CN117514148B - Oil-gas well working fluid level identification and diagnosis method based on multidimensional credibility fusion - Google Patents
Oil-gas well working fluid level identification and diagnosis method based on multidimensional credibility fusion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-dimensional reliability fusion-based oil-gas well working fluid level identification diagnosis method, which comprises six steps of filtering and noise reduction of fluid level test signals, calculation of candidate fluid level position list, calculation of candidate fluid level waveform time domain feature reliability, calculation of candidate fluid level historical fluid level test data feature reliability, calculation of candidate fluid level depth dynamic characteristic reliability, multi-dimensional feature reliability information fusion analysis and the like, wherein the candidate fluid level position list is calculated, reliability calculation is carried out on each candidate fluid level from multiple dimensions of fluid level reflected wave time domain morphology, historical real fluid level position and fluid level change dynamic characteristic, and finally, comprehensive diagnosis of fluid level position is carried out through an information fusion method, and the candidate fluid level with the highest comprehensive reliability is identified and diagnosed as the final real fluid level. The invention effectively improves the accuracy and reliability of the identification of the real liquid level position under the conditions of complex well conditions and strong interference.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well exploitation, in particular to an oil and gas well working fluid level identification and diagnosis method based on multidimensional credibility fusion.
Background
In oil well exploitation production, the working fluid level position is a core index for carrying out adaptability evaluation and optimization of oil exploitation process flow. Inaccuracy in the measurement of the depth of the working fluid level can cause the pumping unit to "empty. In the production of a gas well, the position of the working fluid level of the oil sleeve annulus is an important parameter index for judging the accumulated liquid of an oil pipe and is also a key parameter for adjusting the production flow of the gas well.
In the prior art, two common measuring modes of the working fluid level depth are adopted, one is to test by using a lower tool instrument, such as a pressure gauge, chinese patent CN107191179A discloses a method for testing the working fluid level of an oil and gas well, an instrument string is put in the process of testing the output profile of the oil and gas well, and when the parameters of each instrument in the instrument string change, the instrument string is judged to pass through the working fluid level; and establishing a relation chart of the working fluid level sag and the wellhead pressure through a working fluid level sag calculation model, and further obtaining the working fluid level sag according to the wellhead pressure. However, the mode is not enough in test convenience, long-term dynamic monitoring of the liquid level depth cannot be realized, and the cost of each operation is high.
The other is to carry out depth measurement by an acoustic echo method, and install a liquid level monitoring device at a wellhead, so that long-term real-time dynamic monitoring of the working liquid level of the oil-gas well can be realized. Because of the complexity of the actual production process and the field environment of the oil and gas well, the accuracy and the stability of the dynamic liquid level monitoring of the oil and gas well by the echo method in real time are affected to a certain extent. The accurate measurement of the depth of the working fluid surface has two main influencing factors: firstly, the identification accuracy of the position of the working fluid level, and secondly, the accurate measurement of the annular sound velocity at the upper part of the working fluid level. Under normal well conditions, no large environmental noise exists, the strong characteristic of the dynamic liquid level reflection signal is obvious, the accurate identification of the liquid level position can be realized by adopting a single characteristic liquid level identification method, but for the test signals with complicated well conditions and sporadic low-frequency large-amplitude interference in the test signals, the identification accuracy of the single characteristic liquid level identification method is low, and for the liquid level test signals with multiple low-frequency interference, the identification accuracy of the single characteristic liquid level identification method is also not high.
Therefore, the existing working fluid level identification and diagnosis method based on the acoustic echo method cannot effectively identify the real fluid level position of the fluid level test signal which is in a complex well condition and continuously has strong interference.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provide the oil-gas well working fluid level identification diagnosis method based on multidimensional credibility fusion, which is used for calculating credibility of all fluid level reflection waveforms in a candidate fluid level list from different dimensions, comprehensively diagnosing the real fluid level position through an information fusion method, and diagnosing the fluid level identification with highest comprehensive credibility as the final real fluid level, thereby reducing the error rate of fluid level position identification and improving the reliability and accuracy of fluid level identification.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an oil-gas well working fluid level identification and diagnosis method based on multidimensional credibility fusion, which comprises the following steps:
s1: installing a two-channel liquid level measuring device at the position of an oil gas well sleeve opening, acquiring acoustic logging data, performing hardware filtering processing on signals of the acoustic logging data, and acquiring a two-channel liquid level wave time domain signal x and a band-saving wave time domain signal y respectively;
s2: preprocessing a signal x and a signal y respectively, performing DC-plus-filter processing on the acquired A-channel liquid level wave time domain signal x, and performing digital filter preprocessing on the filtering method based on a soft threshold wavelet algorithm to obtain a processed signalPerforming DC amplification filtering treatment on the B-channel band-saving time domain signal y, and performing digital filtering pretreatment by VMD variation modal decomposition to obtain a treated signal ∈>；
S3: by means of signalsObtaining a candidate liquid level position list c by adopting a length self-adaptive sliding window algorithm n N is a subscript of a natural number representing the candidate liquid level position, and the candidate liquid level position list c is respectively evaluated based on the established liquid level wave time domain signal morphological characteristic credibility evaluation method n Confidence level of each candidate liquid levelCalculating to obtain a morphological feature credibility list phi n Morphology feature credibility list Φ n The method comprises the steps of liquid level wave amplitude characteristic credibility and liquid level wave equidistant repetitive characteristic credibility;
the liquid surface wave time domain signal morphological characteristic credibility evaluation method specifically comprises a liquid surface wave amplitude characteristic credibility evaluation method and a liquid surface wave equidistant repeatability characteristic credibility evaluation method;
s31: the liquid level amplitude characteristic credibility evaluation method comprises the following steps: the relative value of the amplitude of each candidate liquid level position in the time domain is determined by the ratio of the amplitude of each candidate liquid level position to the next-largest change amplitude of the whole liquid level waveform curve, the corresponding reliability is determined by the relative value and the absolute value of the amplitude of each candidate liquid level position, the absolute value of the amplitude is the peak-peak value of the candidate liquid level, and the calculation method of the characteristic reliability kappa (Ppv, amp) of the liquid level amplitude is as follows:
（1）；
wherein, ppv represents the relative amplitude value of the candidate liquid level position in the time domain, amp represents the absolute value of the local amplitude value of the candidate liquid level position in the time domain, k represents a settable parameter, dynamic adjustment of the credibility corresponding to peak values of different liquid level peaks is realized by changing the value of the parameter k, and e represents a natural constant;
s32: the method for evaluating the reliability of the equidistant repeatability characteristics of the liquid surface wave comprises the following steps: counting the number of the equidistant repeated liquid level positions in the whole liquid level test time domain curve, and calculating the credibility of the equidistant repeated liquid level position by the repeated liquid level number, wherein the calculation formula of the credibility of the equidistant repeated characteristics of the liquid level wave is as follows:
（2）；
wherein χ represents the reliability of equidistant repetitive characteristics of the liquid surface wave, f and l represent the weight coefficients of the reliability respectively, the weight coefficients are adjusted according to different test well conditions, the value is 1.5 according to test experience, and g represents the number of equidistant repetitive liquid surface positions in the whole liquid surface test time domain curve;
s4: respectively reading a history test liquid level position data list L m And corresponding historical trusted data list R m M is a natural number representing the number of historical data read; the method comprises the steps of utilizing historical liquid level data in aging, and respectively evaluating a candidate liquid level position list c based on an established historical test liquid level position information characteristic credibility evaluation method n The credibility of each candidate liquid level is calculated to obtain a historical information characteristic credibility list phi n ；
The evaluation method of the credibility of the historical test liquid level position information features comprises the following steps: from a list L of historical test level position data m And corresponding historical trusted data list R m In which the number of historical level tests meeting the aging requirement is counted as z (0zm), namely the time interval between the historical test time and the current test time is less than 2 days; counting the number of historical test liquid levels, which are less than 1% of the deviation of all candidate liquid level positions in the current test, from the historical test liquid level data to be h i （0h i z), according to the historical liquid level position information, the confidence calculation formulas corresponding to all the candidate liquid levels are currently tested as follows:
（3）；
wherein, c i Represents the position of the ith candidate liquid level, h i Indicating the number of the historical liquid levels which are corresponding to the ith candidate liquid level and meet the statistical condition, wherein z indicates the number of the historical test liquid levels which meet the aging requirement;
s5: determining a reference level position L of the current measurement from the historical test level positions ref The candidate liquid level position list c is respectively subjected to a credibility evaluation method based on the established liquid level position depth dynamic characteristics n The credibility of each candidate liquid level is calculated to obtain a liquid level position dynamic characteristic credibility list gamma n ；
The liquid level position depth dynamic characteristic credibility evaluation method comprises the following steps: when the liquid level measurement is carried out for the first time, taking the candidate liquid level with the largest peak-peak value in the current measurement candidate liquid level result as the reference liquid level position L of the current measurement ref The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the test is already carried out, the historical liquid level with the reliability higher than a is selected from the historical liquid level positions meeting the aging requirement to be the reference liquid level position L of the measurement ref The parameter a is a settable parameter; if no historical liquid level with the reliability degree being greater than a exists, selecting the historical liquid level with the maximum reliability degree from the historical liquid level positions meeting the aging requirement as the reference liquid level position L of the measurement ref The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the dynamic characteristics of the liquid level position and depth, the reliability calculation method of different candidate liquid level positions comprises the following steps:
（4）；
wherein, c i Indicating the position of the ith candidate liquid level, beta represents a settable parameter, the magnitude of the beta value of the parameter is set according to the dynamic characteristics of the change of the liquid level of the oil well, L ref The reference liquid level position is the current time;
s6: morphology feature credibility list phi obtained by utilizing steps S3-S5 n Historical information feature credibility list phi n And a liquid level position dynamic characteristic credibility list gamma n Calculating the comprehensive credibility of each candidate liquid level by adopting an established multidimensional credibility information fusion evaluation method, determining the candidate liquid level position with the maximum comprehensive credibility as a real liquid level position, outputting and recording the liquid level position and the comprehensive credibility result, and using the result for the credibility calculation of the historical liquid level characteristics of the next group of test data;
the multidimensional credibility information fusion evaluation method comprises the following steps: obtaining probability values of each candidate liquid level under a DS evidence fusion strategy of each credibility through a DS evidence fusion theory, wherein the probability values comprise:
determining an identification framework= { true level position, false level position }, respectively indicating the degree to which the candidate level is true and false;
taking the confidence calculation formulas of different dimensions of each candidate liquid level as basic probability functions, taking various confidence calculation results of each candidate liquid level as basic probability assignment of each candidate liquid level as a true liquid level, and taking the basic confidence value as basic confidence;
and calculating a DS evidence fusion result of each candidate liquid level by adopting a multi-evidence combination mode to obtain a probability value of each candidate liquid level under a DS evidence fusion strategy, namely, the comprehensive credibility of each candidate liquid level, and selecting the candidate liquid level with the largest comprehensive credibility from all candidate liquid levels as the final real liquid level position.
Step S1, the sampling frequency of the liquid level wave time domain signal and the hoop-saving time domain signal is f s The data sample length is N.
The signal preprocessing method in step S2 comprises the following steps: because the main effective component in the liquid surface wave time domain signal is a low-frequency component, the high-frequency interference component needs to be removed, for the A channel liquid surface wave time domain signal x, the low-frequency component below 5Hz is selected as the effective signal, and the high-frequency component exceeding 5Hz is selected as the noise part to be removed, thus obtaining the processed signalFor a B channel band-segment wave time domain signal y, after digital filtering pretreatment, L modal IMF signal components are obtained, according to the basic principle of band-segment reflected wave generation, the IMF signal component with the center frequency between 10Hz and 30Hz is determined as an effective signal component, and the effective component is reconstructed to obtain a treated signal ++>
The candidate liquid level position list determining method in the step S3 is as follows: and searching all local maximum points in the liquid surface wave time domain curve through the length self-adaptive sliding window, and obtaining a sampling point position list corresponding to the maximum points as a candidate liquid surface position list.
The calculating DS evidence fusion result by adopting the multi-evidence combining mode comprises the following steps:
the DS evidence fusion result has the following calculation formula:
where C represents an event proposition hypothesis, j represents the number of evidence bodies, and m represents a mass function.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the double-channel liquid level measuring device is arranged at the pipe orifice of the oil gas well sleeve to obtain sound wave logging data, the multi-dimensional reliability information fusion calculation is carried out through the double-channel liquid level wave time domain signal x and the joint wave time domain signal y, the problem that continuous interference exists in a test signal under the condition of a complex well condition is effectively solved, the accuracy of liquid level position identification by a single characteristic diagnosis method is low, the multi-dimensional characteristic reliability can calculate the reliability of a real liquid level from different dimensions such as a massive historical test data set, liquid level change dynamic characteristics, the sensitive characteristics of the test signal and the like, and finally, the liquid level position comprehensive diagnosis is carried out through information fusion, so that the error rate of liquid level position identification is effectively reduced, and the accuracy and reliability of liquid level automatic identification diagnosis are further enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dual channel fluid level measurement device acoustic logging system;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of automatic identification and diagnosis of a multi-dimensional credibility information fusion working fluid level;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of raw liquid level data before filtering and noise reduction of liquid level wave time domain morphology;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of raw data of a joint hoop before liquid level wave time domain morphological filtering noise reduction;
FIG. 5 is a data diagram of the liquid level filtering signal after noise reduction by liquid level wave time domain morphological filtering;
FIG. 6 is a data diagram of a segment-band filtered signal after liquid level wave time domain morphological filtering and noise reduction;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the reliability of the amplitude characteristic of a time domain waveform versus the absolute amplitude and relative amplitude;
FIG. 8 is a graph of reliability versus number of repetitions of a time domain waveform repetition characteristic;
FIG. 9 is a graph of historical data characteristic reliability versus the number of historical test results meeting statistical conditions;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the reliability of the dynamic characteristics of the liquid level and the variation value of the test result.
In the figure: 1-pumping unit 2-transmitting sound wave 3-sound wave generating and receiving device 4-receiving sound wave 5-sleeve 6-joint hoop 7-oil pipe 8-working fluid level.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Examples
A multi-dimensional credibility fusion-based oil and gas well working fluid level identification and diagnosis method comprises the following steps:
s1: installing a two-channel liquid level measuring device at the position of an oil gas well sleeve opening, acquiring acoustic logging data, performing hardware filtering processing on signals of the acoustic logging data, and acquiring a two-channel liquid level wave time domain signal x and a band-saving wave time domain signal y respectively;
s2: preprocessing a signal x and a signal y respectively, performing DC-plus-filter processing on the acquired A-channel liquid level wave time domain signal x, and performing digital filter preprocessing on the filtering method based on a soft threshold wavelet algorithm to obtain a processed signalPerforming DC amplification filtering treatment on the B-channel band-saving time domain signal y, and performing digital filtering pretreatment by VMD variation modal decomposition to obtain a treated signal ∈>；
S3: by means of signalsObtaining a candidate liquid level position list c by adopting a length self-adaptive sliding window algorithm n N is a subscript of a natural number representing the candidate liquid level position, and the candidate liquid level position list c is respectively evaluated based on the established liquid level wave time domain signal morphological characteristic credibility evaluation method n Performing reliability calculation on each candidate liquid level to obtain a morphological feature reliability list phi n Morphology feature credibility list Φ n The method comprises the steps of liquid level wave amplitude characteristic credibility and liquid level wave equidistant repetitive characteristic credibility;
the liquid surface wave time domain signal morphological characteristic credibility evaluation method specifically comprises a liquid surface wave amplitude characteristic credibility evaluation method and a liquid surface wave equidistant repeatability characteristic credibility evaluation method;
s31: the liquid level amplitude characteristic credibility evaluation method comprises the following steps: the relative value of the amplitude of each candidate liquid level position in the time domain is determined by the ratio of the amplitude of each candidate liquid level position to the next-largest change amplitude of the whole liquid level waveform curve, the corresponding reliability is determined by the relative value and the absolute value of the amplitude of each candidate liquid level position, the absolute value of the amplitude is the peak-peak value of the candidate liquid level, and the calculation method of the characteristic reliability kappa (Ppv, amp) of the liquid level amplitude is as follows:
（1）；
wherein, ppv represents the relative amplitude value of the candidate liquid level position in the time domain, amp represents the absolute value of the local amplitude value of the candidate liquid level position in the time domain, k represents a settable parameter, dynamic adjustment of the credibility corresponding to peak values of different liquid level peaks is realized by changing the value of the parameter k, and e represents a natural constant;
s32: the method for evaluating the reliability of the equidistant repeatability characteristics of the liquid surface wave comprises the following steps: counting the number of the equidistant repeated liquid level positions in the whole liquid level test time domain curve, and calculating the credibility of the equidistant repeated liquid level position by the repeated liquid level number, wherein the calculation formula of the credibility of the equidistant repeated characteristics of the liquid level wave is as follows:
（2）；
wherein χ represents the reliability of equidistant repetitive characteristics of the liquid surface wave, f and l represent the weight coefficients of the reliability respectively, the weight coefficients are adjusted according to different test well conditions, the value is 1.5 according to test experience, and g represents the number of equidistant repetitive liquid surface positions in the whole liquid surface test time domain curve;
s4: respectively reading a history test liquid level position data list L m And corresponding historical trusted data list R m M is a natural number representing the number of historical data read; the method comprises the steps of utilizing historical liquid level data in aging, and respectively evaluating a candidate liquid level position list c based on an established historical test liquid level position information characteristic credibility evaluation method n The credibility of each candidate liquid level is calculated to obtain a historical information characteristic credibility list phi n ；
The evaluation method of the credibility of the historical test liquid level position information features comprises the following steps: from a list L of historical test level position data m And corresponding historical trusted data list R m In which the number of historical level tests meeting the aging requirement is counted as z (0zm), namely the time interval between the historical test time and the current test time is less than 2 days; counting the number of historical test liquid levels, which are less than 1% of the deviation of all candidate liquid level positions in the current test, from the historical test liquid level data to be h i （0h i z), according to the historical liquid level position information, the confidence calculation formulas corresponding to all the candidate liquid levels are currently tested as follows:
（3）；
wherein, c i Represents the position of the ith candidate liquid level, h i Indicating the number of the historical liquid levels which are corresponding to the ith candidate liquid level and meet the statistical condition, wherein z indicates the number of the historical test liquid levels which meet the aging requirement;
s5: determining a reference level position L of the current measurement from the historical test level positions ref The candidate liquid level position list c is respectively subjected to a credibility evaluation method based on the established liquid level position depth dynamic characteristics n The credibility of each candidate liquid level is calculated to obtain a liquid level position dynamic characteristic credibility list gamma n ；
The liquid level position depth dynamic characteristic credibility evaluation method comprises the following steps: when the liquid level measurement is carried out for the first time, taking the candidate liquid level with the largest peak-peak value in the current measurement candidate liquid level result as the reference liquid level position L of the current measurement ref The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the test is already carried out, the historical liquid level with the reliability higher than a is selected from the historical liquid level positions meeting the aging requirement to be the reference liquid level position L of the measurement ref The parameter a is a settable parameter; if no historical liquid level with the reliability degree being greater than a exists, selecting the historical liquid level with the maximum reliability degree from the historical liquid level positions meeting the aging requirement as the reference liquid level position L of the measurement ref The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the dynamic characteristics of the liquid level position and depth, the reliability calculation method of different candidate liquid level positions comprises the following steps:
（4）；
wherein, c i Indicating the position of the ith candidate liquid level, beta represents a settable parameter, the magnitude of the beta value of the parameter is set according to the dynamic characteristics of the change of the liquid level of the oil well, L ref The reference liquid level position is the current time;
s6: morphology feature credibility list phi obtained by utilizing steps S3-S5 n Historical information feature credibility list phi n And a liquid level position dynamic characteristic credibility list gamma n The established multidimensional credibility information fusion evaluation method is adopted to calculate the comprehensive credibility of each candidate liquid level,determining a candidate liquid level position with the maximum comprehensive credibility as a real liquid level position, outputting and recording the liquid level position and the comprehensive credibility result, and using the result for the credibility calculation of the historical liquid level characteristics of the next group of test data;
the multidimensional credibility information fusion evaluation method comprises the following steps: obtaining probability values of each candidate liquid level under a DS evidence fusion strategy of each credibility through a DS evidence fusion theory, wherein the probability values comprise:
determining an identification framework= { true level position, false level position }, respectively indicating the degree to which the candidate level is true and false;
taking the confidence calculation formulas of different dimensions of each candidate liquid level as basic probability functions, taking various confidence calculation results of each candidate liquid level as basic probability assignment of each candidate liquid level as a true liquid level, and taking the basic confidence value as basic confidence;
and calculating a DS evidence fusion result of each candidate liquid level by adopting a multi-evidence combination mode to obtain a probability value of each candidate liquid level under a DS evidence fusion strategy, namely, the comprehensive credibility of each candidate liquid level, and selecting the candidate liquid level with the largest comprehensive credibility from all candidate liquid levels as the final real liquid level position.
Step S1, the sampling frequency of the liquid level wave time domain signal and the hoop-saving time domain signal is f s The data sample length is N.
The signal preprocessing method in step S2 comprises the following steps: because the main effective component in the liquid surface wave time domain signal is a low-frequency component, the high-frequency interference component needs to be removed, for the A channel liquid surface wave time domain signal x, the low-frequency component below 5Hz is selected as the effective signal, and the high-frequency component exceeding 5Hz is selected as the noise part to be removed, thus obtaining the processed signalFor the B channel band-segment wave time domain signal y, after digital filtering pretreatment, L modal IMF signal components are obtained, according to the basic principle of band-segment reflected wave generation, the IMF signal component with the center frequency between 10Hz and 30Hz is determined as an effective signal component, and the band-segment reflected wave is provided withReconstructing the effective component to obtain a processed signal +.>
The candidate liquid level position list determining method in the step S3 is as follows: and searching all local maximum points in the liquid surface wave time domain curve through the length self-adaptive sliding window, and obtaining a sampling point position list corresponding to the maximum points as a candidate liquid surface position list.
The calculating DS evidence fusion result by adopting the multi-evidence combining mode comprises the following steps:
the DS evidence fusion result has the following calculation formula:
where C represents an event proposition hypothesis, j represents the number of evidence bodies, and m represents a mass function.
The specific principle and process are that a sound wave logging system of the double-channel liquid level measuring device are shown in figure 1, an oil pipe 7 of an oil pumping unit 1 enters an oil layer working fluid level 8 of an oil well, the double-channel liquid level measuring device is arranged at the sleeve mouth of the oil well, a sound wave generating and receiving device 3 is arranged in the double-channel liquid level measuring device, the sound wave generating and receiving device 3 comprises a sound wave generator, a microphone, a hardware filtering sampling circuit module, a data wireless remote transmission module and the like, the sound wave generator is used for generating sound waves, the microphone is used for receiving reflected sound waves of the inner sleeve 5, a joint hoop 6 and the oil layer working fluid level 8 of the oil pipe 7 and converting the reflected sound waves into electric signals, and the hardware filtering sampling circuit module is used for amplifying and collecting the electric signals generated by the microphone and carrying out hardware filtering processing on the signals; the whole liquid level testing process is that the sound wave generating and receiving device 3 generates the transmitting sound wave 2, the transmitting sound wave 2 propagates along the oil sleeve annulus to the underground, the sound wave can be reflected when encountering the sleeve 5, the joint hoop 6 and the working liquid level 8, the sound wave generating and receiving device 3 arranged at the well head receives the reflected receiving sound wave 4, the received reflecting joint hoop wave can calculate the sound velocity, and the depth of the working liquid level can be obtained through the received liquid level reflecting wave. The original signals of the two-channel liquid level wave time domain signal x and the festival hoop wave time domain signal y can be obtained through the testing process, the signal sampling frequency is 500Hz, namely, the acquired data amount in one second is 500, and the total length of the single-time liquid level wave time domain signal x and the festival hoop wave time domain signal y is 10000; the signal data is remotely transmitted to a server PC end through a wireless remote transmission module, so that the automatic diagnosis of the true liquid level position can be carried out by using the automatic identification diagnosis method for the oil-gas working fluid level with the multi-dimensional credibility fusion, and a flow chart of the automatic identification diagnosis for the working fluid level with the multi-dimensional credibility information fusion is shown in figure 2. The specific steps are as follows:
(1) The method comprises the steps of carrying out direct current removal and direct current addition filtering treatment on an A-channel liquid surface wave original time domain signal x acquired by a sound wave generating and receiving device 3, carrying out digital filtering pretreatment on the filtering method based on a soft threshold wavelet algorithm, selecting a low-frequency component as an effective signal, and removing a high-frequency component as a noise part to obtain a treated signalPerforming direct current amplification filtering treatment on the collected B-channel band-saving wave time domain signal y, performing digital filtering pretreatment by VMD variation modal decomposition to obtain L modal IMF signal components, determining the IMF signal component with the center frequency between 10Hz and 30Hz as an effective signal component according to the basic principle of band-saving reflected wave generation, and reconstructing the effective component to obtain a treated signal->The data processing effect is shown in comparison with fig. 3-6.
(2) By means of filtered level signalsObtaining a candidate liquid level position list c by adopting a length self-adaptive sliding window algorithm n N is a subscript of the natural number representing the candidate liquid level position, and feature extraction and reliability calculation are carried out on each candidate liquid level from multiple dimensions:
calculating the credibility of each candidate liquid level through the morphological characteristics of the liquid level wave time domain signals:
the characteristic credibility of the liquid level wave amplitude value is calculated through the relative value and the absolute value of the amplitude value of the candidate liquid level position, the amplitude value relative value of each candidate liquid level position in the time domain is determined through the ratio of the amplitude value of each candidate liquid level position to the next-largest change amplitude value of the whole liquid level waveform curve, the amplitude absolute value is the peak-peak value of the candidate liquid level, and the calculation method of the characteristic credibility kappa (Ppv, amp) of the liquid level wave amplitude value is as follows:
；
the relation between the reliability of the amplitude characteristic of the time-domain waveform and the absolute amplitude and the relative amplitude is shown in fig. 7, and the positive correlation between the reliability of the amplitude characteristic of the liquid level waveform and the absolute value of the peak-peak value of the time-domain amplitude of the liquid level waveform and the relative value of the peak-peak value of the time-domain amplitude of the liquid level waveform can be known from fig. 7.
The reliability of the liquid surface wave repeatability characteristic is calculated by counting the number of the positions of the repeated liquid surfaces at equal intervals in the whole liquid surface test time domain curve, and the reliability of the liquid surface wave repeatability characteristic is calculated by the number of the repeated liquid surfaces, and the calculation formula of the reliability of the liquid surface wave repeatability characteristic is as follows:
χ＝1-f×e -l×g ；
in the formula, χ represents the reliability of equidistant repetitive characteristics of the liquid surface wave, f and l respectively represent the weight coefficient of the reliability, which is adjusted according to different test well conditions, the value is 1.5 according to test experience, g represents the number of equidistant repetitive liquid surface positions in the whole liquid surface test time domain curve, the relation between the reliability and the number of the repetitive liquid surfaces is shown in figure 8, and as can be seen from figure 8, the more the number of the repetitions is, the higher the reliability is.
The historical effective test data information is fully utilized to carry out identification and diagnosis on the current test data, and the credibility corresponding to all candidate liquid level positions of the current test is calculated according to the historical liquid level position information:
the relation diagram of the historical data characteristic credibility and the number of the historical test results meeting the statistical condition is shown in fig. 9, and the more the number of the corresponding historical effective test results, the more the position deviation of each candidate liquid level is within 1%, the higher the credibility of the candidate liquid level is.
Calculating the reliability of each candidate liquid level position by utilizing the dynamic characteristics of the liquid level position and depth, and taking the candidate liquid level with the maximum peak-to-peak value in the current measurement candidate liquid level result as the reference liquid level position L of the current measurement when the liquid level measurement is carried out for the first time ref If the measurement is already performed, a historical liquid level with the reliability higher than a is selected from the historical liquid level positions meeting the aging requirement to be the reference liquid level position L of the measurement ref The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If not, selecting the historical liquid level with the maximum credibility from the historical liquid level positions meeting the aging requirement as the reference liquid level position L of the measurement ref The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the dynamic characteristics of the liquid level position and depth, the reliability calculation method of different candidate liquid level positions comprises the following steps:
in this embodiment, the value of a is 80%, the value of β is 150000, the relation curve between the reliability of the dynamic characteristics of the liquid level and the variation value of the test results is shown in fig. 10, and it can be seen from the graph that the higher the approach degree between the current test result and the last effective test result, the higher the reliability.
And (3) taking the multidimensional credibility of each candidate liquid level obtained in the previous step (2) as an evidence body, carrying out DS evidence fusion to solve the comprehensive credibility of each candidate liquid level, calculating, and determining the candidate liquid level position with the maximum comprehensive credibility as a real liquid level position.
In this embodiment, the present invention is verified with the test signal shown in fig. 3, and first, the identification frame, Θ= { a, B, where a is denoted as the true liquid level and B is denoted as the false liquid level, is determined. By querying the historical test data, the first 9 historical test results of the current test are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 historical effective test results
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the candidate liquid level list is obtained by searching the local maximum point of the liquid level wave time domain curve through a sliding window with the length of 100 1 ，L 2 ，L 3 ，L 4 ]＝[3005，5566，7530，8525]The initial probability distribution of each candidate liquid level obtained according to the multi-dimensional credibility calculation method is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 basic probability values for each candidate level
The result of DS evidence fusion is shown in Table 3, and it is known that the maximum comprehensive credibility is the candidate liquid level L after DS evidence fusion 2 I.e. L 2 Is the final true liquid level position.
TABLE 3 DS evidence information fusion results
To further fully verify the effectiveness and reliability of the method of the present invention, the statistical results of the liquid level position identification accuracy are shown in table 4. According to the table, analysis of about 1300 sets of test data of 5 wells shows that the recognition accuracy is greatly improved based on the multidimensional feature fusion recognition method, the feature of the true liquid level position is not obvious, the recognition accuracy of the test data with large interference is improved from 49.4% to 83.8%, and the maximum improvement is 34.4%; for test data with random interference, the recognition accuracy improves by about 4.9% on average.
TABLE 4 comparison of accuracy of liquid level position identification
In summary, the multi-dimensional credibility information fusion method can calculate the credibility of the real liquid level from different dimensions such as a massive historical test data set, liquid level change dynamic characteristics, self-sensitive characteristics of test signals and the like, and finally, the liquid level position comprehensive diagnosis is carried out through information fusion, so that the error rate of liquid level position identification is effectively reduced, and the accuracy and reliability of liquid level automatic identification diagnosis are further enhanced. After the liquid level position is calculated, the sound velocity is calculated through the time domain signal y of the wave-saving and hoop in the double channels, and then the liquid level depth can be further calculated.
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the general principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The oil-gas well working fluid level identification and diagnosis method based on multidimensional credibility fusion is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: installing a two-channel liquid level measuring device at the position of an oil gas well sleeve opening, acquiring acoustic logging data, performing hardware filtering processing on signals of the acoustic logging data, and acquiring a two-channel liquid level wave time domain signal x and a band-saving wave time domain signal y respectively;
s2: preprocessing a signal x and a signal y respectively, performing DC-plus-filter processing on the acquired A-channel liquid level wave time domain signal x, and performing digital filter preprocessing on the filtering method based on a soft threshold wavelet algorithm to obtain a processed signalPerforming DC amplification filtering treatment on the B-channel band-saving time domain signal y, and performing digital filtering pretreatment by VMD variation modal decomposition to obtain a treated signal ∈>；
S3: by means of signalsObtaining a candidate liquid level position list by adopting a length self-adaptive sliding window algorithm c n N is a subscript of a natural number representing the candidate liquid level position, and the candidate liquid level position list c is respectively evaluated based on the established liquid level wave time domain signal morphological characteristic credibility evaluation method n Performing reliability calculation on each candidate liquid level to obtain a morphological feature reliability list phi n Morphology feature credibility list Φ n The method comprises the steps of liquid level wave amplitude characteristic credibility and liquid level wave equidistant repetitive characteristic credibility;
the liquid surface wave time domain signal morphological characteristic credibility evaluation method specifically comprises a liquid surface wave amplitude characteristic credibility evaluation method and a liquid surface wave equidistant repeatability characteristic credibility evaluation method;
s31: the liquid level amplitude characteristic credibility evaluation method comprises the following steps: the relative value of the amplitude of each candidate liquid level position in the time domain is determined by the ratio of the amplitude of each candidate liquid level position to the next-largest change amplitude of the whole liquid level waveform curve, the corresponding reliability is determined by the relative value and the absolute value of the amplitude of each candidate liquid level position, the absolute value of the amplitude is the peak-peak value of the candidate liquid level, and the calculation method of the characteristic reliability kappa (Ppv, amp) of the liquid level amplitude is as follows:
（1）；
wherein, ppv represents the relative amplitude value of the candidate liquid level position in the time domain, amp represents the absolute value of the local amplitude value of the candidate liquid level position in the time domain, K represents a settable parameter, dynamic adjustment of the credibility corresponding to peak values of different liquid level peaks is realized by changing the value of the parameter K, and e represents a natural constant;
s32: the method for evaluating the reliability of the equidistant repeatability characteristics of the liquid surface wave comprises the following steps: counting the number of the equidistant repeated liquid level positions in the whole liquid level test time domain curve, and calculating the credibility of the equidistant repeated liquid level position by the repeated liquid level number, wherein the calculation formula of the credibility of the equidistant repeated characteristics of the liquid level wave is as follows:
（2）；
wherein χ represents the reliability of equidistant repetitive characteristics of the liquid surface wave, f and I respectively represent the weight coefficient of the reliability, which is adjusted according to different test well conditions, the value is 1.5 according to test experience, and g represents the number of equidistant repetitive liquid surface positions in the whole liquid surface test time domain curve;
s4: respectively reading a history test liquid level position data list L m And corresponding historical trusted data list R m M is a natural number representing the number of historical data read; the method comprises the steps of utilizing historical liquid level data in aging, and respectively evaluating a candidate liquid level position list c based on an established historical test liquid level position information characteristic credibility evaluation method n The credibility of each candidate liquid level is calculated to obtain a historical information characteristic credibility list phi n ；
The evaluation method of the credibility of the historical test liquid level position information features comprises the following steps: from a list L of historical test level position data m And corresponding historical trusted data list R m In which the number of historical level tests meeting the aging requirement is counted as z (0z/>m), namely the time interval between the historical test time and the current test time is less than 2 days; counting the number of historical test liquid levels, which are less than 1% of the deviation of all candidate liquid level positions in the current test, from the historical test liquid level data to be h i （0/>h i />z), according to the historical liquid level position information, the confidence calculation formulas corresponding to all the candidate liquid levels are currently tested as follows:
（3）；
in the method, in the process of the invention,c i represents the position of the ith candidate liquid level, h i Indicating the number of the historical liquid levels which are corresponding to the ith candidate liquid level and meet the statistical condition, wherein Z indicates the number of the historical test liquid levels which meet the aging requirement;
s5: determining a reference level position L of the current measurement from the historical test level positions ref The candidate liquid level position list c is respectively subjected to a credibility evaluation method based on the established liquid level position depth dynamic characteristics n The credibility of each candidate liquid level is calculated to obtain a liquid level position dynamic characteristic credibility list gamma n ；
The liquid level position depth dynamic characteristic credibility evaluation method comprises the following steps: when the liquid level measurement is carried out for the first time, taking the candidate liquid level with the largest peak-peak value in the current measurement candidate liquid level result as the reference liquid level position L of the current measurement ref The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the test is already carried out, the historical liquid level with the reliability higher than a is selected from the historical liquid level positions meeting the aging requirement to be the reference liquid level position L of the measurement ref The parameter a is a settable parameter; if no historical liquid level with the reliability degree being greater than a exists, selecting the historical liquid level with the maximum reliability degree from the historical liquid level positions meeting the aging requirement as the reference liquid level position L of the measurement ref The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the dynamic characteristics of the liquid level position and depth, the reliability calculation method of different candidate liquid level positions comprises the following steps:
（4）；
wherein, c i Indicating the position of the ith candidate liquid level, beta represents a settable parameter, the magnitude of the beta value of the parameter is set according to the dynamic characteristics of the change of the liquid level of the oil well, L ref The reference liquid level position is the current time;
s6: morphology feature credibility list phi obtained by utilizing steps S3-S5 n Historical information feature credibility list phi n And a liquid level position dynamic characteristic credibility list gamma n The established multidimensional credibility information fusion evaluation method is adopted to calculate the comprehensive credibility of each candidate liquid level, and the candidate liquid with the maximum comprehensive credibility is calculatedThe surface position is determined as a real liquid surface position, and the liquid surface position and the comprehensive credibility result are output and recorded for credible calculation of the historical liquid surface characteristics of the next group of test data;
the multidimensional credibility information fusion evaluation method comprises the following steps: obtaining probability values of each candidate liquid level under a DS evidence fusion strategy of each credibility through a DS evidence fusion theory, wherein the probability values comprise:
determining an identification framework= { true level position, false level position }, respectively indicating the degree to which the candidate level is true and false;
taking the confidence calculation formulas of different dimensions of each candidate liquid level as basic probability functions, taking various confidence calculation results of each candidate liquid level as basic probability assignment of each candidate liquid level as a true liquid level, and taking the basic confidence value as basic confidence;
and calculating a DS evidence fusion result of each candidate liquid level by adopting a multi-evidence combination mode to obtain a probability value of each candidate liquid level under a DS evidence fusion strategy, namely, the comprehensive credibility of each candidate liquid level, and selecting the candidate liquid level with the largest comprehensive credibility from all candidate liquid levels as the final real liquid level position.
2. The method for identifying and diagnosing the working fluid level of an oil and gas well based on multi-dimensional credibility fusion according to claim 1, wherein the sampling frequency of the fluid level wave time domain signal and the cuff wave time domain signal in the step S1 is f s The data sample length is N.
3. The oil-gas well working fluid level identification and diagnosis method based on multidimensional credibility fusion according to claim 1, wherein the signal preprocessing method of step S2 is characterized in that: because the main effective component in the liquid surface wave time domain signal is a low-frequency component, the high-frequency interference component needs to be removed, for the A channel liquid surface wave time domain signal x, the low-frequency component below 5Hz is selected as the effective signal, and the high-frequency component exceeding 5Hz is selected as the noise part to be removed, thus obtaining the processed signalThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the For a B channel band-segment wave time domain signal y, after digital filtering pretreatment, L modal IMF signal components are obtained, according to the basic principle of band-segment reflected wave generation, the IMF signal component with the center frequency between 10Hz and 30Hz is determined as an effective signal component, and the effective component is reconstructed to obtain a treated signal ++>。
4. The oil and gas well working fluid level identification and diagnosis method based on multidimensional credibility fusion according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 candidate fluid level position list determination method is as follows: and searching all local maximum points in the liquid surface wave time domain curve through the length self-adaptive sliding window, and obtaining a sampling point position list corresponding to the maximum points as a candidate liquid surface position list.
5. The method for identifying and diagnosing the working fluid level of the oil and gas well based on multidimensional credibility fusion according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the DS evidence fusion result by adopting a multi-evidence combination mode comprises the following steps:
the DS evidence fusion result has the following calculation formula:
（5）；
in the method, in the process of the invention,Cthe representation is an event proposition assumption, j represents the number of evidence volumes, and m represents the mass function.
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