CN117514184A - Intelligent perception early warning system and method and preprocessing tunneling method - Google Patents
Intelligent perception early warning system and method and preprocessing tunneling method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
- E21D9/087—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
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Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent perception early warning system, an intelligent perception early warning method and a preprocessing tunneling method, wherein the intelligent perception early warning system comprises a rock burst monitoring sensor, an intelligent perception module, an early warning controller and a communication module, the intelligent perception module is respectively connected with the rock burst monitoring sensor, the early warning controller and the communication module, and the rock burst monitoring sensor is as follows: the intelligent sensing module is used for measuring micro-vibration and elastic wave signals of rock burst and transmitting measurement data to the intelligent sensing module; and the intelligent perception module is used for: receiving and processing data collected by a rock burst monitoring sensor, identifying the type and intensity information of rock burst, and sending an analysis result to the early warning controller; and the early warning controller: controlling the running state of the TBM and giving an alarm according to the analysis result of the intelligent sensing module; and a communication module: and transmitting the analysis result and alarm information of the intelligent perception module to an operator. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention reduces the rock burst risk and the tunneling accident, and ensures the safe and efficient tunneling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel and underground engineering construction, in particular to an intelligent sensing and early warning system and method for TBM (Tunnel boring machine) to cope with extremely strong rock burst bad geology and a pretreatment tunneling method.
Background
In recent years, the proportion of construction by adopting a full-face tunnel boring machine TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) in tunnel construction in China is higher and higher. TBMs are typically comprised of a main shaft, cutterhead, propulsion system, soil slinging system, control system, support system, etc., that move themselves by excavating an endless tunnel in the ground while removing rock, soil and other materials from the excavated surface and transporting them to the ground. The TBM is a novel and advanced tunnel construction machine which utilizes a rotary cutter to excavate and break surrounding rock in a hole to excavate so as to form the section of the whole tunnel. Compared with the traditional drilling and blasting method construction, the TBM has the advantages of high tunneling efficiency, high hole forming quality, small surrounding rock disturbance and the like.
Along with the continuous construction and opening of the high-speed railway tunnel in China, the high-speed railway tunnel can necessarily pass through the rock burst poor geology of the high-altitude and high-cold plateau mountain area. In the tunnel construction process, rock burst frequently occurs in surrounding rock with class I, and the rock burst is a phenomenon that the accumulated elastic deformation potential energy in a rock body is suddenly and violently released under a certain condition, so that the rock bursts and ejects out. However, it has been demonstrated in practice that conventional open TBMs cope with mild and moderate rock bursts and can be addressed by reinforcing struts. Aiming at serious accidents that strong rock burst and extremely strong rock burst often cause the TBM machine to be blocked, buried and even scrapped, the personal safety of site construction personnel is threatened. Meanwhile, as the TBM mechanical system is too huge and has poor adaptability to geological conditions, the pretreatment of the rock burst problem of the complicated geological tunnel section is not flexible enough, the geological conditions of tunnel excavation engineering are more and more complicated, high-stress and strong rock burst tunnels are increased, and the conventional TBM and tunneling method have great limitation on the rock burst problem, so that the research and optimization of the TBM tunneling method is applicable to the TBM ultra-strong rock burst pre-warning system and the pretreatment tunneling measure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an intelligent perception early warning system, an intelligent perception early warning method and a preprocessing tunneling method. The invention provides an intelligent perception early warning system, which comprises a rock burst monitoring sensor, an intelligent perception module, an early warning controller and a communication module, wherein the intelligent perception module is respectively connected with the rock burst monitoring sensor, the early warning controller and the communication module,
the rock burst monitoring sensor comprises: the intelligent sensing module is used for measuring micro-vibration and elastic wave signals of rock burst and transmitting measurement data to the intelligent sensing module;
the intelligent perception module is used for: receiving data transmitted by the rock burst monitoring sensor, processing the data collected by the rock burst monitoring sensor by using a deep learning algorithm, identifying the type and intensity information of rock burst, and transmitting an analysis result to the early warning controller;
the early warning controller: controlling the running state of the TBM and giving an alarm according to the analysis result of the intelligent sensing module;
the communication module is as follows: and transmitting the analysis result and alarm information of the intelligent perception module to an operator. The invention discloses an intelligent perception early warning method, which comprises the following steps:
Firstly, installing a rock burst monitoring sensor and an early warning controller at a reserved interface of a TBM, and continuously monitoring elastic waves generated by rock burst in a rock burst inoculation process within a set range of a tunnel face within a set time by utilizing a micro-vibration detection method;
training the intelligent perception module before TBM excavation;
transmitting the data acquired by the rock burst monitoring sensor to an intelligent sensing module, screening, filtering and processing the data by the intelligent sensing module, removing noise interference, extracting an elastic wave signal of the rock, and analyzing and processing the elastic wave signal;
step four, a feature library of rock elastic wave signals is established, modeling and training are carried out by using a machine learning algorithm, and an intelligent perception early warning system is established;
step five, connecting the intelligent perception early warning system in the step four with a control system of the TBM;
step six, the intelligent perception module receives data transmitted by the rock burst monitoring sensor, analyzes the data, gives an alarm according to an analysis result, and if the alarm is triggered, the early warning controller controls the running state of the TBM and gives an alarm signal;
step seven: the communication module transmits the analysis result and alarm information of the intelligent perception module to an operator, and the operator carries out remote monitoring and control.
In the first step, a rock burst monitoring sensor and an early warning controller are arranged on a cutter head, a shield, a rear matched port and a reserved port of an electric hydraulic system of a TBM, and elastic waves generated by rock burst in the rock burst inoculation process are continuously monitored within about 10m in front of a palm face for 24 hours by utilizing a micro-vibration detection method to perform advanced perception prediction;
in the second step, the intelligent sensing module can automatically learn and identify different types of rock burst signals by using a deep learning algorithm, and predict the scale and possible dangerous degree of rock burst according to the signal intensity.
The invention discloses a pretreatment tunneling method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, geological exploration is carried out, and an intelligent perception early warning system is installed; before tunneling, geological exploration is carried out on a tunneling section, relevant information of surrounding rock is obtained, and the intelligent perception early warning system of claim 1 is installed to realize rapid early warning and timely control of rock explosion;
step 2, preprocessing surrounding rock of a tunneling section by adopting blasting, cutting and grouting processing modes;
step 3, performing advanced ground stress release;
step 4, reinforcing and supporting the rock mass by adopting passive protective measures in the tunneling process;
Step 5, in the tunneling process, taking strong supporting measures in time according to actual tunneling conditions;
and 6, in the tunneling process, monitoring and early warning the states of the tunneling machine and surrounding rock by adopting the intelligent perception system real-time monitoring system. As a further improvement of the present invention, in the step 3, specifically, it includes:
step 30, before TBM installation, stress relief blasting is carried out through the advanced stress relief hole; drilling holes on the face of the cutterhead by using an advanced drilling machine, performing presplitting blasting, and performing stress release by adding explosive into the drilling holes to reduce the rock blasting grade;
step 31, after the TBM is installed, arranging cutters according to set intervals and angles to realize advanced ground stress release; the cutter is arranged on the cutter head of the TBM along two oblique directions, so that the cutter can cut rocks along different directions at the same time, and the rotating speed and the feeding speed of the cutter head are controlled by the motor, so that the advanced ground stress release is realized.
In step 31, the thickness of the panel of the TBM cutterhead is 120mm, the thickness of the supporting rib plate is 80mm, the thickness of the blade seat rib plate is 60mm, the thickness of the large circular ring is 100mm, and the overall thickness of the cutterhead is 1907.5mm.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the step 4, the passive safeguard measure includes:
passive protection measures of the cutter: a cutter passive protection device for absorbing rock fragments when rock burst occurs is arranged on a cutter of the TBM;
rock burst early warning measures: a rock burst early warning system for finding rock burst risks in advance is arranged at a reserved interface of the TBM;
surrounding rock supporting measures: installing a rock mass covering, a protective steel plate and a protective net to cope with serious rock burst events; the rock mass is covered with glass fiber reinforced plastic, a protective steel plate with set thickness is arranged at the front end and the top of the TBM, and a protective net is arranged on the surface of the rock mass.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the rock burst early warning measures, the rock burst early warning system comprises a stress monitoring system, a vibration monitoring system and a video monitoring system, wherein,
the stress monitoring system: judging the stability of the rock mass and whether the rock burst risk exists or not by measuring the change of the rock mass stress;
the vibration monitoring system: judging whether the rock mass is broken or exploded or not by measuring the frequency and amplitude of the vibration of the rock mass;
the video monitoring system comprises: through the installation camera, monitor and video the rock mass around the TBM equipment in real time.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the step 5, the strong supporting measure specifically includes:
installing a timely active support system: the active supporting system comprises a steel arch, a steel pipe sheet, a hydraulic cylinder, a bracket and a hydraulic pump, wherein the steel arch, the steel pipe sheet and the hydraulic cylinder are arranged below the TBM top shield, and the bracket and the hydraulic pump are arranged in a TBM control chamber;
emergency spraying and mixing: when the rock burst occurs, the control system of the TBM automatically starts an emergency spraying and mixing recovery confining pressure system, and the emergency spraying and mixing recovery confining pressure system sprays spraying and mixing materials onto surrounding rock through an emergency spraying and mixing manipulator so as to form a firm shell and resist the rock burst pressure;
installing a support system: the anchor screening and spraying support system is adopted and comprises an anchor rod, an anchor plate, a steel wire mesh and a guniting machine, namely, the anchor rod and the anchor plate are firstly installed, then the steel wire mesh is fixed, and finally, cement paste is injected into holes by the guniting machine, so that the cement paste is tightly combined with the steel wire mesh.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step of installing the timely active support system, a detachable steel pipe sheet assembling device is adopted to install and remove the steel pipe sheets, and a steel arch is installed by adopting a steel arch assembler; the pretreatment tunneling method further comprises the step of adopting a movable grid protection shield and/or a movable protection shed and a rock burst prevention grid protection shell for passive protection.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1. the intelligent perception early warning system has the unique and innovative points of intellectualization, automation, remodelling, adjustable sensitivity and the like, can effectively improve the accuracy and the instantaneity of rock burst monitoring, and avoids casualties and equipment damage caused by rock burst; 2. according to the pretreatment tunneling method, rock burst risks and tunneling accidents are effectively reduced through measures such as intelligent perception monitoring, pretreatment, advanced ground stress release, passive protection, timely strong support and the like; meanwhile, a real-time monitoring system is adopted to discover and process problems in the tunneling process in time, so that the tunneling safety and high efficiency are ensured; 3. the pretreatment tunneling method improves the working efficiency and the safety of the TBM.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the L1 zone spray mixing of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a TBM primary support of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the early stress relief of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a TBM face pre-splitting blasthole arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a steel arch assembler of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a steel arch in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a view showing the construction of a steel pipe sheet splicing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a movable protective shed according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a TBM machine cutterhead of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an X-shaped knife tray of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a large flange of increased thickness of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram of an intelligent perception early warning system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The intelligent sensing and early warning system for realizing the extremely strong rock burst pretreatment disclosed by the invention is mainly used for carrying out real-time intelligent monitoring and analysis by reserving a microseismic detection interface in a TBM (tunnel boring machine), and providing visual rock burst and rock burst prevention and control information.
The cutterhead for realizing the extremely strong rock burst pretreatment tunneling method mainly comprises the following steps of adopting an X-shaped cutterhead mode, improving the overall thickness and the height of the cutterhead, enhancing the size of a spigot, the number of studs and the main driving, and carrying out timely strong support by utilizing a support system while a grouting system is matched with steel pipe sheets to irrigate and fill a collapse area; and then the advanced stress release hole is used for actively releasing stress to release explosion and the anti-explosion grid protecting shell is arranged for remote operation so as to achieve the purpose of passive protection. The pretreatment tunneling method can effectively solve the tunneling problem of extremely strong explosion poor geology, and improves the working efficiency and the safety of TBM.
As shown in fig. 12, the invention discloses an intelligent perception early warning system, which mainly comprises four system module devices, a rock burst monitoring sensor, an intelligent perception module, an early warning controller and a communication module, wherein the intelligent perception module is respectively connected with the rock burst monitoring sensor, the early warning controller and the communication module,
Rock burst monitoring sensor: the intelligent sensing module is used for measuring micro-vibration and elastic wave signals of rock burst and transmitting measurement data to the intelligent sensing module;
and the intelligent perception module is used for: receiving data transmitted by the rock burst monitoring sensor, processing the data collected by the rock burst monitoring sensor by using a deep learning algorithm, identifying the type and intensity information of rock burst, and transmitting an analysis result to the early warning controller;
and the early warning controller: controlling the running state of the TBM and giving an alarm according to the analysis result of the intelligent sensing module;
and a communication module: and transmitting the analysis result and alarm information of the intelligent perception module to an operator.
The intelligent sensing and early warning system is an intelligent sensing and early warning system for the TBM to cope with the poor geology of the extremely strong rock burst, can monitor micro-vibration signals of the rock in real time in the TBM tunneling process, and analyzes and processes the micro-vibration signals by utilizing an elastic wave detection technology, so that the rapid early warning and timely control of the rock burst are realized, and the safety of TBM equipment and workers is ensured.
The TBM is mainly used for realizing extremely strong rock burst early warning through an integrated intelligent rock burst monitoring system, a micro-vibration detection interface is reserved on the TBM, and elastic waves generated by rock burst inoculation process rock burst are monitored within a range of about 10m in front of a tunnel face for 24 hours continuously by utilizing a micro-vibration detection method, so that advanced perception prediction is carried out. And quantitatively predicting the area and grade of the rock burst by adopting a parameter early warning and intelligent early warning method, and issuing early warning short messages and reports. The intelligent perception system interface provides the face pile number, the early warning time, the microseismic information, the rock burst grade rate and the prevention and control measure suggestion, visual rock burst information can be provided, and technical support is provided for rock burst prevention and control.
The invention also discloses an intelligent perception early warning method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, reserving an interface; a micro-vibration detection interface (an interface is reserved on a cutter head, a shield, a rear support and an electric hydraulic system) is reserved on the TBM, a rock burst monitoring sensor and an early warning controller are arranged on the reserved interface, and an elastic wave generated by rock burst inoculation process rock burst is monitored within a range of about 10m before a face is continuously monitored for 24 hours by utilizing a micro-vibration detection method, so that advanced perception prediction is carried out; the rock burst monitoring sensor is a plurality of high-precision acceleration sensors, and the high-precision acceleration sensors can sense rock micro-vibration signals in real time and transmit data to the data acquisition unit. The micro-vibration detection method is a technology for monitoring micro-vibration signals of rock burst events in the tunnel excavation process. This method uses high sensitivity vibration sensors or monitoring devices to measure and record minute vibration signals generated by the rock surrounding the tunnel upon explosion or rock mass rupture. These micro-vibration signals may include low to high frequency vibration waveforms and spectral information. The basic principle of the tunnel rock burst micro-vibration detection method is as follows: when the rock mass is subjected to stress concentration or to excessive pressure, the structure inside the rock may be broken or crushed, thereby causing minute vibrations. These micro-vibration signals may be captured by vibration sensors or monitoring devices and data acquisition and analysis performed. By monitoring and analyzing the micro-vibration signals, the stability of the rock mass, the occurrence and evolution process of rock burst and the safety of tunnel engineering can be known.
Training an intelligent perception module; before TBM excavation, the intelligent perception module needs to be trained so as to accurately identify information such as the type and the intensity of rock burst, and for this reason, a large amount of experimental data needs to be used for training and verification so as to improve the accuracy of the module.
Step three, data acquisition and processing are carried out; and transmitting the data acquired by the rock burst monitoring sensor to an intelligent sensing module, screening, filtering and processing the data by the intelligent sensing module, removing noise interference, extracting an elastic wave signal of the rock, and analyzing and processing the elastic wave signal. The rock burst monitoring sensor continuously collects micro-vibration and elastic wave signals of rock burst, and the data are transmitted to the intelligent sensing module for processing and analysis.
Step four, a feature library of rock elastic wave signals is established, modeling and training are carried out by using a machine learning algorithm, and an intelligent perception early warning system is established; the intelligent perception early warning system can automatically identify the characteristics of rock explosion, perform quick early warning, automatically control according to the severity of early warning signals, lighten the influence of the rock explosion and ensure the safety of TBM equipment and workers.
Step five, monitoring and controlling in real time; connecting the intelligent sensing and early warning system in the fourth step with a control system of the TBM ， Realizing real-time monitoring and control. When the intelligent sensing and early warning system detects that the rock micro-vibration signal reaches an early warning value, an alarm can be automatically sent out, and corresponding control measures such as speed reduction, shutdown and the like are performed.
Step six, analyzing the data and giving an alarm; when the intelligent sensing module receives data transmitted by the rock burst monitoring sensor, the data are analyzed, an alarm is sent out according to the analysis result, and if the alarm is triggered, the early warning controller controls the running state of the TBM and sends out an alarm signal.
Step seven: the communication module can transmit the analysis result and alarm information of the intelligent perception module to an operator, and the operator can remotely monitor and control the intelligent perception module.
The intelligent perception early warning system and the intelligent perception early warning method disclosed by the invention can rapidly and accurately early warn and control the occurrence of rock burst, ensure the safety of TBM equipment and workers, and simultaneously improve the tunneling efficiency and quality.
Compared with the traditional rock burst monitoring method, the intelligent perception early warning system disclosed by the invention has the following unique and innovative points: (1) and (5) application of the intelligent perception module. The intelligent sensing module is adopted, so that data acquired by the sensor can be processed and analyzed. The module can automatically learn and identify different types of rock burst signals by using a deep learning algorithm, and predict the scale and possible dangerous degree of rock burst according to the signal intensity. The intelligent sensing technology can greatly improve the accuracy and the instantaneity of early warning; (2) and (5) automatically controlling an early warning controller. The system is also provided with an early warning controller which can automatically control the running state of the TBM according to the analysis result of the intelligent perception module and send out an alarm. The traditional rock burst monitoring method needs to manually judge the scale and possible dangerous degree of rock burst and manually stop or adjust the running state of TBM according to the situation. The automatic control can improve the speed and accuracy of early warning response, and avoid misjudgment and delay caused by human factors; (3) remote monitoring of the communication module. The system is also provided with a communication module which can transmit the analysis result and alarm information of the intelligent perception module to an operator. The communication module can also realize remote monitoring and control, and can carry out real-time monitoring and control under the condition that the underground tunnel where the TBM is located is far away from an operation center; (4) a sensor with adjustable sensitivity. The system monitors by using a sensor with adjustable sensitivity, and the sensor can adjust the sensitivity according to different distances and rock conditions, so that the optimal monitoring effect is obtained under different conditions.
The invention also discloses a pretreatment tunneling method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, geological exploration is carried out, and an intelligent perception early warning system is installed; before tunneling, geological exploration is carried out on a tunneling section, information such as the structure and the property of surrounding rock is obtained, and a corresponding construction scheme is formulated. Meanwhile, the geological exploration also covers the whole tunneling section, and various exploration means such as drilling, measurement, geological radar detection and the like are adopted. The intelligent sensing and early warning system is arranged to realize rapid early warning and timely control of rock and rock burst, namely, the intelligent rock burst sensor and the early warning controller are arranged at the cutter head, the shield and the rear support of the TBM and the reserved interface of the electric hydraulic system, and the intelligent sensing and early warning system for the extremely strong rock burst micro-vibration elastic wave detection method can rapidly and accurately early warn and control the occurrence of rock burst.
Step 2, preprocessing surrounding rock of a tunneling section by adopting blasting, cutting and grouting processing modes; the blasting mode is carried out in a sectional control mode so as to reduce the rock blasting risk; the cutting mode uses a hard alloy blade to ensure the cutting effect and the tunneling speed; the grouting mode selects high-efficiency curing materials to support and strengthen the rock mass so as to improve the strength and stability of surrounding rock. In the grouting process, the grouting pressure and flow are controlled carefully, so that uniform and sufficient grouting is ensured.
And 3, performing advanced ground stress release. In the tunneling process, according to geological exploration and actual tunneling conditions, advanced ground stress release measures are timely adopted so as to reduce stress concentration and rock burst risks of the rock mass. And (5) the stress relief blasting is performed by advancing the stress relief hole. And drilling holes on the face of the cutter head by using an advanced drilling machine, performing presplitting blasting, and performing stress release by adding a small amount of explosive into the drilling holes to reduce the rock blasting grade. The cutting parameters are adjusted in real time by adopting a unique TBM cutter arrangement mode and cutters, the state and tunneling parameters of the rock are monitored in real time, and forced tunneling measures are adopted in time before the rock burst occurs.
And 4, reinforcing and supporting the rock mass by adopting passive protective measures in the tunneling process so as to reduce accidents such as rock mass breaking and blocking of a tunneling machine. The specific measures include: anchor bolt support, net piece spouts anchor, spouts thick liquid reinforcement, lining support etc.. The method mainly comprises the steps of installing a rock burst early warning system, strengthening surrounding rock to support stably, and adopting a movable grid protection shield and a movable protection shed. The TBM removable protective shed and removable grille guard are two different tunnel construction devices that are used to provide safety protection and safeguards during TBM tunnel excavation. A removable grille guard (Moveable Grating Shield) is a device for protecting TBM cutterheads and cutting areas. It consists of a series of metal grids that can be moved and adjusted in position to cover the cutterhead and cutting area. The movable grille guard acts to block and direct gravel and mud flow out of the TBM cutting area while reducing environmental pollution and injury to personnel.
The movable protection shed and the movable grid protection shield play different roles in TBM tunnel excavation, the movable protection shed is used for protecting staff and a TBM machine body, and the movable grid protection shield mainly focuses on protection of a cutter disc and a cutting area. They are independent devices but may be used simultaneously in practice to provide comprehensive safety protection and safeguards. The movable shelter is shown in fig. 8.
The movable grid guard shield is generally constructed of a grid structure (the grid typically presents a grid or parallel bar shape) with sufficient strength and stability to withstand the impact of rock fragments and mud generated during cutting. The movable grille protection shield comprises a supporting system and a moving device (comprising pulleys, guide rails, a hydraulic system and the like, and is used for enabling the grille structure to translate, lift or rotate when required, and the design of the moving device enables the grille protection shield to adapt to different cutting conditions and construction requirements), the protection shield and the like, and the grille protection shield plays a protection role through the combination of the grille protection shield and the moving device. The movable grille guard is usually installed in the cutterhead and cutting area of the TBM, and plays a role in protecting the following aspects: 1. blocking the broken stone from splashing: during TBM cutting, rock is cut into crushed stone by the cutterhead with mud. The movable grid protection shield is located in front of the cutting area, broken stone and mud can be effectively prevented from splashing, and risk of injury to surrounding environment and staff is reduced. 2. Guiding the crushed stone and mud to flow out: the metal grid structure on the movable grid guard shield is capable of letting through crushed stone and mud, but at the same time also acts as a guide for it to flow out of the cutting area along a predetermined path. This allows the crushed stone and mud to be controlled to a certain extent, reducing the likelihood of their spreading to other areas. 3. The environmental pollution is reduced: by guiding the outflow of crushed stone and mud and intensively treating, the movable grille guard can reduce pollution to the surrounding environment. This is very important for protecting the ecological environment and maintaining the cleanliness of the construction site. The specific design and method of use of the removable grille guard may vary from TBM model to TBM model and tunnel engineering requirements. In actual construction, professional engineers and technicians can design and install according to specific conditions so as to ensure that the movable grid protection shield can effectively play a role in protection and improve construction safety and environmental protection level.
The passive protection measures for preventing the rock burst also comprise the technology of adopting the rock burst prevention grid protection shell, and the technology of adopting the rock burst prevention grid protection shell is the passive protection measure for preventing the rock burst in tunnel construction. Mainly by grille guard (a structure made of strong metallic material, usually steel or alloy material, it has a specific mesh size and structural strength to block and trap rock fragments and explosions.) is mounted in the main machine area of the TBM, especially in front of the cutterhead, fixed to the TBM body, ensuring stability and maintaining a suitable distance from the cutterhead to allow cutting operations to take place. The main function is to block and capture rock fragments and prevent the rock fragments from entering the TBM host area, thereby protecting the operation safety of the cutterhead and the TBM. The grid protective shell can effectively prevent the damage of rock fragments to the TBM cutterhead and other key components through the firm structure and proper mesh size, and reduce the accident occurrence caused by rock burst. In addition to the grid housing itself, a sophisticated system is also required to monitor and maintain the condition of the grid. This includes a mesh blockage monitoring system for timely detecting and clearing blockages on the grid; rock debris cleaning and removal means for cleaning and removing rock debris entering the grille.
Setting up a rock burst proof grille guard technique to achieve passive protection typically includes the following steps and measures:
further knowledge of the geological conditions, detailed investigation and evaluation of the geological conditions surrounding the tunnel is performed before designing the rock burst proof grating shield. This includes determining geologic parameters such as lithology, joint development, ground stress distribution, etc., to better design and select appropriate safeguards.
Further carrying out grid design, and designing a proper anti-rock explosion grid protective shell according to geological conditions and design requirements. The grid casing is typically made of a strong metallic material with a suitable mesh size and structural strength to block and trap rock fragments and explosions.
Further installation is performed by installing a rock burst protection grating shield in front of the main machine area of the TBM, in particular the cutterhead, to maximally block and capture rock fragments. The grille guard is typically secured to the TBM body, ensuring that it is stable and at a proper distance from the cutterhead to allow the cutting operation to proceed.
Further carrying out system improvement: in addition to the grid housing itself, it is also necessary to equip sophisticated systems including mesh blockage monitoring, rock fragment cleaning and removal devices, etc. These systems can monitor and treat the mesh clogging condition on the grille guard, clean and remove the plugs in time, and maintain the protective effect.
Further periodic inspection and maintenance: the condition of the anti-rock burst grille guard is checked regularly, and necessary maintenance and repair are performed. This includes checking the integrity of the grid, the status of the fasteners, and cleaning and maintenance related systems.
And 5, in the tunneling process, taking strong supporting measures in time according to the actual tunneling condition so as to ensure the safety of a tunneling machine and personnel. The specific measures include: steel support reinforcement, drilling pre-arch, anchor spraying reinforcement and the like. The high-efficiency anchor screening and spraying support system mainly comprises a steel arch frame assembly and disassembly, a high-efficiency anchor screening and spraying support system, surrounding rock is rapidly closed, active support is timely carried out, and surrounding pressure is recovered by emergency spraying and mixing.
And 6, in the tunneling process, monitoring and early warning the states of the tunneling machine and surrounding rock by adopting the intelligent sensing system real-time monitoring system, and timely taking measures to ensure the safety and smooth tunneling.
In the step 3, the advanced ground stress release mainly includes the steps of:
step 30, before TBM installation, stress relief blasting is carried out through the advanced stress relief hole; and drilling holes on the face of the cutter head by using an advanced drilling machine, performing presplitting blasting, and performing stress release by adding explosive into the drilling holes to reduce the rock blasting grade.
31, after TBM installation is completed, arranging cutters according to a certain interval and angle by adopting a unique TBM cutter arrangement mode so as to realize advanced ground stress release; the cutter is arranged on the cutter head of the TBM along two oblique directions, so that the cutter can cut rocks along different directions at the same time, and the rotating speed and the feeding speed of the cutter head are controlled by the motor, so that the advanced ground stress release is realized.
In the step 4, the passive safeguard measure includes:
passive protection measures of the cutter: the cutter passive protection device for absorbing rock fragments when the rock burst occurs is arranged on the cutter of the TBM so as to protect the cutter from being impacted and worn by the rock fragments and prolong the service life of the cutter; when the rock burst happens, rock fragments can be absorbed into the protective cover of the cutter passive protective device, so that damage to TBM caused by the fragments is avoided, and meanwhile, the fragments are prevented from flying out to hurt people.
Rock burst early warning measures: a rock burst early warning system for finding rock burst risks in advance is arranged at a reserved interface of the TBM; the rock burst early warning system comprises the following components: a stress monitoring system; and judging the stability of the rock mass and whether the rock burst risk exists or not by measuring the change of the stress of the rock mass. A vibration monitoring system; and judging whether the rock mass is broken or exploded or not by measuring the frequency and amplitude of the vibration of the rock mass. A video monitoring system; by installing equipment such as cameras, real-time monitoring and video recording are carried out on rock mass around TBM equipment so as to carry out post analysis and treatment when accidents occur. By monitoring the change of indexes such as rock stress, vibration and the like, the change of geological conditions and rock stability is mastered, the influence of rock burst on TBM equipment is reduced, a rock burst early warning system is required to be installed on the TBM equipment, the rock burst risk is found in advance, corresponding measures are taken in time, and the safety of the TBM equipment and staff is ensured.
Surrounding rock supporting measures: for severe rock burst events, reinforcing a surrounding rock support system, including installing a rock mass cover, a protective steel plate and a protective mesh; the three modes are combined for use, so that the best protection effect is achieved. Installing a rock mass cover: the impact of shock waves generated by explosion of the rock mass on TBM equipment is reduced by covering the rock mass with a layer of special material such as glass fiber reinforced plastic. And (3) installing a protection steel plate: and a protective steel plate with a certain thickness is arranged at the front end and the top of the TBM so as to slow down the impact of rock mass explosion on TBM equipment, and meanwhile, the front cutterhead of the TBM can be effectively protected. Installing a protective net: and a protective net is arranged on the surface of the rock mass so as to slow down the influence of fragments on TBM equipment when the rock mass is broken.
Furthermore, before the TBM is constructed, the passive protection device of the cutter needs to be fully tested and debugged, so that the passive protection device of the cutter can play a role in a rock burst event. The movable grille protection shield in the host region is remotely controlled by personnel under protection, and the rock burst protection net is additionally arranged in a rear matching way, so that the safety of the personnel in the rear matching way is ensured.
In the step 5, the time-consuming strong supporting measures mainly comprise: (1) and (5) supporting actively in time, and recovering the confining pressure by emergency spraying and mixing. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, 2 emergency spraying and mixing manipulators are arranged in the L1 area, surrounding rock can be quickly sealed in time by a surrounding rock-outlet shield, and the maximum spraying amount is 20m 3 And/h, the axial moving distance is not less than 2m, the nozzle is 0.8-1.2 m away from the hole wall and can be adjusted, the injection range is 260 degrees, and the TBM is provided with a set of over-period grouting system in the host region to be matched with the steel pipe sheet to fill the collapse region. (2) The high-efficiency anchor screening and spraying support system is used for rapidly closing surrounding rock. The system actively supports in time and rapidly, restores the confining pressure and plays the key role of self-bearing of surrounding rock. 2 emergency spraying and mixing manipulators, a steel arch splicing device (shown in figure 5) and a steel pipe sheet splicing device 1 (shown in figure 7) are arranged in an L1 regionEquipment such as a jumbolter and the like, and can timely and rapidly seal surrounding rock; the L2 area is provided with a jumbolter, equipment such as spraying and mixing in the L2 area and the like for reinforcing and supporting. (3) And assembling and disassembling the steel arch. The steel arch and steel pipe sheet assembling device 1 is positioned below the top shield, the steel arch and steel pipe sheet assembling device 1 is driven by a hydraulic motor, and a bull gear is driven by a pinion, so that the whole ring is rotated, the whole ring walks forwards and backwards along the tunneling direction through a walking oil cylinder, and radial tightening shrinkage is realized through a tightening oil cylinder. The steel arch frame assembly can be carried out, and the steel pipe sheet assembly operation can be completed by adding parts such as a grabbing head and the like. All parts of the steel pipe sheet assembling device 1 are connected through bolts, so that the steel pipe sheet assembling device is convenient to assemble and disassemble. When the steel pipe sheets are not assembled, the steel pipe sheet assembling device is disassembled, the anchor rod drilling machine and the steel arch frame can be normally assembled, and the forward and backward moving stroke is 2m; when assembling the steel-pipe piece, assemble device 1 with the steel-pipe piece and install in place, steel-pipe piece is assembled device 1 and can be moved back and forth, satisfies the steel-pipe piece and assembles the demand. When the steel pipe sheets are required to be assembled, a steel pipe sheet assembling device is arranged at the front end of a swing mechanism of the steel arch frame assembler, and the main components of the steel pipe sheet assembling device are a telescopic arm 10, a connecting rod 11 and a grabbing head 12; when the steel pipe sheets are not assembled, the steel pipe sheet assembling device can be disassembled, and the steel arch frame assembling and the anchor rod construction are not affected.
In the step 5, the strong supporting measure specifically comprises the following steps:
installing a timely active support system: the active supporting system comprises a steel arch, a steel pipe sheet, a hydraulic cylinder, a bracket and a hydraulic pump, wherein the steel arch, the steel pipe sheet and the hydraulic cylinder are arranged below the TBM top shield, and the bracket and the hydraulic pump are arranged in a TBM control chamber.
Emergency spraying and mixing: when the rock burst occurs, the control system of the TBM automatically starts an emergency spraying and mixing recovery confining pressure system, and the emergency spraying and mixing recovery confining pressure system sprays spraying and mixing materials onto surrounding rock through an emergency spraying and mixing manipulator so as to form a firm shell and resist the rock burst pressure; the spray-mixed materials include cement, mortar and quick setting materials. 2 emergency spraying and mixing manipulators are arranged in the L1 area, and surrounding rock can be quickly sealed in time by a surrounding rock-shield outlet body; meanwhile, a set of out-of-life grouting system is arranged in the host region to fill the collapse region by matching with the steel pipe sheets. The spray mixed materials are sprayed onto surrounding rock to form a firm shell to resist huge pressure caused by rock burst, so that timely active support is realized, and the surrounding pressure is recovered.
Installing a support system: the anchor screening and spraying support system is adopted and comprises an anchor rod, an anchor plate, a steel wire mesh and a guniting machine, namely, the anchor rod and the anchor plate are firstly installed, then the steel wire mesh is fixed, and finally, cement paste is injected into holes by the guniting machine, so that the cement paste is tightly combined with the steel wire mesh. This will create a strong support system that effectively protects the TBM and workers. In a TBM tunnel excavation anchor screening and shotcrete support system, anchor rods and plates are important components for reinforcing and supporting surrounding rock mass. Their installation location is typically in an already excavated hole. Specifically, the anchor rod is installed by inserting a steel rod member into the hole and injecting a curing material (such as concrete or resin) around the hole to form a stable anchor. The bolt is typically made of steel bars or deformed steel bars and has a length and diameter to ensure adequate load carrying capacity and tensile strength. The anchor plate is fixed on the wall of the hole by a plate-shaped member made of steel or prestressed concrete, and is connected with the anchor rod to form a firm supporting structure. The purpose of the anchor plate is to withstand the pressure from the rock mass and transfer it to the rock bolt to enhance the stability of the surrounding rock mass.
Further, when the risk of rock burst is reduced, another system will be used to remove the timely active support system and the efficient "anchor screening" support system. The removal process should be careful to protect the TBM and workers.
In the pretreatment tunneling method disclosed by the invention, a unique design and arrangement mode of a TBM cutter are designed. The invention mainly aims at the structural design of a cutterhead for extremely strong rock burst, and mainly comprises the following contents:
better materials and heavy cutterhead bodies are adopted to resist rock burst of the face so as to improve the shock resistance of the cutterhead. In order to improve the shock resistance of the cutterhead, compared with a conventional TBM cutterhead, the panel 9, the backboard 13, the cutter seat rib plates 4, the supporting rib plates 5 and the thickness of a large ring are increased, the thickness of the whole cutterhead panel is 100mm, the thickness of the supporting rib plates is 80mm, the thickness of the cutter seat rib plates is 60mm, the thickness of the large ring is 100mm, the whole thickness of the cutterhead is 1907.5mm, compared with a conventional cutterhead, the thickness of the panel is improved by 30mm, the improvement rate is 33.3%, the thickness of the supporting rib plates is improved by 30mm, the improvement rate is 60%, the thickness of the cutter seat rib plates is improved by 10mm, the improvement rate is 20%, the thickness of the large ring is improved by 20, the improvement rate is 25, the whole thickness is improved by 157.5mm, and the improvement rate is 9%, so that the strength and the rigidity of the cutterhead are greatly improved. The TBM machine cutterhead structure is shown in fig. 9, and the TBM cutterhead further comprises an outer Zhou Daoxiang rib plate 6, a rear cone plate 7 and a cutterhead rear back plate 8.
Further, as shown in fig. 11, in order to improve the stability of the connection of the cutterhead with the spindle, in order to enhance the rigidity and bearing capacity of the connection of the cutterhead with the spindle 3 to cope with larger cutting force and torque, thereby increasing the thickness of the large flange 2, the thickness of the large flange 2 of the present invention is increased to 220mm compared with the conventional TBM. In the invention, the step thickness h of the main shaft is increased by 10mm, and simultaneously, the double-row M48 studs are adopted to draw the pre-tightening large flange 2 and the main shaft.
Further, the main drive is designed in a targeted manner. In order to improve the impact resistance of the main driving structure, a large bearing, double rows of cylindrical rollers are adopted, so that the bearing capacity is large, the unbalanced load capacity is strong, and the impact resistance is good. The cutter head and the main drive are changed from 'studs and bolts' to double rows of studs, and the distribution and the quantity of the studs are optimized.
As shown in fig. 10, the cutterhead of the present invention is designed in an "X" arrangement to cope with extremely strong rock burst. In conventional TBMs, the cutters are typically arranged along the direction of rotation of the TBM. The arrangement mode of the cutters adopts an arrangement mode similar to an X shape, and the cutters are arranged on the cutter frame of the TBM along two oblique directions, so that the cutters can cut rocks along different directions at the same time. The arrangement mode can quickly strengthen the supporting capability of tunneling after rock burst occurs, and prevent the tunneling machine from being excessively extruded and friction, thereby ensuring the safety and progress of tunneling. In order to ensure the precision of the arrangement and mounting of the tool, high precision mechanical and measuring tools are required.
Further, the cutting parameters of the tool are adjusted. According to different geological conditions and tunneling requirements, cutting parameters of the cutter, such as cutting depth, feeding speed, rotating speed and the like, need to be adjusted so as to achieve optimal tunneling effect and supporting capability.
Further, the state and tunneling parameters of the rock are monitored in real time. In the tunneling process, the state of rock and tunneling parameters such as rock stress, rock displacement, cutter abrasion condition and the like need to be monitored in real time, and cutting parameters and supporting measures of the cutter are adjusted in time so as to ensure the tunneling safety and progress.
Further, a strong digging measure is adopted in time after the rock burst occurs. When the rock burst occurs, strong digging measures such as supporting measures, cutter cutting parameters adjustment and the like are needed to be adopted in time so as to prevent the heading machine from being excessively extruded and friction, thereby ensuring the safety and progress of tunneling.
The implementation working steps of the X-shaped cutter head are realized by adopting the following steps:
1. the preparation of the X cutterhead is performed at an early stage, and detailed engineering and preparation work is required before the implementation of the TBM cutterhead is started. This includes determining cutting requirements, geological exploration and evaluation, determining tool specifications and types, planning cutterhead assembly, and the like.
And 2, assembling the X-shaped cutter disc, and assembling the TBM cutter disc according to the design requirement and the formulated plan. This includes mounting the cutter on the cutterhead and adjusting and mounting fittings such as cutterhead spigot, stud, etc. as required.
3. And (3) realizing the installation of the cutterhead, and installing the cutterhead on the TBM after the cutterhead is assembled. This typically requires the use of lifting equipment and specialized tools to accurately mount the cutterhead to the cutterhead seat on the TBM machine body and to perform proper fixturing and calibration.
4. And (3) debugging the cutterhead, and after the cutterhead is installed, debugging and testing the cutterhead. This includes checking the quality of the mounting of the cutter, adjusting the balance of the cutterhead, checking the rotation and cutting performance of the cutterhead, etc. Through proper adjustment and test, the cutter head can be ensured to normally operate and meet the design requirement.
5. Further operation work, once the cutter head is debugged and checked, the TBM can start formal tunnel construction. During the construction process, the cutterhead will continue to perform cutting operations, cutting rock and propelling the tunnel.
6. Further, periodic maintenance is performed: as the construction proceeds, the TBM cutterhead needs to be regularly maintained and serviced to ensure good working conditions and cutting performance. This includes tool changing, cutterhead cleaning, lubrication, inspection, and the like.
The cutter head design is unique and innovative in that the unique design for enhancing the strength of the cutter head and the X-shaped cutter arrangement mode are adopted for the geology of extremely strong rock burst failure, so that the supporting capability of tunneling can be enhanced in time after the rock burst occurs, and the safety and progress of tunneling are ensured. Compared with the prior patent, the cutter head of the invention has the following advantages: (1) the cutter head is designed, so that the strength and the rigidity of the cutter head can be greatly improved, the tunneling capacity and the tunneling efficiency of the cutter head for extremely strong rock burst are improved, and the service life is prolonged; (2) the unique cutter arrangement mode is adopted, so that the supporting capability of tunneling can be rapidly enhanced after rock burst occurs; (3) cutting parameters of the cutter can be flexibly adjusted according to different geological conditions and tunneling requirements so as to achieve optimal tunneling effect and supporting capacity; (4) by monitoring the state of the rock and the tunneling parameters in real time, the cutting parameters and supporting measures of the cutter can be timely adjusted, and the tunneling safety and progress are ensured.
The invention has the following technical effects:
1. real-time intelligent monitoring and analysis: the intelligent perception early warning system realizes real-time monitoring and analysis of extremely strong rock burst by reserving a microseismic detection interface, and can provide visual rock burst and rock burst prevention and control information, thereby improving the tunneling safety;
2. The overall thickness and the height of the cutterhead of the heading machine are improved: the cutter head is in an X-shaped cutter head form, the overall thickness and the overall height of the cutter head are improved, and the bearing capacity and the stability of the cutter head can be improved, so that the tunneling efficiency is improved;
3. size and number of studs of the reinforced spigot: the size of the spigot and the number of the studs are enhanced, and the bearing capacity and stability of the spigot can be improved, so that the safety and efficiency of tunneling are further improved;
4. pouring and filling the collapse area by using a grouting system matched with the steel pipe sheet: the grouting system is matched with the steel pipe sheets to irrigate and fill the collapse area, and the supporting system is utilized to carry out timely strong supporting, so that the collapse condition in the tunneling process can be prevented, and the tunneling safety is ensured;
5. leading the stress release hole to perform active stress release: the active stress release is carried out through the advanced stress release hole, so that the blasting relieving effect can be achieved, and the tunneling safety is further improved; 6. remote operation is carried out by setting the anti-rock burst grille protective shell so as to achieve passive protection: the anti-rock burst grating protective shell is arranged for remote operation to achieve passive protection, so that the tunneling safety can be further improved.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An intelligent perception early warning system which is characterized in that: comprises a rock burst monitoring sensor, an intelligent sensing module, an early warning controller and a communication module, wherein the intelligent sensing module is respectively connected with the rock burst monitoring sensor, the early warning controller and the communication module,
the rock burst monitoring sensor comprises: the intelligent sensing module is used for measuring micro-vibration and elastic wave signals of rock burst and transmitting measurement data to the intelligent sensing module;
the intelligent perception module is used for: receiving data transmitted by the rock burst monitoring sensor, processing the data collected by the rock burst monitoring sensor by using a deep learning algorithm, identifying the type and intensity information of rock burst, and transmitting an analysis result to the early warning controller;
the early warning controller: controlling the running state of the TBM and giving an alarm according to the analysis result of the intelligent sensing module;
the communication module is as follows: and transmitting the analysis result and alarm information of the intelligent perception module to an operator.
2. An intelligent perception early warning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, installing a rock burst monitoring sensor and an early warning controller at a reserved interface of a TBM, and continuously monitoring elastic waves generated by rock burst in a rock burst inoculation process within a set range of a tunnel face within a set time by utilizing a micro-vibration detection method;
Training the intelligent perception module before TBM excavation;
transmitting the data acquired by the rock burst monitoring sensor to an intelligent sensing module, screening, filtering and processing the data by the intelligent sensing module, removing noise interference, extracting an elastic wave signal of the rock, and analyzing and processing the elastic wave signal;
step four, a feature library of rock elastic wave signals is established, modeling and training are carried out by using a machine learning algorithm, and an intelligent perception early warning system is established;
step five, connecting the intelligent perception early warning system in the step four with a control system of the TBM;
step six, the intelligent perception module receives data transmitted by the rock burst monitoring sensor, analyzes the data, gives an alarm according to an analysis result, and if the alarm is triggered, the early warning controller controls the running state of the TBM and gives an alarm signal;
step seven: the communication module transmits the analysis result and alarm information of the intelligent perception module to an operator, and the operator carries out remote monitoring and control.
3. The intelligent perception early warning method according to claim 2, characterized in that in the first step, a rock burst monitoring sensor and an early warning controller are installed on a cutter head, a shield, a rear support and a reserved interface of an electric hydraulic system of a TBM, and the advanced perception prediction is performed by utilizing a micro-vibration detection method to continuously monitor elastic waves generated by rock burst in the rock burst inoculation process within a range of about 10m in front of a tunnel face within 24 hours;
In the second step, the intelligent sensing module can automatically learn and identify different types of rock burst signals by using a deep learning algorithm, and predict the scale and possible dangerous degree of rock burst according to the signal intensity.
4. The pretreatment tunneling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, geological exploration is carried out, and an intelligent perception early warning system is installed; before tunneling, geological exploration is carried out on a tunneling section, relevant information of surrounding rock is obtained, and the intelligent perception early warning system of claim 1 is installed to realize rapid early warning and timely control of rock explosion;
step 2, preprocessing surrounding rock of a tunneling section by adopting blasting, cutting and grouting processing modes;
step 3, performing advanced ground stress release;
step 4, reinforcing and supporting the rock mass by adopting passive protective measures in the tunneling process;
step 5, in the tunneling process, taking strong supporting measures in time according to actual tunneling conditions;
and 6, in the tunneling process, monitoring and early warning the states of the tunneling machine and surrounding rock by adopting the intelligent perception system real-time monitoring system.
5. The method of pre-treatment tunneling according to claim 4, wherein in said step 3, specifically comprising:
Step 30, before TBM installation, stress relief blasting is carried out through the advanced stress relief hole; drilling holes on the face of the cutterhead by using an advanced drilling machine, performing presplitting blasting, and performing stress release by adding explosive into the drilling holes to reduce the rock blasting grade;
step 31, after the TBM is installed, arranging cutters according to set intervals and angles to realize advanced ground stress release; the cutter is arranged on the cutter head of the TBM along two oblique directions, so that the cutter can cut rocks along different directions at the same time, and the rotating speed and the feeding speed of the cutter head are controlled by the motor, so that the advanced ground stress release is realized.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein in step 31, the thickness of the panel of the TBM cutterhead is 120mm, the thickness of the support rib is 80mm, the thickness of the blade seat rib is 60mm, the thickness of the large ring is 100mm, and the thickness of the whole cutterhead is 1907.5mm.
7. A method of pre-treatment tunneling according to claim 4 and wherein in said step 4 said passive safeguard comprises:
passive protection measures of the cutter: a cutter passive protection device for absorbing rock fragments when rock burst occurs is arranged on a cutter of the TBM;
Rock burst early warning measures: a rock burst early warning system for finding rock burst risks in advance is arranged at a reserved interface of the TBM;
surrounding rock supporting measures: installing a rock mass covering, a protective steel plate and a protective net to cope with serious rock burst events; the rock mass is covered with glass fiber reinforced plastic, a protective steel plate with set thickness is arranged at the front end and the top of the TBM, and a protective net is arranged on the surface of the rock mass.
8. The pretreatment tunneling method according to claim 7, wherein in the rock burst early warning measure, the rock burst early warning system comprises a stress monitoring system, a vibration monitoring system, a video monitoring system, wherein,
the stress monitoring system: judging the stability of the rock mass and whether the rock burst risk exists or not by measuring the change of the rock mass stress;
the vibration monitoring system: judging whether the rock mass is broken or exploded or not by measuring the frequency and amplitude of the vibration of the rock mass;
the video monitoring system comprises: through the installation camera, monitor and video the rock mass around the TBM equipment in real time.
9. The method of claim 4, wherein in step 5, the strong support means comprises:
installing a timely active support system: the active supporting system comprises a steel arch, a steel pipe sheet, a hydraulic cylinder, a bracket and a hydraulic pump, wherein the steel arch, the steel pipe sheet and the hydraulic cylinder are arranged below the TBM top shield, and the bracket and the hydraulic pump are arranged in a TBM control chamber;
Emergency spraying and mixing: when the rock burst occurs, the control system of the TBM automatically starts an emergency spraying and mixing recovery confining pressure system, and the emergency spraying and mixing recovery confining pressure system sprays spraying and mixing materials onto surrounding rock through an emergency spraying and mixing manipulator so as to form a firm shell and resist the rock burst pressure;
installing a support system: the anchor screening and spraying support system is adopted and comprises an anchor rod, an anchor plate, a steel wire mesh and a guniting machine, namely, the anchor rod and the anchor plate are firstly installed, then the steel wire mesh is fixed, and finally, cement paste is injected into holes by the guniting machine, so that the cement paste is tightly combined with the steel wire mesh.
10. The pretreatment tunneling method according to claim 9, wherein in the step of installing the timely active support system, steel pipe sheets are installed and removed by using a detachable steel pipe sheet assembling device, and steel arches are installed by using a steel arch assembler; the pretreatment tunneling method further comprises the step of adopting a movable grid protection shield and/or a movable protection shed and a rock burst prevention grid protection shell for passive protection.
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