CN117488133A - Preparation and application of low-nickel silicon bronze alloy material - Google Patents
Preparation and application of low-nickel silicon bronze alloy material Download PDFInfo
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- CN117488133A CN117488133A CN202311284889.6A CN202311284889A CN117488133A CN 117488133 A CN117488133 A CN 117488133A CN 202311284889 A CN202311284889 A CN 202311284889A CN 117488133 A CN117488133 A CN 117488133A
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- PEUPIGGLJVUNEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Ni] PEUPIGGLJVUNEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012629 purifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Cu] Chemical compound [Cr].[Cu] GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[P] Chemical compound [Cu].[P] RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WCCJDBZJUYKDBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Cu] WCCJDBZJUYKDBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000555745 Sciuridae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910017876 Cu—Ni—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium copper Chemical compound [Be].[Cu] DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTYUEDCPRIMJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zirconium Chemical compound [Cu].[Zr] XTYUEDCPRIMJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021484 silicon-nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a low-nickel silicon bronze alloy material, which comprises the following steps: s1, smelting; s2, casting; s3, hot forging; s4, solution treatment; s5, cold forging; s6, aging treatment; the copper alloy contains 1 to 1.6wt.% of Ni,0.1 to 0.25wt.% of Cr,0.2 to 0.35wt.% of Si,0.01 to 0.03wt.% of P and the balance of Cu.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of copper alloy, in particular to preparation and application of a low-nickel silicon bronze alloy material.
Background
The Cu-Ni-Si alloy is a precipitation strengthening type high-strength and middle-conductivity nickel-silicon bronze alloy, has excellent comprehensive performance, can replace high-elasticity beryllium copper in many occasions, and is currently used as a special material for high-speed electrified railway contact net parts, motor slot wedges, lead frames and the like. The Cu-Ni-Si alloy has high strength, and the tensile strength can be kept at about 500MPa after the simulated brazing treatment. However, the cu—ni—si alloy itself has low electrical conductivity, and thus cannot meet the electrical and thermal conductivity requirements of some parts, and thus has a great limitation in application.
In recent years, research on cu—ni—si based alloys has been mainly focused on the combination optimization of multi-element alloying, heat treatment and processing processes. For example, in the prior art, chinese patent publication nos. CN 101717877a and CN 108193080a, both of which have higher nickel content and contain rare earth elements, and have high cost but still lower conductivity; the Chinese patent publication numbers CN 112853149 and CN 115652135 have improved conductivity by adding other alloy elements, but still can not meet the requirement of the conductivity of not less than 60 percent IACS.
The conductivity and hardness of the copper alloy are reduced after brazing, for example, the conductivity and hardness of the copper alloy are reduced by 50% after brazing with chromium bronze; however, the performance of the Cu-Ni-Si alloy after brazing has not been reported in the related data. The current high-strength medium-conductivity Cu-Ni-Si alloy generally has a conductivity below 50% IACS, and the conductivity is reduced by about 25% after brazing. In order to meet the electric and heat conduction requirements of some parts, the electric conductivity of Cu-Ni-Si series alloy needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method and application of a low-nickel silicon bronze alloy material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the preparation of the low nickel silicon bronze alloy material comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting:
the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 1 to 1.6wt.% of Ni,0.1 to 0.25wt.% of Cr,0.2 to 0.35wt.% of Si,0.01 to 0.03wt.% of P, and the balance being Cu;
putting the raw materials into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 1300-1450 ℃, the vacuum degree is less than 5Pa, and the smelting process is kept for degassing and deoxidizing;
s2, casting:
the casting temperature of the alloy melt is 1250-1350 ℃, and a bottom casting type casting system is adopted for casting, so that an alloy cast ingot is obtained and is subjected to turning;
s3, hot forging:
heating the alloy ingot obtained in the step S2 to 900-950 ℃, preheating a forging clamp to 250-350 ℃, and hot forging the alloy ingot for 3 times, wherein the initial forging temperature of the hot forging is 850-900 ℃, the final forging temperature is 640-660 ℃, and obtaining an alloy blank after the hot forging is finished;
s4, solution treatment:
heating the blank obtained in the step S3 to 850-900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 60-90 min at a temperature rising rate of 19-22 ℃/min, discharging the blank from the furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and cooling the blank to room temperature by water;
s5, cold forging:
carrying out cold forging on the blank obtained in the step S4, and finishing the blank after the cold forging is finished;
s6, aging treatment:
and (3) heating the blank obtained in the step (S5) to 450-500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3-5 hours at a heating rate of 5-8 ℃/min, cooling the blank to 90-100 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished, discharging, and air-cooling to room temperature.
Further, the Cu, cr and P are put into a vacuum induction furnace in the form of electrolytic copper plates, copper-chromium intermediate alloys, copper-silicon intermediate alloys and phosphorus-copper intermediate alloys, and the Ni is put into a vacuum induction furnace in the form of electrolytic nickel plates.
Description: by melting the raw materials in the above-described manner, the purity of the main elements can be improved and the content of impurities can be reduced.
Further, the content of Cr in the raw material is 0.1 to 0.2wt.%.
Description: the content range of chromium is reduced, so that the performance of the prepared alloy is in a more excellent and stable range.
Further, the content of Ni in the raw material is 1.3 to 1.5wt.%.
Description: the nickel content range is reduced, so that the prepared alloy performance is in a more excellent and stable range.
Further, in step S3, the hot forging includes upsetting and drawing.
Description: the as-cast structure is changed through upsetting and drawing, so that the coarse as-cast structure is crushed into fine grains, and the defects of the as-cast structure are reduced.
Further, in step S5, the cold forging is upsetting, and the deformation amount of the blank is 20 to 30%.
Description: the hardness and strength of the blank are improved greatly by the upsetting cold forging process.
Further, in step S1, the deaeration and deoxidization include the steps of:
in the first half period of smelting, inert gas is introduced into a vacuum induction furnace at a constant speed at a flow rate of 350-400 NL/min, and a purifying agent accounting for 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the alloy melt is added at a constant speed while the inert gas is introduced;
in the latter half period of smelting, the flow rate of inert gas is gradually slowed down at a speed of 15-25 NL/min, and the adding amount of the purifying agent per minute is reduced by 0.05-0.08 wt.% every time the flow rate of inert gas is slowed down by 60NL/min, until smelting is finished.
Description: the uniformity and stability of the smelting process can be promoted by controlling the feeding rate of inert gas in a sectional manner; the inert gas can provide better heat conductivity and thermal stability in the smelting process, so that the temperature of a molten pool is more uniform, and the alloy is uniformly mixed and the crystal growth is facilitated; the purifying agent is added in sections while ventilation is performed, and the adding rate of the purifying agent is adjusted along with the ventilation rate, so that the purifying agent can stably and efficiently remove impurities in the metal, and the purity and quality of the metal are improved.
Further, the components of the purifying agent comprise the following components in percentage by mass of 1-2: 1:0.5: zinc oxide, silicon carbide, sodium fluoride, potassium sodium silicate 0.02; the inert gas is nitrogen.
Description: the zinc oxide has higher adsorption performance and chemical reactivity, and can react with some metal impurities, so that the purifying effect is realized; silicon carbide has good stability at high temperature and inorganic property, and does not have extra influence in the purification process; sodium fluoride has the advantages of strong oxidizing property, rapidness, high efficiency, multifunction, lower cost and the like.
Further, in step S2, the casting temperature is kept unchanged, and variable speed casting is adopted, which comprises the following steps:
the initial rate of casting is 0.15-0.20 kg/s, and an initial magnetic field is applied during casting, and casting is carried out for 20-25 s, and a dispersing treatment is carried out; then the casting rate is increased to 1.2-1.4 times of the initial rate, the magnetic field strength is increased by 2-3 times compared with the initial magnetic field, secondary dispersion treatment is carried out, and finally the casting rate is reduced to the initial rate and the magnetic field is closed until the casting is completed;
the pulse frequency of the initial magnetic field is 350-750 Hz, and the magnetic field strength is 4-6T.
Description: during primary dispersion treatment, a higher pouring speed is adopted to promote the casting to be solidified more uniformly, so that the formation of air holes and inclusions is avoided, and a higher magnetic field is applied simultaneously, so that the uniform dispersion degree of the casting is improved, and the solidification area is more uniform; in the secondary dispersion treatment, the casting speed and the magnetic field strength are further improved so as to avoid the problems of stress concentration, hot cracking and the like; finally, the casting speed is returned to the initial casting speed, the magnetic field is eliminated, the final solidification and cooling are promoted, the shrinkage and the shape stability of the casting are facilitated, and the deformation and the stress are reduced.
Any one of the low-nickel silicon bronze alloy materials is applied to a squirrel-cage asynchronous motor and a continuous casting device.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The yield strength of the low-nickel silicon bronze alloy obtained by the preparation process combined with the low-nickel silicon bronze alloy is more than 500MPa, the conductivity is more than or equal to 60 percent IACS, and the size of a precipitated phase is less than 100 nm; the alloy has the advantages of fine grains, more uniform precipitated phases and tissue distribution, and can improve the strength and conductivity of the alloy, and can still keep higher strength and conductivity after the alloy is brazed, thereby being applicable to parts such as squirrel-cage asynchronous motors, continuous casting machines and the like.
(2) The low-nickel silicon bronze alloy prepared by the invention has the effect of strengthening the alloy by adding a certain amount of Ni and Cr, on one hand, ni atoms and Cu atoms are infinitely mutually dissolved, so that solid solution strengthening can be formed in the alloy, and the strength of the alloy is improved; on the other hand, ni atoms and Si atoms, cr atoms and Si atoms form nano intermetallic compound Ni 2 Si phase and Cr 3 Si phase, and Cr addition promotes Ni 2 Si is separated out, so that the conductivity is improved; the trace P is used as deoxidizer to raise the flowability of molten metal, improve the weldability, corrosion resistance, etc.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments to better embody the advantages of the invention.
Example 1
The preparation of the low nickel silicon bronze alloy material comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting:
the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 1.4wt.% Ni,0.15wt.% Cr,0.25wt.% Si,0.02wt.% P,0.05wt.% Fe,0.05wt.% Mn,0.02wt.% Pb, the balance being Cu;
putting the Cu, the Cr and the P into a vacuum induction furnace in the form of an electrolytic copper plate, a copper-chromium intermediate alloy, a copper-silicon intermediate alloy and a phosphorus-copper intermediate alloy, and smelting the Ni in the form of an electrolytic nickel plate, wherein the smelting temperature is 1375 ℃, the vacuum degree is 4Pa, the smelting time is 80min, and the smelting process is kept for degassing and deoxidizing;
s2, casting:
the casting temperature of the alloy melt is 1300 ℃, a bottom casting type casting system is adopted for casting, the casting speed is 0.15kg/s, the casting is carried out for 80 seconds, and an alloy cast ingot with the diameter of 200mm is obtained and is lathed;
s3, hot forging:
heating the alloy ingot obtained in the step S2 to 925 ℃, preheating a forging fixture to 300 ℃, and performing hot forging on the alloy ingot for 3 times, wherein the hot forging comprises upsetting and drawing, the initial forging temperature of the hot forging is 875 ℃, the final forging temperature is 650 ℃, and an alloy blank is obtained after the hot forging is finished;
s4, solution treatment:
heating the blank obtained in the step S3 to 875 ℃, keeping the temperature for 75min at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, discharging the blank from the furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and cooling the blank to room temperature by water;
s5, cold forging:
carrying out cold forging on the blank obtained in the step S4, wherein the cold forging is upsetting, the deformation of the blank is 25%, and the blank is trimmed after the cold forging is finished;
s6, aging treatment:
heating the blank obtained in the step S5 to 475 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4 hours at a heating rate of 6 ℃/min, cooling the blank to 95 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished, discharging, and air-cooling to room temperature;
the low nickel silicon bronze alloy material is applied to a squirrel cage asynchronous motor and a continuous casting device.
Example 2
The embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the raw materials include, in mass percent: 1wt.% Ni,0.1wt.% Cr,0.2wt.% Si,0.01wt.% P,0.05wt.% Fe,0.05wt.% Mn,0.02wt.% Pb, the balance being Cu.
Example 3
The embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the raw materials include, in mass percent:
1.6wt.% Ni,0.25wt.% Cr,0.35wt.% Si,0.03wt.% P,0.05wt.% Fe,0.05wt.% Mn,0.02wt.% Pb, the balance being Cu.
Example 4
This example differs from example 1 in that the content of Cr in the raw material is 0.2wt.%.
Example 5
This example differs from example 1 in that the content of Ni in the raw material is 1.3wt.%.
Example 6
This example differs from example 1 in that the content of Ni in the raw material is 1.5wt.%.
Example 7
The present example differs from example 1 in that in step S1, the melting temperature is 1300 ℃ and the melting time is 75min.
Example 8
The present example differs from example 1 in that in step S1, the melting temperature was 1450 ℃ and the melting time was 85min.
Example 9
This example differs from example 1 in that in step S2, the casting temperature of the alloy melt is 1250 ℃.
Example 10
This example differs from example 1 in that in step S2, the casting temperature of the alloy melt is 1350 ℃.
Example 11
This example differs from example 1 in that in step S3, the alloy ingot obtained in step S2 is heated to 900 ℃, the forging jig is preheated to 250 ℃, the alloy ingot is hot-forged 3 times, the initial forging temperature of the hot forging is 850 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 640 ℃.
Example 12
This example differs from example 1 in that in step S3, the alloy ingot obtained in step S2 is heated to 950 ℃, the forging jig is preheated to 350 ℃, the alloy ingot is hot-forged 3 times, the initial forging temperature of the hot forging is 900 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 660 ℃.
Example 13
The present example differs from example 1 in that in step S4, the blank obtained in step S3 is heated to 850 ℃, the heating rate is 19 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 60min.
Example 14
The present example differs from example 1 in that in step S4, the blank obtained in step S3 is heated to 900 ℃, the heating rate is 22 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 90min.
Example 15
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that in step S5, the deformation amount of the blank is 20%.
Example 16
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that in step S5, the deformation amount of the blank is 30%.
Example 17
The difference between this example and example 1 is that in step S6, the blank obtained in step S5 is heated to 450 ℃, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 3 hours, and after the temperature is kept, the blank is cooled to 90 ℃ and then is discharged from the furnace and air-cooled to room temperature.
Example 18
The difference between this example and example 1 is that in step S6, the blank obtained in step S5 is heated to 500 ℃, the heating rate is 8 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 5 hours, after the temperature is kept, the blank is cooled to 100 ℃, and then is discharged from the furnace and air-cooled to room temperature.
Example 19
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that in step S1, the deaeration and deoxidization include the steps of:
in the first half period of smelting, introducing inert gas into a vacuum induction furnace at a constant speed at a flow rate of 375NL/min, and simultaneously adding a purifying agent accounting for 1.0% of the mass of the alloy melt at a constant speed while introducing the inert gas;
in the latter half period of smelting, gradually slowing down the flow rate of the inert gas at a speed of 20NL/min, and reducing the adding amount of the purifying agent per minute by 0.07wt.% every time the flow rate of the inert gas is slowed down by 60NL/min until the smelting is finished;
the components of the purifying agent comprise the following components in percentage by mass of 1.5:1:0.5: zinc oxide, silicon carbide, sodium fluoride, potassium sodium silicate 0.02; the inert gas is nitrogen.
Example 20
This example differs from example 19 in that nitrogen was introduced into the vacuum induction furnace at a constant rate of 350NL/min during the first half of the smelting.
Example 21
This example differs from example 19 in that nitrogen was introduced into the vacuum induction furnace at a constant rate of 400NL/min during the first half of the smelting.
Example 22
This example differs from example 19 in that during the first half of the smelting, nitrogen is introduced while a scavenger accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the alloy melt is added at a constant rate.
Example 23
This example differs from example 19 in that during the first half of the smelting, nitrogen is introduced while a scavenger is added at a constant rate, which is 1.5% of the mass of the alloy melt.
Example 24
This example differs from example 19 in that during the latter half of the smelting, the nitrogen gas introduction flow rate was gradually slowed down again at a rate of 15 NL/min.
Example 25
This example differs from example 19 in that during the latter half of the smelting, the nitrogen gas feed rate was gradually slowed down again at a rate of 25 NL/min.
Example 26
This example differs from example 19 in that during the latter half of the smelting, the amount of scavenger added per minute is reduced by 0.05wt.% for each 60NL/min reduction in the flow rate of nitrogen gas to the end of the smelting.
Example 27
This example differs from example 19 in that during the latter half of the smelting, the amount of scavenger added per minute is reduced by 0.08wt.% for each 60NL/min reduction in the flow rate of nitrogen gas to the end of the smelting.
Example 28
This example differs from example 19 in that the components of the scavenger include a mass ratio of 1:1:0.5: zinc oxide, silicon carbide, sodium fluoride, and sodium potassium silicate 0.02.
Example 29
This example differs from example 19 in that the components of the scavenger include a mass ratio of 2:1:0.5: zinc oxide, silicon carbide, sodium fluoride, and sodium potassium silicate 0.02.
Example 30
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that in step S2, the casting temperature is kept unchanged, and variable speed casting is adopted, and the steps are as follows:
the initial rate of casting is 0.18kg/s, and an initial magnetic field is applied during casting, and casting is carried out for 23s, so that primary dispersion treatment is carried out; then the casting rate is increased to 1.3 times of the initial rate, the magnetic field strength is increased by 2.5 times compared with the initial magnetic field, and the casting rate is continued for 18 seconds, so that secondary dispersion treatment is carried out; finally, the casting speed is reduced to the initial speed, and the magnetic field is closed until casting is completed;
the pulse frequency of the initial magnetic field is 550Hz, and the magnetic field strength is 5T.
Example 31
This example differs from example 30 in that the initial rate of casting was 0.15kg/s, the pulse frequency of the initial magnetic field was 350Hz, the magnetic field strength was 4T, and casting was conducted for 20s in one dispersion treatment.
Example 32
This example differs from example 30 in that the initial rate of casting was 0.20kg/s, the pulse frequency of the initial magnetic field was 750Hz, the magnetic field strength was 6T, and casting was 25s at the time of one dispersion treatment.
Example 33
This example differs from example 30 in that the casting rate was increased to 1.2 times the initial rate during the secondary dispersion treatment, and the magnetic field strength was increased by 2 times compared with the initial magnetic field for 15s.
Example 34
This example differs from example 30 in that the casting rate was increased to 1.4 times the initial rate during the secondary dispersion treatment, and the magnetic field strength was increased 3 times compared to the initial magnetic field for 20s.
Experimental example
For the low nickel silicon bronze alloy materials prepared in each example, 5 samples of each example were taken to test the performance of the low nickel silicon bronze alloy materials, and the performance measurement results of the 5 samples of each example were averaged and used as the performance measurement results of the example, and the following specific studies were conducted:
1. the effect of the element ratio on the hardness and conductivity of the low nickel silicon bronze alloy material was investigated.
Table 1 effects of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2 on Hardness (HB) and conductivity (% IACS) of low nickel silicon bronze alloy materials before and after brazing
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that the raw material comprises Ni in mass percent: 2.05wt.%, cr:0.13wt.%, zr:0.2wt.%, si:0.67wt.%, P:0.0004wt.% and the balance Cu.
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that the raw material comprises Ni in mass percent: 1.36wt.%, cr:0.546wt.%, si:0.456wt.%, P:0.01wt.% and the balance Cu.
As can be seen from table 1, in comparative example 1, the Ni content was too high, the hardness increased with the increase in the conductivity, but the conductivity was significantly decreased, and the increase in the hardness was smaller than the decrease in the conductivity, and in comparative example 2, the Cr content was too high and Zr element was absent, and the hardness was improved as compared with examples 1 to 6, but the effect was significantly decreased after brazing, and the conductivity was poor before and after brazing, so that the combination of comparative examples 1 and 2 was not as good as examples 1 to 6;
as can be seen from comparative examples 1 to 6, the hardness and conductivity of the low nickel-silicon bronze alloy material are affected by the Ni and Cr contents, and the overall effect of examples 4 to 6 is improved but less than that of examples 2 to 3, and the effect of example 1 is reduced by too high or too low Ni and Cr contents, so that the element content distribution of example 1 is more excellent.
2. The influence of each step in the preparation process on the hardness and the conductivity of the low-nickel silicon bronze alloy material is explored.
TABLE 2 influence of examples 7-18 on Hardness (HB) and conductivity (% IACS) of copper zirconium alloy rings
As can be seen from the results of table 2, the hardness of examples 8, 10, 14 and 18 was improved compared with example 1, but the improvement was lower than the decrease in conductivity, so that the effect of the parameters of example 1 was relatively better in combination.
3. The effect on the hardness and conductivity of the low nickel silicon bronze alloy material when degassing and deoxidizing was investigated.
TABLE 3 influence of examples 19-29 and comparative examples 3-5 on Hardness (HB) and conductivity (% IACS) of Low Nickel silicon bronze alloy materials
Comparative example 3 differs from example 19 in that the flow rate of nitrogen gas introduced was unchanged during the latter half of the smelting.
Comparative example 4 is different from example 19 in that the addition rate of the scavenger is maintained at a constant rate during the latter half of the smelting.
Comparative example 5 differs from example 19 in that the components of the scavenger include a mass ratio of 1.502:1: zinc oxide, silicon carbide, and sodium fluoride 0.5.
As is clear from the results in table 3, in comparative example 3, the overall effect of comparative examples 3 to 5 is reduced compared with examples 19 to 29 because of the lack of change in ventilation flow rate, the lack of change in the rate of addition of the scavenger in comparative example 4, and the lack of potassium sodium silicate in the scavenger in comparative example 5;
as is clear from comparative examples 19 to 29, the effect of improving the hardness or the electrical conductivity of the low nickel-silicon bronze alloy material was reduced by the combination of too slow or too fast an inflow flow rate of nitrogen, too small or too large an amount of addition of the scavenger, too slow or too fast a flow rate of nitrogen, too slow or too fast an addition rate of the scavenger, and too small or too large a ratio of potassium sodium silicate in the scavenger, and thus the effect of example 19 was relatively superior.
Table 4 examples 1-18 comparative examples 19-29 average Hardness (HB) and average conductivity (% IACS) after brazing low nickel silicon bronze alloy materials
As is clear from the results of Table 4, examples 19 to 29 were superior in terms of the effect of further removing impurities and purifying the low-nickel-silicon bronze alloy material in degassing and deoxidizing because the average hardness and average conductivity after brazing were higher in examples 19 to 29 than in examples 1 to 18.
4. The effect of variable speed casting on the hardness and conductivity of low nickel silicon bronze alloy materials was investigated.
TABLE 5 influence of examples 30-34 and comparative example 6 on Hardness (HB) and conductivity (% IACS) of Low Nickel silicon bronze alloy materials
Comparative example 6 differs from example 30 in that the magnetic field strength is kept unchanged;
as is clear from the results of table 5, in comparative example 6, the lack of the change in the magnetic field reduced the hardness and conductivity of each of examples 30 to 34, and thus the change in the magnetic field had a certain effect on the improvement of the hardness and conductivity of the low nickel-silicon bronze alloy material; as is clear from comparative examples 30 to 34, the lower or higher parameter at the time of the primary dispersion treatment and the lower or higher parameter at the time of the secondary dispersion treatment reduce the hardness or conductivity, and thus the overall performance of the low nickel-silicon bronze alloy material is reduced, so that the effect of example 30 is relatively superior in combination.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation of the low nickel silicon bronze alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, smelting:
the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 1 to 1.6wt.% of Ni,0.1 to 0.25wt.% of Cr,0.2 to 0.35wt.% of Si,0.01 to 0.03wt.% of P, and the balance being Cu;
putting the raw materials into a vacuum induction furnace for smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 1300-1450 ℃, the vacuum degree is less than 5Pa, the smelting time is 75-85 min, and the smelting process is kept for degassing and deoxidizing;
s2, casting:
the casting temperature of the alloy melt is 1250-1350 ℃, and a bottom casting type casting system is adopted for casting, so that an alloy cast ingot is obtained and is subjected to turning;
s3, hot forging:
heating the alloy ingot obtained in the step S2 to 900-950 ℃, preheating a forging clamp to 250-350 ℃, and hot forging the alloy ingot for 3 times, wherein the initial forging temperature of the hot forging is 850-900 ℃, the final forging temperature is 640-660 ℃, and obtaining an alloy blank after the hot forging is finished;
s4, solution treatment:
heating the blank obtained in the step S3 to 850-900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 60-90 min at a temperature rising rate of 19-22 ℃/min, discharging the blank from the furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and cooling the blank to room temperature by water;
s5, cold forging:
carrying out cold forging on the blank obtained in the step S4, and finishing the blank after the cold forging is finished;
s6, aging treatment:
and (3) heating the blank obtained in the step (S5) to 450-500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3-5 hours at a heating rate of 5-8 ℃/min, cooling the blank to 90-100 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished, discharging, and air-cooling to room temperature.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the Cu, cr, si and P are in the form of electrolytic copper plates, copper-chromium master alloys, copper-silicon master alloys and phosphor-copper master alloys, and the Ni is in the form of electrolytic nickel plates in a vacuum induction furnace.
3. The method for producing a low nickel silicon bronze alloy material according to claim 1, wherein the Cr content in the raw material is 0.1 to 0.2wt.%.
4. The preparation of a low nickel silicon bronze alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that the Ni content of the raw material is 1.3 to 1.5wt.%.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the hot forging includes upsetting and drawing.
6. The method for producing a low nickel silicon bronze alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the cold forging is performed as upsetting, and the deformation of the billet is 20-30%.
7. The method of producing a low nickel silicon bronze alloy according to claim 1, wherein the degassing and deoxidizing step S1 comprises the steps of:
in the first half period of smelting, inert gas is introduced into a vacuum induction furnace at a constant speed at a flow rate of 350-400 NL/min, and a purifying agent accounting for 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the alloy melt is added at a constant speed while the inert gas is introduced;
in the latter half period of smelting, the flow rate of inert gas is gradually slowed down at a speed of 15-25 NL/min, and the adding amount of the purifying agent per minute is reduced by 0.05-0.08 wt.% every time the flow rate of inert gas is slowed down by 60NL/min, until smelting is finished.
8. The preparation of the low-nickel silicon bronze alloy material according to claim 7, wherein the components of the purifying agent comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 1:0.5: zinc oxide, silicon carbide, sodium fluoride, potassium sodium silicate 0.02; the inert gas is nitrogen.
9. The method for preparing the low-nickel silicon bronze alloy material according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the casting temperature is kept unchanged, and the steps are as follows:
the initial rate of casting is 0.15-0.20 kg/s, and an initial magnetic field is applied during casting, and casting is carried out for 20-25 s, and a dispersing treatment is carried out; then the casting rate is increased to 1.2 to 1.4 times of the initial rate, the magnetic field strength is increased by 2 to 3 times compared with the initial magnetic field, and the casting rate is continued for 15 to 20 seconds, so as to carry out secondary dispersion treatment; finally, the casting speed is reduced to the initial speed, and the magnetic field is closed until casting is completed;
the pulse frequency of the initial magnetic field is 350-750 Hz, and the magnetic field strength is 4-6T.
10. The use of any one of the low nickel silicon bronze alloy materials according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the low nickel silicon bronze alloy material is used in squirrel cage asynchronous motors and continuous casting machines.
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