CN117511098A - 一种利用聚乙烯醇和纳米氧化锌制备的复合保鲜膜 - Google Patents
一种利用聚乙烯醇和纳米氧化锌制备的复合保鲜膜 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种能够保鲜沙葱的纳米复合保鲜膜的制备方法，属于食品保鲜技术领域。制备工艺如下：将0.075g的纳米氧化锌粉末加入到100mL去离子水中，在40℃下磁力搅拌35min。然后将2g聚乙烯醇和1g普鲁兰多糖分散在上述溶液中，同时加入0.25mL甘油作为增塑剂。随后将混合物在70℃下搅拌90min，然后用超声波脱气15min，得到均匀稳定的薄膜溶液。将成膜液(20mL)均匀倒入直径90mm的培养皿中，在55℃干燥8h，冷却后，将复合膜从培养皿中仔细剥离，在(25±1)℃和53％相对湿度下平衡24h。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品保鲜技术领域，具体涉及一种利用聚乙烯醇和纳米氧化锌制备的复合保鲜膜及其在沙葱保鲜上的应用。
背景技术
食品保鲜包装作为食品工业的重要组成部分，对运输、储存和销售具有重要意义。目前，应用最广泛的食品包装材料主要是塑料。由于其原材料范围广泛、价格低、性能好，被用于制备多种食品包装材料。聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)是最常用的塑料食品包装材料。但是，这些材料的降解特性相对较差，不能满足现在对环境保护的要求，大规模应用将导致严重的生态问题。食品保鲜包装材料的研发正将注意力转向天然可生物降解的保鲜包装材料，如多糖、蛋白质和脂类。
与传统包装材料相比，活性复合包装材料具有绿色、安全、无毒、使用广泛、易于使用的优点。此外，活性复合包装材料有助于防止对收获后水果和蔬菜的物理、化学、生理和生物损害。它们可以提高包装产品的商业价值，具有显著的经济效益。
聚乙烯醇(PVA)具有良好的成膜性、透光率和生物相容性。PVA制备的薄膜具有优异的韧性、气障性、安全性、无毒性和生物降解性。因此，它有许多应用，如食品和药品包装、医疗保健、纤维纺织、涂料等领域。同时，良好的机械性能和抗菌性能对于果蔬食品的保鲜包装材料非常重要。因此，添加其他可生物降解材料制备复合保鲜膜，对于提高聚乙烯醇薄膜的在食品领域中的应用十分必要。
普鲁兰多糖(PUL)是一种由发芽的短柄霉菌发酵产生的微生物多糖。利用PUL制备的薄膜是透明的，不透氧，具有优良的力学性能，通过抑制微生物的呼吸，完成食物的保鲜。已有研究表明，以PUL作为基质的保鲜膜能够有效延长果蔬食品的货架期。
近年来纳米材料已被应用于果蔬保鲜材料的研发，以控制生理代谢，抑制变质，延长保质期。在不同的无机材料中，纳米氧化锌(Nano-ZnO)具有良好的化学稳定性、防紫外线、生物相容性和低成本的优点，已被美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)定义为一种纳米抗菌剂，可以为人类健康提供必要的微量营养素。Nano-ZnO在食品保鲜材料中的添加可以提高不同基质薄膜的流动性、抗菌性、透气性和透光性。
本发明制备出一种能够应用于沙葱保鲜的新型纳米复合保鲜膜。在对薄膜进行表征的同时，应用于沙葱的保鲜包装。
发明内容
本发明目的：满足环保需求的同时延长沙葱的货架期，针对沙葱采后快速失水、萎蔫、腐败等问题研发可生物降解的活性保鲜包装材料，避免采后沙葱的资源浪费和经济损失。本发明研发的可生物降解纳米复合保鲜膜具有更好的机械性能和抗菌性能，具备更好的保鲜效果。
技术方案：制备聚乙烯醇/普鲁兰多糖/纳米氧化锌颗粒(PVA/PUL/Nano-ZnO)复合薄膜，具体步骤如下：
(1)PVA/PUL/Nano-ZnO薄膜制备：将0.075g的纳米氧化锌粉末加入到100mL去离子水中，在40℃下磁力搅拌35min。然后将2g聚乙烯醇和1g普鲁兰多糖分散在上述溶液中，同时加入0.25mL甘油作为增塑剂。将混合物在70℃下搅拌90min，然后用超声波脱气15min，得到均匀稳定的薄膜溶液。最后将成膜液(20mL)均匀倒入直径90mm的培养皿中，在55℃干燥8h，冷却后，将复合膜从培养皿中仔细剥离，在(25±1)℃和53％相对湿度下平衡24h。
(2)沙葱的处理与贮藏：将沙葱在4℃下预冷24小时后，选择长短和成熟度相同的新鲜沙葱样品。沙葱包装在PVA/PUL/Nano-ZnO薄膜中。对照组为标准聚乙烯膜(PE)。将不同包装方法的沙葱放在温度为4℃，湿度为90％的保鲜盒中，在相对湿度为90％的保险箱中贮藏15天。
(3)傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱学：利用FTIR光谱。每个样品的光谱波数范围为4000～500cm-1，平均进行32次扫描。
(4)X射线衍射(XRD)：利用X射线衍射仪研究了PVA/PUL/Nano-ZnO复合薄膜的晶体结构。扫描角度范围为5-80(2θ)，扫描速度为5min-1。
(5)扫描电镜(SEM)：在室温下5.00kV加速压力下，用扫描电镜观察薄膜表面形态。
(6)光透射率：采用UV-2600分光光度计检测PVA/PUL/Nano-ZnO薄膜的紫外-可见光谱。将矩形薄膜样品(40mm×10mm)放入石英管的内壁中。以空气作为对照，在200nm至800nm之间测定薄膜的吸光度值，每组试验重复3次。
(7)水蒸气渗透率(WVP)：将复合薄膜切成一个矩形(60mm×60mm)，然后密封在一个含有5毫升无水氯化钙的杯子口中，最后将杯子放在25℃、95％相对湿度的烤箱中保存12小时，每2小时记录一次杯子质量的变化。
(8)机械性能：采用质谱仪分析了复合薄膜的拉伸强度(TS)和断裂伸长率(EAB)。首先将薄膜切割成宽度为10mm，长度为50mm的矩形。初始拉伸距离为30mm，拉伸速率设置为50mm/min，重复三次取平均值。
(9)抑菌活性：使用琼脂盘扩散法检测复合保鲜膜对革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)和革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)的抑制作用。将薄膜样品切成直径为6mm的圆盘，随后将50μL活化细菌溶液均匀地铺在琼脂上。最后，将获得的直径为6mm的薄膜盘置于先前制备的琼脂上，并在生化培养箱中在37℃下孵育24小时。
本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)Nano-ZnO的添加增加了保鲜膜的厚度和力学性能，提高了薄膜的水蒸气和紫外可见光阻隔性能。
(2)对于沙葱鲜具有很好的效果，可以有效延缓保鲜过程中的品质劣变，延长新鲜沙葱的贮藏期。
附图说明
图1为PVA/PUL/Nano-ZnO纳米复合保鲜膜的表征(a)傅里叶变换红外光谱；(b)X射线衍射；(c)热重分析；(d)光透射率。
图2为制备的纳米复合保鲜膜对(a)大肠杆菌和(b)金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果。
图3为制备的纳米复合保鲜膜对沙葱的保鲜效果(a)处理组和对照组的沙葱保鲜效果图；(b)失重率；(c)叶绿素含量；(d)丙二醛含量。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步阐明本发明，具体实施方式在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，应理解这些方式仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
具体实施例1：
(1)将0.075g的纳米氧化锌粉末加入到100mL去离子水中，在40℃下磁力搅拌35min。
(2)将2g聚乙烯醇和1g普鲁兰多糖分散在上述溶液中，同时加入0.25mL甘油作为增塑剂。
(3)将混合物在70℃下搅拌90min，然后用超声波脱气15min，得到均匀稳定的薄膜溶液。
(4)将成膜液(20mL)均匀倒入直径90mm的培养皿中，在55℃干燥8h，冷却后，将复合膜从培养皿中仔细剥离，在(25±1)℃和53％相对湿度下平衡24h。
具体实施例2：
(1)将0.05g的纳米氧化锌粉末加入到100mL去离子水中，在40℃下磁力搅拌35min。
(2)将2g聚乙烯醇和1g普鲁兰多糖分散在上述溶液中，同时加入0.25mL甘油作为增塑剂。
(3)将混合物在70℃下搅拌90min，然后用超声波脱气12min，得到均匀稳定的薄膜溶液。
(4)将成膜液(20mL)均匀倒入直径90mm的培养皿中，在55℃干燥8h，冷却后，将复合膜从培养皿中仔细剥离，在(25±1)℃和53％相对湿度下平衡24h。
具体实施例3：
(1)将0.1g的纳米氧化锌粉末加入到100mL去离子水中，在40℃下磁力搅拌35min。
(2)将2g聚乙烯醇和1g普鲁兰多糖分散在上述溶液中，同时加入0.25mL甘油作为增塑剂。
(3)将混合物在70℃下搅拌90min，然后用超声波脱气18min，得到均匀稳定的薄膜溶液。
(4)将成膜液(20mL)均匀倒入直径90mm的培养皿中，在55℃干燥8h，冷却后，将复合膜从培养皿中仔细剥离，在(25±1)℃和53％相对湿度下平衡24h。
以上所述实施例仅是为了便于理解举的实例，应当指出的是，对于本技术领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，可根据本发明的技术方案及其实施例的描述做出若干改进，这些改进也应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种利用聚乙烯醇和纳米氧化锌制备的复合保鲜膜。与普通PE保鲜膜相比，以普鲁兰多糖(PUL)为基质，利用聚乙烯醇(PVA)和纳米氧化锌(Nano-ZnO)制备的复合保鲜膜表现出了更优异的机械性能、抑菌性能和热稳定性，更适合食品的长期保鲜。聚乙烯醇/普鲁兰多糖/纳米氧化锌复合膜有效减少了贮藏期沙葱的失重和叶绿素的分解，减少了丙二醛的积累，并提高了活性氧自由基代谢相关酶的活性。
2.制备PVA/PUL/Nano-ZnO复合保鲜膜，主要包括以下步骤：
(1)将0.075g的纳米氧化锌粉末加入到100mL去离子水中，在40℃下磁力搅拌35min。
(2)将2g聚乙烯醇和1g普鲁兰多糖分散在上述溶液中，同时加入0.25mL甘油作为增塑剂。
(3)将混合物在70℃下搅拌90min，然后用超声波脱气15min，得到均匀稳定的薄膜溶液。
(4)将成膜液(20mL)均匀倒入直径90mm的培养皿中，在55℃干燥8h，冷却后，将复合膜从培养皿中仔细剥离，在(25±1)℃和53％相对湿度下平衡24h。
3.根据权利要求2中所述的添加的纳米氧化锌粉末含量(0.075g)，聚乙烯醇含量(2g)和普鲁兰多糖含量(1g)的比例，其特征在于含量添加比例为Nano-ZnO:PVA:PUL＝3:80:40。
4.根据权利要求2中所述的添加甘油作为增塑剂，其特征在于所添加的甘油体积与混合溶液体积的比例为1:400。
5.根据权利要求2中所述的混合溶液采用超声波脱气，其特征在于脱气时间为15min。
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