CN117512094B - Smad5基因SNP位点及其在降低慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病风险药物制备中的应用 - Google Patents
Smad5基因SNP位点及其在降低慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病风险药物制备中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种Smad5基因SNP位点及其在降低慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病风险药物制备中的应用，属于基因技术领域。本发明充分证明了，Smad5基因SNP位点rs12719482GG基因型是慢阻肺的保护因素。在Smad5的3'UTR中，miR‑920及miR‑1270通过与rs12719482位点结合，下调Smad5的表达，从而降低慢阻肺的患病风险。Smad5基因rs12719482GG基因型可能成为慢阻肺的潜在治疗靶点。本发明可应用于慢阻肺的预防、治疗新药、新技术的研发等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基因技术领域，尤其涉及一种Smad5基因SNP位点及其在降低慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病风险药物制备中的应用。
背景技术
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD；慢阻肺)是一种常见的、复杂的呼吸系统疾病，患病率高、危害性大，其发病与环境污染物暴露和个体遗传易感性等因素有关。
Smad5蛋白是转化生长因子TGF-β超家族成员信号传导通路的主要信号成分，对靶基因的表达产生正性或负性调控。Smad5有两个独立的信号模块：BMP诱导的Smad5-Smad4复合体，以及TGF-β1介导的Smad5-Smad2/3复合体。TGF-β信号通路不仅调节肺发育，也参与调控阻塞性肺疾病的发生。多项研究表明，TGF-β超家族信号传导失调可导致肺稳态失衡，导致炎症、气道重塑、肺气肿、黏液高分泌等。目前关于Smad5在呼吸系统疾病中的研究只是笼统判断Smad1/5/8是否激活，Smad5基因多态性与慢阻肺发病风险的关系、在慢阻肺肺组织中的表达调控及作用还不清楚。
miRNA通过与信使RNA(mRNA)末端的3'UTR结合来调控靶基因的表达。特定基因mRNA序列3'UTR区域的SNP可通过影响miRNA的结合而导致mRNA水平发生改变。但Smad5基因上是否存在调节Smad5 mRNA表达水平的SNP位点，现有技术中并未有相关报道。
目前已有多项研究发掘出大量慢阻肺易感多态位点，多个SNP位点与慢阻肺的发病风险显著相关，已被广泛应用于慢阻肺的预防、诊断及治疗等阶段。本专利核心主要证实Smad5基因SNP位点rs12719482GG基因型能降低慢阻肺患病风险；miR-920及miR-1270通过与rs12719482位点结合，下调Smad5的表达。专利覆盖范围包括利用本发明的技术特征，即通过检测或影响Smad5基因SNP位点rs12719482GG基因型及miRNA(miR-920和miR-1270)表达的方法，进行慢阻肺临床药物及诊断检验试剂的研发、制备、使用及销售。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种Smad5基因SNP位点及其在降低慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病风险药物制备中的应用。
本发明通过一系列实验充分证明了在Smad5的3'UTR序列中，miR-920及miR-1270通过与rs12719482位点结合，下调Smad5的表达，从而降低慢阻肺的患病风险。Smad5基因rs12719482GG基因型可能成为慢阻肺的潜在治疗靶点。本发明可应用于慢阻肺的预防、治疗新药、新技术的研发等领域。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下技术效果：
(1)本发明首次发现了Smad5与慢阻肺的关系。
(2)本发明首次发现rs12719482突变是慢阻肺的保护因素：rs12719482A>G变异基因型GG可降低慢阻肺易感性；且在慢阻肺发病过程中，其与烟草烟雾暴露存在显著的交互效应，即烟草烟雾刺激产生的炎症因子能够降低miR-920及miR-1270的表达，增加抽烟者慢阻肺的患病风险。
(3)Smad5 rs12719482GG基因型可能成为慢阻肺的潜在治疗靶点，为慢阻肺的预防，治疗新药、新技术的研发提供新的思路。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中Smad5 rs12719482质粒测序示意图；
图2为本发明实施例1中烟草烟雾提取物(CSE)暴露前后大鼠肺功能、肺组织病理及肺组织Smad5蛋白表达水平的变化情况，其中：(A)显示CSE暴露前后大鼠的FEV50/FVC值变化；(B)显示CSE暴露前后大鼠肺组织病理改变；(C)显示CSE暴露前后大鼠肺组织中Smad5蛋白表达情况；
图3为本发明实施例1中miRNA在烟草烟雾诱导的慢阻肺细胞和大鼠模型中表达情况及和Smad5之间的相关关系，其中：(A)不同浓度CSE刺激16HBE细胞后miRNA表达水平变化；(B)烟草烟雾诱导大鼠肺组织中miRNA的表达水平；(C)Smad5和miRNA之间的线性关系。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。在不背离本发明精神和本质的情况下，对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改或替换，均属于本发明的范围。以下实施例中使用的设备和原料等均可由市售获得，实施例中使用的方法如无特别说明，与常规使用的方法一致。
下面结合实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行进一步详细阐述。
实施例1
1实验设计及实验方法
1.1研究人群选择
连续收集696例慢阻肺患者和952名健康对照者的血样。所有患者均按照全球阻塞性肺疾病倡议(GOLD)指南进行诊断。收集患者年龄、性别、吸烟状况、家族史、肺功能等临床资料。有其他呼吸系统疾病证据的患者被排除。本研究遵循的程序符合广州医科大学附属第一医院伦理委员会所制定的伦理学标准，得到该伦理委员会批准，并与所有受试者签署临床研究知情同意书。所有实验均按照批准的指南实施。
1.2SNP位点选择
从EDTA抗凝外周血中提取基因组DNA。从dbSNP和HapMap数据库中获得SNP，并使用Haploview 4.2软件进行分析。在本研究中，我们根据以下两个标准选择位于Smad5的3'UTR的rs12719482位点：(1)最小等位基因频率MAF>0.05；(2)通过两两标记算法分析，r2阈值为0.8。
1.3.与rs12719482结合的miRNA预测
通过SNPinfo预测与rs12719482位点结合的潜在miRNA(https：//snpinfo.niehs.nih.gov/snpinfo/snpfunc.html)。
1.4动物实验
将6周龄健康雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组和烟草烟雾暴露(CS)组，每组6只。CS组大鼠置于烟雾室中进行烟草烟雾暴露。具体做法是：将动物全身置于盒子中，暴露于20支烟草烟雾中1小时(h)，休息20分钟，然后再次在烟草烟雾中暴露1h，间隔2h后重复1次，每周6天，连续3个月。对照组大鼠在相同条件下进行空气暴露。3个月后，行腹腔注射10％水合氯醛(3ml/kg)麻醉大鼠后，进行肺功能检测和取材分析。
1.5大鼠肺功能测试
将大鼠放在桌子上，沿颈部中部切开约2cm，暴露气管。将气管切开成倒T型切口，置入气管插管。气管导管上连接压力传感器和流速传感器，呼吸机上连接流速传感器。记录并计算第50秒用力呼气容积与第50秒用力肺活量比值(FEV50/FVC)。
1.6大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)采集及分析
回收大鼠BALF约3ml(回收率80％～90％)。人工计数BALF中白细胞总数(WBC)；剩余BALF在4℃下以1，000rpm×10min离心，然后重新悬浮于磷酸盐缓冲盐水中，并通过瑞特-吉姆萨染色进行差异细胞计数。
1.7大鼠肺组织病理学检查
左肺灌注10％福尔马林，解剖并固定于10％福尔马林缓冲液中24h。将固定的肺组织包埋于石蜡块中，切片后进行苏木精-伊红染色。光镜下观察肺组织形态，按以下方法获得MLI(MLI表示肺泡的平均大小)。在视野内绘制交叉线，计数两线交点处的肺泡间隔总数，交叉线总长度除以截距数得到研究区域的MLI，即MLI＝总长度/肺泡间隔数。
1.8RT-qPCR
用Trizol法提取细胞或组织样本中的总RNA，用NANO 2000(Thermo，USA)测定RNA浓度。使用miRcute miRNAcDNAFirst-strand cDNA Synthesis试剂盒(KR211，TIANGEN，China)制备miRNA cDNA模板。采用miRcute miRNA荧光定量检测试剂盒(FP411，TIANGEN，China)进行以下参数扩增：94℃变性2min，94℃扩增20s、60℃扩增30s、72℃扩增30s，共45个循环，然后进行信号扫描。内参U6和microRNAs引物由Genecopoeia公司(中国广州)提供。根据2-△△ct公式计算microRNA的相对表达量。
1.9蛋白质免疫印迹
取大鼠肺组织，采用RIPA裂解液匀浆裂解，BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒测定蛋白浓度。经SDS-PAGE分离后，将蛋白样本转移到PVDF膜上，然后与抗Smad5的一抗(1：1000)(cat.no.#14952Cell Signaling Technology，USA)和β肌动蛋白(1：1000)(cat.no.bsm-33036M，Bioss，China)在4℃过夜。然后将二抗IgG-HRP抗体(1：3000)(cat.no.A0208，goat-anti rabbit；cat.no.A0216，goat anti-murine，Beyotime Biotechnology，China)加入到膜上，在37℃孵育1小时。使用ECLPlus试剂进行显影。
1.10质粒载体
使用Premier 5.0设计Smad5基因3'UTR区引物，在引物5'端分别添加EcoRI和pmel酶切位点，使用2*PhantaMax Master Mix(Vazyme，NanJing，China)进行扩增。使用Qiagen公司的QIAquick凝胶提取试剂盒进行纯化，并将其克隆到PEZX-FRO2报告载体(Genecopoeia，Guangzhou，China)中，该报告载体已被EcoRI和Pmel消化。使用MutExpressII快速突变试剂盒(Vazyme，NanJing，China)，按照试剂说明进行操作，在这些载体中，生成了rs12719482G的后续突变。我们对所有载体进行了测序，以确保每个插入片段的序列、方向和完整性(图1)。从Genecopoeia公司合成了两种microRNA模拟物(hsa-miR-920和has-miR-1270)和一种非特异性microRNA(miR-NC)作为阴性对照。
1.11细胞培养
人支气管上皮细胞株16HBE在添加10％胎牛血清和青霉素/链霉素(分别为100U/ml和100mg/ml)的Dulbecco改良Eagle培养基中培养。细胞在37℃，5％CO2的条件下孵育。
1.12统计分析
定量数据以均数±标准差(SD)表示，组间比较采用独立样本T检验；定性数据采用卡方检验。以P<0.05(双侧)为差异有统计学意义。
2实验结果
2.1rs12719482与慢阻肺患病风险相关
所有受试者的人口统计学和临床特征如表1所示，Smad5基因型分布及其与慢阻肺风险关联关系如表2所示。
表1慢阻肺患者和对照者人口统计学特征a
a定量数据以均数±标准差表示。定性数据以人数(构成比)表示。
b使用双侧卡方检验或T检验比较两组间差异是否具有统计学意义。
表2Smad5基因型分布及其与慢阻肺风险关联a
a Smad5基因型在病例组及对照组的分布以人数(构成比)表示。使用哈迪-温伯格(Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium)计算对照组遗传平衡(PHWE＝0.97)。
b以年龄、性别、吸烟状况及肿瘤家族史校正logistic回归模型。
结果显示，病例组与对照组在年龄、性别、吸烟状况、肿瘤家族史、FEV1/FVC％等方面差异有统计学意义。慢阻肺家族史在病例组和对照组中的分布差异无统计学意义。对照组基因型分布符合HWE(P＝0.97)。多变量logistic回归模型显示，在调整混杂因素(如年龄、性别、吸烟状况和癌症家族史)后，基于AIC的最佳拟合观察到rs12719482A>G的变异基因型与显著降低的慢阻肺风险相关(校正OR＝0.08，95％CI 0.01～0.65，P＝0.018)。
2.2烟草烟雾诱导大鼠模型肺组织出现病理改变且Smad5表达升高
通过对大鼠肺组织进行炎症相关细胞检测、肺组织学分析和BALF中细胞计数，以确定烟草烟雾暴露对大鼠肺组织的影响。如图2所示，薰烟3个月(CS3M)组大鼠的FEV50/FVC与对照组(CTL)比较显著升高(P<0.05)，肺组织病理结果显示CS3M组大鼠肺组织已出现肺泡破坏、肺泡腔扩大，BALF白细胞计数结果显示CS3M组大鼠气道有明显增多的炎症细胞浸润。此外，取大鼠肺组织提取蛋白后进行Western blot分析，结果显示CS3M组大鼠肺组织Smad5蛋白表达水平显著升高。
2.3与rs12719482结合的miRNA预测
通过NCBI(https：//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)查询，发现rs12719482位于Smad5基因3'UTR区。而基因3'UTR区与miRNA的结合通常会影响mRNA剪切或翻译，进而抑制其靶基因的表达。因此，通过SNPinfo Web Server(https：//snpinfo.niehs.nih.gov/Snpinfo/snpfunc.html)进行与rs12719482结合的miRNA预测，结果显示三个miRNA(has-miR-571、has-miR-920和has-miR-1270)可能结合到rs12719482所在的Smad5的3'UTR区，从而抑制基因表达。
2.4烟草烟雾诱导促使气道上皮细胞miR-920和miR-1270表达降低并与Smad5的表达负线性相关
采用RT-qPCR分析has-miR-571、has-miR-920和has-miR-1270在烟草烟雾诱导下的支气管上皮细胞和大鼠肺组织中的表达。结果如图3所示。
结果表明，1％CSE刺激16HBE细胞后，3种miRNA表达无明显变化，当CSE浓度增加到2％时，miR-920和miR-1270表达下降(图3A)。此外，在烟草烟雾诱导(CS3M)的大鼠肺组织中亦观察到miR-920和miR-1270表达水平与对照组相比显著下降(图3B)。进一步通过绘制散点图发现miR-920和miR-1270与Smad5的表达呈负线性相关关系(图3C)。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (1)
1.检测Smad5基因SNP位点rs12719482的试剂在制备诊断慢阻肺患病风险产品中的应用，其特征在于，所述rs12719482位点A>G变异基因型GG能降低慢阻肺患病风险。
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| WO2013181613A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Research Development Foundation | Mirna for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disease |
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