CN117493812A - Coarse and fine positioning method for ventricular premature beat abnormal pacing point based on magnetocardiogram signals - Google Patents
Coarse and fine positioning method for ventricular premature beat abnormal pacing point based on magnetocardiogram signals Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coarse and fine positioning method of ventricular premature beat abnormal pacing points based on a magnetocardiogram signal, which mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, obtaining a personalized heart-double lung-trunk model of a ventricular premature patient based on medical images; then, obtaining a volume conductor conduction model by adopting a boundary element or finite element method; subsequently, for the processed cardiac magnetic signals of the ventricular premature beat patient, coarsely positioning the abnormal pacing points of the patient by using a heart source model with 5mm resolution; finally, based on the rough positioning result, a ball source model with 1mm resolution is used for precisely positioning the abnormal pacing point of the patient. The invention utilizes the magnetocardiogram signal of the ventricular premature beat patient to locate the abnormal pacing point of the patient, aims at evaluating the abnormal pacing point of the patient before operation or preventing unpredictable special situations possibly occurring in operation, thereby providing locating guidance for radio frequency ablation operation and providing new tools and methods for clinical practice and preoperation diagnosis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biomedical signal analysis, in particular to a coarse and fine positioning method of ventricular premature beat abnormal pacing points based on a magnetocardiogram signal.
Background
Ventricular premature beat is one of the arrhythmias, and is usually caused by abnormal discharge of myocardial cells in or between ventricles, leading to premature beating of the heart in or between ventricles, and may occur in association with various heart diseases and physiological factors including cardiomyopathy, coronary heart disease, electrolyte disorders, etc., so accurate localization and diagnosis of ventricular premature beat is essential for diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases.
Conventional methods for locating ventricular premature beats require electrophysiological examination, often require invasive procedures, and are at risk and limited, and magnetocardiographic as a non-invasive biological signal measurement technique, providing a potential method for locating abnormal pacing sites for ventricular premature beats. Furthermore, the magnetocardiogram signals are similar to the electrocardiographic signals, and they all contain waveforms and features related to heart activity. However, the magnetocardiogram signal has the unique advantages of non-contact, rich information of the heart electrical activity and the like, and the waveform and the characteristic related to ventricular premature beat can be captured by analyzing the magnetocardiogram signal so as to identify abnormal beats and abnormal discharge moments. These features may include variations in signal shape, anomalies in time and frequency domain features, spatially distributed patterns associated with ventricular premature beats, and the like. With appropriate signal processing and analysis methods, the magnetocardiographic signals can be interpreted as non-invasive biomarkers for cardiac electrophysiology activity.
In particular, past studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of magnetocardiographic signal localization of ventricular premature abnormal pacing sites, such as those of Satoshi Aita et al in 2019 using radio-opaque acrylic markers, coil markers, locating magnetocardiography and CT scan images in conjunction with ventricular premature abnormal pacing sites using spatial filter algorithms into different regions of the heart, and using electroanatomical mapping of abnormal pacing sites to verify, with good results, providing a powerful reference and support for the practice of the present invention. However, the previous researches only can locate the abnormal pacing point in different areas of the heart, and cannot clearly find the CT coordinate point corresponding to the abnormal pacing point, so that the positioning accuracy is limited, and the guiding effect in the operation is limited. In addition, most of the previous researches on the method for positioning the magnetocardiogram source adopt a spatial filter, and the previous researches show that the traditional spatial filter does not perform well when source activities of different areas are related in time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects, the invention provides a coarse and fine positioning method of ventricular premature beat abnormal pacing points based on a magnetocardiogram signal, which is used for positioning the abnormal pacing points of a patient by using the magnetocardiogram signal of the ventricular premature beat patient before operation and has important significance in clinic as preoperation evaluation and intraoperative guidance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: 1 to 2 days before a radio frequency ablation operation is carried out on a ventricular premature patient, an electronic Computer Tomography (CT) is used for scanning the upper half of the patient attached with a mark point so as to obtain a CT image, the obtained CT image is subjected to segmentation and triangular gridding treatment, a triangular gridding CT model of the personalized heart-double lung-trunk of the patient is obtained, a three-dimensional scanner is used for scanning to obtain a scanning model of the trunk of the patient comprising a magnetocardiographic acquisition panel and attached with the mark point, and the CT model is registered with the scanning model so as to obtain a registered heart-double lung-trunk acquisition panel integral model;
step 2: keeping the relative position of the trunk of the patient and the heart magnetic acquisition board unchanged in the step 1, acquiring heart magnetic signals of the patient by using an optical pump magnetometer and observing in real time, wherein the acquired heart magnetic signals of the patient comprise abnormal discharge heart beats, performing signal processing on the acquired heart magnetic signals of the patient, and identifying heart magnetic signals at the discharge moment of an abnormal pacing point;
step 3: based on the whole model of the heart-double lung-trunk-acquisition panel constructed in the step 1, a boundary element or finite element numerical calculation method is adopted to obtain a volume conductor conduction model describing an electromagnetic conduction process in the heart-double lung-trunk, grids are divided in the triangle gridding-processed heart model at a resolution of 5mm to form a heart source model S1, then a guide field matrix L1 from a current source to an external magnetic field is calculated through the heart source model S1 and the volume conductor conduction model, finally, a source positioning result D under a CT coordinate system is obtained by solving the current source by means of the guide field matrix L1 and the volume conductor conduction model by using the heart magnetic signal at the abnormal pacing point discharge moment obtained in the step 2 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ,z 1 ) I.e. coarse positioning results;
step 4: source localization result D obtained in step 3 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ,z 1 ) Forming a sphere with a radius of 2cm as a circle center, dividing a grid in the sphere with a resolution of 1mm to form a sphere source model S2, calculating a guide field matrix L2 from a current source to an external magnetic field based on the sphere source model S2 and a volume conductor conduction model, and solving the current source by using the magnetocardiogram signal at the discharge moment of the abnormal pacing point obtained in the step 2 and by means of the guide field matrix L2 and the volume conductor conduction model to obtain a source positioning result D under a CT coordinate system 2 (x 2 ,y 2 ,z 2 ) I.e. the final fine positioning result. Finally, the source positioning result D 2 (x 2 ,y 2 ,z 2 ) And (2) importing the CT image of the patient obtained in the step (1) into a three-dimensional heart electro-anatomical mapping system.
In order to further optimize the technical scheme, the technical measures adopted by the invention further comprise:
further, in the step 4, the obtained sphere source model S2 determines whether or not all the grid points are inside the heart model after the triangular gridding process, and if not, discards the grid points of the heart model after the triangular gridding process.
Further, in the step 3 and the step 4, the heart source model S1 with the resolution of 5mm is adopted for coarse positioning, and then the ball source model with the resolution of 1mm is adopted for fine positioning, so that the method can improve the positioning precision of the abnormal pacing point by gradually improving the resolutions of two stages, and meanwhile, the direct use of the heart source model with the resolution of 1mm to calculate the guide field matrix and the calculation current source is avoided, so that the calculation complexity and the time cost are greatly reduced.
Further, in the step 3 and the step 4, the magnetocardiogram signal of the ventricular premature beat patient is used for solving the current source, the inversion algorithm under the bayesian frame is adopted for obtaining a plurality of solutions, and the solution with the largest amplitude value is taken as the solved source positioning result.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method for positioning the abnormal pacing point by using the cardiac magnetic signal of the ventricular premature beat patient can avoid invasive examination and non-invasively judge the position of the abnormal pacing point for the patient without operation, can provide a more detailed treatment scheme for the patient, and is more beneficial to daily monitoring and self-management of the patient. For a patient needing operation, the method for positioning the cardiac magnetic source can be used as a preoperative evaluation tool for evaluating the operation risk of the patient to provide a better operation scheme, and meanwhile, CT coordinates of an abnormal pacing point obtained before operation can also play a guiding role in operation so as to avoid the condition that the operation cannot be performed due to no ventricular premature beat in the operation of the patient.
(2) According to the invention, the source model with the resolution of 5mm is used for coarse positioning in source positioning, and then the source model with the resolution of 1mm is used for accurate positioning on the basis of the coarse positioning result, so that the positioning precision is improved, and compared with the method for directly using the source model with the resolution of 1mm for positioning, the efficiency is greatly improved.
(3) The invention adopts the inversion algorithm under the Bayesian framework to position the magnetocardiogram source, is suitable for the condition of a plurality of current sources, has higher positioning precision and is suitable for the source positioning of a single time sample.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a ventricular premature beat abnormal pacing point coarse and fine positioning method based on a magnetocardiogram signal.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the implementation steps of the method of the invention are as follows:
step 1: 1 to 2 days before a radio frequency ablation operation is carried out on a ventricular premature patient, an electronic Computer Tomography (CT) is used for scanning the upper half of the patient attached with a mark point so as to obtain a CT image, the obtained CT image is subjected to segmentation and triangular gridding treatment, a triangular gridding CT model of the personalized heart-double lung-trunk of the patient is obtained, a three-dimensional scanner is used for scanning to obtain a scanning model of the trunk of the patient comprising a magnetocardiographic acquisition panel and attached with the mark point, and the CT model is registered with the scanning model so as to obtain a registered heart-double lung-trunk acquisition panel integral model;
step 2: and (3) keeping the relative position of the trunk of the patient and the heart magnetic acquisition board unchanged in the step (1), acquiring heart magnetic signals of the patient by using an optical pump magnetometer, and observing in real time, wherein the acquired heart magnetic signals of the patient comprise abnormal discharge heart beats. Performing signal processing on the acquired magnetocardiogram signals of the patient, and identifying magnetocardiogram signals at the discharge moment of the abnormal pacing point;
step 3: based on the whole model of the heart-double lung-trunk-acquisition panel constructed in the step 1, a boundary element or finite element numerical calculation method is adopted to obtain a volume conductor conduction model describing an electromagnetic conduction process in the heart-double lung-trunk, grids are divided in the triangle gridding-processed heart model at a resolution of 5mm to form a heart source model S1, then a guide field matrix L1 from a current source to an external magnetic field is calculated through the heart source model S1 and the volume conductor conduction model, finally, a source positioning result D under a CT coordinate system is obtained by solving the current source by means of the guide field matrix L1 and the volume conductor conduction model by using the heart magnetic signal at the abnormal pacing point discharge moment obtained in the step 2 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ,z 1 ) I.e. coarse settingA bit result;
step 4: source localization result D obtained in step 3 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ,z 1 ) Forming a sphere with a radius of 2cm as a circle center, dividing a grid in the sphere with a resolution of 1mm to form a sphere source model S2, calculating a guide field matrix L2 from a current source to an external magnetic field based on the sphere source model S2 and a volume conductor conduction model, and solving the current source by using the magnetocardiogram signal at the discharge moment of the abnormal pacing point obtained in the step 2 and by means of the guide field matrix L2 and the volume conductor conduction model to obtain a source positioning result D under a CT coordinate system 2 (x 2 ,y 2 ,z 2 ) I.e. the final fine positioning result. Finally, the source positioning result D 2 (x 2 ,y 2 ,z 2 ) And the CT image of the patient obtained in the step 1 is imported into a three-dimensional heart electro-anatomical mapping system and used for guiding the radio frequency ablation operation.
The sphere source model S2 needs to determine whether or not all the grid points are inside the heart model after the triangular meshing process, and if not, discards the grid points of the heart model after the triangular meshing process.
The method has the advantages that firstly, the heart source model S1 with the resolution of 5mm is adopted for coarse positioning, and then the ball source model with the resolution of 1mm is adopted for fine positioning, the resolution of two stages is gradually improved, the positioning precision of abnormal pacing points can be improved, meanwhile, the direct use of the heart source model with the resolution of 1mm for calculating a guide field matrix and calculating a current source is avoided, and therefore the calculation complexity and the time cost are greatly reduced.
The method for solving the current source by using the magnetocardiogram signals of the ventricular premature beat patient adopts an inversion algorithm under a Bayesian framework to obtain a plurality of solutions, and takes the solution with the largest amplitude value as a solved source positioning result.
The principle of the inversion algorithm under the Bayesian framework is as follows:
when the magnetocardiogram source is positioned, the statistic of the unknown source distribution J to be solved is represented by a priori distribution P (J), and after the measurement data Y are given, the statistic of the unknown source distribution J is represented by posterior distribution P (J|Y). The posterior probability density according to bayesian theory is expressed as:
where P (Y|J) is likelihood, P (Y) is model evidence, is normalization constant, and there are:
P(J∣Y)∝P(Y∣J)P(J)，
based on Bayesian theory, solving posterior probability of conversion of unknown source J into maximized source
In summary, the rough and fine positioning method of ventricular premature beat abnormal pacing points based on the magnetocardiogram signals utilizes the personalized volume conductor conduction model of the ventricular premature beat patients and the magnetocardiogram signals, calculates by using a cardiac source model with 5mm resolution to obtain a rough positioning result, and calculates by using a ball source model with 1mm resolution to obtain a fine positioning result on the basis of the rough positioning result. The results of the fine positioning are then used to perform preoperative evaluation on the patient or guide surgery into a three-dimensional cardiac electroanatomical mapping system. The CT model of the individuation of the testee is established in the processes of CT scanning, registration and the like and is used for imaging a source positioning result of signals, and meanwhile, data processing and analysis are needed for the magnetocardiogram signals of the patient. Compared with the existing method, the method is more convenient and harmless to the patient, supplements the functions of the existing method, and has higher medical application value.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention shall be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for coarsely and finely positioning ventricular premature beat abnormal pacing points based on magnetocardiogram signals, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: 1 to 2 days before a radio frequency ablation operation is carried out on a ventricular premature patient, an electronic Computer Tomography (CT) is used for scanning the upper half of the patient attached with a mark point so as to obtain a CT image, the obtained CT image is subjected to segmentation and triangular gridding treatment, a triangular gridding CT model of the personalized heart-double lung-trunk of the patient is obtained, a three-dimensional scanner is used for scanning to obtain a scanning model of the trunk of the patient comprising a magnetocardiographic acquisition panel and attached with the mark point, and the CT model is registered with the scanning model so as to obtain a registered heart-double lung-trunk acquisition panel integral model;
step 2: keeping the relative position of the trunk of the patient and the heart magnetic acquisition board unchanged in the step 1, acquiring heart magnetic signals of the patient by using an optical pump magnetometer and observing the heart magnetic signals in real time, wherein the acquired heart magnetic signals of the patient comprise abnormal discharge heart beats, performing signal processing on the acquired heart magnetic signals of the patient, and identifying heart magnetic signals at the discharge moment of an abnormal pacing point;
step 3: based on the whole model of the heart-double lung-trunk-acquisition panel constructed in the step 1, a boundary element or finite element numerical calculation method is adopted to obtain a volume conductor conduction model describing an electromagnetic conduction process in the heart-double lung-trunk, grids are divided in the triangle gridding-processed heart model at a resolution of 5mm to form a heart source model S1, then a guide field matrix L1 from a current source to an external magnetic field is calculated through the heart source model S1 and the volume conductor conduction model, finally, a source positioning result D under a CT coordinate system is obtained by solving the current source by means of the guide field matrix L1 and the volume conductor conduction model by using the heart magnetic signal at the abnormal pacing point discharge moment obtained in the step 2 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ,z 1 ) I.e. coarse positioning results;
step 4: source localization result D obtained in step 3 1 (x 1 ,y 1 ,z 1 ) Forming a sphere with a radius of 2cm as a circle center, dividing grids with a resolution of 1mm inside the sphere to form a sphere source model S2, and then calculating a guiding field from a current source to an external magnetic field based on the sphere source model S2 and a volume conductor conduction modelMatrix L2, and then, using the magnetocardiogram signal of abnormal pacing point discharge time obtained in step 2, solving the current source by means of the guide field matrix L2 and the volume conductor conduction model to obtain the source positioning result D under CT coordinate system 2 (x 2 ,y 2 ,z 2 ) I.e. the final fine positioning result.
2. The method for coarsely and finely positioning ventricular premature beat abnormal pacing points based on magnetocardiographic signals according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3 and the step 4, a heart source model S1 with a resolution of 5mm is firstly adopted for coarse positioning, and then a sphere source model S2 with a resolution of 1mm is adopted for fine positioning, wherein, for the sphere source model S2, whether grid points of the sphere source model S2 are all inside the heart model after the triangular gridding treatment is judged, and if not, grid points outside the heart model after the triangular gridding treatment are abandoned.
3. The coarse and fine positioning method for ventricular premature beat abnormal pacing point based on magnetocardiogram signals according to claim 1
The method is characterized in that: in the step 3 and the step 4, the current source is solved by adopting an inversion algorithm under a Bayesian framework,
and obtaining a plurality of solutions, and taking the solution with the largest amplitude value as a source positioning result of the solution.
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