CN117489319B - Method for heat insulation and preservation of coal seam in-situ coal gasification process - Google Patents
Method for heat insulation and preservation of coal seam in-situ coal gasification process Download PDFInfo
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- CN117489319B CN117489319B CN202311516355.1A CN202311516355A CN117489319B CN 117489319 B CN117489319 B CN 117489319B CN 202311516355 A CN202311516355 A CN 202311516355A CN 117489319 B CN117489319 B CN 117489319B
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006740 morphological transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/295—Gasification of minerals, e.g. for producing mixtures of combustible gases
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
- E21B47/07—Temperature
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat insulation method in an in-situ coal gasification process. Under the high temperature effect in the underground coal gasification process, the change of the internal pore crack structure of the overlying strata further leads to the improvement of the crack rate, and once the water guide cracks are formed, the influence on the tightness of the gasification furnace and the permeability of surrounding strata is great; on the other hand, the temperature loss in the gasification cavity is serious, the energy consumption is increased, and the gasification effect is weakened. According to the mechanical properties of the coal seam, paving the coal seam around the fracturing gasification cavity of the horizontal well, and injecting carbon dioxide for heat preservation. The sensor is embedded outside the heat preservation area in a drilling mode, and key monitoring is carried out on the temperature and the coal seam pressure. The application of the method is beneficial to increasing the temperature of the coal bed and reducing the energy loss.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the technical field of deep coal mining, and particularly relates to a heat insulation method in an in-situ coal gasification process.
The background technology is as follows:
the efficient and environment-friendly coal mining is a trend, and the transformation to a low-carbon green coal energy structure is an important choice for realizing the carbon-to-peak carbon neutralization. Wherein, the underground coal gasification is one of the important technical means of green and environment-friendly and efficient exploitation. Underground coal gasification is a process of generating combustible gases such as methane, hydrogen and the like in a deep coal seam through in-situ morphological transformation under controllable heat and chemical actions. The technology is mainly used for deep coal or steep coal seam exploitation, can effectively control the combustion speed and the combustion process, greatly improves the utilization rate of coal bed gas, and prevents the environment from being polluted because a large amount of ashes after coal combustion are remained underground. At present, a great deal of research and test work has been carried out on underground coal gasification, and abundant experience is accumulated and key indexes for influencing successful operation of underground coal gasification projects are accumulated. In practice, many tradeoffs and decisions are required to achieve efficient and safe operation of underground coal gasification projects. The coal underground gasification project high-efficiency safe operation can be influenced by coal seam geological conditions, monitoring of a combustion space area, monitoring and control technology of pollutants and the like while the performance is evaluated by comprehensively considering gasification efficiency, economy, environmental factors and the like.
The temperature in the gasification furnace can reach 1200 ℃, and the physical and mechanical properties of the coal bed and surrounding rock can be greatly changed at the temperature. In the whole process, the gasification agent is continuously injected to catalyze the reaction, the blast rate is increased to compensate the consumption and the dissipation of heat, and the gas heat value is kept to ensure that the gasification reaction is continuously and normally carried out. A portion of the thermal energy is transferred to the overburden, and the roof and floor must undergo structural changes due to temperature effects, resulting in an increase in fracture rate. Mainly shows that factors such as precipitation of water in pores, decomposition of minerals, thermal cracking and the like lead the inside of the overlying strata to form a water guide channel. Once moisture enters the gasification chamber, the gasification process is seriously affected and even terminated. The heat value of the gas is reduced, the influence on the establishment of a temperature field is larger, the gasification reaction rate is influenced to a certain extent, and the energy consumption is increased. During this process, a large amount of heat is generated in the deep coal seam and propagates to the periphery. Therefore, it is important to weaken the outward diffusion of the temperature in the gasification cavity and adopt a necessary technical method of cooling, heat insulation and heat preservation.
The invention comprises the following steps:
In the underground coal gasification process, the distance between a gasified coal bed and an aquifer must be considered, under the action of high temperature, the change of the crack structure of the inner hole of the overlying strata further leads to the improvement of the crack rate, and once a water guide crack is formed, the influence on the tightness of the gasification furnace and the permeability of surrounding rocks is great; on the other hand, the temperature loss in the gasification cavity is serious, the energy consumption is increased, the gasification effect is weakened, and the reduction of the temperature loss is also an important link of low-carbon green environment-friendly exploitation. The method is proposed, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: determining fracturing pressure, firstly sampling a gasified coal bed, and determining the stratum pressure of the coal mine. And carrying out a carbon dioxide fracturing experiment on the coal bed to enable the coal bed to generate a large number of cracks and have fewer through cracks, wherein the fracturing pressure is obtained through a laboratory experiment. Under laboratory conditions, respectively carrying out fracturing experiments under different pressures, applying original confining pressure, and obtaining the crack expansion condition through CT scanning and pore-penetration measuring means. Based on that cracks are generated more and the permeability is not obviously improved, the optimal fracturing pressure is selected.
Step 2: and (3) drilling a well by construction, drilling an upper layer of horizontal well and a lower layer of horizontal well in the deep coal exploitation direction, arranging two pipelines on each layer around the gasification cavity, and constructing an injection well. The horizontal well-gasifier distance is greater than one half the distance between horizontal wells. According to the step 1, the furthest distance of crack propagation under preset fracturing pressure is determined, namely the distance between the upper horizontal well pipes, so that the coal seam in the middle position of the upper horizontal well is ensured to be effectively fractured. The design method of the lower horizontal pipe is the same as that of the upper horizontal well pipe. The effective fracturing means that the porosity of the coal seam is obviously changed through fracturing, and the crack expansion condition ensures that the heat preservation gas can fill the coal seam in a large area.
And (3) data monitoring, wherein temperature sensors and pressure sensors are uniformly arranged around the walls of the upper layer horizontal well pipe and the lower layer horizontal well pipe. The detection equipment comprises a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, wherein the temperature sensor detects the temperature of a coal bed in real time, collects temperature change information, and injects supercritical carbon dioxide to perform further cooling treatment so as to enable the temperature change to be in a controllable range when the temperature is increased by gasification reaction, so that the influence of the temperature on a overlying strata structure is reduced. The pressure sensor is positioned at the fracturing gas outlet of the horizontal well, monitors the gas pressure, judges the relation between the injection pressure and the stratum pressure and the gasifier pressure, and ensures that the injection pressure is higher than the stratum pressure and lower than the gasifier pressure.
Step 3: fracturing the coal seam at an optimal fracturing pressure.
Step 4: the heat preservation and heat insulation are realized, the carbon dioxide which is the heat preservation gas is filled, the injection pressure is larger than the reservoir pressure and smaller than the pressure in the gasification furnace, and the heat preservation gas is ensured not to enter the gasification furnace when filling the coal bed. Carbon dioxide gas is continuously injected in the gasification process. In the coal seam fracture, carbon dioxide can diffuse to pore channels or be adsorbed on pore walls in original fracture and fracturing fracture, and a supercritical state of the carbon dioxide can exist in partial areas due to different pore pressures and temperatures.
Step 5: and (3) energy is utilized, and after the coal bed is filled with carbon dioxide for a period of time, a small amount of carbon dioxide can be adsorbed on the hole wall, so that the carbon dioxide is stored. After the exploitation operation is finished, the fracturing well pipe can be pulled out and put into use again, so that low-carbon and environment-friendly recycling is realized.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the implementation of the method of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a coal seam horizontal well drilling in accordance with the present invention
FIG. 3 is a front view of a horizontal well in a coal seam in accordance with the present invention
FIG. 4 is a top view of a coal seam horizontal well drilling in accordance with the present invention
In the figure: 1-a coal seam roof; 2, a coal seam to be mined; 3-a coal seam floor; 4-an injection well; 5-a horizontal well; 6-temperature sensor and pressure sensor.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Step 1: determining fracturing pressure, firstly sampling a gasified coal bed, and determining the stratum pressure of the coal mine. And carrying out a carbon dioxide fracturing experiment on the coal bed to enable the coal bed to generate a large number of cracks and have fewer through cracks, wherein the fracturing pressure is obtained through a laboratory experiment. Under laboratory conditions, respectively carrying out fracturing experiments under different pressures, applying original confining pressure, and obtaining the crack expansion condition through CT scanning and pore-penetration measuring means. Based on that cracks are generated more and the permeability is not obviously improved, the optimal fracturing pressure is selected.
Step 2: and determining the furthest distance of crack propagation under preset fracturing pressure, namely the distance between the upper horizontal well pipes, according to the crack characteristics of the coal bed gasification cavity position and the fracturing pressure on the reservoir, so as to ensure that the coal bed in the middle position of the upper horizontal well is also effectively fractured. The design method of the lower horizontal pipe is the same as that of the upper horizontal well pipe. The horizontal well-gasifier distance is greater than one half the distance between horizontal wells. And then determining the track of the ground injection well and the horizontal well, drilling the horizontal well in a designated position by using a ground drilling machine, arranging two pipelines on each layer around the gasification cavity, and constructing the injection well. The injection well is connected to a horizontal well as shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 3, temperature sensors and pressure sensors are uniformly arranged around the walls of the upper horizontal well pipe and the lower horizontal well pipe in a drilling mode. The temperature sensor detects the temperature of the coal bed in real time, collects temperature change information, and when the temperature is increased by gasification, in order to reduce the influence of the temperature on the overlying strata structure, the supercritical carbon dioxide is injected for further cooling treatment, so that the temperature change is in a controllable range. And the pressure sensor monitors the pressure in the coal bed in real time and judges the relation between the injection pressure and the stratum pressure and the gasifier pressure.
Step 3: fracturing the coal seam at an optimal fracturing pressure.
Step 4: and (5) filling heat preservation gas carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide gas is continuously injected in the gasification process, so that the heat preservation gas is ensured to fill the coal bed, gasification reaction and output results are not influenced, the injection pressure is larger than the reservoir pressure and smaller than the pressure in the gasification furnace, and the heat preservation gas is ensured to fill the coal bed and cannot enter the gasification furnace.
Step 5: after the coal bed is filled with carbon dioxide for a period of time, a small amount of carbon dioxide can be adsorbed on the hole wall, so that the carbon dioxide is stored. After the exploitation operation is finished, the fracturing well pipe can be pulled out and put into use again, so that low-carbon and environment-friendly recycling is realized.
Claims (5)
1. The method for insulating heat of the coal bed in the in-situ coal gasification process is characterized by comprising the following steps of;
step one: drilling four horizontal wells in a deep coal bed to be gasified, wherein two horizontal wells are paved above the four horizontal wells, two horizontal wells are paved below the four horizontal wells, the paving direction of the horizontal wells is consistent with the gasification direction, and an injection well is constructed;
Step two: carrying out carbon dioxide fracturing on the coal bed around the gasification cavity, and selecting proper fracturing pressure to ensure that the newly increased cracks do not influence the output of gasification products from a normal exploitation channel;
step three: in the gasification exploitation process, heat preservation gas is continuously injected into the fractured coal seam through four horizontal wells so as to ensure that the coal seam cracks are filled with the heat preservation gas, and the heat preservation and heat insulation effects are achieved;
In the second step, the coal bed between the upper layer horizontal fracturing well and the lower layer horizontal fracturing well is fractured, the porosity of the coal bed is enlarged, and the fracturing pressure is obtained through laboratory experiments;
in the third step, the injected heat preservation gas is carbon dioxide, the injection pressure is larger than the stratum pressure of the coal mine and smaller than the pressure in the gasification furnace, so that the carbon dioxide can be ensured to fill the coal bed in a large area and cannot enter the gasification cavity to influence gasification reaction;
Under laboratory conditions, respectively carrying out fracturing experiments under different pressures, applying original confining pressure, obtaining crack expansion conditions through CT scanning and pore-penetration measuring means, so as to generate more cracks, and selecting optimal fracturing pressure on the basis of no obvious improvement of permeability;
According to the experiment, the furthest distance of crack expansion under the optimal fracturing pressure is determined as the distance between the upper horizontal well pipes, so that the coal seam in the middle position of the upper horizontal well is ensured to be effectively fractured; the design method of the lower horizontal pipe is the same as that of the upper horizontal well pipe; the distance of the horizontal wells, the gasifier, is greater than one half of the distance between the horizontal wells.
2. The method for insulating heat of a coal seam in an in-situ coal gasification process according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the upper horizontal well pipe and the lower horizontal well pipe are uniformly provided with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor.
3. The method for insulating heat of a coal bed in an in-situ coal gasification process according to claim 2, wherein the detection equipment comprises a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor; the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the coal bed in real time, collects temperature change information, and injects supercritical carbon dioxide for further cooling treatment to enable the temperature change to be in a controllable range when the temperature is increased by gasification reaction so as to reduce the influence of the temperature on a overlying strata structure; and the pressure sensor monitors the pressure in the coal bed in real time and judges the relation between the injection pressure and the stratum pressure and the gasifier pressure.
4. The method for insulating heat of the coal seam in the in-situ coal gasification process according to claim 1, wherein the crack expansion capacity of the mined coal seam is researched according to the mechanical characteristics of the coal seam, the furthest crack expansion distance under the fracturing pressure is judged, the distance between horizontal well pipes is determined, and the coal seam in the middle position of two horizontal wells is effectively fractured.
5. The method for insulating heat of the coal seam in the in-situ coal gasification process according to claim 4, wherein the effective fracturing means that the porosity of the coal seam is obviously changed through fracturing, and the crack expansion condition ensures that the insulating gas can fill the coal seam in a large area.
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| CN202311516355.1A CN117489319B (en) | 2023-11-15 | 2023-11-15 | Method for heat insulation and preservation of coal seam in-situ coal gasification process |
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Patent Citations (7)
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