CN117515553A - Hazardous waste recycling device and hazardous waste recycling method - Google Patents
Hazardous waste recycling device and hazardous waste recycling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117515553A CN117515553A CN202210899316.3A CN202210899316A CN117515553A CN 117515553 A CN117515553 A CN 117515553A CN 202210899316 A CN202210899316 A CN 202210899316A CN 117515553 A CN117515553 A CN 117515553A
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- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 186
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 240
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010888 waste organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010914 pesticide waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003171 wood protecting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011335 coal coke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention provides a recycling treatment device and a recycling treatment method for hazardous waste. The recycling treatment device for the hazardous waste comprises reduction equipment, a grate furnace, calcination equipment, a flue gas purification system and collection equipment. The reduction equipment is used for reacting the mixture containing zinc oxide hazardous waste, high-heat-value hazardous waste and waste activated carbon hazardous waste after compatibility; the grate furnace is arranged at the downstream of the reduction equipment to receive and burn the solid waste of the reduction equipment; the calcining equipment is arranged at the downstream of the reducing equipment and the grate furnace to receive zinc gas of the reducing equipment and flue gas of the grate furnace and perform oxidation and calcination; the flue gas purification system is arranged at the downstream of the calcination equipment to receive the flue gas and purify the flue gas to reach the emission standard; the collecting device is arranged at the downstream of the calcining device and is used for collecting the zinc oxide solid particles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment, in particular to a hazardous waste recycling treatment device and a hazardous waste recycling treatment method.
Background
In the recycling treatment method of hazardous waste, a volatilization method is used for the hazardous waste containing zinc oxide, such as HW12 dye coating waste, HW23 zinc-containing waste, HW48 nonferrous metal smelting waste and the like, and the recovered product is zinc oxide.
The volatilization method is also a reduction volatilization method, namely a Wiltz method, and is to mix dangerous waste containing zinc oxide with coal coke powder accounting for over 50 percent and then enter a rotary kiln. At the high temperature of 1100-1300 ℃, zinc oxide in the material and carbon in the coke powder or carbon monoxide generated by incomplete combustion reaction of carbon and oxygen generate reduction reaction, and zinc gas is generated and enters the flue gas; and then the zinc gas in the flue gas is oxidized into zinc oxide solid particles. Finally, zinc oxide in the flue gas is separated and recovered by a dust collector. The coal coke powder is used as reducing agent of zinc oxide and fuel for maintaining high temperature in kiln. In order to ensure the recovery rate of zinc oxide, the addition amount of coal coke powder is large, so that the environment is polluted greatly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an environment-friendly recycling treatment device and recycling treatment method for hazardous wastes, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a recycling treatment device for hazardous waste, comprising:
the reduction equipment is used for reacting the mixture containing zinc oxide hazardous waste, high-heat-value hazardous waste and waste activated carbon hazardous waste after compatibility;
the grate furnace is arranged at the downstream of the reduction equipment and used for receiving and incinerating the solid waste of the reduction equipment;
the calcining equipment is arranged at the downstream of the reducing equipment and the grate furnace to receive zinc gas of the reducing equipment and flue gas of the grate furnace and perform oxidation calcination;
the flue gas purification system is arranged at the downstream of the calcination equipment and is used for receiving flue gas and purifying the flue gas to reach emission standards;
and the collecting device is arranged at the downstream of the calcining device and is used for collecting the zinc oxide solid particles.
In one embodiment, the outlet of the grate furnace is also connected to the inlet of the reduction apparatus to deliver ash to the reduction apparatus.
In one embodiment, a heat exchange sedimentation chamber is further arranged between the calcination equipment and the flue gas purification system so as to reduce the temperature of flue gas output by the calcination equipment and the temperature of the zinc oxide solid particles;
the heat exchange settling chamber is connected with the collecting device so as to convey the zinc oxide solid particles to the collecting device.
In one embodiment, a quenching collection tower is further arranged between the heat exchange sedimentation chamber and the flue gas purification system, so as to rapidly reduce the temperatures of the flue gas and the zinc oxide solid particles;
the quench collection tower is coupled to the collection apparatus to transport the zinc oxide solid particles to the collection apparatus.
The invention also provides a recycling treatment method of the hazardous waste, which is used for treating the hazardous waste containing zinc oxide, high-heat value hazardous waste and waste activated carbon, and comprises the following steps:
detecting the content of zinc in the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste, detecting the heat value in the high-heat-value hazardous waste, and detecting the content of fixed carbon in the waste activated carbon hazardous waste;
weighing the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste, the high-heat-value hazardous waste and the waste activated carbon hazardous waste according to the detection result, so that a mixture formed by the compatibility of the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste, the high-heat-value hazardous waste and the waste activated carbon hazardous waste comprises 8-15% of Zn and 24-45% of fixed carbon in percentage by mass, the particle size of the mixture is 10-100 mm, and the heat value of the mixture is 1500-3500 kcal/kg;
the mixture reacts in reduction equipment, wherein the high-heat-value dangerous waste is burnt to generate heat, so that zinc oxide in the zinc oxide-containing dangerous waste and fixed carbon in the waste activated carbon-containing dangerous waste undergo a reduction reaction to generate zinc gas;
the unreacted hazardous waste and the organic solid formed by the unreacted hazardous waste in the reaction enter a grate furnace to be continuously burnt to generate smoke and furnace dust;
the zinc gas and the flue gas enter a calcining device to be oxidized and calcined to form zinc oxide solid particles;
and cooling and purifying the flue gas, discharging the cooled flue gas to the atmosphere, and recovering the zinc oxide solid particles after sedimentation and cooling.
In one embodiment, the reaction conditions of the mixture within the reduction apparatus are: the negative pressure is 30-80Pa, the reaction time is 60-120 min, and the high-heat-value hazardous waste is burnt, so that the temperature of the first equipment is 1000-1100 ℃.
In one embodiment, the conditions for oxidative calcination of the zinc gas are: the temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, and the residence time of the zinc gas is more than 2 seconds.
In one embodiment, the burning reaction temperature in the third equipment is 850-900 ℃, the residence time of the solid waste is 20-60 min, and the burning rate of the slag is less than 5%.
In one embodiment, the step of recovering the zinc oxide solid particles after sedimentation and cooling comprises the following steps:
the zinc oxide solid particles and the flue gas are subjected to indirect heat exchange with softened water, so that the temperatures of the zinc oxide solid particles and the flue gas are reduced to 500-550 ℃, and the zinc oxide solid particles are settled and recovered in a concentrated way;
and then quenching the residual zinc oxide solid particles and the flue gas to enable the temperature to be reduced to below 200 ℃ within 1 second, and settling the residual zinc oxide solid particles for centralized recovery.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps:
and (3) purifying the flue gas, discharging the flue gas to the atmosphere after reaching the standard, and collecting and treating fly ash.
In one embodiment, the mixture has a mass percentage of S < 1% and a mass percentage of Cl < 0.5%.
In one embodiment, before the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste, the high-heat-value hazardous waste and the waste activated carbon hazardous waste are mixed, a compatibility experiment is performed, and the compatibility of the three is confirmed to be non-reactive.
In one embodiment, the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste comprises at least one of HW12 dye, paint waste, HW17 surface treatment waste, and HW23 zinc-containing waste in the national hazardous waste directory (2021 edition);
the high-calorific-value hazardous waste comprises HW06 waste organic solvent and at least one of organic solvent-containing waste, HW08 waste mineral oil waste, HW12 dye and paint waste in the national hazardous waste directory (2021 edition);
the waste activated carbon type hazardous waste comprises at least one of HW02 medical waste, HW04 pesticide waste, HW05 wood preservative waste, HW06 waste organic solvent and organic solvent-containing waste, HW15 explosive waste, HW18 incineration disposal residue, HW29 mercury-containing waste and HW49 other waste in the national hazardous waste directory (2021 edition).
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the invention relates to a recycling treatment device for hazardous wastes, which comprises reduction equipment, a grate furnace, calcination equipment, a flue gas purification system and collection equipment. Firstly, reacting in reduction equipment to obtain solid and gas, recycling heat energy in high-heat-value hazardous waste and fixed carbon in waste activated carbon hazardous waste, and recycling zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste. The solid and gas obtained after the reaction of the reduction equipment enter a grate furnace and a calcination device respectively, so that the separation of the solid and the gas is realized. The solid enters a grate furnace for burning, the gas is continuously burned to obtain zinc oxide solid particles, and the zinc oxide solid particles are recovered.
According to the recycling treatment method of the hazardous waste, disclosed by the invention, the heat energy in the high-heat-value hazardous waste and the fixed carbon in the waste activated carbon hazardous waste are recycled, the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste is recycled, and the zinc oxide can be separated from the hazardous waste and collected and recycled without using external heat energy and coal tar powder. The method reduces the disposal cost, reduces the pollution to the environment, saves energy, increases efficiency, truly realizes the resource utilization of dangerous wastes and carbon emission reduction, and is environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hazardous waste recycling disposal apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for recycling hazardous waste in the present invention.
The reference numerals are explained as follows:
1. a recycling disposal device for hazardous waste; 11. a reduction device; 12. a fire grate furnace; 13. a calcination apparatus; 14. a flue gas purification system; 15. a collection device; 16. a heat exchange sedimentation chamber; 17. quenching and collecting tower; 18. a bag-type dust collector.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments that embody features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following description. It will be understood that the invention is capable of various modifications in various embodiments, all without departing from the scope of the invention, and that the description and illustrations herein are intended to be by way of illustration only and not to be construed as limiting the invention.
For the purpose of further illustrating the principles and structure of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a recycling treatment device and a recycling treatment method for hazardous waste, wherein in the recycling treatment process of hazardous waste containing zinc oxide, the heat energy in the hazardous waste with high heat value and the fixed carbon in the hazardous waste with waste activated carbon are recycled, and the zinc oxide can be separated from the hazardous waste and collected and recycled without using external heat energy and coal coke powder. The method reduces the disposal cost, reduces the pollution to the environment, saves energy, increases efficiency, truly realizes waste utilization and carbon emission reduction, and is environment-friendly.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of the hazardous waste recycling apparatus, and referring to fig. 1, the hazardous waste recycling apparatus 1 includes a reduction device 11, a fire grate 12, a calcination device 13, a flue gas cleaning system 14, and a collection device 15.
The reduction device 11 is used for reacting the mixture containing zinc oxide hazardous waste, high-heat value hazardous waste and waste activated carbon hazardous waste after compatibility.
Specifically, in the reduction device 11, the high-heating-value hazardous waste is incinerated to generate heat, so that zinc oxide in the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste and fixed carbon in the waste activated carbon-containing hazardous waste undergo a reduction reaction to generate zinc gas.
Primary air is introduced into the reduction device 11. In this embodiment, the reduction apparatus 11 is a reduction volatilizing kiln.
Wherein the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste comprises at least one of HW12 dye, paint waste, HW17 surface treatment waste and HW23 zinc-containing waste in the national hazardous waste List (2021 edition). Zinc in the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste exists mainly in the form of zinc oxide.
Illustratively, the coating waste is, for example, 900-250-12, 900-251-12, 900-252-12, 900-254-12, etc. HW17 surface treat waste such as 336-052-17, 336-064-17, 336-066-17.HW23 zinc-containing waste such as 336-103-23, 384-001-23, 312-001-23, 900-021-23.
The high heating value hazardous waste includes HW06 waste organic solvent and at least one of organic solvent-containing waste, HW08 waste mineral oil waste, HW12 dye and paint waste in the national hazardous waste directory (2021 edition).
HW06 waste organic solvent and organic solvent-containing waste such as 900-401-06, 900-402-06, 900-404-06, etc. Coating wastes such as 264-011-12, 264-012-12, 264-013-12, 900-253-12, 900-255-12, 900-256-12, 900-299-12.
Wherein the calorific value in the high calorific value hazardous waste is generally referred to as low calorific value.
The waste activated carbon type hazardous waste includes HW02 medical waste, HW04 pesticide waste, HW05 wood preservative waste, HW06 waste organic solvent and organic solvent-containing waste, HW15 explosive waste, HW18 incineration disposal residue, HW29 mercury-containing waste and HW49 other waste in the national hazardous waste directory (2021 edition).
HW02 medical waste such as 271-003-02, 272-003-02, 275-005-02.HW04 pesticide waste such as 263-010-04, etc. HW05 wood preservative waste such as 266-001-05.HW06 waste organic solvent and organic solvent-containing waste such as 900-405-06, etc. HW15 explosive waste such as 267-002-15.HW18 incinerates disposal residue, such as 772-005-018.HW29 contains mercury waste such as 261-053-29, 265-001-29, 265-002-29, 384-003-29, 387-001-29, 900-452-29.HW49 other waste such as 900-039-49.
The grate furnace 12 is disposed downstream of the reduction apparatus 11 to receive and incinerate the solid waste of the reduction apparatus 11.
When incinerated in the grate furnace 12, hazardous waste of high calorific value and some organic solids are mainly incinerated to produce flue gas and slag. Among them, slag can be used for sale.
Further, the outlet of the grate furnace 12 is also connected to the inlet of the reduction apparatus 11 to deliver the ash to the reduction apparatus 11. Wherein, unreacted dangerous waste containing zinc oxide and waste activated carbon in the grate furnace 12 exists in the form of furnace ash, and the dangerous waste is returned into the reduction equipment 11 for reduction reaction, thereby fully saving materials and reducing cost.
In this embodiment, the furnace exhaust gas is introduced into the grate furnace 12.
The calcination apparatus 13 is disposed downstream of the reduction apparatus 11 and the furnace 12 to receive zinc gas of the reduction apparatus 11 and flue gas of the furnace 12 and perform oxidation calcination.
The zinc gas is oxidized and calcined in the reduction device 11, and zinc is oxidized to form zinc oxide solid particles.
Specifically, the secondary air is introduced into the calcination apparatus 13. In this embodiment, the calcination apparatus 13 is an oxidation calciner.
A flue gas cleaning system 14 is arranged downstream of the calcination apparatus 13 to receive the flue gas and clean the flue gas to emission standards.
A collection device 15 is provided downstream of the calcination device 13 for collecting the zinc oxide solid particles.
Further, a heat exchange sedimentation chamber 16 is arranged between the calcination equipment 13 and the flue gas purification system 14 to reduce the temperature of the flue gas and zinc oxide solid particles output by the calcination equipment 13. And the heat exchange settling chamber 16 is connected with the collecting device 15 to convey the zinc oxide solid particles to the collecting device 15.
And a quenching collection tower 17 is arranged between the heat exchange sedimentation chamber 16 and the flue gas purification system 14, so as to be used for rapidly reducing the temperature of flue gas and zinc oxide solid particles. A quench collection tower 17 is connected to the collection apparatus 15 to deliver zinc oxide solid particles to the collection apparatus 15.
A bag-type dust collector 18 is also arranged between the quenching collection tower 17 and the flue gas cleaning system 14 for dust removal.
The bag-type dust collector 18 is also connected with the collecting device 15 to convey the dust-removed zinc oxide solid particles to the collecting device 15.
The recycling treatment device 1 of the hazardous waste also comprises compatibility equipment; the compatibility device comprises a weighing device for weighing and a mixing device for compatibility.
Because the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste, the high-heat-value hazardous waste and the waste activated carbon-containing hazardous waste are various in variety, complex in components and unstable, the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste, the high-heat-value hazardous waste and the waste activated carbon-containing hazardous waste are required to be subjected to element and industrial analysis before mixing and disposal, and data support is provided for material compatibility.
Thus, the hazardous waste recycling apparatus 1 further comprises a detection device. The detection equipment is used for detecting the content of zinc in the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste, detecting the heat value in the high-heat-value hazardous waste and detecting the content of fixed carbon in the waste activated carbon hazardous waste.
Specifically, the items detected are mainly: zinc, iron, water, ash, fixed carbon, lower heating value (kcal/kg), and the like. The recycling treatment device 1 of the hazardous waste firstly obtains solid and gas by reacting in the reduction equipment 11, and recycles the heat energy in the high-heat-value hazardous waste and the fixed carbon in the waste activated carbon hazardous waste to recycle the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste. The solid and gas obtained after the reaction of the reduction device 11 enter the grate furnace 12 and the calcination device 13 respectively, so that the separation of the solid and the gas is realized. The solid enters the grate furnace 12 for incineration, the gas is continuously calcined to obtain zinc oxide solid particles, and the zinc oxide solid particles are recovered.
The invention also provides a recycling treatment method of the hazardous waste, which is used for treating the hazardous waste containing zinc oxide, the hazardous waste with high heat value and the hazardous waste with waste activated carbon. Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of a method for recycling hazardous waste, referring to fig. 2, specifically comprising the following steps:
s1, detecting the content of zinc in the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste, detecting the heat value in the high-heat-value hazardous waste, and detecting the content of fixed carbon in the waste activated carbon hazardous waste.
S2, weighing the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste, the high-heat-value hazardous waste and the waste activated carbon hazardous waste according to the detection result, so that the mixture after the compatibility of the three components comprises 8-15% of Zn and 24-45% of fixed carbon in percentage by mass, the particle size of the mixture is 10-100 mm, and the heat value is 1500-3500 kcal/kg.
Specifically, before the hazardous wastes containing zinc oxide, high-heat value and waste activated carbon are weighed, each hazardous waste is subjected to pretreatment.
Pretreatment includes screening and disruption. Screening mainly removes iron, stones and other impurities in the hazardous waste.
Crushing is used to reduce the particle size of each hazardous waste.
Wherein, according to the content of zinc in the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste, the content of fixed carbon in the high-calorific-value hazardous waste is compatible, so that the mixture comprises 8-15% of Zn and 24-45% of fixed carbon in percentage by mass, and the calorific value of the mixture is 1500-3500 kcal/kg.
Further, the mass percentage of S in the mixture is less than 1%, and the mass percentage of Cl is less than 0.5%. By limiting S and Cl in the mixture, the efficiency of subsequent flue gas purification is ensured.
Furthermore, in order to ensure safety, a compatibility experiment is required before the three types of hazardous wastes are mixed, and the three types of hazardous wastes are confirmed to be mixed and not reacted, so that adverse effects are avoided.
To better illustrate the proportions of the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste, the high-calorific-value hazardous waste, and the waste activated carbon-containing hazardous waste, examples of proportions between different kinds of hazardous waste are provided below.
Example 1
The zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste is HW12 dye and paint waste, the high-heat-value hazardous waste is HW06 waste organic solvent and organic solvent-containing waste, and the waste activated carbon hazardous waste is HW49 other waste.
The ratio of the three is 0.3:0.4:0.3. the mixture formed by the three components comprises 8.3 percent of zinc by mass, 38.1 percent of fixed carbon by mass and 3570kcal/kg of low-calorific value.
Example two
The zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste is HW23 zinc-containing waste, the high-heat-value hazardous waste is HW08 waste mineral oil and mineral oil-containing waste, and the waste activated carbon-containing hazardous waste is HW49 other waste.
The ratio of the three is 0.6:0.1:0.3. the mixture formed by the three components comprises 12.4 percent by mass of zinc, 45.4 percent by mass of fixed carbon and 1504kcal/kg of lower calorific value.
Example III
The zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste is HW48 nonferrous metal smelting waste, the high-heat-value hazardous waste is HW12 dye and paint waste, and the waste activated carbon hazardous waste is HW49 other waste.
The ratio of the three is 0.4:0.3: :03. The mixture formed by the three components comprises 15.1 percent of zinc by mass, 23.9 percent of fixed carbon by mass and 2032kcal/kg of low-grade heat value.
S3, the mixture reacts in the reduction equipment 11, wherein high-heat-value dangerous waste is burnt to generate heat, so that zinc oxide in the zinc oxide-containing dangerous waste and fixed carbon in the waste activated carbon-containing dangerous waste undergo a reduction reaction to generate zinc gas.
Specifically, the mixture formulated in step S2 is transferred into the reduction apparatus 11. Primary air is introduced into the reduction device 11.
The reaction conditions under which the mixture undergoes a negative pressure reaction in the reduction device 11 are: the negative pressure is 30-80Pa, the residence time of the mixture is 60-120 min, and the high-heat value hazardous waste is incinerated, so that the temperature of the reduction equipment 11 is 1000-1100 ℃.
Wherein the preferred pressure range is 50-60Pa. That is, the inside of the reduction device 11 is kept in a slightly negative pressure state.
In the reduction device 11, the high-heat-value hazardous waste is incinerated, and a large amount of heat is released by incineration, so that the temperature of the reduction device 11 is 1000-1100 ℃, thereby reducing the zinc oxide in the zinc oxide hazardous waste and the fixed carbon of the waste activated carbon hazardous waste to reduce the zinc oxide into zinc gas.
The mixture of gases produced by incineration, reduction, etc. of high-heating value hazardous wastes is collectively called flue gas.
Meanwhile, various kinds of dangerous waste which are unreacted and intermediate products which are not reacted completely exist in the reduction device 11.
S4, the unreacted dangerous waste and the organic solid formed by the unreacted dangerous waste in the reaction enter the grate furnace 12 for continuous incineration, and flue gas and furnace ash are generated.
Specifically, the solid matter after the reaction in the reduction device 11 enters the fire grate 12, and is continuously burned in the fire grate 12.
Wherein the burning reaction temperature in the grate furnace 12 is 850-900 ℃, the retention time of solids is 20-60 min, and the burning rate of slag is less than 5%.
S5, the zinc gas and the flue gas enter a calcining device 13 to be oxidized and calcined to form zinc oxide solid particles.
Specifically, the zinc gas generated by the reduction device 11 enters the calcination device 13 together with the flue gas generated by the grate furnace 12.
The zinc gas is oxidized and calcined in the calcining device 13, so that zinc is oxidized to form zinc oxide solid particles.
Wherein, the conditions of the oxidation calcination are as follows: the temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, and the residence time of the flue gas is more than 2 seconds.
And after the oxidation and calcination reaction, the burning removal rate of the organic matters is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, and after the oxidation and calcination, the oxygen content in the flue gas in the calcination equipment 13 is 6 to 15 percent. S6, cooling and purifying the flue gas, discharging the cooled flue gas to the atmosphere, and recovering the zinc oxide solid particles after sedimentation and cooling.
Specifically, the steps of recovering zinc oxide solid particles after sedimentation and temperature reduction include:
s61, indirect heat exchange is carried out on the zinc oxide solid particles and the flue gas with softened water, so that the temperature of the zinc oxide solid particles is reduced to 500-550 ℃, and the zinc oxide solid particles are settled and recovered in a concentrated way.
Specifically, the heat exchange sedimentation chamber 16 is positioned at the downstream of the calcining equipment 13, and receives the zinc oxide solid particles and the flue gas, and carries out heat exchange and temperature reduction on the zinc oxide solid particles and the flue gas.
And zinc oxide solid particles are separated from the flue gas under the action of gravity and inertia and are settled to the bottom of the heat exchange settling chamber 16, so that the zinc oxide solid particles are intensively recovered.
S62, quenching the residual zinc oxide solid particles and the flue gas to reduce the temperature to below 200 ℃ within 1 second, and settling the residual zinc oxide solid particles for centralized recovery.
Specifically, quench collection tower 17 is located downstream of heat exchange settling chamber 16 to receive and quench the remaining zinc oxide solid particles and flue gas.
After entering the quenching collection tower 17, the flue gas exchanges heat with spray water directly, so that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to below 200 ℃ within 1 second. Meanwhile, residual zinc oxide solid particles in the flue gas are settled to the bottom of the quenching collection tower 17 under the action of gravity and inertia, and are recovered in a concentrated way.
S63, further comprising the following steps: purifying the flue gas, discharging the flue gas to the atmosphere after reaching the standard, and collecting and treating fly ash.
Specifically, the flue gas output by the quenching collection tower 17 is purified by the flue gas purification system 14 until the flue gas meets the emission standard, and then the flue gas is discharged to the atmosphere.
The fly ash purified by the flue gas purification system 14 is collected and processed.
The subsequent steps were carried out with the mixtures of example one, example two and example three, and the zinc oxide collected jointly in step S62 and step S63 was analyzed, the mass percentage content of zinc being > 40%. The zinc oxide with the content can be used as a production raw material. Thus realizing the recycling of the hazardous wastes containing zinc oxide.
In the above steps, the step S4 and the step S5 may be performed simultaneously, that is, the gas and the solid in the first reaction apparatus enter the step S4 and the step S5 to perform the reaction, respectively, and the two reactions may be performed simultaneously.
According to the recycling treatment method of the hazardous waste, the heat energy in the hazardous waste with high heat value and the fixed carbon in the hazardous waste with waste activated carbon are recycled, the hazardous waste containing zinc oxide is recycled, external heat energy and coal tar are not needed, and zinc oxide can be separated from the hazardous waste and collected and recycled. The method reduces the disposal cost, reduces the pollution to the environment, saves energy, increases efficiency, truly realizes the resource utilization of dangerous wastes and carbon emission reduction, and is environment-friendly.
Namely, the recycling treatment method of the hazardous waste in the embodiment can treat three types of hazardous waste at one time and fully recycle the resources of various types of waste.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the invention relates to a recycling treatment device for hazardous wastes, which comprises reduction equipment, a grate furnace, calcination equipment, a flue gas purification system and collection equipment. Firstly, reacting in reduction equipment to obtain solid and gas, recycling heat energy in high-heat-value hazardous waste and fixed carbon in waste activated carbon hazardous waste, and recycling zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste. The solid and gas obtained after the reaction of the reduction equipment enter a grate furnace and a calcination device respectively, so that the separation of the solid and the gas is realized. The solid enters a grate furnace for burning, the gas is continuously burned to obtain zinc oxide solid particles, and the zinc oxide solid particles are recovered.
According to the recycling treatment method of the hazardous waste, disclosed by the invention, the heat energy in the high-heat-value hazardous waste and the fixed carbon in the waste activated carbon hazardous waste are recycled, the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste is recycled, and the zinc oxide can be separated from the hazardous waste and collected and recycled without using external heat energy and coal tar powder. The method reduces the disposal cost, reduces the pollution to the environment, saves energy, increases efficiency, truly realizes the resource utilization of dangerous wastes and carbon emission reduction, and is environment-friendly.
While the invention has been described with reference to several exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the terminology used is intended to be in the nature of words of description and of limitation. As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, but rather should be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modifications that fall within the meets and bounds of the claims, or equivalences of such meets and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. A hazardous waste recycling disposal device, comprising:
the reduction equipment is used for reacting the mixture containing zinc oxide hazardous waste, high-heat-value hazardous waste and waste activated carbon hazardous waste after compatibility;
the grate furnace is arranged at the downstream of the reduction equipment and used for receiving and incinerating the solid waste of the reduction equipment;
the calcining equipment is arranged at the downstream of the reducing equipment and the grate furnace to receive zinc gas of the reducing equipment and flue gas of the grate furnace and perform oxidation calcination;
the flue gas purification system is arranged at the downstream of the calcination equipment and is used for receiving flue gas and purifying the flue gas to reach emission standards;
and the collecting device is arranged at the downstream of the calcining device and is used for collecting the zinc oxide solid particles.
2. The hazardous waste recycling treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the outlet of the fire grate furnace is further connected to the inlet of the reduction device to deliver ash to the reduction device.
3. The hazardous waste recycling treatment device according to claim 1, wherein a heat exchange sedimentation chamber is further arranged between the calcination equipment and the flue gas purification system to reduce the temperature of flue gas output by the calcination equipment and the zinc oxide solid particles;
the heat exchange settling chamber is connected with the collecting device so as to convey the zinc oxide solid particles to the collecting device.
4. The hazardous waste recycling treatment device according to claim 3, wherein a quench collecting tower is further provided between the heat exchange settling chamber and the flue gas cleaning system for rapidly reducing the temperatures of the flue gas and the zinc oxide solid particles;
the quench collection tower is coupled to the collection apparatus to transport the zinc oxide solid particles to the collection apparatus.
5. A method for recycling hazardous waste for disposing of hazardous waste containing zinc oxide, hazardous waste of high calorific value and hazardous waste of waste activated carbon, comprising the steps of:
detecting the content of zinc in the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste, detecting the heat value in the high-heat-value hazardous waste, and detecting the content of fixed carbon in the waste activated carbon hazardous waste;
weighing the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste, the high-heat-value hazardous waste and the waste activated carbon hazardous waste according to the detection result, so that a mixture formed by the compatibility of the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste, the high-heat-value hazardous waste and the waste activated carbon hazardous waste comprises 8-15% of Zn and 24-45% of fixed carbon in percentage by mass, the particle size of the mixture is 10-100 mm, and the heat value of the mixture is 1500-3500 kcal/kg;
the mixture reacts in reduction equipment, wherein the high-heat-value dangerous waste is burnt to generate heat, so that zinc oxide in the zinc oxide-containing dangerous waste and fixed carbon in the waste activated carbon-containing dangerous waste undergo a reduction reaction to generate zinc gas;
the unreacted hazardous waste and the organic solid formed by the unreacted hazardous waste in the reaction enter a grate furnace to be continuously burnt to generate smoke and furnace dust;
the zinc gas and the flue gas enter a calcining device to be oxidized and calcined to form zinc oxide solid particles;
and cooling and purifying the flue gas, discharging the cooled flue gas to the atmosphere, and recovering the zinc oxide solid particles after sedimentation and cooling.
6. The method for recycling hazardous waste disposal according to claim 5, wherein the reaction conditions of the mixture in the reduction apparatus are: the negative pressure is 30-80Pa, the reaction time is 60-120 min, and the high-heat-value hazardous waste is burnt, so that the temperature of the first equipment is 1000-1100 ℃.
7. The method for recycling hazardous waste according to claim 5, wherein the condition of oxidative calcination of the zinc gas is: the temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, and the residence time of the zinc gas is more than 2 seconds.
8. The method for recycling hazardous waste disposal according to claim 5, wherein the reaction temperature of incineration in the third apparatus is 850-900 ℃, the residence time of the solid waste is 20-60 min, and the burning rate of slag is < 5%.
9. The method for recycling hazardous waste according to claim 5, wherein the step of recovering the zinc oxide solid particles after sedimentation and cooling comprises:
the zinc oxide solid particles and the flue gas are subjected to indirect heat exchange with softened water, so that the temperatures of the zinc oxide solid particles and the flue gas are reduced to 500-550 ℃, and the zinc oxide solid particles are settled and recovered in a concentrated way;
and then quenching the residual zinc oxide solid particles and the flue gas to enable the temperature to be reduced to below 200 ℃ within 1 second, and settling the residual zinc oxide solid particles for centralized recovery.
10. The method for recycling hazardous waste disposal according to claim 9, further comprising the steps of:
and (3) purifying the flue gas, discharging the flue gas to the atmosphere after reaching the standard, and collecting and treating fly ash.
11. The method for recycling hazardous waste according to claim 5, wherein the mass percentage of S in the mixture is less than 1%, and the mass percentage of Cl is less than 0.5%.
12. The method for recycling hazardous waste according to claim 5, wherein compatibility experiments are performed before mixing the hazardous waste containing zinc oxide, the hazardous waste of high calorific value and the hazardous waste of waste activated carbon, and it is confirmed that the three components do not react after compatibility.
13. The method for recycling hazardous waste disposal according to claim 5, wherein the zinc oxide-containing hazardous waste includes at least one of HW12 dye, paint waste, HW17 surface treatment waste, and HW23 zinc-containing waste in the national hazardous waste directory (2021 edition);
the high-calorific-value hazardous waste comprises HW06 waste organic solvent and at least one of organic solvent-containing waste, HW08 waste mineral oil waste, HW12 dye and paint waste in the national hazardous waste directory (2021 edition);
the waste activated carbon type hazardous waste comprises at least one of HW02 medical waste, HW04 pesticide waste, HW05 wood preservative waste, HW06 waste organic solvent and organic solvent-containing waste, HW15 explosive waste, HW18 incineration disposal residue, HW29 mercury-containing waste and HW49 other waste in the national hazardous waste directory (2021 edition).
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