CN1854459A - Underground coal gasification - Google Patents

Underground coal gasification Download PDF

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CN1854459A
CN1854459A CN 200510064769 CN200510064769A CN1854459A CN 1854459 A CN1854459 A CN 1854459A CN 200510064769 CN200510064769 CN 200510064769 CN 200510064769 A CN200510064769 A CN 200510064769A CN 1854459 A CN1854459 A CN 1854459A
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gasification
gasification furnace
underground
coal
furnace
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CN100420824C (en
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余力
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ENN Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
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余力
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Abstract

A coal gasification process of coal bed deep underneath includes a gasification furnace in the coal bed, a gas let in canal linking one end of the furnace to ground, a gas let out canal linking the other end of the furnace to ground. Gas generated by coal burning in the furnace is collected. A drain system links a drain outlet over 10 meters below the furnace to the ground.

Description

Underground coal gasification
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underground coal gasification, particularly, relate in particular to a kind of coal seam at following no well formula coal gasification below 1000 meters approximately with preferable drainaging scheme.
Background technology
Underground coal gasification(UCG) is with being in underground coal the burning of control to be arranged, produce fuel gas by heat effect and chemical action to coal, integrate the multidisciplinary exploitation clear energy sources of shaft building, coal mining, gasification technological process and the new technology of industrial chemicals, its essence is extract in the coal contain can composition, becoming the physics coal mining is that chemistry is mined, thereby have that safety is good, small investment, efficient height, pollute characteristics such as few, be described as second generation coal-mining method.
See also Fig. 1, the gasifying underground coal technology is to dig air-flow and gasification tunnel in the coal seam, blast air or oxygen enrichment or steam on the ground from the air communication road junction, and use igniter to light subterranean coal, and sustainable supply gasifying agent, constantly burning in the coal seam, makes the coal seam in the gasification tunnel of bottom that chemical reaction at high temperature take place, and producible great number of flammable gas is with as industrial energy or domestic energy.
Realize the underground coal gasification(UCG) process, available two kinds of technology paths are finished, and 1. the well formula is arranged; 2. there is not the well formula.
One, " the well formula is arranged ":
So-called " the well formula is arranged " promptly when setting up underground gasification furnace, in the coal seam of manually going into the well, carries out roadway construction, builds the air-flow and the burning gallery of underground gasification furnace, and all underground engineering constructions are all finished by manually going into the well.
" the well formula is arranged; " furnaceman's skill is built in underground coal gasification(UCG), be applicable to down-hole engineering production technique and (be the coal that abandoned is scrapped at coal resources that can't back production, as various coal columns etc.), because the facility of setting up in the time of can utilizing the various tunnels of existing mine and well worker to mine, form large-scale production greatly and easily so implement the gasification tunnel of the construction project of coal underground gasifying furnace, both reduced the cost of building underground gasification furnace, make full use of the fixed assets in colliery again, realized the storage operation in colliery.
The advantage that " the well formula is arranged " is subjected to the technical condition limited degree low exactly, manually can direct intervention builds the various links in the stove process, guarantees that underground gasification furnace builds on request.
Two, " no well formula ":
So-called " no well formula " need not manually go into the well exactly, utilizes drilling technique, and as the heavy caliber drilling well, technology such as directional drilling are finished the construction project of underground gasification furnace.Because coal seam, deep and worker's cost of winning height can adopt this method to carry out the actual mining of coal seam, deep (below 1000 meters).
The advantage of " no well formula " is built furnaceman and is planted simply, and the construction period is short, can be used for the deep and reaches coal seam gasification under water.Its shortcoming is because gas channel is narrow, influence gas output, boring cost height, in building the stove process, can't use manual work, be subjected to the restriction of drilling technology, and press on highland, underground deep, the influence of hydraulic pressure etc. under the highland, make underground gasification furnace in construction, must utilize gases at high pressure and ground to press equilibrium establishment.External at present a lot of countries all carry out research and development to this technology as the former Soviet Union, the U.S., Britain, France, Belgium and Eastern Europe, have only the former Soviet Union to build the large-scale industrial production underground gasification station, and other countries only carry out small-scale type approval test.
When gasified in the coal seam, deep, at first to carry out draining and ignite to make things convenient for it to the gasification coal seam; Certainly, in gasification,, just can carry out draining and handle as long as the water condition in coal seam is not suitable for combustion gasification.But, at present the deep is not had well formula gasification furnace and also do not have preferable drainaging scheme, just adopt high-pressure blast simply, ponding in the stove directly all is pressed in the coal body on every side of furnace wall.This method not only consume energy and also drainage effect poor.
In addition, in the process of exploitation that the deep subterranean coal is gasified, because the high geostatic stress in deep, high deep ground water pressure, the frequent gas burst accident that occurs and complicated factors such as geologic structure, make that the gasification furnace in underground deep occurs that underground water constantly infiltrates in the gasification furnace, gasification furnace is depressed on the highland, deep and deformed, cause problems such as gas channel is not smooth after the unstability.
At present, the problem of energy crisis of China becomes increasingly conspicuous, and as can not effectively being solved, will bring numerous obstacles to Chinese economic development; And the dark coal resources of China's km, prognostic reserves have more than the many trillion ton, necessity that exploitation is arranged does not in fact above-mentionedly have the problem that exists in the well formula gasifying underground coal technology in the deep, the special following dark gasifying underground coal process of new km that proposes of the present invention in order to solve.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Gas Production cost, higher method that is used for deep gasifying underground coal fire grate water of efficient of reducing.
Two of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of device gasification furnace outlet passageway, that cushion and store the gas of coal gasification generation that is connected.
Three of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of new igniter and method of can be in high pressure boring igniter being rendered to smoothly in the high-pressure gasified stove.
Four of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of gasification face that makes along upwards burning of seam inclination, constantly enlarges burning area, and large-area coal is fully gasified, and to improve gas production, prolongs the blowing-type combustion method of the length of service of gasification furnace.
Five of purpose of the present invention be by different time to each boring electric thermo-couple temperature measurement, and can collect parameters such as temperature gradient in conjunction with the physical prospecting technology, calculate oxidation, reduction, destructive distillation band length, translational speed, with and the science data such as variation of gas component.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is design like this:
A kind of underground coal gasification, this process step is included in the coal seam to be gasified builds underground gasification furnace, end at underground gasification furnace is drilled with the inlet channel that is communicated with ground, the other end at underground gasification furnace is drilled with the outlet passageway that is communicated with ground, light the coal seam of a certain end in the gasification furnace then by igniter, in gasification furnace, supply with simultaneously gasifying agent, the last coal gas that produces of facing on ground is collected and is handled, wherein gasification furnace is provided with drain hole outward, this drain hole one end elevates above the soil, and the other end and described underground gasification furnace link, to constitute the drainage system of underground gasification furnace, be lower than at the bottom of the hole of wherein said drain hole at the bottom of the gasification furnace more than 10 meters, and make water shut off treatment.
The preferred igniter of the present invention comprises transition conduit, be communicated with in the passage that one end of this transition conduit inserts with gasification furnace is communicated with and with its maintenance, and the other end extends ground and seal lid, middle part in described transition conduit is provided with valve, between valve and transition conduit, form transition chamber, in the transition conduit periphery one conveying device is installed, this conveying device utilizes rope to suspend an igniter in midair in transition chamber, described rope enters transition chamber by the sealing slip pipe that is inserted in the transition conduit seal cover, to realize the rising and the descending motion of igniter under the situation of transition conduit sealing.
The present invention preferably connects at least one gasholder at the outlet passageway output, to cushion and to deposit the gas that gasification furnace produces.
The present invention preferably adopts the filling process method while gasifying, utilize the stowage unit on ground, coagulable fluid filled material is injected the combustion dead zone, and described packing material solidifies under the hot conditions of gasification furnace to form entity, reaches the not purpose of unstability of supporting gasification face; In super high seam, build the gasification furnace group when gasifying, between each levels, between each stove of same level, do not need to reserve coal column, charges just can reach the purpose that makes full use of coal resources with the displacement of the isolated coal pillar between each stove, make not abandoned of coal resources, and the route of Groundwater Flow is by underground gasification furnace, just can polluted underground water; In addition, the present invention also can utilize gases at high pressure to inject in the stove and carry out partial stowage to underground gasification furnace internal combustion dead zone, these two kinds of methods can be deep gasifying underground coal stove effective supporting method are provided, in case when air supply pipe gas leakage or power failure take place, can reduce the accident risk that causes the body of heater unstability to subside.
The present invention preferably adopts forward and reverse air blast (promptly periodically with inlet channel and outlet passageway exchange function) to make the gasification face of wire, along upwards burning of seam inclination, constantly enlarge burning area, large-area coal is fully gasified, to improve gas production, the length of service that prolongs gasification furnace;
The present invention is preferably at the outside thermocouple string that different depth is installed of each boring, by the measurement of different time to each boring thermocouple high-temperature, and can collect parameters such as temperature gradient in conjunction with the physical prospecting technology, calculate oxidation, reduction, destructive distillation band length, translational speed, with and the science data such as variation of gas component.
By adopting technique scheme, can obviously improve the underground gasification furnace draining and render a service, optimize the means of lighting the coal seam, improve deep coal seam gasification effect, for gasification furnace provides effective support, and save a large amount of energy, reduce the Gas Production cost.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of coal underground gasifying technology method;
Fig. 2 A is the schematic diagram that deep of the present invention does not have the front view in well formula coal underground gasifying furnace system cross section;
Fig. 2 B is the schematic diagram that deep of the present invention does not have the lateral view in well formula coal underground gasifying furnace system cross section;
Fig. 2 C is the schematic diagram that deep of the present invention does not have the vertical view in well formula coal underground gasifying furnace system cross section;
Fig. 3 A is the schematic diagram that deep of the present invention does not have the front view in well formula coal underground gasifying furnace drainage system cross section;
Fig. 3 B is the schematic diagram that deep of the present invention does not have the lateral view in well formula coal underground gasifying furnace drainage system cross section;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that deep of the present invention does not have well formula coal underground gasifying furnace combustion dead zone filling technique;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that deep of the present invention does not have well formula coal underground gasifying furnace igniter.
The specific embodiment
See also Fig. 2 A, 2B, 3A, 3B and Fig. 4, the underground no well formula coal gasification of deep layer of the present invention (as below 1000 meters) is included in the coal seam to be gasified 5 and builds underground gasification furnace 8, is drilled with the inlet channel 2 that is communicated with ground and is drilled with the outlet passageway 4 that is communicated with ground at its other end at an end of underground gasification furnace 8, described underground gasification furnace 8 constitutes the U-shaped structure with inlet channel 2 and outlet passageway 4, is provided with auxiliary outlet passageway 3 at this U-shaped structure middle part.In fact, the shape that constitutes between gasification furnace 8 and inlet channel 2 and the outlet passageway 4 is not limited to U-shaped, so long as inlet channel 2 and outlet passageway 4 are connected with gasification furnace 8, and being beneficial to the discharge of coal seam gasification burning and coal gas gets final product, therefore, can adjust the layout of inlet channel 2, outlet passageway 4 gasification furnaces 8 according to actual needs.
After finishing above-mentioned construction project, build drain hole 1, the extension that faces down from ground of this drain hole 1, horizontal-extending also passes through gasification furnace 8 furnace bottoms gradually after entering the coal seam, the distance that requires to arrive furnace bottom at the bottom of the hole is at least greater than 10 meters, and does the water seal measure, and reaching can only draining, purpose that can not exhaust.Like this, the boring of gasification furnace 8 is communicated with gasification furnace 8 drain hole 1 outward, thereby the gasification furnace 8 in underground deep and ground are connected, to constitute the drainage system 6 of gasification furnace 8.
When carrying out draining, can adopt water booster system at least one pressurization in the above-mentioned passage that is communicated with gasification furnace 81,2,3,4, and close remaining passage for gasification furnace 8; Under the effect of water booster system, the air pressure in the gasification furnace 8 increase, thereby the water in the gasification furnace 8 can correspondingly flow to the bottom of drain hole 1 under the effect of high pressure, and and then infiltrate hole ground coal layer; As another preferred scheme, can be at least one pressurization in the passage 2,3,4 that is communicated with gasification furnace 8, and only open drainage channel 1, under the effect of water booster system, air pressure in the gasification furnace 8 increases, thereby the water in the gasification furnace 8 can correspondingly flow to the bottom of drain hole 1 under anticyclonic effect, along with the increase of gasification furnace internal gas pressure, water level in the drain hole 1 can continue to descend, and then flows out from drain hole 1 to small part.Utilize technique scheme, for a long time the ponding in the underground gasification furnace 8 are effluxed, can make near the drawdown the underground gasification furnace 8, and drawdown has just reduced the pressure of underground water to gasification furnace 8 naturally, and reduced power consumption, reduction Gas Production cost.
After drainage works finishes, light coal seam 5 by igniter 9 (seeing also Fig. 5).This igniter 9 comprises the transition conduit of inserting in the inlet channel 2 94, and an end of this transition conduit 94 inserts inlet channel 2, and the other end extends ground.Wherein this transition conduit 94 end of inserting inlet channels 2 is communicated with maintenances in the inlet channel 2, and its other end seals and covers 93.Be provided with valve 97 at the middle part of described transition conduit 94, between valve 97 and transition conduit 94, form transition chamber.In transition conduit 94 peripheries one conveying device 92 is installed, winch gear etc. for example, this conveying device 92 comprises a fixed pulley, conveying device 92 utilizes the rope by this fixed pulley to suspend an igniter 96 in midair in transition chamber, described rope enters transition chamber by the sealing slip pipe 90 that is inserted in transition conduit 94 seal covers 93, like this, is guaranteeing under the transition conduit sealing situation of (promptly isolating with outside air), realize the motion of rope, promptly realize the rising and the descending motion of igniter 96.Wherein conveying device 92 is preferred but be not limited to use winch, pulley and Abseiling device, and other conventional replacement device that those of ordinary skills can associate can be as conveying device 92 of the present invention.
When using described igniter 9, need first valve-off 97, by conveying device 92 igniter 96 is sent into transition chamber then; The end that bassets of sealing transition pipe 94 then, the rope of conveying device 92 enters transition chamber by sealing slip pipe 90, and seals and cover 93; Next open valve 97, transition chamber be communicated with inlet channel 2, after transition chamber and boring internal gas pressure equilibrium, put igniter 96 and enter inlet channel 2, and and then enter gasification furnace 8; At last, start this igniter 96, to light the coal seam in the gasification furnace 8.Concrete ignition method is: utilization is blown out or drill bit will be pulverized in the coal seam of gasification furnace 8, and sprays combustible material by igniter 96 on pulverized coal seam, lights pulverized coal seam then, to form the condition of large tracts of land burning.In order to guarantee the unimpeded of outlet passageway 4, must remove the obstruction at 4 ends of outlet passageway totally before the igniting, after supercooled state flowing resistance mensuration is qualified, can light a fire, the wind supply quantity initial stage is little (as 10 meters 3/ h), increase wind supply quantity gradually, begin to detect gas composition after igniting a period of time, after gas composition reached design objective, the igniting operation was just calculated end.
After the coal seam of gasification furnace 8 takes fire, need its burning is monitored and controlled.At the outside thermocouple string (not shown) that different depth is installed of each boring, by the temperature of each boring thermocouple being measured at different time, and can collect parameters such as temperature gradient in conjunction with the physical prospecting technology, can calculate oxidation, reduction, destructive distillation band length, translational speed, with and the science data such as variation of gas component.
In addition, as optimized technical scheme of the present invention, in gasification furnace 8 coal combustion processes, can adopt forward and reverse air blast, promptly periodically with inlet channel 1 and outlet passageway 4 exchange functions, make the gasification face of wire,, constantly enlarge burning area along upwards burning of seam inclination, large-area coal is fully gasified, reach the raising gas production, prolong the purpose of the length of service of gasification furnace, and cancelled the external expense that adopts many boring methods that gather for the coal in the large tracts of land that gasifies.
In super high seam, build the gasification furnace group when gasifying, between each levels, between each stove of same level, do not need to reserve coal column, charges just can to reach the purpose that makes full use of coal resources, make not abandoned of coal resources with the displacement of the isolated coal pillar between each stove, and the route of Groundwater Flow is not by underground gasification furnace, to avoid contaminated.
Because coal body is the elastoplasticity material, the as easy as rolling off a log space compressing distortion of external force with underground gasification furnace 8.For keeping gasification tunnel unimpeded, utilize auxiliary bore hole, adopt limit gasification, limit filling process, as shown in Figure 4, with solidifiable material (as: cement mortar etc.), inject in the combustion dead zone with stowage unit 7 (as high-pressure pump), under the hot conditions of these charges in underground stove, be frozen into high-intensity prop, play a supporting role, guarantee that gasification tunnel is unimpeded.The used stowage unit 7 in ground can adopt the passage of High-power Mud Pump and certain-length.Because the drop of filling is about 1000 meters, has enough big potential energy, utilize the gravitional force of filler just can finish stowing operation, after filler injects the combustion dead zone, owing to itself be fluid, have characteristics to recess stream, naturally the low-lying place that just will fire the dead zone is filled and led up, and after filler was frozen into solid, its compressive strength was much higher than the coal seam, therefore just play the supporting gasification tunnel, guaranteed the unimpeded effect of passage.
In addition, as optimized technical scheme of the present invention, can be by channel deformation and obstruction to pressurizeing in the gasification furnace 8 to prevent underground gasification furnace 8, as in the subterranean coal gasification of deep, when geostatic stress during greater than ground water pressure, gas pressure in the gasification furnace 8 must be greater than geostatic stress, at this moment close drain hole 1 exit valve (not shown), and from the pressurization of other passages to improve gas pressures in the underground gasification furnace 8, for example by inlet channel 1 input gasifying agent (as air, oxygen, water vapour etc.).In this process, the drain tap (not shown) of temporary close outlet passageway 4, and in a period of time, keep gasification furnace 8 coal combustions.After being burned to certain phase, it promptly may finish self-supporting, its compressive strength rate coal of coke that produces in combustion process as coal is high a lot, so can be used as underground gasification furnace gasification tunnel prop, make gasification tunnel keep certain space, just can make gasification furnace 8 stable gasifications.After gasification furnace 8 is stablized, get final product the valve of opening water discharge hole 1 and outlet passageway 4, proceed continuous gasification.Because the burning in the gasification furnace 8 is very complicated, and can produce different combustion cases with geology characteristic because of different atures of coal, therefore, in concrete process to underground coal seam gasification, can adopt above-mentioned filling type supporting or increase the supporting that the method for pressing in the gasification furnace 8 is finished gasification furnace 8 according to actual conditions, perhaps take diverse ways respectively in the different phase of gasification, as long as can guarantee gasification furnace 8 coal combustions gasifications smoothly, and outlet passageway 4 smooth and easy the getting final product continuously of giving vent to anger.
In super high seam, must carry out stratified carburation, promptly realize having the combustion gasification of control, because inlet channel 1 place's coal burned intact after, oxidized zone is inevitable to be moved to outlet passageway 1 place, after the coal body combustion gasification finishes in this layer gasification furnace 8, and the filling in time of combustion dead zone, with top board as lower floor's stove, this is indispensable operation, and can save owing to take to reserve the method for coal column, avoids the wasting of resources.
The structure of the under ground portion that the underground no well formula coal gasification of deep layer of the present invention is involved can be finished by drilling technique, underground perforation technology, thereby provides sufficient space for coal burning and thermal chemical reaction in the coal seam.Drilling technique comprises vertical drilling, with the approaching coal seam to be gasified from ground; And the perforation technology comprises reverse burning and directed drilling.
After producing gas, collect and utilize the gas of discharging.The present invention preferably adopts at least one gasholder (not shown) to store the gas of generation.Adopt this gasholder, the gas that gasification is produced obtains buffering, and guarantees that the gas of being exported by this gasholder is continuous and air pressure is steady, thereby is user-friendly to.When using burning coal gas, need quality according to the coal gas that produces, carry out different purposes, for example be directly connected to the industrial energy of chemical plant as gaseous fuel or large-scale steelshop, perhaps by gas pipeline transportation service in the resident family as domestic energy.

Claims (7)

1. underground coal gasification, its process step is included in the coal seam to be gasified builds underground gasification furnace, end at underground gasification furnace is drilled with the inlet channel that is communicated with ground, the other end at underground gasification furnace is drilled with the outlet passageway that is communicated with ground, light the coal seam of the end in the gasification furnace then by igniter, in gasification furnace, supply with simultaneously gasifying agent, the last coal gas that produces of facing on ground is collected and is handled, it is characterized in that: gasification furnace is provided with drain hole outward, this drain hole one end elevates above the soil, and the other end and described underground gasification furnace link, to constitute the drainage system of underground gasification furnace, be lower than at the bottom of the hole of wherein said drain hole at the bottom of the gasification furnace more than 10 meters, and make water shut off treatment, when described gasification furnace is carried out draining, to with passage that gasification furnace is communicated with at least one pressurization, and only open drainage channel, and press in the gasification furnace to increase, water level in the drain hole can be descended and discharge from drain hole.
2. underground coal gasification as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described igniter comprises transition conduit, be communicated with in the passage that one end of this transition conduit inserts with gasification furnace is communicated with and with its maintenance, and the other end extends ground and seal lid, middle part in described transition conduit is provided with valve, between valve and transition conduit, form transition chamber, in the transition conduit periphery one conveying device is installed, this conveying device utilizes rope to suspend an igniter in midair in transition chamber, described rope enters transition chamber by the sealing slip pipe that is inserted in the transition conduit seal cover, to realize the rising and the descending motion of igniter under the situation of transition conduit sealing.
3. underground coal gasification as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: connect at least one buffering and deposit the gasholder of the gas that gasification furnace produces at the outlet passageway output.
4. underground coal gasification as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: when carrying out coal seam gasification, carry out filling, the percentage of condensable fluid material is injected in the combustion dead zone with stowage unit, under the hot conditions of these fluid-filled things in underground stove, be frozen into high strength, be used for supporting the prop of gasification tunnel.
5. underground coal gasification as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: in the gasification technological process process, by closing the valve that is arranged on the drain hole exit, and from other passages to underground gasification furnace pressurization to improve the underground gasification furnace inner gas pressure, to provide supporting to gasification tunnel.
6. underground coal gasification as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: in deep layer subterranean coal gasification, adopt forward and reverse air blast, promptly periodically with inlet channel and outlet passageway exchange function, make gasification furnace repeatedly combustion gasification to constitute the large tracts of land gasification.
7. underground coal gasification as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: at the outside thermocouple string that different depth is installed of each pore, the high temperature value of surveying by different time and collect parameter such as temperature gradient, with the length that obtains oxidation, reduction, destructive distillation band, translational speed, with and gas component change.
CNB2005100647690A 2005-04-21 2005-04-21 Underground coal gasification Active CN100420824C (en)

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