and the water content of garbage at each position on the conveying belt are estimated in the garbage conveying process, and the squeezing treatment is carried out through a squeezing roller. The garbage is initially heated by solid waste in the incinerator before the garbage enters the incinerator. After primary heating, the flue gas discharged from the incinerator is guided to a conveyor belt to carry out drying treatment on garbage, and simultaneously, the flue gas is sprayed with an adsorbent, so that fly ash in the flue gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent. And purifying the heat-exchanged flue gas together with other gases to be treated in the factory. The low-cost low-emission incineration method for the household garbage ensures the combustion efficiency of the incinerator, reduces the heat loss of the incinerator, finally ensures the combustion effect of the incinerator and reduces the cost required by incineration.

Description

Low-cost low-emission incineration method for household garbage

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage disposal, and particularly relates to a low-cost low-emission incineration method for household garbage.

Background

The population density of county level in China is relatively small, and population is relatively dispersed, so that garbage collection and transportation amount is generally low, and about 35% of county level cities and 80% of county level garbage collection and transportation amount is less than 200 tons per day. The garbage disposal scale is too small, which is not beneficial to the popularization of the current main stream large and medium-sized household garbage incineration technology.

Compared with the large-scale incineration technology, the small-scale incineration technology has relatively poor immature effect. The method is limited by the economic level, the common construction level of the county small-scale garbage incineration facilities is low, the automation control difficulty is high, the pollution is serious, the economic benefit is poor, technicians are lack, and the operation faults of the conventional county small-scale garbage incineration facilities are relatively more under the influence of multiple factors. More importantly, in the garbage incineration process, the combustion efficiency is poor, the heat loss is serious, and the harmful substances in the smoke are more due to insufficient garbage combustion, so that the overall incineration effect is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a low-cost low-emission incineration method for household garbage, and aims to solve the problems of poor combustion efficiency and serious heat loss in the garbage incineration process.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the low-cost low-emission incineration method for the household garbage comprises the following steps:

spreading domestic garbage to be treated on a conveying belt, estimating the type and the water content of the garbage at each position on the conveying belt in the garbage conveying process, and carrying out squeezing treatment by a squeezing roller;

the garbage is initially heated by solid waste in the incinerator before entering the incinerator;

after primary heating, spraying an adsorbent to the flue gas while guiding the flue gas discharged from the incinerator to the conveyor belt to dry the garbage, and adsorbing fly ash in the flue gas by the adsorbent;

and purifying the flue gas after heat exchange together with other gases to be treated in the factory.

In one possible implementation, the estimating the type and the moisture content of the refuse at each position on the conveyor belt during the refuse conveying process includes:

and the leachate of the garbage is primarily collected in the process of conveying the garbage on the conveying belt.

In one possible implementation, the preliminary collection of the leachate of the waste during the transfer of the waste on the conveyor belt comprises:

collecting the leachate flowing out of the garbage through a plurality of water permeable holes on the conveying belt; and the water permeable holes are used for heating and drying the garbage.

acquiring image information of the garbage on the conveyer belt in real time through a collector above the conveyer belt, and estimating the types and materials of the garbage at all positions by combining big data;

and determining the water content of the garbage on each part of the conveying belt through a water content detection device on the conveying belt.

the distance between the squeezing roller and the conveying belt is adjusted in real time according to the content fed back by the collector and the water content detection device, so that the squeezing efficiency is adjusted;

and properly adjusting the oxygen amount, the air amount and the like injected into the incinerator according to the determined type and material of the garbage and the effect of subsequent heating and drying.

In one possible implementation manner, the spraying the adsorbent onto the flue gas while guiding the flue gas exhausted from the incinerator onto the conveyor belt to perform drying treatment on the garbage includes:

a first heat exchange device is arranged below the conveying belt, and the solid waste is subjected to preliminary heating through the first heat exchange device;

a second heat exchange device is arranged above the conveying belt; and the flue gas carries out drying treatment on the garbage through the second heat exchange device.

heating the first heat exchange device and then drying the second heat exchange device along the conveying direction of the conveying belt;

the waste material belt is arranged below the conveying belt, the solid waste material is guided out of the incinerator by the waste material belt, and the heat of the solid waste material heats the garbage through the conveying belt.

introducing the flue gas exhausted by the incinerator through a pipeline at the top of the second heat exchange device, and installing a nozzle on the inner wall of the second heat exchange device; the adsorbent is sprayed out through the nozzle, and the adsorption of the adsorbent to the fly ash is completed before the flue gas contacts the garbage.

In one possible implementation, after the adsorbent is ejected through the nozzle and the adsorption of fly ash by the adsorbent is completed before the flue gas contacts the garbage, the method further comprises:

the adsorbent enters the incinerator along with the garbage, and forms solid matters after combustion is completed so as to avoid the re-emission of the fly ash.

In one possible implementation manner, the purifying the flue gas after heat exchange along with other gases to be treated in the factory includes:

and converging the gas discharged by the garbage on the conveying belt and the gas discharged by the second heat exchange device, and sequentially filtering and deacidifying.

The low-cost low-emission incineration method for the household garbage has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, in the low-cost low-emission incineration method for the household garbage, the household garbage to be treated is firstly paved on the conveying belt, the type and the water content of the garbage at each position on the conveying belt are estimated, and the squeezing treatment is carried out through the squeezing rollers. The solid waste in the incinerator is used for primarily heating the garbage before the garbage enters the incinerator, and the flue gas discharged by the incinerator is drained onto the conveyor belt to dry the garbage and spray the adsorbent to the flue gas, so that the flue gas fly ash is treated. And purifying the heat-exchanged flue gas together with other gases to be treated in the factory.

In this application, speculated and squeezing the dry treatment are carried out to type and the water content of rubbish, have guaranteed the combustion efficiency of burning furnace, and through the recovery to solid waste and flue gas heat, reduced the loss of burning furnace heat, finally guaranteed the combustion effect of burning furnace, reduced the required cost of burning, guaranteed the abundant burning of rubbish and reduced the emission of harmful substance in the flue gas.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-cost low-emission incineration method for household garbage according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the low-cost and low-emission incineration method for household garbage provided by the invention will now be described. The low-cost low-emission incineration method of the household garbage comprises the following steps:

the household garbage to be treated is paved on a conveying belt, the type and the water content of garbage at each position on the conveying belt are estimated in the garbage conveying process, and the squeezing treatment is carried out through a squeezing roller.

The garbage is initially heated by solid waste in the incinerator before the garbage enters the incinerator.

After primary heating, the flue gas discharged from the incinerator is guided to a conveyor belt to carry out drying treatment on garbage, and simultaneously, the flue gas is sprayed with an adsorbent, so that fly ash in the flue gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent.

And purifying the heat-exchanged flue gas together with other gases to be treated in the factory.

The smoke generated by the household garbage incineration system is generally high in temperature, and if the smoke is directly discharged, the waste of heat energy is caused, and secondary heat pollution is caused to the environment. The household garbage is generally large in moisture content, and the direct incineration not only causes the resource consumption of the incineration system to be aggravated, but also causes the operation disorder of the incineration system, so that the household garbage is generally stored, the moisture of the household garbage is reduced, the combustion value of the household garbage is improved, but certain garbage leachate is generated for treatment. Therefore, how to effectively treat the leachate of the garbage at low cost and fully utilize the waste heat of the tail gas becomes a problem to be solved in the field.

In some embodiments of the low-cost low-emission incineration method for household garbage provided by the application, the type and the water content of the garbage at each position on the conveying belt are presumed in the garbage conveying process to comprise:

In the process of incinerating the household garbage, the garbage is firstly required to be pretreated, and the garbage comprises household garbage, general industrial solid waste, agriculture and forestry waste, composting residues, sludge and other multi-source organic waste when being fed. It is the above-mentioned factor that needs to set up corresponding combustion parameter according to the type and the type of rubbish at present, and the final purpose is that guarantee rubbish and burn smoothly and effectively.

In the traditional incineration method, the current garbage condition is not carefully analyzed, namely the water content, the type, the material, the size, the volume and the like of the garbage are not determined, and the insufficient garbage combustion or serious resource waste can be caused by too much or too little air inlet quantity and oxygen inlet quantity.

Moreover, how to realize the incineration of the garbage at low cost and low emission is a technical problem to be solved at present, and as such, a method and a device for recycling the waste heat of the incinerator are appeared on the market, but the effect of the method is not obvious, and the energy recovery rate is low.

In some embodiments of the household garbage low-cost low-emission incineration method provided by the application, the preliminary collection of leachate of garbage in the process of conveying the garbage on the conveyor belt comprises the following steps:

collecting leachate from garbage through a plurality of water permeable holes on a conveying belt; and the water permeable holes are used for heating and drying the garbage.

The presence of a large amount of leachate in household waste affects the rate of combustion of the waste and the total amount of heat generated in the incinerator if the leachate is not treated at all, and the leachate contains a large amount of harmful substances, and the above substances cannot be purified effectively, with the end result of environmental pollution.

It is for this reason that it is necessary to bleed out leachate as much as possible before incineration of the waste, and the conventional method is to stack the household waste and collect the leachate at the bottom, but the above method is too inefficient and the amount of final collection is small.

The utility model provides a be provided with the conveyer belt at first in this application, the conveyer belt has certain width, has offered a plurality of holes of permeating water on the more important conveyer belt, is provided with the squeeze roll at the end of conveyer belt, and the squeeze roll has certain flexible performance, exists certain clearance between squeeze roll and the conveyer belt, just can carry out the wringing to domestic waste through the cooperation of both and handle, just makes the quick and effectual discharge of leachate through the extrusion of squeeze roll.

image information of garbage on the conveyor belt is acquired in real time through a collector above the conveyor belt, and the types and materials of garbage at all positions are estimated by combining big data.

The water content of garbage on the conveying belt is determined through a water content detection device on the conveying belt.

In the application, effective monitoring and treatment are needed before incineration of household garbage, and harmful substances possibly existing are removed in advance, because the entering amount of oxygen in the incinerator, the garbage drying time, the squeezing efficiency of a squeezing roller, the flow rate of flue gas, the spraying speed of an adsorbent and the like are adjusted in an adaptive manner through detection and judgment of various parameters of garbage.

For this purpose, large data and associated detection devices are used, and in particular, a collector is installed above the conveyor belt, by means of which the type of the refuse on the conveyor belt and the general volume and other parameters can be determined. In the implementation, the acquired picture is transmitted to the upper computer by the collector, the upper computer compares the received information with big data, so that the type of garbage at each position is determined, and simultaneously, the appearance is deduced by combining the type and the structure of the pixel points occupied by a single object in the information, so that the size of the volume is deduced.

The water content detection device arranged on the conveying belt can roughly estimate the water content of garbage at each position on the current conveying belt, and estimate the discharge amount of leachate by combining the characteristics of materials.

the distance between the squeezing roller and the conveying belt is adjusted in real time according to the feedback content of the collector and the water content detection device, so that the squeezing efficiency is adjusted.

The amount of oxygen and the amount of air injected into the incinerator are properly adjusted according to the determined type and material of the garbage and the effect of subsequent heating and drying.

For more detailed explanation, firstly, the collector judges the type and the type of garbage at each position through data transmission with the upper computer, and after the condition is determined, the water content of the garbage can be estimated approximately, namely the water content approximately range can be determined, and meanwhile, possible dangerous objects can be identified and early warned.

The water content detection device can detect the water content of the garbage more accurately, and after the water content of the garbage is determined, the type detected by the collector is combined, so that the content of oxygen required by completely burning the garbage can be determined, and on the basis of optimal economy, the setting condition of parameters during the drying treatment of the garbage can be determined, thereby ensuring the lowest cost.

Furthermore, in order to properly control the degree of squeezing of the garbage by the squeezing roller, it is necessary to estimate the type and hardness of the garbage based on the content determined by the collector and the water content detector, and to control the distance between the squeezing roller and the conveyor belt based on the measured target degree of squeezing, because the smaller the distance is, the smaller the water content of the garbage is.

In some embodiments of the household garbage low-cost low-emission incineration method provided by the application, spraying the adsorbent to the flue gas while draining the flue gas discharged from the incinerator onto the conveyor belt to dry the garbage comprises:

the solid waste is initially heated by the first heat exchange device.

In order to save energy, after the garbage is squeezed by the squeezing rollers, the garbage needs to be dried and incinerated later, and the garbage is directly conveyed into an incinerator to be incinerated in the traditional way, but because the temperature of the garbage is low and certain moisture still exists in the garbage, a large amount of heat in the incinerator needs to be consumed when the garbage is combusted, the incineration efficiency is low, and meanwhile, the smoke generated by incomplete combustion is more.

For this needs to set up stoving and flue gas processing apparatus between conveyer belt and the burning furnace in this application, at first in order to realize the heating to rubbish, need carry the flue gas that produces in the burning furnace to the conveyer belt on for the flue gas can direct contact rubbish, thereby reaches the purpose that further reduces its water content. Because the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the incinerator is higher, the higher temperature can quickly evaporate the water on the surface and in the garbage, the temperature of the garbage is increased and the water content is reduced.

and heating the first heat exchange device and then drying the second heat exchange device along the conveying direction of the conveying belt.

The waste belt is arranged below the conveying belt, solid waste is guided out from the incinerator by the waste belt, and the heat of the solid waste heats the garbage through the conveying belt.

The incinerator generates a large amount of solid waste and flue gas when burning garbage, and the solid waste has larger heat at the moment although the solid waste can not burn any more, so that if the solid waste can be subjected to heat recovery to a certain extent, the consumption of the whole resource and the waste of energy sources can be reduced.

It is for above-mentioned reason that this application is at first by solid waste to the preliminary heating of rubbish, after the rubbish primary heating, rethread flue gas carries out the secondary heating, and the final purpose reduces the water content of rubbish.

In order to achieve the technical effect, two heat exchange devices are arranged on the conveying belt, wherein the first heat exchange device is used for heat exchange between the solid waste and the garbage, and the second heat exchange device is used for drying and heating the garbage through hot air. In particular, when implementing, the import and the export setting of burning furnace are in same side, with the gradual transport of the solid waste in the burning furnace out through the waste material area, and the waste material area is thermal insulation material finished piece, and the waste material area can move to the below of conveyer belt, thereby the heat in the solid waste upwards transmits the realization to the heating of rubbish.

introducing flue gas exhausted by the incinerator through a pipeline at the top of the second heat exchange device, and installing a nozzle on the inner wall of the second heat exchange device; the adsorbent is sprayed out through a nozzle, and the adsorption of the adsorbent to the fly ash is completed before the flue gas contacts the garbage.

The flue gas discharged from the incinerator is mixed with a large amount of fly ash, and the fly ash must be purified according to the environmental protection requirement to avoid influencing the environment, and for the above reasons, the waste treatment plant needs to deacidify and adsorb the flue gas. However, the treatment mode has a longer flow, on one hand, the garbage can not be heated, and on the other hand, the amount of the adsorbent required to be used is larger, so that the flue gas treatment cost is increased to a certain extent.

To above-mentioned problem, need directly switch on untreated flue gas in this application in the second heat transfer device, the temperature of flue gas is higher this moment to fly ash is mingled with in the flue gas. In order to reduce the fly ash and dry the garbage, the second heat exchange device is provided with a nozzle, the nozzle sprays mist adsorbent, the adsorbent can effectively adsorb the fly ash in the flue gas, the flue gas is adsorbed by the fly ash after contacting with the adsorbent, and the flue gas contacts with the garbage again at the moment to dry the garbage.

In some embodiments of the low-cost low-emission incineration method for household garbage provided by the application, after the adsorbent is sprayed out through the nozzle and the adsorption of the adsorbent to the fly ash is completed before the flue gas contacts the garbage, the method further comprises:

the adsorbent enters the incinerator along with the garbage, and forms solid matters after combustion is completed so as to avoid the re-emission of fly ash.

The atomized adsorbent sprayed out of the nozzle can effectively remove the fly ash in the flue gas, so that the aim of purification is fulfilled, more importantly, the adsorbent can form blocky incombustible matters after being burnt in the incinerator, so that the fly ash is prevented from escaping to a certain extent, and the burnt adsorbent finally follows other solid waste to be discharged from the incinerator.

Through the operation, the flow of flue gas treatment is shortened, the combustion efficiency is improved, the consumption of resources is reduced, and the incineration treatment of garbage at lower cost can be realized.

In some embodiments of the method for incinerating household garbage with low cost and low emission provided by the application, purifying the flue gas after heat exchange together with other gases to be treated in a factory comprises:

and converging the gas discharged from the garbage on the conveyor belt and sequentially filtering and deacidifying the gas discharged from the second heat exchange device.

The flue gas and the garbage volatilize certain gas, and the gas needs to be filtered correspondingly to be discharged into the surrounding atmosphere, so that two sets of air purifying devices are installed in a traditional garbage treatment plant, one set of air purifying device is used for purifying the gas in the whole plant area before the garbage is burnt, the gas is mainly treated by using a filter screen, and the other set of air purifying device is mainly used for filtering and a pure dry deacidification process aiming at the flue gas discharged by the incinerator. Although the operation method can have a certain effect, the two sets of purification systems operate simultaneously, which results in higher cost and higher purchase cost.

In the application, the gas exhausted from the second heat exchange device and the gas exhausted from the first heat exchange device and the gas exhausted from the factory are integrated, namely, the gas exhausted from the second heat exchange device and the gas exhausted from the factory are both led into a filtering system, and the filtering system is used for filtering firstly, then the deacidification process is carried out after the filtering is finished, and finally, the standard of safe emission is reached.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims

1. The low-cost low-emission incineration method for the household garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

2. The low-cost, low-emission incineration method for household garbage according to claim 1, wherein said estimating the type and water content of the garbage at each position on the conveyor belt during the garbage transportation comprises:

3. The low-cost, low-emission incineration method for household waste according to claim 2, wherein the preliminary collection of leachate of the waste during the transportation of the waste on the conveyor belt comprises:

4. The low-cost, low-emission incineration method for household garbage according to claim 1, wherein said estimating the type and water content of the garbage at each position on the conveyor belt during the garbage transportation comprises:

5. The low-cost, low-emission incineration method for household garbage according to claim 4, wherein said estimating the type and water content of said garbage at each position on said conveyor belt during said garbage transportation comprises:

6. The low-cost low-emission incineration method for household garbage according to claim 1, wherein spraying an adsorbent to the flue gas while guiding the flue gas discharged from the incinerator to the conveyor belt to dry the garbage comprises:

7. The low-cost, low-emission incineration method for household garbage according to claim 6, wherein spraying an adsorbent to the flue gas while guiding the flue gas discharged from the incinerator to the conveyor belt to dry the garbage comprises:

8. The low-cost, low-emission incineration method for household garbage according to claim 7, wherein spraying an adsorbent to the flue gas while guiding the flue gas discharged from the incinerator to the conveyor belt to dry the garbage comprises:

9. The low-cost, low-emission incineration method for household garbage according to claim 8, further comprising, after the adsorbent is ejected through the nozzle and the adsorption of fly ash by the adsorbent is completed before the flue gas contacts the garbage:

10. The low-cost low-emission incineration method for household garbage according to claim 8, wherein the purifying the flue gas after heat exchange together with other gases to be treated in the factory comprises: