CN111618072A - Method for performing harmless treatment on hazardous waste collected dust - Google Patents
Method for performing harmless treatment on hazardous waste collected dust Download PDFInfo
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- CN111618072A CN111618072A CN202010478573.0A CN202010478573A CN111618072A CN 111618072 A CN111618072 A CN 111618072A CN 202010478573 A CN202010478573 A CN 202010478573A CN 111618072 A CN111618072 A CN 111618072A
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 208
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 208
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006115 defluorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 abstract description 125
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 Aluminum nitride Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009615 deamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006481 deamination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OBOXTJCIIVUZEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[O] Chemical class [C].[O] OBOXTJCIIVUZEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
- B28B17/02—Conditioning the material prior to shaping
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for carrying out innocent treatment on hazardous waste collected dust, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method mainly comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out primary crushing and screening on the raw material dust; (2) melting and casting the granular aluminum; (3) crushing and screening the granular aluminum for the second time; (4) and performing dry-method fluorine-removing aluminum ash harmless treatment on the collected fine aluminum ash. The invention has the advantages of large treatment capacity, high defluorination efficiency (generally more than 99 percent), no discharge of wastewater containing fluorine, no problems of secondary pollution, equipment corrosion and the like, and lower capital cost and operating cost. The aluminum ash collected dust is subjected to crushing and screening, metal aluminum is recycled by a rotary furnace, and after the aluminum is removed by heat treatment of a high-temperature rotary furnace and subjected to denitrification and innocent treatment, the aluminum ash is mixed with sand, cement, fly ash, marble crushed aggregates, granite and other raw materials and auxiliaries to be processed into the concrete pavement brick, so that the dust collection ash is effectively utilized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for harmlessly treating hazardous waste in aluminum industry, in particular to a method for harmlessly treating collected dust.
Background
Various byproducts are produced in the aluminum smelting and forming processes. As a main byproduct in the aluminum industry, aluminum ash is generated in all aluminum melting processes, wherein the aluminum content accounts for about 1-12% of the total loss amount in the aluminum production and use process. In the past, people regarded aluminum ash as waste slag to be dumped, which not only causes aluminum resource waste, but also brings environmental problems.
Therefore, an economic and effective method is found for utilizing and treating the aluminum ash, so that the economic benefit of the aluminum industry is improved, the effective cyclic utilization of resources is realized, and meanwhile, the important influence on the sustainable development of economy and society is generated.
Wherein, a plurality of harmful substances exist in the collected dust, and before the collected dust is reasonably utilized, the aluminum dust needs to be subjected to harmless treatment to ensure the harmlessness of the aluminum dust.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for performing harmless treatment on hazardous waste collected dust.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for carrying out innocent treatment on hazardous waste dust is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out primary crushing and screening on the raw material dust;
(2) melting and casting the granular aluminum;
(3) crushing and screening the granular aluminum for the second time;
(4) the collected fine aluminum ash is subjected to dry defluorination denitrification aluminum ash innocent treatment, and the steps comprise the following procedures:
firstly, dust collection ash collected by a dust remover enters a rotary furnace of an aluminum ash harmless system, hot slag is added into the rotary furnace as an initial heat source, heat treatment is carried out in a direct heating mode, and the temperature is controlled at 900-1200 ℃;
secondly, starting the rotary furnace to rotate according to a set rotating speed, gradually adding the collected fine aluminum ash, introducing compressed air at a speed of 3-5m for each hour, and assisting the furnace to fully burn;
thirdly, when the rotary furnace continuously rotates and burns for 3 to 6 hours until the metal aluminum is completely burnt, the rotary furnace stops rotating;
fourthly, the aluminum ash after complete combustion is sent to a cold ash system for cooling;
fifthly, after the aluminum ash is cooled to normal temperature, the aluminum ash is harmless aluminum ash, and the aluminum ash is directly packaged by a ton bag and can be used as a raw material of concrete pavement bricks and refractory materials.
Preferably, the step (1) includes the following steps:
firstly, conveying collected dust to a storage tank, then performing vacuum pumping on the dust, and conveying the dust to a feeding port of a crushing and screening machine;
sieving the collected dust by a crushing and sieving machine to obtain granular aluminum and fine aluminum ash;
thirdly, the screened fine aluminum ash is conveyed into a storage barrel of the rotary furnace for subsequent treatment and use in a vacuum pumping mode;
fourthly, the screened granular aluminum is filled into a ton bag, the ton bag is hoisted to a hopper by a crane, and the hopper is added into a rotary furnace for metal aluminum recovery.
Preferably, the step (2) includes the following steps:
firstly, transporting the granular aluminum generated by screening in the step (1) to a feeding hopper at the top of a rotary furnace by a crane;
secondly, adding hot slag in the rotary furnace as an initial heat source, and performing heat treatment in a direct heating mode, wherein the heating temperature is controlled at 750 ℃ and 850 ℃, and the processing capacity of the rotary furnace is as follows: 2-3 t/h;
step by step, adding granular aluminum slag, and self-igniting and heating the granular aluminum slag in a rotary furnace body to melt metal aluminum into molten aluminum at high temperature;
fourthly, inclining the furnace body to enable the aluminum water to flow to the die, and naturally cooling and shaping to obtain an aluminum ingot;
fifthly, sending the rest aluminum ash to a cold ash system for cooling;
sixthly, conveying the cooled aluminum ash to a storage barrel in a vacuum conveying mode again, and using after secondary crushing and screening.
Preferably, the step (3) includes:
firstly, conveying the aluminum ash cooled in the step (2) to a storage tank, then pumping the aluminum ash in vacuum to a feeding port of a crushing and screening machine,
sieving the collected dust by a crushing and sieving machine to obtain granular aluminum and fine aluminum ash;
thirdly, the screened fine aluminum ash is conveyed into a storage barrel of the rotary furnace for subsequent treatment and use in a vacuum pumping mode;
fourthly, the screened granular aluminum is filled into a ton bag, the ton bag is hoisted to a hopper by a crane, and the hopper is added into a rotary furnace for metal aluminum recovery;
if the granular aluminum still exists in the steps from the first step to the fourth step, the steps can be repeated, and three times of crushing and screening are carried out so as to fully collect the aluminum water and the aluminum ash.
The invention has the advantages of large treatment capacity, high defluorination efficiency (generally more than 99 percent), no discharge of wastewater containing fluorine, no problems of secondary pollution, equipment corrosion and the like, and lower capital cost and operating cost. The aluminum ash collected dust is subjected to crushing and screening, metal aluminum is recycled by a rotary furnace, and after the aluminum is removed by heat treatment of a high-temperature rotary furnace and subjected to denitrification and innocent treatment, the aluminum ash is mixed with sand, cement, fly ash, marble crushed aggregates, granite and other raw materials and auxiliaries to be processed into the concrete pavement brick, so that the dust collection ash is effectively utilized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, technical features, objects and technical effects of the present invention easily understandable, the present invention is further described below with reference to the specific drawings.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a method for harmless treatment of hazardous waste dust is characterized in that: the method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out primary crushing and screening on the raw material dust collection ash, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, conveying collected dust to a storage tank, then performing vacuum pumping on the dust, and conveying the dust to a feeding port of a crushing and screening machine;
sieving the collected dust by a crushing and sieving machine to obtain granular aluminum and fine aluminum ash;
thirdly, the screened fine aluminum ash is conveyed into a storage barrel of the rotary furnace for subsequent treatment and use in a vacuum pumping mode;
fourthly, the screened granular aluminum is filled into a ton bag, the ton bag is hoisted to a hopper by a crane, and the hopper is added into a rotary furnace for metal aluminum recovery;
the working principle of primary crushing and screening is as follows: belt feeding → vertical crushing → air separation and sieving → granular aluminum and fine aluminum ash.
(2) Melting and ingot casting the granular aluminum, wherein the step comprises the following steps:
firstly, transporting the granular aluminum generated by screening in the step (1) to a feeding hopper at the top of a rotary furnace by a crane;
secondly, adding hot slag into the rotary furnace as an initial heat source, and performing heat treatment in a direct heating mode, wherein the heating temperature is controlled at 750 ℃, and the processing capacity of the rotary furnace is as follows: 2.5 t/h;
step by step, adding granular aluminum slag, and self-igniting and heating the granular aluminum slag in a rotary furnace body to melt metal aluminum into molten aluminum at high temperature;
fourthly, inclining the furnace body to enable the aluminum water to flow to the die, and naturally cooling and shaping to obtain an aluminum ingot;
fifthly, sending the rest aluminum ash to a cold ash system for cooling;
sixthly, conveying the cooled aluminum ash to a storage barrel in a vacuum conveying mode again, and using after secondary crushing and screening;
(3) and (3) carrying out secondary crushing and screening on the granular aluminum, wherein the step comprises the following steps:
firstly, conveying the aluminum ash cooled in the step (2) to a storage tank, then pumping the aluminum ash in vacuum to a feeding port of a crushing and screening machine,
sieving the collected dust by a crushing and sieving machine to obtain granular aluminum and fine aluminum ash;
thirdly, the screened fine aluminum ash is conveyed into a storage barrel of the rotary furnace for subsequent treatment and use in a vacuum pumping mode;
fourthly, the screened granular aluminum is filled into a ton bag, the ton bag is hoisted to a hopper by a crane, and the hopper is added into a rotary furnace for metal aluminum recovery;
the working principle of secondary crushing and screening is as follows: belt feeding → vertical crushing → air separation and sieving → granular aluminum and fine aluminum ash.
If the granular aluminum still exists in the steps from the first step to the fourth step, the steps can be repeated, and three times of crushing and screening are carried out so as to fully collect the aluminum water and the aluminum ash.
(4) The collected fine aluminum ash is subjected to dry defluorination denitrification aluminum ash innocent treatment, and the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, dust collection ash collected by a dust remover enters a rotary furnace of an aluminum ash harmless system, hot slag is added into the rotary furnace as an initial heat source, heat treatment is carried out in a direct heating mode, and the temperature is controlled at 900-1200 ℃;
and secondly, starting the rotary furnace to rotate at a certain rotating speed, gradually adding the collected fine aluminum ash, and introducing compressed air at a speed of 3-5m for each hour to assist the full combustion in the furnace.
Thirdly, when the rotary furnace continuously rotates and burns for 3 hours until the metal aluminum is completely burnt, the rotary furnace stops rotating;
fourthly, the aluminum ash after complete combustion is sent to a cold ash system for cooling;
fifthly, after the aluminum ash is cooled to normal temperature, the aluminum ash is harmless aluminum ash, and the aluminum ash is directly packaged by a ton bag and can be used as a raw material of concrete pavement bricks and refractory materials.
The working principle of the cold ash system in the step is as follows: feeding → cooling water indirect cooling → cold ash discharging.
The principle of the present invention for detoxification is explained as follows:
removing aluminum
Under the high-temperature condition of the rotary furnace, the metallic aluminum is self-ignited to generate aluminum oxide.
② denitrification
Controlling the temperature of the rotary furnace (at 1000 ℃) to perform oxygen-deficient combustion, so that aluminum nitride (AlN) in the aluminum ash is subjected to oxidation reaction under the high-temperature condition, and the aluminum oxide with the purity of more than 70% is obtained.
Under the conditions of set process and temperature, more than 90 percent of nitrogen elements in aluminum nitride in aluminum ash are converted into nitrogen gas, and the rest nitrogen elements are converted into NOx. The main chemical reactions involved in the deamination process are:
AlN+O2→Al2O3+N2+NOX
4AlN+3O2→2Al2O3+2N2
the harmless fine powder can be used as raw materials of concrete pavement bricks and refractory materials after being packaged.
In this embodiment, the system for harmless treatment of aluminum ash comprises 2 5t rotary furnaces (one for one use and one for standby) and 1 aluminum ash cooling device (cold ash drum).
In this example, each production line is provided with 2 rotary kilns (one for one) and 5t for further harmless treatment of collected dust and crushed/screened aluminum ash in the waste gas treatment system of the production line.
The rotary furnace (5 t) takes the heat released by the spontaneous combustion of the aluminum ash as energy to carry out combustion reaction, the combustion temperature can reach about 1200 ℃, and the collected dust and the metal aluminum in the aluminum ash are converted into Al after combustion2O3Aluminum nitride (AlN) is converted to Al after combustion2O3And nitrogen oxide, wherein the activated carbon in the dust collection ash is converted into carbon-oxygen compounds after being combusted, dioxin sprayed by the activated carbon is decomposed at high temperature and enters waste gas, and part of the fluoride and the chloride enters the waste gas after being combusted.
Therefore, the main component of the waste ash (fine ash) finally remaining after the high-temperature combustion treatment in the rotary kiln (5 t) is Al2O3. The fine ash after the combustion treatment of the rotary kiln (5 t) is sent into a cold ash cylinder for cooling. And directly loading the cooled fine ash into a ton bag, sealing and collecting the fine ash, temporarily storing the fine ash in a factory, identifying the hazardous waste property, and reasonably disposing according to the identification result.
The complete equipment of the rotary furnace, the aluminum ash cooling system, the crushing/screening system and the harmless treatment system in the embodiment is of a closed design, dust unorganized emission can be effectively prevented, the gas collecting hood and the air draft device are arranged at the feeding end and the discharging end, and waste gas is merged into the waste gas treatment system of the smelting production line for treatment.
The invention has the following characteristics:
the invention has the advantages of large treatment capacity, high defluorination efficiency (generally more than 99 percent), no discharge of wastewater containing fluorine, no problems of secondary pollution, equipment corrosion and the like, and lower capital cost and operating cost. The aluminum ash collected dust is subjected to crushing and screening, metal aluminum is recycled by a rotary furnace, and after the aluminum is removed by heat treatment of a high-temperature rotary furnace and subjected to denitrification and innocent treatment, the aluminum ash is mixed with sand, cement, fly ash, marble crushed aggregates, granite and other raw materials and auxiliaries to be processed into the concrete pavement brick, so that the dust collection ash is effectively utilized.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, a method for harmless treatment of hazardous waste dust is characterized in that: the method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out primary crushing and screening on the raw material dust collection ash, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, conveying collected dust to a storage tank, then performing vacuum pumping on the dust, and conveying the dust to a feeding port of a crushing and screening machine;
sieving the collected dust by a crushing and sieving machine to obtain granular aluminum and fine aluminum ash;
thirdly, the screened fine aluminum ash is conveyed into a storage barrel of the rotary furnace for subsequent treatment and use in a vacuum pumping mode;
fourthly, the screened granular aluminum is filled into a ton bag, the ton bag is hoisted to a hopper by a crane, and the hopper is added into a rotary furnace for metal aluminum recovery;
the working principle of primary crushing and screening is as follows: belt feeding → vertical crushing → air separation and sieving → granular aluminum and fine aluminum ash.
(2) Melting and ingot casting the granular aluminum, wherein the step comprises the following steps:
firstly, transporting the granular aluminum generated by screening in the step (1) to a feeding hopper at the top of a rotary furnace by a crane;
secondly, adding hot slag into the rotary furnace as an initial heat source, and performing heat treatment in a direct heating mode, wherein the heating temperature is controlled at 800 ℃, and the processing capacity of the rotary furnace is as follows: 2 t/h;
step by step, adding granular aluminum slag, and self-igniting and heating the granular aluminum slag in a rotary furnace body to melt metal aluminum into molten aluminum at high temperature;
fourthly, inclining the furnace body to enable the aluminum water to flow to the die, and naturally cooling and shaping to obtain an aluminum ingot;
fifthly, sending the rest aluminum ash to a cold ash system for cooling;
sixthly, conveying the cooled aluminum ash to a storage barrel in a vacuum conveying mode again, and using after secondary crushing and screening;
(3) and (3) carrying out secondary crushing and screening on the granular aluminum, wherein the step comprises the following steps:
firstly, conveying the aluminum ash cooled in the step (2) to a storage tank, then pumping the aluminum ash in vacuum to a feeding port of a crushing and screening machine,
sieving the collected dust by a crushing and sieving machine to obtain granular aluminum and fine aluminum ash;
thirdly, the screened fine aluminum ash is conveyed into a storage barrel of the rotary furnace for subsequent treatment and use in a vacuum pumping mode;
fourthly, the screened granular aluminum is filled into a ton bag, the ton bag is hoisted to a hopper by a crane, and the hopper is added into a rotary furnace for metal aluminum recovery;
the working principle of secondary crushing and screening is as follows: belt feeding → vertical crushing → air separation and sieving → granular aluminum and fine aluminum ash.
If the granular aluminum still exists in the steps from the first step to the fourth step, the steps can be repeated, and three times of crushing and screening are carried out so as to fully collect the aluminum water and the aluminum ash.
(4) The collected fine aluminum ash is subjected to dry defluorination denitrification aluminum ash innocent treatment, and the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, dust collection ash collected by a dust remover enters a rotary furnace of an aluminum ash harmless system, hot slag is added into the rotary furnace as an initial heat source, heat treatment is carried out in a direct heating mode, and the temperature is controlled at 900-1200 ℃;
and secondly, starting the rotary furnace to rotate at a certain rotating speed, gradually adding the collected fine aluminum ash, and introducing compressed air at a speed of 3-5m for each hour to assist the full combustion in the furnace.
Thirdly, when the rotary furnace continuously rotates and burns for 3 hours until the metal aluminum is completely burnt, the rotary furnace stops rotating;
fourthly, the aluminum ash after complete combustion is sent to a cold ash system for cooling;
fifthly, after the aluminum ash is cooled to normal temperature, the aluminum ash is harmless aluminum ash, and the aluminum ash is directly packaged by a ton bag and can be used as a raw material of concrete pavement bricks and refractory materials.
The working principle of the cold ash system in the step is as follows: feeding → cooling water indirect cooling → cold ash discharging.
The principle of the present invention for detoxification is explained as follows:
removing aluminum
Under the high-temperature condition of the rotary furnace, the metallic aluminum is self-ignited to generate aluminum oxide.
② denitrification
Controlling the temperature of the rotary furnace (at 1000 ℃) to perform oxygen-deficient combustion, so that aluminum nitride (AlN) in the aluminum ash is subjected to oxidation reaction under the high-temperature condition, and the aluminum oxide with the purity of more than 70% is obtained.
Under the conditions of set process and temperature, more than 90 percent of nitrogen elements in aluminum nitride in aluminum ash are converted into nitrogen gas, and the rest nitrogen elements are converted into NOx. The main chemical reactions involved in the deamination process are:
AlN+O2→Al2O3+N2+NOX
4AlN+3O2→2Al2O3+2N2
the harmless fine powder can be used as raw materials of concrete pavement bricks and refractory materials after being packaged.
In this embodiment, the system for harmless treatment of aluminum ash comprises 2 5t rotary furnaces (one for one use and one for standby) and 1 aluminum ash cooling device (cold ash drum).
In this example, each production line is provided with 2 rotary kilns (one for one) and 5t for further harmless treatment of collected dust and crushed/screened aluminum ash in the waste gas treatment system of the production line.
The rotary furnace (5 t) takes the heat released by the spontaneous combustion of the aluminum ash as energy to carry out combustion reaction, the combustion temperature can reach about 1200 ℃, and the collected dust and the metal aluminum in the aluminum ash are converted into Al after combustion2O3Aluminum nitride (AlN) is converted to Al after combustion2O3And nitrogen oxides, combustion of activated carbon in dustThe dioxin sprayed by the activated carbon is decomposed at high temperature and enters the waste gas, and the fluoride and the chloride are partially combusted and enter the waste gas, so that the harmless treatment of the aluminum ash and the dust collection ash is realized in the process.
Therefore, the main component of the waste ash (fine ash) finally remaining after the high-temperature combustion treatment in the rotary kiln (5 t) is Al2O3. The fine ash after the combustion treatment of the rotary kiln (5 t) is sent into a cold ash cylinder for cooling. And directly loading the cooled fine ash into a ton bag, sealing and collecting the fine ash, temporarily storing the fine ash in a factory, identifying the hazardous waste property, and reasonably disposing according to the identification result.
The complete equipment of the rotary furnace, the aluminum ash cooling system, the crushing/screening system and the harmless treatment system in the embodiment is of a closed design, dust unorganized emission can be effectively prevented, the gas collecting hood and the air draft device are arranged at the feeding end and the discharging end, and waste gas is merged into the waste gas treatment system of the smelting production line for treatment.
The invention has the following characteristics:
the invention has the advantages of large treatment capacity, high defluorination efficiency (generally more than 99 percent), no discharge of wastewater containing fluorine, no problems of secondary pollution, equipment corrosion and the like, and lower capital cost and operating cost. The aluminum ash collected dust is subjected to crushing and screening, metal aluminum is recycled by a rotary furnace, and after the aluminum is removed by heat treatment of a high-temperature rotary furnace and subjected to denitrification and innocent treatment, the aluminum ash is mixed with sand, cement, fly ash, marble crushed aggregates, granite and other raw materials and auxiliaries to be processed into the concrete pavement brick, so that the dust collection ash is effectively utilized.
In summary, the embodiments of the present invention are merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the content of the claims of the present invention should fall within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for carrying out innocent treatment on hazardous waste dust is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out primary crushing and screening on the raw material dust;
(2) melting and casting the granular aluminum;
(3) crushing and screening the granular aluminum for the second time;
(4) the collected fine aluminum ash is subjected to dry defluorination denitrification aluminum ash innocent treatment, and the steps comprise the following procedures:
firstly, dust collection ash collected by a dust remover enters a rotary furnace of an aluminum ash harmless system, hot slag is added into the rotary furnace as an initial heat source, heat treatment is carried out in a direct heating mode, and the temperature is controlled at 900-1200 ℃;
secondly, starting the rotary furnace to rotate according to a set rotating speed, gradually adding the collected fine aluminum ash, introducing compressed air at a speed of 3-5m for each hour, and assisting the furnace to fully burn;
thirdly, when the rotary furnace continuously rotates and burns for 3 to 6 hours until the metal aluminum is completely burnt, the rotary furnace stops rotating;
fourthly, the aluminum ash after complete combustion is sent to a cold ash system for cooling;
fifthly, after the aluminum ash is cooled to normal temperature, the aluminum ash is harmless aluminum ash, and the aluminum ash is directly packaged by a ton bag and can be used as a raw material of concrete pavement bricks and refractory materials.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the step (1) comprises the following steps:
firstly, conveying collected dust to a storage tank, then performing vacuum pumping on the dust, and conveying the dust to a feeding port of a crushing and screening machine;
sieving the collected dust by a crushing and sieving machine to obtain granular aluminum and fine aluminum ash;
thirdly, the screened fine aluminum ash is conveyed into a storage barrel of the rotary furnace for subsequent treatment and use in a vacuum pumping mode;
fourthly, the screened granular aluminum is filled into a ton bag, the ton bag is hoisted to a hopper by a crane, and the hopper is added into a rotary furnace for metal aluminum recovery.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the step (2) comprises the following steps:
firstly, transporting the granular aluminum generated by screening in the step (1) to a feeding hopper at the top of a rotary furnace by a crane;
secondly, adding hot slag in the rotary furnace as an initial heat source, and performing heat treatment in a direct heating mode, wherein the heating temperature is controlled at 750 ℃ and 850 ℃, and the processing capacity of the rotary furnace is as follows: 2-3 t/h;
step by step, adding granular aluminum slag, and self-igniting and heating the granular aluminum slag in a rotary furnace body to melt metal aluminum into molten aluminum at high temperature;
fourthly, inclining the furnace body to enable the aluminum water to flow to the die, and naturally cooling and shaping to obtain an aluminum ingot;
fifthly, sending the rest aluminum ash to a cold ash system for cooling;
sixthly, conveying the cooled aluminum ash to a storage barrel in a vacuum conveying mode again, and using after secondary crushing and screening.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: the step (3) comprises the following steps:
firstly, conveying the aluminum ash cooled in the step (2) to a storage tank, then pumping the aluminum ash in vacuum to a feeding port of a crushing and screening machine,
sieving the collected dust by a crushing and sieving machine to obtain granular aluminum and fine aluminum ash;
thirdly, the screened fine aluminum ash is conveyed into a storage barrel of the rotary furnace for subsequent treatment and use in a vacuum pumping mode;
fourthly, the screened granular aluminum is filled into a ton bag, the ton bag is hoisted to a hopper by a crane, and the hopper is added into a rotary furnace for metal aluminum recovery;
if the granular aluminum still exists in the steps from the first step to the fourth step, the steps can be repeated, and three times of crushing and screening are carried out so as to fully collect the aluminum water and the aluminum ash.
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