CN117514287A

CN117514287A - Deep roadway expansion supporting device and method based on surrounding rock structural characteristics

Info

Publication number: CN117514287A
Application number: CN202311564139.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杜坤; 毕瑞阳; 周健; 习文琴; 陈妍廷; 梁燕
Original assignee: Central South University
Current assignee: Central South University
Priority date: 2023-11-22
Filing date: 2023-11-22
Publication date: 2024-02-06

Abstract

The invention provides a deep roadway expansion support device and method based on surrounding rock structural characteristics, wherein the device comprises: the head end of the rod body is provided with a conical head in a round table shape, the central area of the conical head is provided with a displacement sensor, and the conical body is provided with a stress sensor; the expansion supporting mechanism is of a cylindrical structure, and the inner diameter of the expansion supporting mechanism is matched with the outer diameter of the polish rod section; the expansion supporting mechanism is sleeved on the outer side of the polish rod section, the front end of the expansion supporting mechanism is in limit fit with the conical head, and the rear end of the expansion supporting mechanism is in limit fit with the tray; the method comprises the following steps: driving into a borehole; peeping the surrounding rock condition in the drill, and judging the structural characteristics of the surrounding rock; the rock mass structure is loose and supported by adopting a multi-point anchoring supporting mode, the rock mass structure is complete, and the supporting mode of end head anchoring is adopted for supporting; and monitoring the stress value and the displacement variation of the anchor rod, and judging the supporting effect of the anchor rod in each drilled hole. The device and the method can solve the problem of tunnel instability caused by failure of the anchor bolt support, and have wide application prospect.

Description

Deep roadway expansion supporting device and method based on surrounding rock structural characteristics

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of deep roadway anchor rod support, and particularly relates to a deep roadway expansion support device and method based on surrounding rock structural characteristics.

Background

Roadway surrounding rock control is an important measure for guaranteeing safety and stability of underground space, and is particularly important for deep rock mass. The anchor bolt support is a support mode commonly used in underground engineering, and has the advantages of good active support, high support strength, convenient construction and the like. At present, most deep tunnels in China use an anchor bolt supporting mode, and in a large number of practical application processes, the theory and technology of anchor bolt supporting tend to be mature. However, during the support of deep rock mass, the problem of regional support failure still occurs. For example, failure phenomena such as anchor rod release, anchor rod stretch-out, tunnel roof sinking, tunnel side part bulging and the like are caused. The main factors causing the problems are in several aspects, on one hand, the specific structure inside the rock body is not clearly mastered before the roadway is supported, and the whole roadway is supported in the same supporting mode, so that the situation of excessive support or insufficient support is caused; meanwhile, the supporting stress and deformation condition of the anchor rod cannot be mastered timely and effectively during the use of the roadway. On the other hand, aiming at deep roadways, the traditional anchoring mode of the anchoring agent has poor effect, and the anchoring agent of surrounding rock often has the condition of anchor release; meanwhile, a single end anchoring mode is adopted for breaking the rock body, so that an integral pre-tightening effect cannot be formed.

Because the rock mass can form regional crushing phenomenon under the disturbance of adjacent engineering, therefore, the internal structure of the rock mass needs to be analyzed in advance before supporting, so that different supporting modes can be provided for different rock mass areas in a targeted manner, and simultaneously, the supporting effect of the anchor rod needs to be monitored in real time during supporting.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a deep roadway expansion supporting device and a method based on the structural characteristics of surrounding rocks, the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation process and good supporting effect, and simultaneously, the device has the function of monitoring the supporting state in real time, thereby being beneficial to realizing the stable control of the surrounding rocks of the roadway; the method has the advantages of good supporting effect, wide applicability, environmental protection and no pollution, can monitor in real time, can solve the problem of tunnel instability caused by anchor bolt supporting failure, and has wide application prospect.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a deep roadway expansion support device based on surrounding rock structural characteristics, which comprises an anchoring mechanism and an expansion support mechanism; the anchoring mechanism comprises a rod body, a tray, a gasket and a nut; the tail end of the rod body is provided with an external thread section, the gasket and the tray are sleeved on the outer side of the external thread section in a sliding manner, and the gasket is closer to the tail end of the rod body than the tray; the nut is connected to the outer side of the external thread section through thread fit, and is closer to the tail end of the rod body than the gasket;

The anchoring mechanism further comprises a displacement sensor, a stress sensor and a wire harness; the head end of the rod body is provided with a conical head, and the axis of the rod body is provided with a main line groove which is axially communicated; the part of the rod body between the external thread section and the conical head is a polished rod section; the conical head is in a truncated cone shape, the large-diameter end of the conical head is positioned at one side of the tail end of the rod body, the outer diameter of the small-diameter section of the conical head is consistent with the outer diameter of the rod body, a first sensor groove is formed in the central area of the large-diameter end of the conical head, a second sensor groove is formed in the surface of the conical body part of the conical head, a branch line groove is formed in the conical body part of the conical head, and two ends of the branch line groove are respectively communicated with the second sensor groove and the main line groove; the displacement sensor is embedded in the first sensor groove; the stress sensor is embedded in the second sensor groove; the wire harness is arranged in the main wire groove, the tail end of the wire harness is exposed out of the tail end of the rod body, one group of branch wire harnesses at the head end of the wire harness penetrates through the head end of the main wire groove and is connected with the displacement sensor, and the other group of branch wire harnesses at the head end of the wire harness penetrates through the branch wire groove and is connected with the stress sensor;

the expansion supporting mechanism is of a cylindrical structure, and the inner diameter of the expansion supporting mechanism is matched with the outer diameter of the polish rod section; the front end of the expansion supporting mechanism is in limit fit with the conical head, and the rear end of the expansion supporting mechanism is in limit fit with the tray and has radial expansion capability when being compressed; the length of the expansion supporting mechanism is matched with the length of the polish rod section on the rod body, and the expansion supporting mechanism is sleeved on the outer side of the polish rod section.

Furthermore, in order to enable the full-length anchoring section to be in close contact with surrounding rocks around the drilling hole, and further achieve sufficient lifting of the supporting effect of the full-length anchoring section, the expansion supporting mechanism is composed of a plurality of multipoint expansion sleeves which are connected in sequence;

the inner diameter of the multipoint expansion sleeve is matched with the outer diameter of the polish rod section, the multipoint expansion sleeve consists of an expansion shell, a groove retainer ring and a bump retainer ring, the expansion shell is of a cylindrical structure, two strip-shaped grooves are oppositely formed in the middle of the shell, and a plurality of semi-cone-shaped bumps which are uniformly distributed are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the shell in the area outside the strip-shaped grooves; the tail end of the groove retainer ring is fixedly connected with the head end of the multi-point expansion sleeve coaxially, and four clamping grooves which are distributed in a cross shape are uniformly formed in the head end of the groove retainer ring in an annular manner; the head end of the bump retainer ring is fixedly connected with the tail end of the multipoint expansion sleeve in a coaxial way, and four clamping bumps which are distributed in a cross shape are uniformly arranged at the tail end of the bump retainer ring in the circumferential direction; the multiple multi-point expansion sleeves are sequentially and coaxially arranged, and two adjacent multi-point expansion sleeves are connected together through the snap fit between the snap convex blocks and the snap concave grooves; the multiple interconnected multipoint expansion sleeves are sleeved outside the polish rod section on the anchoring mechanism and form the multipoint expansion anchor rod together with the anchoring mechanism. By arranging the two strip-shaped grooves, the expansion amplitude of the expansion shell can be conveniently increased in the compression process, and the expansion shell is favorable for being more fully and tightly contacted with surrounding rock. Through being provided with a plurality of half cone shaped protruding blocks on the shell body of inflation shell, can make a plurality of half cone shaped protruding blocks can imbed in the certain degree of depth of country rock at inflation shell and country rock in-process, and then can show the improvement to the country rock anchor effect. The groove check rings and the bump check rings are respectively connected to the two ends of the expansion shell, cascading can be conveniently realized between the multiple multi-point expansion sleeves in a buckling mode, and then the multiple multi-point expansion sleeves can form an integral structure after being connected, so that the anchoring effect can be further improved while the assembly is convenient.

Furthermore, in order to effectively increase the shearing resistance of the full-length anchoring section, and simultaneously, in order to enable the head end of the anchor rod to be in close contact with surrounding rocks around a drill hole, and further, the shearing resistance and the supporting effect can be greatly improved at the same time, the expansion supporting mechanism is an end expansion sleeve;

the inner diameter of the end expansion sleeve is matched with the outer diameter of the polish rod section, and the end expansion sleeve consists of an expansion deformation body, a straight tube and a tray retainer ring; the expansion deformation body consists of a front baffle ring, a rear baffle ring, an elastic deformation strip and a limiting straight cylinder; the front baffle ring and the rear baffle ring are oppositely arranged front and back; the elastic deformation strips are uniformly distributed in a cylindrical shape, the front ends of the elastic deformation strips are uniformly and fixedly connected to the rear end face of the front baffle ring in the circumferential direction, and the rear ends of the elastic deformation strips are uniformly and fixedly connected to the front end face of the rear baffle ring in the circumferential direction; the limiting straight cylinder is coaxially and fixedly connected to the front end face of the front baffle ring; the front end of the straight tube is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rear end face of the rear baffle ring; the tray retainer ring is coaxially and fixedly connected to the tail end of the straight bobbin; the end expansion sleeve is sleeved outside the upper polish rod section of the anchoring mechanism and forms an end expansion anchor rod together with the anchoring mechanism. The elastic deformation strips are uniformly distributed in a cylindrical shape, and the front baffle ring and the rear baffle ring are respectively connected to the two ends of the elastic deformation strips, so that the expansion deformation bodies can be radially expanded in a mode of compressing the front baffle ring and the rear baffle ring, and further the elastic deformation bodies can be fully contacted with surrounding rocks; the front side of the front baffle ring is connected with the limit straight cylinder, so that the shearing resistance of the front end of the anchor rod can be improved, the pretightening force of the conical head can be transmitted to the front baffle ring more stably, and the expansion deformation body can be expanded stably; through the setting of spacing straight section of thick bamboo, can show the increase polished rod section's shear strength on the one hand, and then can show the support intensity that improves the country rock, on the other hand, can pass through the interact of its tip tray retaining ring and tray and transmit pretightning force to the expansion deformation body, and then can ensure that a plurality of elastic deformation strips can radially outwards expand to can make the expansion deformation body closely contact with the country rock near the hole bottom, with effectively anchor the country rock near the drilling bottom.

Further, in order to realize effective detection of full circumferential stress and ensure accuracy and precision of stress detection, the second sensor groove is annular.

In the invention, the conical head with larger outer diameter is fixedly connected at the head end of the rod body, so that a limit part can be conveniently formed at the head end of the rod body; the first sensor groove is formed in the center of the head end of the conical head, and the displacement sensor is assembled in the first sensor groove, so that monitoring of the displacement change condition of the rod body can be conveniently and rapidly realized in a mode of collecting distance signals between the bottom of the hole during supporting. The second sensor groove is formed in the conical body part of the conical head, and the stress sensor is assembled in the second sensor groove, so that the change condition of surrounding rock stress around the drilling hole can be sensed in real time during supporting. Therefore, the displacement sensor and the stress sensor assembled on the same anchor rod are matched with each other, so that the displacement variation and the stress variation in the anchor rod supporting process can be synchronously monitored, the supporting effect of each anchor rod can be scientifically and reasonably judged, and therefore effective supplementary supporting measures can be timely acquired under the condition that the anchor rod supporting fails, and the stability and the reliability of surrounding rock supporting are obviously ensured. The expansion supporting mechanism is sleeved outside the polish rod section of the rod body, the front end of the expansion supporting mechanism is in limit fit with the conical head, and the rear end of the expansion supporting mechanism is in limit fit with the tray, so that the expansion supporting mechanism can be compressed in a mode of applying pretightening force to the rod body by rotating the nut. The device simple structure, operation process are convenient, the support is effectual, and simultaneously, it has the function to support state real-time supervision, is favorable to realizing the stable control of tunnel country rock.

The invention also provides a deep roadway expansion supporting method based on surrounding rock structural characteristics, which comprises a peeping instrument, a multi-point expansion anchor rod and an end expansion anchor rod;

the multi-point expansion anchor rod consists of an anchoring mechanism and a plurality of multi-point expansion sleeves which are sleeved on the anchoring mechanism and are mutually connected; the end expansion anchor rod consists of an anchoring mechanism and an end expansion sleeve sleeved on the anchoring mechanism;

the anchoring mechanism comprises a rod body, a tray, a gasket, a nut, a displacement sensor, a stress sensor and a wire harness; the tail end of the rod body is provided with an external thread section, the gasket and the tray are sleeved on the outer side of the external thread section in a sliding manner, and the gasket is closer to the tail end of the rod body than the tray; the nut is connected to the outer side of the external thread section through thread fit and is closer to the tail end of the rod body than the tray; the head end of the rod body is provided with a conical head, and the axis of the rod body is provided with a main line groove which is axially communicated; the part of the rod body between the external thread section and the conical head is a polished rod section; the conical head is in a truncated cone shape, the large-diameter end of the conical head is positioned on one side of the tail end of the rod body, a first sensor groove is formed in the central area of the large-diameter end of the conical head, a second sensor groove is formed in the surface of the conical body part of the conical head, a branch line groove is formed in the conical body part of the conical head, and two ends of the branch line groove are respectively communicated with the second sensor groove and the main line groove; the displacement sensor is embedded in the first sensor groove; the stress sensor is embedded in the second sensor groove; the wire harness is arranged in the main wire groove, the tail end of the wire harness is exposed out of the tail end of the rod body, one group of branch wire harnesses at the head end of the wire harness penetrates through the head end of the main wire groove and is connected with the displacement sensor, and the other group of branch wire harnesses at the head end of the wire harness penetrates through the branch wire groove and is connected with the stress sensor;

The inner diameter of the multipoint expansion sleeve is matched with the outer diameter of the polish rod section, the multipoint expansion sleeve consists of an expansion shell, a groove retainer ring and a bump retainer ring, the expansion shell is of a cylindrical structure, two strip-shaped grooves are oppositely formed in the middle of the shell, and a plurality of semi-cone-shaped bumps which are uniformly distributed are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the shell in the area outside the strip-shaped grooves; the tail end of the groove retainer ring is fixedly connected with the head end of the multi-point expansion sleeve coaxially, and four clamping grooves which are distributed in a cross shape are uniformly formed in the head end of the groove retainer ring in an annular manner; the head end of the bump retainer ring is fixedly connected with the tail end of the multipoint expansion sleeve in a coaxial way, and four clamping bumps which are distributed in a cross shape are uniformly arranged at the tail end of the bump retainer ring in the circumferential direction; the multiple multi-point expansion sleeves are sequentially and coaxially arranged, and two adjacent multi-point expansion sleeves are connected together through the snap fit between the snap convex blocks and the snap concave grooves and form a multi-point expansion anchor rod together with the anchoring mechanism;

the inner diameter of the end expansion sleeve is matched with the outer diameter of the polish rod section, and the end expansion sleeve consists of an expansion deformation body, a straight tube and a tray retainer ring; the expansion deformation body consists of a front baffle ring, a rear baffle ring, an elastic deformation strip and a limiting straight cylinder; the front baffle ring and the rear baffle ring are oppositely arranged front and back; the elastic deformation strips are uniformly distributed in a cylindrical shape, the front ends of the elastic deformation strips are uniformly and fixedly connected to the rear end face of the front baffle ring in the circumferential direction, and the rear ends of the elastic deformation strips are uniformly and fixedly connected to the front end face of the rear baffle ring in the circumferential direction; the limiting straight cylinder is coaxially and fixedly connected to the front end face of the front baffle ring; the front end of the straight tube is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rear end face of the rear baffle ring; the tray retainer ring is coaxially and fixedly connected to the tail end of the straight bobbin; the end expansion sleeve is sleeved outside the upper polish rod section of the anchoring mechanism and forms an end expansion anchor rod together with the anchoring mechanism;

The peeping instrument consists of a triangular support, an automatic telescopic rod, an automatic lifting rod, a rubber sleeve, a camera, a hemispherical glass cover, a control wire harness and a control console; the automatic telescopic rod is arranged above the triangular support; the front and rear of the two automatic lifting rods are arranged between the automatic telescopic rod and the triangular support at intervals, the lower ends of the two automatic lifting rods are fixedly arranged at the upper end of the triangular support, the upper ends of the two automatic lifting rods are correspondingly hinged with two fixing rings, and the two fixing rings are respectively sleeved at the middle part of the fixing section of the automatic telescopic rod and the outer side of the tail part of the fixing section of the automatic telescopic rod; the rubber sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the telescopic section of the automatic telescopic rod; the camera is arranged at the front end of the telescopic section of the automatic telescopic rod; the hemispherical glass cover is fixedly covered outside the camera; the control console is respectively connected with the camera, the automatic telescopic rod and the automatic lifting rod through control wiring harnesses;

comprises the following steps of;

step one: firstly, selecting the surface of a deep roadway to drive into a drill hole at a set angle, and fixing a peeping instrument at a corresponding position of the roadway;

then, the telescopic action of the two automatic lifting rods is controlled by the control console so as to adjust the automatic lifting rods to the same angle with the drilling holes;

The telescopic section of the automatic telescopic rod is controlled to extend into the drill hole by the control console until the camera reaches a position close to the bottom of the drill hole, in the process, the camera is protected by the hemispherical glass cover, the camera is ensured to stably move in the drill hole by the flexible tight contact of the rubber sleeve and surrounding rock around the drill hole, the further reaming effect is achieved on the drill hole, the camera is used for collecting image data of the development condition of surrounding rock cracks of the drill hole in real time and sending the image data to the control console in real time, and the surrounding rock condition inside the whole drill hole is displayed and recorded in real time by the display screen on the control console;

then, the control console is used for controlling the automatic telescopic rod to retract to an initial state, and the camera is driven to withdraw from the drilling hole;

repeating the above operation to finish the drilling peeping operation of a plurality of areas, and moving the peeping instrument to the corresponding position when drilling peeping is carried out at different positions;

step two: image recognition is carried out on the surrounding rock structure according to the drilling image data recorded in the peeping process, the area occupation ratio of surrounding rock cracks is calculated, and the surrounding rock structure characteristics are further judged according to the situation of the crack occupation ratio;

step three: if the surrounding rock crack area ratio is more than or equal to 35%, judging that the rock mass structure is loose, and executing S1; if the surrounding rock crack area ratio is less than 35%, judging that the rock mass structure is complete, and executing S2;

S1: supporting in a multi-point anchoring supporting mode;

s11: drilling holes in loose rock bodies at shallow parts of surrounding rocks of the roadway vertically and inwards, and enabling the drilling holes to extend into the whole rock bodies;

s12: sleeving a plurality of multi-point expansion sleeves outside a polished rod section on a rod body, simultaneously rotating the multi-point expansion sleeves to enable bump check rings and groove check rings on adjacent multi-point expansion sleeves to be connected in a buckling manner, adjusting the direction of a strip-shaped groove according to the development direction of a loose rock mass crack, and ensuring that the direction of the strip-shaped groove is perpendicular to the development direction of the crack;

s13: the rod body and the multiple multipoint expansion sleeves are put into the drilling hole together, the conical head is enabled to be abutted against the hole bottom of the drilling hole, and the external thread section is enabled to be exposed out of the hole opening of the drilling hole for a certain length;

s14: sequentially installing a tray, a gasket and a nut on the exposed external thread section, and then rotating the nut by using a lock to enable the tray to be closely attached to the surface of a roadway and generate a certain pretightening force;

s15: continuously rotating the nut to enable the rod body to generate outward tension, driving the head end of the multi-point expansion sleeve to move outwards by utilizing the conical head, limiting the tail end of the multi-point expansion sleeve by utilizing the tray so as to generate compression force at the two ends of the multi-point expansion sleeve, enabling the multi-point expansion sleeve to generate radial expansion deformation along the vertical direction of the strip-shaped groove, and continuously expanding and deforming the multi-point expansion sleeve until surrounding rocks around the drill holes are embedded to a certain depth along with the continuous increase of the pretightening force; the anchoring force is improved by utilizing larger friction force generated in the process of contacting the semi-cone-shaped convex blocks on the multi-point expansion sleeve with the loose rock mass;

S16: stopping applying a pretightening force to the nut to finish the multipoint anchoring and supporting operation of a drilled hole;

s17: s11 to S16 are repeatedly executed in a loose rock mass area of the roadway at a certain interval, so that multipoint anchoring and supporting operation of the area is completed, the interval between cracks in the loose rock mass is reduced, and the integrity of the loose rock mass is fully improved;

s2: supporting by adopting a supporting mode of end head anchoring;

s21: drilling holes in the complete rock body of the shallow part of the surrounding rock of the roadway vertically and inwards;

s22: sleeving the end expansion sleeve outside the polish rod section on the rod body;

s23: the rod body and the end expansion sleeve are put into the drilling hole together, the conical head is abutted against the bottom of the drilling hole, and the external thread section is exposed out of the drilling hole for a certain length;

s24: sequentially installing a tray, a gasket and a nut on the exposed external thread section, and then rotating the nut by using a lock to enable the tray to be closely attached to the surface of a roadway and generate a certain pretightening force;

s25: continuing to rotate the nut to enable the rod body to generate outward tension, driving the head end of the limiting straight cylinder to move outwards by utilizing the conical head, and simultaneously, tightly and tightly acting on the tray retainer ring by utilizing the tray to limit the straight cylinder so as to generate compression force at two ends of the end expansion sleeve, enabling a plurality of elastic deformation strips on the end expansion sleeve to generate radial expansion deformation, and continuously expanding the end expansion sleeve until surrounding rocks embedded around a drilling hole are at a certain depth along with the reduction of axial displacement of the expansion deformation body;

S26: stopping applying a pretightening force to the nut to finish the end anchoring and supporting operation of a drilled hole;

s27: s21 to S26 are repeatedly executed on the surface of the whole roadway at a certain interval, so that the end head anchoring and supporting operation of the whole roadway is completed;

step four: after the supporting operation is finished, monitoring the stress value and the displacement variation in the supporting process of the anchor rod;

connecting a wire harness with monitoring equipment, acquiring displacement signals of the rod body in real time by using a displacement sensor, transmitting the displacement signals to the monitoring equipment, acquiring stress signals of the rod body in real time by using a stress sensor, and transmitting the stress signals to the monitoring equipment; the monitoring equipment obtains displacement variation and stress values in the anchor bolt supporting process through the received displacement signals and stress signals, and displays the displacement variation and stress values in real time through a display screen on the monitoring equipment;

step five: after the supporting operation of the whole roadway is finished, the supporting effect of each anchor rod is monitored in real time, the stress value and the displacement variation are analyzed, and the supporting effect of the anchor rod in each drilling hole is further judged;

if the maximum pretightening force and displacement are not changed any more, the support effect is good; if the maximum pretightening force is not changed and displacement generates a certain variable quantity, the anchor rod generates an anchor removing phenomenon, at the moment, the support is invalid, the anchor rod position after anchor removing is positioned in the support invalid area, and then anchor rod support operation is carried out again at the adjacent position of the anchor rod position to recover the support effect;

Step six: and repeatedly executing the first step to the fifth step, and carrying out partition support by adopting different support modes aiming at different surrounding rock structural areas so as to realize the safe and stable control of the deep roadway.

Preferably, the triangular support consists of a fixed platform, a rotating control body and a telescopic support rod; the upper end of the fixed platform is fixedly connected with the lower ends of the two automatic lifting rods; the rotating control body is fixedly arranged on the lower end surface of the fixed platform; the three telescopic struts are circumferentially and uniformly distributed, the upper ends of the three telescopic struts are respectively connected with three output parts of the rotating control body, the lower ends of the three telescopic struts are fixedly connected with conical fixing heads, and the middle sections of the three telescopic struts are respectively connected with adjusting bolts for adjusting the telescopic lengths of the telescopic struts.

Further, in order to improve the ability of deep hole detection, simultaneously, in order to improve the application scope of peeping appearance, automatic telescopic link is three section telescopic link.

According to the invention, for the peeping instrument, the two automatic lifting rods on the triangular support are utilized to support the automatic telescopic rod, and the inclination angle of the automatic telescopic rod can be conveniently adjusted by controlling the two automatic lifting rods to be at different heights, so that the extension section of the automatic telescopic rod can conveniently extend into holes at various angles. The structure inside the rock mass is peeped by utilizing the peeping instrument before supporting, the condition inside the drilling hole is known in advance by combining the image recognition technology, the internal structure of different areas of the rock mass can be fully mastered in advance, and then corresponding supporting anchor rods can be selected for different areas in a targeted manner. The hemispherical glass cover is covered outside the camera, so that the camera can be effectively protected in the peeping process of the drilling hole. The rubber sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the telescopic section of the automatic telescopic rod, so that on one hand, the camera can be ensured to be always kept stable in the process of moving towards the bottom of a drilled hole, further the obtained image can be ensured to be clearer, the actual condition of a rock mass can be obtained more accurately, on the other hand, the outer edge surface of the rubber sleeve can be utilized to fully act on the drilled hole, the effect of reaming a through hole is achieved, and the subsequent anchor rod loading process can be ensured to be smoother. The displacement sensor and the stress sensor are assembled on the conical head at the head end of the rod body, so that the displacement deformation and stress change conditions in the supporting process can be synchronously monitored, the supporting state of the anchor rod can be monitored in real time, and the surrounding rock control effect of the deep roadway is greatly improved.

Because the method adopts a construction anchoring mode, the condition that dust and pungent gas are harmful to human bodies caused by the operation of stirring by using the traditional anchoring agent is effectively avoided, and the condition that the underground water is easily polluted by chemical substances contained in the traditional anchoring agent is also effectively avoided. The method replaces the traditional anchoring method by using the anchoring agent from the aspects of high supporting performance, real-time monitoring and environmental protection, adopts supporting measures for realizing anchoring by using the expansion functional component, increases the synchronous monitoring function of displacement and stress, can solve the problem of tunnel instability caused by anchor rod supporting failure, and can effectively realize the safe and stable control of deep tunnels.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a deep roadway expansion support method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a peeping operation for a roadway borehole in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the peeping device according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the assembly of a camera, hemispherical glass cover and rubber sleeve of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a split construction of a multi-point expansion bolt according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the assembly of the multi-point expansion bolt of the present invention into a rock mass;

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the pretensioned support of the multi-point expansion bolt of the present invention in a rock mass;

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the pretensioned state of the multi-point expansion bolt of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a cascade of multiple multi-point expanded casings of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the head portion of the shaft of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the overall support of a plurality of multi-point expansion bolts according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a split construction of the head expanding bolt of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the assembly of the head expansion bolt of the present invention into a rock mass;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view showing a pre-tensioned support of the head expanding bolt in a rock mass according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the assembly of the expansion variation and the straight bobbin of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic perspective view of an expansion variant of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a graph showing the relationship between displacement and stress in a well-supported state according to the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a graph showing the relationship between displacement and stress in the failure state of the support according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. the rock mass, 2, loose rock mass, 3, roadway, 4, drill hole, 5, automatic telescopic rod, 6, rubber sleeve, 7, camera, 8, hemispherical glass cover, 9, tripod, 91, fixed platform, 92, rotary control body, 93, adjusting bolt, 94, telescopic strut, 95, conical fixed head, 10, automatic lifting rod, 101, retainer ring, 11, control harness, 12, console, 13, rod body, 131, main line groove, 132, conical head, 133, sensor groove one, 134, external thread section, 135, sensor groove two, 136, branch line groove, 137, polish rod section, 14, multipoint expansion sleeve, 141, hemispherical bump, 142, groove retainer ring, 143, bump, 144, expansion shell, 145, strip groove, 15, stress sensor, 16, displacement sensor, 17, wire harness, 18, pallet, 19, washer, 20, nut, 21, head expansion sleeve, 211, straight, 212, expansion deformation body, 213, pallet, 214, straight barrel, 215, limit collar, 216, front and rear elastic stop band.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 5 to 16, the invention provides a deep roadway expansion support device based on surrounding rock structural characteristics, which comprises an anchoring mechanism and an expansion support mechanism; the anchoring mechanism comprises a rod body 13, a tray 18, a gasket 19 and a nut 20; the tail end of the rod body 13 is provided with an external thread section 134, the gasket 19 and the tray 18 are sleeved on the outer side of the external thread section 134 in a sliding manner, and the gasket 19 is closer to the tail end of the rod body 13 than the tray 18; the nut 20 is connected to the outer side of the external thread section 134 through a threaded fit, and is closer to the tail end of the rod body 1 than the washer 19;

the anchoring mechanism further comprises a displacement sensor 16, a stress sensor 15 and a wire harness 17; the head end of the rod body 13 is provided with a conical head 132, and the axis of the rod body 13 is provided with a main line groove 131 which is axially communicated; the part of the rod body 13 between the external thread section 134 and the conical head 132 is a polished rod section 137; the conical head 132 is in a shape of a circular truncated cone, the large diameter end of the conical head 132 is positioned at one side of the tail end of the rod body 13, the outer diameter of the small diameter section of the conical head is consistent with the outer diameter of the rod body 13, a first sensor groove 133 is formed in the central area of the large diameter end of the conical head 132, a second sensor groove 135 is formed in the surface of the conical body part of the conical head, a branch line groove 136 is formed in the conical body part of the conical head, and two ends of the branch line groove 136 are respectively communicated with the second sensor groove 135 and the main line groove 131; the displacement sensor 16 is embedded in the first sensor groove 133; the stress sensor 15 is embedded in the second sensor groove 135; the wire harness 17 is disposed in the main line slot 131, the tail end of the wire harness is exposed outside the tail end of the rod body 13, a group of branch line bundles at the head end of the wire harness passes through the head end of the main line slot 131 and is connected with the displacement sensor 16, and another group of branch line bundles at the head end of the wire harness passes through the branch line slot 136 and is connected with the stress sensor 15;

The expansion supporting mechanism is of a cylindrical structure, and the inner diameter of the expansion supporting mechanism is matched with the outer diameter of the polish rod section 137; the front end of the expansion supporting mechanism is in limit fit with the conical head 132, and the rear end of the expansion supporting mechanism is in limit fit with the tray 18 and has radial expansion capability when being compressed; the length of the expansion supporting mechanism is matched with the length of the polish rod section 137 on the rod body 13, and the expansion supporting mechanism is sleeved on the outer side of the polish rod section 137.

In order to enable the full-length anchoring section to be in close contact with surrounding rock around the drill hole, and further achieve sufficient lifting of the supporting effect of the full-length anchoring section, the expansion supporting mechanism consists of a plurality of multipoint expansion sleeves 14 which are connected in sequence;

the inner diameter of the multipoint expansion sleeve 14 is adapted to the outer diameter of the polish rod segment 137, and is composed of an expansion shell 144, a groove retainer 142 and a bump retainer 143, wherein the expansion shell 144 is of a cylindrical structure, two strip-shaped grooves 145 are oppositely formed in the middle of the shell, and a plurality of semi-cone-shaped bumps 141 which are uniformly distributed are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the shell in the area outside the strip-shaped grooves 145; the tail end of the groove retainer ring 142 is fixedly connected with the head end of the multi-point expansion sleeve 14 coaxially, and four clamping grooves distributed in a cross shape are uniformly arranged at the head end of the multi-point expansion sleeve in the circumferential direction; the head end of the bump retainer 143 is fixedly connected with the tail end of the multi-point expansion sleeve 14 coaxially, and four clamping bumps distributed in a cross shape are uniformly arranged at the tail end in the circumferential direction; the multiple multi-point expansion sleeves 14 are sequentially and coaxially arranged, and two adjacent multi-point expansion sleeves 14 are connected together through the snap fit between the snap convex blocks and the snap concave grooves; a plurality of interconnected multi-point expansion sleeves 14 are sleeved on the outer portion of the upper polish rod segment 137 of the anchoring mechanism and cooperate with the anchoring mechanism to form a multi-point expansion anchor. By arranging the two strip-shaped grooves, the expansion amplitude of the expansion shell can be conveniently increased in the compression process, and the expansion shell is favorable for being more fully and tightly contacted with surrounding rock. Through being provided with a plurality of half cone shaped protruding blocks on the shell body of inflation shell, can make a plurality of half cone shaped protruding blocks can imbed in the certain degree of depth of country rock at inflation shell and country rock in-process, and then can show the improvement to the country rock anchor effect. The groove check rings and the bump check rings are respectively connected to the two ends of the expansion shell, cascading can be conveniently realized between the multiple multi-point expansion sleeves in a buckling mode, and then the multiple multi-point expansion sleeves can form an integral structure after being connected, so that the anchoring effect can be further improved while the assembly is convenient.

In order to effectively increase the shearing resistance of the full-length anchoring section, and simultaneously, in order to enable the head end of the anchor rod to be in close contact with surrounding rock around a drill hole, and further greatly improve the shearing resistance and the supporting effect, the expansion supporting mechanism is an end expansion sleeve 21;

the inner diameter of the end expansion sleeve 21 is matched with the outer diameter of the polish rod section 137, and the end expansion sleeve consists of an expansion deformation body 212, a straight tube 211 and a tray retainer 213; the expansion deformation body 212 consists of a front baffle ring 215, a rear baffle ring 216, an elastic deformation strip 217 and a limiting straight cylinder 214; the front baffle ring 215 and the rear baffle ring 216 are oppositely arranged front and back; the plurality of elastic deformation strips 217 are uniformly distributed in a cylindrical shape, and the front ends thereof are uniformly and fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the front baffle ring 215 in the circumferential direction, and the rear ends thereof are uniformly and fixedly connected to the front end surface of the rear baffle ring 216 in the circumferential direction; the limiting straight cylinder 214 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the front end surface of the front baffle ring 215; the front end of the straight tube 211 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the rear baffle ring 216; the tray retainer 213 is fixedly connected to the end of the straight tube 211 coaxially; the end expansion sleeve 21 is sleeved outside the upper polish rod segment 137 of the anchoring mechanism and forms an end expansion anchor together with the anchoring mechanism. Preferably, the expansion deformation body 212 is positioned at the front section of the polish rod section 137; the elastic deformation strips are uniformly distributed in a cylindrical shape, and the front baffle ring and the rear baffle ring are respectively connected to the two ends of the elastic deformation strips, so that the expansion deformation bodies can be radially expanded in a mode of compressing the front baffle ring and the rear baffle ring, and further the elastic deformation bodies can be fully contacted with surrounding rocks; the front side of the front baffle ring is connected with the limit straight cylinder, so that the shearing resistance of the front end of the anchor rod can be improved, the pretightening force of the conical head can be transmitted to the front baffle ring more stably, and the expansion deformation body can be expanded stably; through the setting of spacing straight section of thick bamboo, can show the increase polished rod section 137 on the one hand and show the shear strength, and then can show the support intensity that improves the country rock, on the other hand, can pass through the interact of its tip tray retaining ring and tray and transmit pretightning force to the expansion deformation body, and then can ensure that a plurality of elastic deformation strips can radially outwards expand to can make the expansion deformation body closely contact with the country rock near the hole bottom, in order to effectively anchor the country rock near the drilling bottom.

In order to realize effective detection of full circumferential stress and ensure accuracy and precision of stress detection, the second sensor groove 135 is annular.

In the invention, the conical head with larger outer diameter is fixedly connected at the head end of the rod body, so that a limit part can be conveniently formed at the head end of the rod body; the first sensor groove is formed in the center of the head end of the conical head, and the displacement sensor is assembled in the first sensor groove, so that monitoring of the displacement change condition of the rod body can be conveniently and rapidly realized in a mode of collecting distance signals between the bottom of the hole during supporting. The second sensor groove is formed in the conical body part of the conical head, and the stress sensor is assembled in the second sensor groove, so that the change condition of surrounding rock stress around the drilling hole can be sensed in real time during supporting. Therefore, the displacement sensor and the stress sensor assembled on the same anchor rod are matched with each other, so that the displacement variation and the stress variation in the anchor rod supporting process can be synchronously monitored, the supporting effect of each anchor rod can be scientifically and reasonably judged, and therefore effective supplementary supporting measures can be timely acquired under the condition that the anchor rod supporting fails, and the stability and the reliability of surrounding rock supporting are obviously ensured. The expansion supporting mechanism is sleeved outside the polish rod segment 137 of the rod body, the front end of the expansion supporting mechanism is in limit fit with the conical head, and the rear end of the expansion supporting mechanism is in limit fit with the tray, so that the expansion supporting mechanism can be compressed in a mode of applying pretightening force to the rod body by rotating the nut. The device simple structure, operation process are convenient, the support is effectual, and simultaneously, it has the function to support state real-time supervision, is favorable to realizing the stable control of tunnel country rock.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4 and fig. 7 and 8, the invention also provides a deep roadway expansion support method based on surrounding rock structural characteristics, which comprises a peeping instrument, a multi-point expansion anchor rod and an end expansion anchor rod;

the multi-point expansion anchor rod consists of an anchoring mechanism and a plurality of multi-point expansion sleeves 14 which are sleeved on the anchoring mechanism and are mutually connected; the end expansion anchor rod consists of an anchoring mechanism and an end expansion sleeve 21 sleeved on the anchoring mechanism;

the anchoring mechanism comprises a rod body 13, a tray 18, a gasket 19, a nut 20, a displacement sensor 16, a stress sensor 15 and a wire harness 17; the tail end of the rod body 13 is provided with an external thread section 134, the gasket 19 and the tray 18 are sleeved on the outer side of the external thread section 134 in a sliding manner, and the gasket 19 is closer to the tail end of the rod body 13 than the tray 18; the nut 20 is connected to the outer side of the external thread section 134 through a threaded fit, and is closer to the tail end of the rod body 1 than the tray 18; the head end of the rod body 13 is provided with a conical head 132, and the axis of the rod body 13 is provided with a main line groove 131 which is axially communicated; the part of the rod body 13 between the external thread section 134 and the conical head 132 is a polished rod section 137; the conical head 132 is in a shape of a circular truncated cone, the large diameter end of the conical head 132 is positioned at one side of the tail end of the rod body 13, a first sensor groove 133 is formed in the central area of the large diameter end of the conical head 132, a second sensor groove 135 is formed in the surface of the conical body part of the conical head, a branch line groove 136 is formed in the conical body part of the conical head, and two ends of the branch line groove 136 are respectively communicated with the second sensor groove 135 and the main line groove 131; the displacement sensor 16 is embedded in the first sensor groove 133; the stress sensor 15 is embedded in the second sensor groove 135; the wire harness 17 is disposed in the main line slot 131, the tail end of the wire harness is exposed outside the tail end of the rod body 13, a group of branch line bundles at the head end of the wire harness passes through the head end of the main line slot 131 and is connected with the displacement sensor 16, and another group of branch line bundles at the head end of the wire harness passes through the branch line slot 136 and is connected with the stress sensor 15;

The inner diameter of the multipoint expansion sleeve 14 is adapted to the outer diameter of the polish rod segment 137, and is composed of an expansion shell 144, a groove retainer 142 and a bump retainer 143, wherein the expansion shell 144 is of a cylindrical structure, two strip-shaped grooves 145 are oppositely formed in the middle of the shell, and a plurality of semi-cone-shaped bumps 141 which are uniformly distributed are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the shell in the area outside the strip-shaped grooves 145; the tail end of the groove retainer ring 142 is fixedly connected with the head end of the multi-point expansion sleeve 14 coaxially, and four clamping grooves distributed in a cross shape are uniformly arranged at the head end of the multi-point expansion sleeve in the circumferential direction; the head end of the bump retainer 143 is fixedly connected with the tail end of the multi-point expansion sleeve 14 coaxially, and four clamping bumps distributed in a cross shape are uniformly arranged at the tail end in the circumferential direction; the multiple multi-point expansion sleeves 14 are sequentially and coaxially arranged, and two adjacent multi-point expansion sleeves 14 are connected together through the snap fit between the snap convex blocks and the snap concave grooves and form a multi-point expansion anchor rod together with the anchoring mechanism;

the inner diameter of the end expansion sleeve 21 is matched with the outer diameter of the polish rod section 137, and the end expansion sleeve consists of an expansion deformation body 212, a straight tube 211 and a tray retainer 213; the expansion deformation body 212 consists of a front baffle ring 215, a rear baffle ring 216, an elastic deformation strip 217 and a limiting straight cylinder 214; the front baffle ring 215 and the rear baffle ring 216 are oppositely arranged front and back; the plurality of elastic deformation strips 217 are uniformly distributed in a cylindrical shape, and the front ends thereof are uniformly and fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the front baffle ring 215 in the circumferential direction, and the rear ends thereof are uniformly and fixedly connected to the front end surface of the rear baffle ring 216 in the circumferential direction; the limiting straight cylinder 214 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the front end surface of the front baffle ring 215; the front end of the straight tube 211 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the rear baffle ring 216; the tray retainer 213 is fixedly connected to the end of the straight tube 211 coaxially; the end expansion sleeve 21 is sleeved outside the upper polish rod section 137 of the anchoring mechanism and forms an end expansion anchor rod together with the anchoring mechanism;

The peeping instrument consists of a triangular support 9, an automatic telescopic rod 5, an automatic lifting rod 10, a rubber sleeve 6, a camera 7, a hemispherical glass cover 8, a control wire harness 11 and a control console 12; the automatic telescopic rod 5 is arranged above the triangular support 9; the front and rear of the two automatic lifting rods 10 are arranged between the automatic telescopic rod 5 and the triangular support 9 at intervals, the lower ends of the two automatic lifting rods 10 are fixedly arranged at the upper end of the triangular support 9, the upper ends of the two automatic lifting rods are correspondingly hinged with two fixing rings 101, and the two fixing rings 101 are respectively sleeved at the middle part of the fixing section of the automatic telescopic rod 5 and the outer side of the tail part of the fixing section of the automatic telescopic rod; the rubber sleeve 6 is sleeved on the outer side of the telescopic section of the automatic telescopic rod 5; the camera 7 is arranged at the front end of the telescopic section of the automatic telescopic rod 5; the hemispherical glass cover 8 is fixedly covered outside the camera 7 so as to effectively protect the camera 7; the control console 12 is respectively connected with the camera 7, the automatic telescopic rod 5 and the automatic lifting rod 10 through the control wire harness 11; preferably, the automatic telescopic rod 5 and the automatic lifting rod 10 are linear electric telescopic rods; the control console 12 can control the telescopic travel of the automatic telescopic rod 5, so that the automatic telescopic rod 5 can reach the required extension length; the control console 12 can also control the lifting stroke of the two automatic lifting rods 10, so as to control the inclination angle of the automatic telescopic rod 5, thereby meeting the detection requirements of the drilling holes 4 at different angles;

Comprises the following steps of;

step one: firstly, selecting the surface of a deep roadway 3 to drive into a drilling hole 4 at a set angle, and fixing a peeping instrument at a corresponding position of the roadway 3;

then, the telescopic action of the two automatic lifting rods 10 is controlled by the control console 12 to adjust the automatic telescopic rods 5 to the same angle as the drilling holes 4;

the telescopic section of the automatic telescopic rod 5 is controlled to extend into the drill hole 4 by the control console 12 until the camera 7 reaches a position close to the bottom of the drill hole 4, in the process, the camera 7 is protected by the hemispherical glass cover 8, the camera 7 is ensured to stably move in the drill hole 4 by flexibly and tightly contacting surrounding rocks around the drill hole 4 by the rubber sleeve 6, further, the situation that the camera 7 shakes in the drill hole 4 can be avoided, the drill hole 4 is further reamed, image data of the development situation of surrounding rock cracks of the drill hole 4 are acquired in real time by the camera 7 and sent to the control console 12 in real time, and the surrounding rock situation inside the whole drill hole 4 is displayed and recorded in real time by the display screen on the control console 12; in the process, the camera 7 can be protected by the hemispherical glass cover 8 so as to avoid damage of broken stone on the camera 7 in the peeping process;

Then, the control console 12 is used for controlling the automatic telescopic rod 5 to retract to an initial state, and the camera 7 is driven to withdraw from the drilling hole 4;

repeating the operation to finish the peeping operation of the drilling holes 4 in a plurality of areas, and moving the peeping instrument to the corresponding position when the drilling holes 4 in different positions are peeped;

step two: image recognition is carried out on the surrounding rock structure according to the image data of the drilling holes 4 recorded in the peeping process, the area occupation ratio of surrounding rock cracks is calculated, and the surrounding rock structure characteristics are further judged according to the situation of the crack occupation ratio;

s1: supporting in a multi-point anchoring supporting mode;

s11: drilling holes 4 are vertically and inwards drilled in the loose rock mass 2 at the shallow part of the surrounding rock of the roadway 3, and the drilling holes 4 extend into the whole rock mass 1;

s12: sleeving a plurality of multi-point expansion sleeves 14 outside a polished rod section 137 on a rod body 13, simultaneously, rotating the multi-point expansion sleeves 14 to enable bump check rings 143 and groove check rings 142 on adjacent multi-point expansion sleeves 14 to be connected in a buckling manner, and adjusting the direction of a strip-shaped groove 145 according to the development direction of a crack of a loose rock body 2 to ensure that the direction of the strip-shaped groove 145 is perpendicular to the development direction of the crack;

S13: the rod body 13 and the multiple multi-point expansion sleeves 14 are put into the drilling hole 4 together, the conical head 132 is ensured to be abutted against the hole bottom of the drilling hole 4, and the external thread section 134 is ensured to be exposed out of the hole opening of the drilling hole 4 for a certain length;

s14: sequentially mounting a tray 18, a gasket 19 and a nut 20 on the exposed external thread section 134, and rotating the nut 20 by using a lock to enable the tray 18 to be tightly attached to the surface of the roadway 3 and generate a certain pretightening force;

s15: continuing to rotate the nut 20 to enable the rod body 13 to generate outward pulling force, driving the head end of the multi-point expansion sleeve 14 to move outwards by utilizing the conical head 132, limiting the tail end of the multi-point expansion sleeve 14 by utilizing the tray 18 so as to generate compressive force at the two ends of the multi-point expansion sleeve 14, enabling the multi-point expansion sleeve 14 to generate radial expansion deformation along the vertical direction of the strip-shaped groove 145, and continuously expanding and deforming the multi-point expansion sleeves 14 until surrounding rocks embedded around the drilling hole 4 are embedded to a certain depth along with the continuous increase of the pretightening force; the anchoring force is improved by utilizing the larger friction force generated in the process of contacting the semi-cone-shaped convex blocks 141 on the multi-point expansion sleeve 14 with the loose rock mass 2;

in the initial support pre-tightening process, as the displacement of the rod body 13 increases, the pre-tightening force of the rod body 13 also increases, and when the pre-tightening force reaches a certain value, the displacement is not changed any more, and the pre-tightening force reaches the maximum value at the moment; at the same time, the depth of the multi-point expansion sleeve 14 embedded into the rock mass reaches the limit;

S16: stopping applying the pretightening force to the nut 20 to finish the multipoint anchoring and supporting operation of one drilling hole 4;

s17: s11 to S16 are repeatedly executed in the region of the loose rock mass 2 of the roadway 3 at a certain interval, so that the multipoint anchoring and supporting operation of the region is completed, the interval between cracks in the loose rock mass 2 is reduced, and the integrity of the loose rock mass 2 is fully improved;

s2: supporting by adopting a supporting mode of end head anchoring;

s21: drilling holes 4 are vertically and internally drilled in the complete rock mass 1 of the shallow part of the surrounding rock of the roadway 3;

s22: sleeving the end expansion sleeve 21 outside the polish rod section 137 on the rod body 13;

s23: the rod body 13 and the end expansion sleeve 21 are put into the drilling hole 4 together, and the conical head 132 is abutted against the hole bottom of the drilling hole 4, so that the external thread section 134 is exposed out of the hole opening of the drilling hole 4 for a certain length;

s24: sequentially mounting a tray 18, a gasket 19 and a nut 20 on the exposed external thread section 134, and rotating the nut 20 by using a lock to enable the tray 18 to be tightly attached to the surface of the roadway 3 and generate a certain pretightening force;

s25: continuing to rotate the nut 20 to enable the rod body 13 to generate outward pulling force, driving the head end of the limiting straight cylinder 214 to move outwards by utilizing the conical head 132, and simultaneously, tightly and tightly acting on the tray retainer ring 213 by utilizing the tray 18 to limit the straight cylinder 211 so as to generate compression force at two ends of the end expansion sleeve 21 and enable a plurality of elastic deformation strips 217 on the end expansion sleeve 21 to generate radial expansion deformation, and continuously expanding the end expansion sleeve 21 until surrounding rocks embedded around the drilling 4 are at a certain depth along with the axial displacement reduction of the expansion deformation body 212;

In the initial support pre-tightening process, as the displacement of the rod body 13 increases, the pre-tightening force of the rod body 13 also increases, and when the pre-tightening force reaches a certain value, the displacement is not changed any more, and the pre-tightening force reaches the maximum value at the moment; while the depth of the end expansion sleeve 21 embedded into the rock mass reaches a limit;

s26: stopping applying the pretightening force to the nut 20 to finish the end anchoring and supporting operation of one drilling hole 4;

s27: s21 to S26 are repeatedly executed on the surface of the whole roadway 3 at a certain interval, so that the end head anchoring and supporting operation of the whole roadway 3 is completed;

connecting a wire harness 17 with monitoring equipment, acquiring displacement signals of the rod body 13 in real time by using a displacement sensor 16, transmitting the displacement signals to the monitoring equipment, acquiring stress signals of the rod body 13 in real time by using a stress sensor 15, and transmitting the stress signals to the monitoring equipment; the monitoring equipment obtains displacement variation and stress values in the anchor bolt supporting process through the received displacement signals and stress signals, and displays the displacement variation and stress values in real time through a display screen on the monitoring equipment;

step five: after the supporting operation of the whole roadway 3 is finished, the supporting effect of each anchor rod is monitored in real time, the stress value and the displacement variation are analyzed, and the supporting effect of the anchor rod in each drilling hole 4 is further judged;

step six: and repeatedly executing the first step to the fifth step, and carrying out partition support by adopting different support modes aiming at different surrounding rock structural areas so as to realize the safe and stable control of the deep roadway 3.

Fig. 17 shows a graph of displacement versus stress in a good support state, and fig. 18 shows a graph of displacement versus stress in a support failure state.

Preferably, the triangular support 9 is composed of a fixed platform 91, a rotation control body 92 and a telescopic strut 94; the upper ends of the fixed platforms 91 are fixedly connected with the lower ends of the two automatic lifting rods 10; the rotation control body 92 is fixedly arranged on the lower end surface of the fixed platform 91; the three telescopic struts 94 are circumferentially and uniformly distributed, and the upper ends thereof are respectively connected with the three output parts of the rotary control body 92, the lower ends thereof are fixedly connected with tapered fixing heads 95, and the middle sections thereof are respectively connected with adjusting bolts 93 for adjusting the telescopic lengths thereof. Further preferably, the rotation control body 92 can control the actions of the three output parts at the lower end of the rotation control body, so as to control the supporting angles of the three telescopic supporting rods 94, thereby increasing the stability of the support of the triangular support 9. By means of the conical fixing head 95, the stability of the support of the triangular support 9 can be further increased by inserting the triangular support into a roadway floor to a certain depth.

In order to improve the capability of deep hole detection, and simultaneously, in order to improve the application range of the peeping instrument, the automatic telescopic rod 5 is a three-section telescopic rod.

Claims

1. A deep roadway expansion supporting device based on surrounding rock structural characteristics comprises an anchoring mechanism; the anchoring mechanism comprises a rod body (13), a tray (18), a gasket (19) and a nut (20); the tail end of the rod body (13) is provided with an external thread section (134), the gasket (19) and the tray (18) are sleeved on the outer side of the external thread section (134) in a sliding mode, and the gasket (19) is closer to the tail end of the rod body (13) than the tray (18); the nut (20) is connected to the outer side of the external thread section (134) through threaded fit, and is closer to the tail end of the rod body (1) than the gasket (19); the device is characterized by also comprising an expansion supporting mechanism;

The anchoring mechanism further comprises a displacement sensor (16), a stress sensor (15) and a wire harness (17); the head end of the rod body (13) is provided with a conical head (132), and the axis of the rod body (13) is provided with a main line groove (131) which is axially communicated; the part of the rod body (13) between the external thread section (134) and the conical head (132) is a polished rod section (137); the conical head (132) is in a round table shape, the large-diameter end of the conical head is positioned at one side of the tail end of the rod body (13), the outer diameter of the small-diameter section of the conical head is consistent with the outer diameter of the rod body (13), a first sensor groove (133) is formed in the central area of the large-diameter end of the conical head (132), a second sensor groove (135) is formed in the surface of the conical body part of the conical head, a branch line groove (136) is formed in the conical body part of the conical head, and two ends of the branch line groove (136) are respectively communicated with the second sensor groove (135) and the main line groove (131); the displacement sensor (16) is embedded in the first sensor groove (133); the stress sensor (15) is embedded in the second sensor groove (135); the wire harness (17) is arranged in the main wire groove (131), the tail end of the wire harness is exposed out of the tail end of the rod body (13), one group of branch wire harnesses at the head end of the wire harness penetrates to the head end of the main wire groove (131) and is connected with the displacement sensor (16), and the other group of branch wire harnesses at the head end of the wire harness penetrates through the branch wire groove (136) and is connected with the stress sensor (15);

The expansion supporting mechanism is of a cylindrical structure, and the inner diameter of the expansion supporting mechanism is matched with the outer diameter of the polish rod section (137); the front end of the expansion supporting mechanism is in limit fit with the conical head (132), and the rear end of the expansion supporting mechanism is in limit fit with the tray (18) and has radial expansion capability when being compressed; the length of the expansion supporting mechanism is matched with the length of the polish rod section (137) on the rod body (13), and the expansion supporting mechanism is sleeved on the outer side of the polish rod section (137).

2. Deep roadway expansion support device based on surrounding rock structural features according to claim 1, characterized in that the expansion support mechanism consists of a plurality of multi-point expansion casings (14) connected in sequence;

the inner diameter of the multipoint expansion sleeve (14) is matched with the outer diameter of the polish rod section (137), the multipoint expansion sleeve consists of an expansion shell (144), a groove retainer ring (142) and a bump retainer ring (143), the expansion shell (144) is of a cylindrical structure, two strip-shaped grooves (145) are oppositely formed in the middle of the shell body, and a plurality of semi-cone-shaped bumps (141) which are uniformly distributed are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the shell body in areas outside the strip-shaped grooves (145); the tail end of the groove retainer ring (142) is fixedly connected with the head end of the multi-point expansion sleeve (14) coaxially, and four clamping grooves which are distributed in a cross shape are uniformly formed in the head end of the groove retainer ring in an annular manner; the head end of the bump retainer ring (143) is fixedly connected with the tail end of the multi-point expansion sleeve (14) coaxially, and four clamping bumps distributed in a cross shape are uniformly arranged at the tail end in the circumferential direction; the multiple multi-point expansion sleeves (14) are sequentially and coaxially arranged, and two adjacent multi-point expansion sleeves (14) are connected together through the snap fit between the snap convex blocks and the snap concave grooves; a plurality of interconnected multi-point expansion sleeves (14) are sleeved outside the upper polish rod section (137) of the anchoring mechanism and form a multi-point expansion anchor rod together with the anchoring mechanism.

3. Deep roadway expansion support device based on surrounding rock structural features according to claim 1, characterized in that the expansion support mechanism is an end expansion sleeve (21);

the inner diameter of the end expansion sleeve (21) is matched with the outer diameter of the polish rod section (137), and the end expansion sleeve consists of an expansion deformation body (212), a straight tube (211) and a tray retainer ring (213); the expansion deformation body (212) consists of a front baffle ring (215), a rear baffle ring (216), an elastic deformation strip (217) and a limiting straight cylinder (214); the front baffle ring (215) and the rear baffle ring (216) are arranged in a front-back opposite way; the elastic deformation strips (217) are uniformly distributed in a cylindrical shape, the front ends of the elastic deformation strips are uniformly and fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the front baffle ring (215) in the circumferential direction, and the rear ends of the elastic deformation strips are uniformly and fixedly connected to the front end surface of the rear baffle ring (216) in the circumferential direction; the limiting straight cylinder (214) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the front end face of the front baffle ring (215); the front end of the straight tube (211) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rear end face of the rear baffle ring (216); the tray retainer ring (213) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the tail end of the straight tube (211); the end expansion sleeve (21) is sleeved outside the upper polish rod section (137) of the anchoring mechanism and forms an end expansion anchor rod together with the anchoring mechanism.

4. The deep roadway expansion support device based on surrounding rock structural characteristics of claim 1, wherein the second sensor groove (135) is annular.

5. A deep roadway expansion supporting method based on surrounding rock structural characteristics comprises a peeping instrument, a multi-point expansion anchor rod and an end expansion anchor rod;

the multi-point expansion anchor rod consists of an anchoring mechanism and a plurality of multi-point expansion sleeves (14) sleeved on the anchoring mechanism and connected with each other; the end expansion anchor rod consists of an anchoring mechanism and an end expansion sleeve (21) sleeved on the anchoring mechanism;

the anchoring mechanism comprises a rod body (13), a tray (18), a gasket (19), a nut (20), a displacement sensor (16), a stress sensor (15) and a wire harness (17); the tail end of the rod body (13) is provided with an external thread section (134), the gasket (19) and the tray (18) are sleeved on the outer side of the external thread section (134) in a sliding mode, and the gasket (19) is closer to the tail end of the rod body (13) than the tray (18); the nut (20) is connected to the outer side of the external thread section (134) in a threaded fit manner, and is closer to the tail end of the rod body (1) than the tray (18); the head end of the rod body (13) is provided with a conical head (132), and the axis of the rod body (13) is provided with a main line groove (131) which is axially communicated; the part of the rod body (13) between the external thread section (134) and the conical head (132) is a polished rod section (137); the conical head (132) is in a round table shape, the large-diameter end of the conical head is positioned at one side of the tail end of the rod body (13), a first sensor groove (133) is formed in the central area of the large-diameter end of the conical head (132), a second sensor groove (135) is formed in the surface of the conical body part of the conical head, a branch line groove (136) is formed in the conical body part of the conical head, and two ends of the branch line groove (136) are respectively communicated with the second sensor groove (135) and the main line groove (131); the displacement sensor (16) is embedded in the first sensor groove (133); the stress sensor (15) is embedded in the second sensor groove (135); the wire harness (17) is arranged in the main wire groove (131), the tail end of the wire harness is exposed out of the tail end of the rod body (13), one group of branch wire harnesses at the head end of the wire harness penetrates to the head end of the main wire groove (131) and is connected with the displacement sensor (16), and the other group of branch wire harnesses at the head end of the wire harness penetrates through the branch wire groove (136) and is connected with the stress sensor (15);

The inner diameter of the multipoint expansion sleeve (14) is matched with the outer diameter of the polish rod section (137), the multipoint expansion sleeve consists of an expansion shell (144), a groove retainer ring (142) and a bump retainer ring (143), the expansion shell (144) is of a cylindrical structure, two strip-shaped grooves (145) are oppositely formed in the middle of the shell body, and a plurality of semi-cone-shaped bumps (141) which are uniformly distributed are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the shell body in areas outside the strip-shaped grooves (145); the tail end of the groove retainer ring (142) is fixedly connected with the head end of the multi-point expansion sleeve (14) coaxially, and four clamping grooves which are distributed in a cross shape are uniformly formed in the head end of the groove retainer ring in an annular manner; the head end of the bump retainer ring (143) is fixedly connected with the tail end of the multi-point expansion sleeve (14) coaxially, and four clamping bumps distributed in a cross shape are uniformly arranged at the tail end in the circumferential direction; the multiple multi-point expansion sleeves (14) are sequentially and coaxially arranged, and two adjacent multi-point expansion sleeves (14) are connected together through the snap fit between the snap convex blocks and the snap concave grooves and form a multi-point expansion anchor rod together with the anchoring mechanism;

the inner diameter of the end expansion sleeve (21) is matched with the outer diameter of the polish rod section (137), and the end expansion sleeve consists of an expansion deformation body (212), a straight tube (211) and a tray retainer ring (213); the expansion deformation body (212) consists of a front baffle ring (215), a rear baffle ring (216), an elastic deformation strip (217) and a limiting straight cylinder (214); the front baffle ring (215) and the rear baffle ring (216) are arranged in a front-back opposite way; the elastic deformation strips (217) are uniformly distributed in a cylindrical shape, the front ends of the elastic deformation strips are uniformly and fixedly connected to the rear end surface of the front baffle ring (215) in the circumferential direction, and the rear ends of the elastic deformation strips are uniformly and fixedly connected to the front end surface of the rear baffle ring (216) in the circumferential direction; the limiting straight cylinder (214) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the front end face of the front baffle ring (215); the front end of the straight tube (211) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rear end face of the rear baffle ring (216); the tray retainer ring (213) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the tail end of the straight tube (211); the end expansion sleeve (21) is sleeved outside the upper polish rod section (137) of the anchoring mechanism and forms an end expansion anchor rod together with the anchoring mechanism;

The peeping instrument consists of a triangular support (9), an automatic telescopic rod (5), an automatic lifting rod (10), a rubber sleeve (6), a camera (7), a hemispherical glass cover (8), a control wire harness (11) and a control console (12); the automatic telescopic rod (5) is arranged above the triangular support (9); the front and rear of the two automatic lifting rods (10) are arranged between the automatic telescopic rod (5) and the triangular support (9) at intervals, the lower ends of the two automatic lifting rods (10) are fixedly arranged at the upper end of the triangular support (9), the upper ends of the two automatic lifting rods are correspondingly hinged with two fixing rings (101), and the two fixing rings (101) are respectively sleeved at the middle part of the fixing section of the automatic telescopic rod (5) and the outer side of the tail part of the fixing section of the automatic telescopic rod; the rubber sleeve (6) is sleeved on the outer side of the telescopic section of the automatic telescopic rod (5); the camera (7) is arranged at the front end of the telescopic section of the automatic telescopic rod (5); the hemispherical glass cover (8) is fixedly covered outside the camera (7); the control console (12) is respectively connected with the camera (7), the automatic telescopic rod (5) and the automatic lifting rod (10) through a control wire harness (11);

the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of;

Step one: firstly, selecting the surface of a deep roadway (3) to drive into a drill hole (4) at a set angle, and fixing a peeping instrument at a corresponding position of the roadway (3);

then, the telescopic action of the two automatic lifting rods (10) is controlled by the control console (12) so as to adjust the automatic lifting rods (5) to the same angle as the drilling holes (4);

the telescopic section of the automatic telescopic rod (5) is controlled to extend into the drill hole (4) through the control console (12) until the camera (7) reaches a position close to the bottom of the drill hole (4), in the process, the camera (7) is protected by the hemispherical glass cover (8), the camera (7) is ensured to stably move in the drill hole (4) by the flexible tight contact of the rubber sleeve (6) and surrounding rocks around the drill hole (4), the drill hole (4) is further reamed, the camera (7) is used for collecting image data of the development condition of surrounding rock cracks of the drill hole (4) in real time and sending the image data to the control console (12) in real time, and the surrounding rock condition inside the whole drill hole (4) is displayed and recorded in real time by the display screen on the control console (12);

then, the control console (12) is used for controlling the automatic telescopic rod (5) to retract to an initial state, and the camera (7) is driven to withdraw from the drilling hole (4);

Repeating the above operation to finish the peeping operation of the drilling holes (4) in a plurality of areas, and moving the peeping instrument to the corresponding position when the drilling holes (4) in different positions are peeped;

step two: image recognition is carried out on the surrounding rock structure according to the image data of the drilling holes (4) recorded in the peeping process, the area occupation ratio of surrounding rock cracks is calculated, and the surrounding rock structure characteristics are further judged according to the situation of the crack occupation ratio;

s1: supporting in a multi-point anchoring supporting mode;

s11: drilling holes (4) are vertically and inwards drilled in loose rock bodies (2) at the shallow parts of surrounding rocks of a roadway (3), and the drilling holes (4) extend into the whole rock bodies (1);

s12: sleeving a plurality of multi-point expansion sleeves (14) outside a polished rod section (137) on a rod body (13), simultaneously rotating the multi-point expansion sleeves (14) to enable bump check rings (143) and groove check rings (142) on adjacent multi-point expansion sleeves (14) to be connected in a buckled mode, and adjusting the direction of a strip groove (145) according to the development direction of a crack of a loose rock body (2) to ensure that the direction of the strip groove (145) is perpendicular to the development direction of the crack;

S13: the rod body (13) and the multiple multi-point expansion sleeves (14) are put into the drilling hole (4) together, the conical head (132) is ensured to be abutted against the hole bottom of the drilling hole (4), and the external thread section (134) is ensured to be exposed out of the hole opening of the drilling hole (4) for a certain length;

s14: a tray (18), a gasket (19) and a nut (20) are sequentially arranged on the exposed external thread section (134), and then the nut (20) is rotated by a lock, so that the tray (18) is tightly attached to the surface of the roadway (3) and a certain pretightening force is generated;

s15: continuing to rotate the nut (20) to enable the rod body (13) to generate outward pulling force, driving the head end of the multi-point expansion sleeve (14) to move outwards by utilizing the conical head (132), limiting the tail end of the multi-point expansion sleeve (14) by utilizing the tray (18) so as to generate compression force at the two ends of the multi-point expansion sleeve (14), enabling the multi-point expansion sleeve (14) to generate radial expansion deformation along the vertical direction of the strip-shaped groove (145), and continuously expanding and deforming the multi-point expansion sleeves (14) until surrounding rocks around the drill holes (4) are embedded to a certain depth along with the continuous increase of the pretightening force; the anchoring force is improved by utilizing larger friction force generated in the process of contacting the semi-cone-shaped convex blocks (141) on the multi-point expansion sleeve (14) with the loose rock mass (2);

S16: stopping applying the pretightening force to the nut (20) to finish the multipoint anchoring and supporting operation of one drilling hole (4);

s17: s11 to S16 are repeatedly executed in the region of the loose rock mass (2) of the roadway (3) at a certain interval, so that the multipoint anchoring and supporting operation of the region is completed, the interval between cracks in the loose rock mass (2) is reduced, and the integrity of the loose rock mass (2) is fully improved;

s2: supporting by adopting a supporting mode of end head anchoring;

s21: drilling holes (4) are vertically and inwards drilled in the complete rock mass (1) of the surrounding rock shallow part of the roadway (3);

s22: sleeving the end expansion sleeve (21) outside a polished rod section (137) on the rod body (13);

s23: the rod body (13) and the end expansion sleeve (21) are put into the drilling hole (4) together, the conical head (132) is abutted against the hole bottom of the drilling hole (4), and the external thread section (134) is exposed out of the hole opening of the drilling hole (4) for a certain length;

s24: a tray (18), a gasket (19) and a nut (20) are sequentially arranged on the exposed external thread section (134), and then the nut (20) is rotated by a lock, so that the tray (18) is tightly attached to the surface of the roadway (3) and a certain pretightening force is generated;

S25: continuing to rotate the nut (20) to enable the rod body (13) to generate outward pulling force, driving the head end of the limiting straight cylinder (214) to move outwards by utilizing the conical head (132), and simultaneously, tightly and tightly acting on the tray retainer ring (213) by utilizing the tray (18), further limiting the straight cylinder (211) so as to generate compression force at two ends of the end expansion sleeve (21), enabling a plurality of elastic deformation strips (217) on the end expansion sleeve (21) to generate radial expansion deformation, and continuously expanding the end expansion sleeve (21) until surrounding rocks embedded around the drilling hole (4) are at a certain depth along with the axial displacement reduction of the expansion deformation body (212);

s26: stopping applying the pretightening force to the nut (20) to finish the end head anchoring and supporting operation of one drilling hole (4);

s27: repeatedly executing S21 to S26 on the surface of the whole roadway (3) at a certain interval to finish the end head anchoring and supporting operation of the whole roadway (3);

connecting a wire harness (17) with monitoring equipment, acquiring displacement signals of the rod body (13) in real time by using a displacement sensor (16), transmitting the displacement signals to the monitoring equipment, and acquiring stress signals of the rod body (13) in real time by using a stress sensor (15) and transmitting the stress signals to the monitoring equipment; the monitoring equipment obtains displacement variation and stress values in the anchor bolt supporting process through the received displacement signals and stress signals, and displays the displacement variation and stress values in real time through a display screen on the monitoring equipment;

Step five: after the supporting operation of the whole roadway (3) is finished, the supporting effect of each anchor rod is monitored in real time, the stress value and the displacement variation are analyzed, and the supporting effect of the anchor rod in each drilling hole (4) is further judged;

step six: and repeatedly executing the first step to the fifth step, and carrying out partition support by adopting different support modes aiming at different surrounding rock structural areas so as to realize the safe and stable control of the deep roadway (3).

6. The deep roadway expansion support method based on surrounding rock structural characteristics according to claim 5, wherein the triangular support (9) consists of a fixed platform (91), a rotation control body (92) and a telescopic strut (94); the upper end of the fixed platform (91) is fixedly connected with the lower ends of the two automatic lifting rods (10); the rotation control body (92) is fixedly arranged on the lower end surface of the fixed platform (91); the three telescopic struts (94) are circumferentially and uniformly distributed, the upper ends of the three telescopic struts are respectively connected with three output parts of the rotating control body (92), the lower ends of the three telescopic struts are fixedly connected with conical fixing heads (95), and the middle sections of the three telescopic struts are respectively connected with adjusting bolts (93) for adjusting the telescopic length of the telescopic struts.

7. The deep roadway expansion support method based on surrounding rock structural characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the automatic telescopic rod (5) is a three-section telescopic rod.