CN117474568A - Ecological product value accounting method based on satellite remote sensing monitoring - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environmental protection, in particular to an ecological product value accounting method based on satellite remote sensing monitoring; constructing a unified sampling frame for investigation and monitoring, and carrying out sample plot investigation to acquire reserves, quality, structure and change data of forests, grasslands and wetland resources; digital monitoring is carried out on the accounting indexes by adopting a satellite remote sensing monitoring means, and the ecological function quantity is calculated; establishing a survey monitoring database; the ecological function quantity is taken as an object, and the ecological value quantity is calculated by a market value method and a substitution cost method; the value quantities of all the secondary indexes are summed up, the variation quantity is displayed in real time through a monitoring platform, the remote sensing data of the forest grass satellite is applied to calculate and tamp the data basis for the value of the ecological product, the data quality is improved, the scientific rationality of screening and warehousing of EOD projects is ensured, the value maintenance and the value increment of the ecological product in the whole project implementation period are ensured, and the application of management and development financing, ecological resource equity transaction and ecological banks is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environmental protection, in particular to an ecological product value accounting method based on satellite remote sensing monitoring.
Background
The ecological environment-oriented development mode, namely EOD mode for short, is an innovative project organization implementation mode which takes ecological civilization ideas as a guide, takes sustainable development as a target, takes ecological protection and environmental management as a basis, takes special industrial operation as a support, takes regional comprehensive development as a carrier, adopts modes of industrial chain extension, joint operation, combined development and the like, promotes effective fusion of ecological environment management projects with stronger public benefit and poor profitability and associated industries with better profits, comprehensively promotes and integrally implements, internalizes economic value brought by ecological environment management, can promote and realize ecological environment recycling and industrial economy greening, promotes sustainable development capability of environmental protection industry, and promotes high-level protection of ecological environment and high-quality development of regional economy. The total value of the ecological products, called GEP for short, refers to the sum of the values of the products and services of the ecological system in a certain area within a certain time, and is the total value of the products and services and the economic value thereof provided by the ecological system for human welfare. The GEP accounting has positive significance in promoting the realization of the value of the ecological product, and the like, can accelerate the problem of difficulty in cracking the ecological product, and effectively builds the foundation of the realization of the value of the ecological product. The forest and grass satellite remote sensing data refers to acquiring information about vegetation coverage indexes, coverage, growth states, biomass and the like of forests, grasslands and the like by using a forest and grass satellite remote sensing technology, and can predict disasters such as fires, diseases and insect pests and the like by monitoring the growth states of forests and grasslands, and the like, and is widely applied to fields such as forestry, grasslands, ecological environment and the like at present, a vegetation protection and treatment scheme is formulated, and vegetation coverage, ecological environment quality and the like are evaluated. The method is characterized in that forest and grass satellite remote sensing data are innovatively and reasonably used for preparing a complete ecological product list which reflects regional characteristics, and the ecological product value in the region is further quantized by accounting the ecological product function.
The prior ecological product value accounting mainly takes administrative areas of provinces, cities, counties, villages and villages or regional units of a forest, a lake and a marsh as accounting units. The ecological product value accounting aiming at the specific regional units is mainly used in the field of ecological product value realization for the market play of operation development, credit guarantee, equity transaction and the like. However, research on project-level GEP is not yet available, and a GEP accounting mechanism developed on an EOD project is not available, so that the potential ecological value of the EOD project cannot be scientifically measured, and the project faces heavy resistance in mortgage financing, operation and rendering and other links. First: in the EOD mode, the ecological product value accounting should pay attention to the GEP increment brought by the EOD project, so as to scientifically formulate and measure the ecological environment target and benefit of the EOD project, the accounting space range is the EOD project boundary range, and the time is the project period (10-30 years). Second,: under the current financial system, ecological products are difficult to conduct financing loans as mortgages. The ecological environment association degree is high, the economic development is strong, the industrial development income with good project income is good under the EOD mode, conditions are created for project financing, and the GEP accounting result brings scientific theoretical foundation for project financing. Third,: the EOD project realizes development and operation by using financial funds and resources, commercial operation is carried out by a market body, boundary scope, asset ownership, income right and risk responsibility are clear, social and economic benefits brought by the project can be estimated scientifically through GEP accounting, ecological product value forms stable cash flow in the project through a back feeding mechanism, and sustainable operation of the project is promoted.
Therefore, GEP accounting aiming at the EOD project is very necessary, however, the screening standard of the warehouse entry of the EOD project at present, namely, the warehouse entry of the financial institution is lack of a scientific and perfect accounting theory, and uncertainty risks are brought to project operation, funds and the like; in summary, it is necessary to provide an ecological product value accounting method based on satellite remote sensing monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological product value accounting method based on satellite remote sensing monitoring, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, an EOD project is put in storage, namely, screening standards of a reserve warehouse of a financial institution lack of scientific and perfect accounting theory, and uncertainty risks are brought to project operation, funds and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the ecological product value accounting method based on satellite remote sensing monitoring comprises the following steps:
constructing a unified sampling frame for investigation and monitoring, and carrying out sample plot investigation to acquire reserves, quality, structure and change data of forests, grasslands and wetland resources;
digital monitoring is carried out on the accounting indexes by adopting a satellite remote sensing monitoring means, and the ecological function quantity is calculated according to a characteristic accounting formula;
establishing a survey monitoring database, and incorporating a forest and grass ecological network sensing system, a natural resource three-dimensional space-time database and a GEP real-time monitoring platform;
the ecological function quantity is taken as an object, and the ecological value quantity is calculated by a market value method and a substitution cost method;
and summing the value quantities of all the secondary indexes to obtain the ecological product value calculated by the EOD project, and displaying the variation quantity in real time through a monitoring platform.
Wherein, in the step of constructing a unified sampling framework for investigation monitoring and carrying out sample land investigation:
the investigation content comprises sample site interpretation, sample site measurement and test, factor investigation and spot information verification of the sample site.
Wherein, in the step of constructing a unified sampling framework for investigation monitoring and carrying out sample land investigation:
the investigation modes include actual measurement investigation, visual investigation and model estimation.
The method comprises the steps of adopting a satellite remote sensing monitoring means to carry out digital monitoring on an accounting index and calculating the ecological function quantity according to a characteristic accounting formula:
the accounting indexes comprise three primary indexes of ecological substance product indexes, ecological regulation service indexes and ecological culture service indexes.
The method comprises the steps of adopting a satellite remote sensing monitoring means to carry out digital monitoring on an accounting index and calculating the ecological function quantity according to a characteristic accounting formula:
the ecological material product index comprises agricultural products, forestry products, animal husbandry products, fishery products, fresh water resources and ecological energy secondary indexes.
The method comprises the steps of adopting a satellite remote sensing monitoring means to carry out digital monitoring on an accounting index and calculating the ecological function quantity according to a characteristic accounting formula:
the ecological regulation service indexes comprise secondary indexes of water conservation, soil preservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, coastal zone protection, flood regulation and storage, carbon fixation, oxygen release, air purification, water quality purification, local climate regulation and noise reduction.
The method comprises the steps of adopting a satellite remote sensing monitoring means to carry out digital monitoring on an accounting index and calculating the ecological function quantity according to a characteristic accounting formula:
the ecological culture service indexes comprise secondary indexes of leisure travel and scientific and educational personal.
Wherein, in the steps of establishing a survey monitoring database and incorporating a forest grass ecological network sensing system, a natural resource three-dimensional space-time database and a GEP real-time monitoring platform:
and (3) collecting and inputting remote sensing monitoring data such as sample land investigation data, ecosystem area and the like, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing monitoring data, greenhouse gas monitoring data, meteorological monitoring data and scientific and teaching personnel monitoring data into a platform for centralized data processing.
According to the ecological product value accounting method based on satellite remote sensing monitoring, a unified sampling frame for investigation and monitoring is constructed, and sample land investigation is carried out to obtain reserves, quality, structure and change data of forest, grassland and wetland resources; digital monitoring is carried out on the accounting indexes by adopting a satellite remote sensing monitoring means, and the ecological function quantity is calculated according to a characteristic accounting formula; establishing a survey monitoring database, and incorporating a forest and grass ecological network sensing system, a natural resource three-dimensional space-time database and a GEP real-time monitoring platform; the ecological function quantity is taken as an object, and the ecological value quantity is calculated by a market value method and a substitution cost method; the value quantities of all the secondary indexes are summed to obtain the ecological product value calculated by the EOD project, the variation quantity is displayed in real time through the monitoring platform, the remote sensing data of the forest grass satellite is innovatively applied to calculate the value of the ecological product, the data base is tamped, the data quality is improved, the scientific rationality of screening and warehousing of the EOD project is ensured, the value maintenance and the value increment of the ecological product in the whole project implementation period are ensured, the application of operation and development financing, ecological resource equity transaction and ecological banks is facilitated, and the closer connection with the economic society can be promoted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of steps of an ecological product value accounting method based on satellite remote sensing monitoring of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of an ecological product value accounting method based on satellite remote sensing monitoring.
The invention provides an ecological product value accounting method based on satellite remote sensing monitoring, which comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a unified sampling framework for investigation and monitoring, carrying out sample land investigation, and obtaining reserves, quality, structure and change data of forests, grasslands and wetland resources, wherein the investigation content comprises sample land interpretation, sample land survey, factor investigation and pattern information verification of the sample land, and the investigation modes comprise actual measurement investigation, visual inspection investigation and model estimation;
s2: digital monitoring is carried out on the accounting indexes by adopting a satellite remote sensing monitoring means, and the ecological function quantity is calculated according to a characteristic accounting formula;
s3: collecting and inputting remote sensing monitoring data such as sample land investigation data, ecosystem area and the like, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing monitoring data, greenhouse gas monitoring data, meteorological monitoring data and scientific and teaching human monitoring data into a platform, carrying out centralized data processing, establishing an investigation monitoring database, and incorporating a forest and grass ecological network sensing system, a natural resource three-dimensional space-time database and a GEP real-time monitoring platform;
s4: the ecological function quantity is taken as an object, and the ecological value quantity is calculated by a market value method and a substitution cost method;
s5: and summing the value quantities of all the secondary indexes to obtain the ecological product value calculated by the EOD project, and displaying the variation quantity in real time through a monitoring platform.
In this embodiment, the pattern investigation: constructing a unified sampling frame for investigation and monitoring, and carrying out sample plot investigation to acquire reserves, quality, structure and change data of forests, grasslands and wetland resources; in the sampling frame, a unified sampling frame for forest, grassland and wetland investigation and monitoring is constructed by combining system sampling and space/attribute balanced sampling based on a national fixed sample field frame for forest resource continuous investigation. The forest sample field selects the latest fixed sample field frame for nationwide forest resource checking. And (3) comprehensively determining the number of the sample plots according to the precision control of 2 indexes of the grass yield and the vegetation coverage in the original grass plots, and then arranging the sample plots by adopting a system sampling and geospatial/attribute balanced sampling method. The wetland sample area takes the wetland map spots in the jurisdiction range as the sampling population, and the position of the sample area is determined by adopting a space balance sampling method. The positions of forests, grasslands and wetland sample lands should be fixed, and dynamic changes of forests, grasslands and wetland resources are accurately monitored through early-stage and later-stage reset investigation. The survey monitor plots were designed as an integrated composite plot consisting of 1 area 0.5hm 2 1 area is 0. 06-0. 08hm 2 Square/rectangle/round sample plot (selecting the size and shape of the most recent fixed sample plot for each province of national forest resource inventory), 3 sample lines 40m long, 1 100m 2 Big sample prescription (10 m. Times.10 m, the coverage of the shrub big herb can be reduced to 5 m. Times.5 m), 3 m and 4m 2 Small sample squares (2 x 2 m) and 3 1m 2 The sample prescription for measuring yield. Wherein 0. 06-0. 08hm 2 The square/rectangular round sample in between is used for investigating arbor forest and bamboo forest, 100m 2 The big sample formula is used for investigating shrubs, young trees under the forests and big shrubs, 4m 2 The small sample formula is used for investigating herbaceous plants and small shrubs, and 40m long sample lines are mainly used for investigating grassland vegetation coverage, 0.5hm 2 Is used for investigating grasslands, grasslands types, related factors, etc. The investigation content comprises sample plot interpretation, sample plot test, factor investigation and spot information verification of the sample plot, and the investigation modes comprise actual measurement investigation, visual investigation and model estimation; in actual measurement investigation, quantitative factors such as tree breast diameter and tree height, tree canopy density, shrub coverage and average height, grassland vegetation coverage, average height of grass group, dissolved oxygen content in wetland water, soil moisture content, soil components, organic matter content and the like are measured in the field by an investigation tool or a measuring instrument; in visual investigation, qualitative factors such as forest, grassland, type, origin, structure or constituent factors of the wetland and part of qualitative factors need to be comprehensively determined by combining actual measurement, including various classification, grading and grouping factors such as age group, diameter group, forest health grade, disaster grade, grassland and the like, grassland grade and wetland utilization mode and threatened condition; in model estimation, estimation is performed by using a general standardized model based on actual measurement factors, such as accumulation, biomass, carbon reserve, grass yield, vegetation cover of grassland, and the like. The standardized model used in the sample plot investigation should be built up by taking a sufficient number of samples from a typical sample in advance and meet the established accuracy requirements. And (3) data monitoring: digital monitoring is carried out on the accounting indexes by adopting a satellite remote sensing monitoring means, and the ecological function quantity is calculated according to a characteristic accounting formula so as to establish remote sensing database and GEP accounting linkageThe mechanism provides a technical path; and (3) constructing a database: collecting and inputting remote sensing monitoring data such as sample land investigation data, ecosystem area and the like, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing monitoring data, greenhouse gas monitoring data, meteorological monitoring data and scientific and teaching human monitoring data into a platform, carrying out centralized data processing, establishing an investigation monitoring database, and incorporating a forest and grass ecological network sensing system, a natural resource three-dimensional space-time database and a GEP real-time monitoring platform; the ecological function quantity is taken as an object, and the ecological value quantity is calculated by a market value method and a substitution cost method; summing the value of all the secondary indexes to obtain the ecological product value calculated by the EOD project, and displaying the variation in real time through a monitoring platform
Any index formed by the GEP and the change thereof are dynamically displayed on the platform through the GEP accounting data reporting function, and networking record is carried out, so that convenience is provided for real-time monitoring and plan management of the authorities. Before the EOD project (t 0) the total GEP value is V1, when the project is completed (t 1) the total GEP value is V2, and the total GEP value of the project operation period (tn, n=1, 2, … years) is:
EOD project GEP increment Δv:
ΔV＝V 2 -V 1 ；
EOD project operational period GEP growth rate α:
the novel application of the forest and grass satellite remote sensing data is used for verifying and tamping the data basis for the ecological product value, improving the data quality, realizing the scientific rationality of the EOD project screening and warehousing, ensuring the value-keeping and value-adding of the ecological product in the project implementation whole period, being beneficial to the application of operation and development financing, ecological resource equity transaction and ecological banking, and being capable of promoting closer connection with the economic society.
Further, in the step of digitally monitoring the accounting index by adopting a satellite remote sensing monitoring means and calculating the ecological function according to a characteristic accounting formula:
the accounting indexes comprise three primary indexes of ecological substance product indexes, ecological regulation service indexes and ecological culture service indexes;
the ecological material product index comprises agricultural products, forestry products, animal husbandry products, fishery products, fresh water resources and ecological energy secondary indexes;
the ecological regulation service indexes comprise secondary indexes of water conservation, soil conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, coastal zone protection, flood regulation, carbon fixation, oxygen release, air purification, water quality purification, local climate regulation and noise reduction;
the ecological culture service indexes comprise secondary indexes of leisure travel and scientific and educational personal.
In this embodiment, forestry product accounting instructions: the forestry product index refers to various forestry products (wood, bamboo, non-wood forest products and the like) obtained by the EOD project, is a secondary index of a substance ecological substance product, has a value brought by the forestry product, and is calculated as a yield value of the forest product.
The accounting method comprises the following steps: the yield of the i-th forest product generated in the EOD project is Ei (i=1, 2,3 … n), and the i-th forest product price is Pi (i=1, 2,3 … n). Forest product value V Forest stand The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
accounting and explanation of animal husbandry products: the animal husbandry product index refers to various animal husbandry products obtained by EOD projects, and the like, is a secondary index of a substance ecological substance product, has a value brought by the animal husbandry products, and is converted into a yield value of the animal husbandry products.
The accounting method comprises the following steps: the yield of the i-th animal husbandry product generated in the EOD project was Ei (i=1, 2,3 … n), and the i-th animal husbandry product price was Pi (i=1, 2,3 … n). Value V of livestock products Livestock animals The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
accounting instructions of fishery products: the fishery product index refers to various fishery products obtained by EOD projects, and the like, is a secondary index of a substance ecological substance product, and has a value which is brought by the fishery products and converted into a yield value of the fishery products.
The accounting method comprises the following steps: the yield of the i-th fishery product generated in the EOD project was Ei (i=1, 2,3 … n), and the i-th fishery product price was Pi (i=1, 2,3 … n). Value V of fishery product Fishing line The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
fresh water resource accounting description: the fresh water resource index refers to various fresh water resources obtained by the EOD project, and the like, is a secondary index of a substance ecological substance product, and the value of the fresh water resource index is the value brought by the fresh water resource and is converted into the yield value of the fresh water resource.
The accounting method comprises the following steps: the acquired amount of the fresh water resource generated in the EOD project is Ei, and the price of the fresh water resource is Pi. Fresh water resource value V Fresh water The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
ecological energy accounting description: the ecological energy index refers to various ecological energy acquired by the EOD project, such as solar energy, wind energy and the like, is a secondary index of an ecological substance product, and has a value which is brought by the ecological energy and converted into a yield value of the ecological energy.
The accounting method comprises the following steps: the i-th ecological energy generated in the EOD project is obtained by Ei (i=1, 2,3 … n), and the i-th ecological energy price is Pi (i=1, 2,3 … n). Ecological energy value V Ecological energy source The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
other substance product accounting instructions:
the indexes of other substance products refer to various other substance products obtained by EOD projects, and the like, are secondary indexes of ecological substance products, and the value of the indexes is brought by the other substance products and is converted into the yield value of the other substance products.
The accounting method comprises the following steps: the yield of the i-th other substance product generated in the EOD project is Ei (i=1, 2,3 … n), and the i-th other substance product price is Pi (i=1, 2,3 … n). Other substances product value V Other products The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
accounting instructions of ecological substance products:
the value of the ecological substance product is the sum of the values of agricultural products, forestry products, animal husbandry products, fishery products, fresh water resources, ecological energy and other substances, V Substance (B) The calculation formula is as follows:
V substance (B) ＝V Agricultural machine +V Forest stand +V Livestock animals +V Fishing line +V Fresh water +V Ecological energy source +V Others ；
Water conservation accounting instructions:
the water resource conservation index is the water source conservation amount of the EOD project, and is calculated by adopting a water balance method, namely, the difference value between the input of precipitation and the water consumption of the runoff and EOD project ecological system. An EOD project ecosystem area A (km 2); p rainfall (mm/a); r surface runoff (mm/a); ET evapotranspiration (mm/a); water source conservation quantity Q w The calculation is shown as follows:
Q w ＝(P-R-ET)×A×10 3 ；
the cost required by the EOD project to build the water conservancy facilities with the water source conservation amount is the value, the engineering cost is P, the annual operation cost is C, the depreciation rate is D, and the water source conservation value V of the EOD project w The calculation is shown as follows:
V w ＝Q w ×(C+P×D)；
soil conservation accounting instructions:
soil retaining fingerThe standard refers to the soil conservation amount of the EOD project, and the soil erosion amount is calculated by adopting a soil erosion equation, namely the soil erosion amount reduced by the action of an ecological system. An EOD project ecosystem area A (km 2); r rainfall erosion factor (MJ.mm/(hm) 2 H.a)); k soil corrosiveness factor (t.hm) 2 ·h/(hm 2 Mj·mm); l-slope length factor (dimensionless); s slope factor (dimensionless); and C, vegetation cover factors (dimensionless), wherein the soil conservation quantity Qs is calculated according to the following formula:
Q s ＝R×K×L×S×(1-C)×A×10 2 ；
the cost of the EOD project for treating pollutants and the cost of reservoir dredging engineering are the values of the EOD project, and lambda is the sand sedimentation coefficient (dimensionless); ρ is the soil volume weight (t/m) 3 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the c is the engineering cost (Yuan/m) of dredging in reservoir unit 3 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the p is the cost per treatment of the pollutant (yuan/t), then the soil maintenance value of the EOD project, V S The calculation formula is as follows:
V s ＝λ×(Q s ÷ρ)×C+Q s ×C×P；
wind-proof sand-fixation accounting description:
the wind prevention and sand fixation index is the wind prevention and sand fixation amount of the EOD project, and is calculated by adopting a corrected wind erosion model, namely the wind erosion amount (the difference value between the potential wind erosion amount and the actual wind erosion amount) reduced by an ecological system. EOD project ecosystem area A (km) 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Climate erosion factor (kg/m) of WF accounting unit; soil erosion factor (dimensionless) of the EF accounting unit; the SCF accounts for the soil crust factor (dimensionless) of the unit; the surface roughness factor (dimensionless) of the K accounting unit; the vegetation cover factor (dimensionless) of the accounting unit, the wind prevention and sand fixation amount (t/a); q (Q) sf The calculation formula is as follows;
Q sf ＝[0.1699×(WF×EF×SCF×K) 1.3711 ×(1-C 1.3711 )×A]；
the cost required by the EOD project to construct the wind-proof sand-fixing facility is the value, and ρ is the soil volume weight (t/m) 3 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the h is the thickness (m) of the sanded soil; c is the cost per unit of the desertification control project or the recovery cost per unit of vegetation (yuan/m 2 ) The calculation formula of the wind-proof and sand-fixation value of the EOD project is as follows:
V sf ＝Q sf ÷(ρ×h)×C；
coastal zone protection accounting instructions:
the coastal zone protection index is the coastal zone protection capability of the EOD project, is a function of reducing sea waves by using the marine ecosystems such as coastal salt marsh, mangrove, coral reefs and the like to avoid or reduce seawall or coastal erosion, and selects the length of the protection engineering such as coastal salt marsh, mangrove, coral reef and the like for protecting or replacing the seawall and the like as the evaluation index of the coastal zone protection of the EOD project ecosystem. The i (i=1, 2,3 … n) th coastal zone length D (km) of the marine ecosystem protection, the total coastal zone length D l The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
the cost required by the protection engineering of the coastal zone of the EOD project construction is the value, and the construction cost per unit length of the coastal zone is C, so that the calculation formula of the protection value of the coastal zone of the EOD project is as follows:
V l ＝D l ×C；
flood regulation accounting description:
the flood regulation index is the flood regulation capacity of the EOD project, the cost required by the construction of the flood regulation of the EOD project is the value of the flood regulation index, and La is the lake surface area km 2 A; c is engineering cost per cubic meter of construction unit reservoir capacity; t is reservoir capacity (104 m 3/a); s is the water storage capacity 104m in the reservoir withered water period 3 Per a, the flood regulation value V of the EOD project hs The calculation formula is as follows:
V hs ＝10000×(134.83×L a 0.927)×C+10000(T-S)×C#(14)
carbon fixation accounting description:
the carbon sequestration index is the fixed carbon dioxide amount of the EOD project, and a carbon sequestration rate method is adopted. EOD project ecosystem area A (km) 2 ) MCO 2/mc=44/12 is the coefficient of conversion of C to CO 2; f1 is the vegetation carbon sequestration rate (t: C/(hm) 2 A)); f2 is the soil carbon sequestration rate (t.C/(hm) 2 A) C is the market price of carbon, and the EOD project is carbon sequestrated by adopting the market value methodThe calculation formula of the value Vc is as follows:
oxygen release accounting instructions:
the oxygen release index is the amount of oxygen released by the EOD project, and the ecosystem area A (km) 2 ) Net primary productivity N g/(m) 2 A); the value is evaluated by adopting a substitution cost method, and the calculation formula of the oxygen release value Vo of the EOD project is as follows:
V o ＝1.2×N×A×C；
air purification accounting instructions:
the air purification index refers to the absorption, filtration, blocking and decomposition of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate air pollutants by the greenbelt ecosystem of the EOD project so as to reduce the content of various air pollutants, and the value refers to the value of the purified air of the ecological system of the EOD project; the substitution cost method is adopted, namely the atmospheric treatment cost is the ecological product value of air purification. The proportion R (%) of the days with the best air quality grade and good air quality grade in the EOD project in one year and the EOD project area A (km) are counted 2 ) Realizing excellent grade days, and the atmospheric treatment cost per square kilometer is P (yuan/(km) 2 A)); the ecological product value Va accounting formula for EOD project air purification is:
V a ＝R×A×P；
water quality purification accounting description:
the water quality maintenance index refers to the amount of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus pollutants absorbed by the water ecosystem in the EOD project through aquatic plants, microorganisms and organic organisms, and the ecological product value refers to the value of the EOD project ecosystem for purifying the water, and the cost is converted into the cost required by the manual treatment of the substitute by adopting a substitute cost method. The area A (km 2) of the ecological system of the EOD project takes the quality V class of the surface water environment as the treatment starting end, and the unit price P1 (yuan/m) of the surface water environment from the artificial treatment to class III class is calculated 2 ) The maintenance cost is P2 (yuan/m 2 ) Governance of monovalent cost to class IV P3 (Yuan/m 2 ) Maintenance chargeBy P4 (yuan/m 2 ) The calculation formula of the EOD project water quality purifying value Vws is as follows:
V ws ＝(P1+P2)×A+(P3+P4)×A；
local climate conditioning accounting instructions:
the local climate regulation index refers to the energy consumed in the process of evaporation of an ecosystem in an EOD project, and comprises plants and water bodies. G is the vegetation coverage km 2 A; h is the absorbed heat kJ/km per greenarea 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the W is the water body area km2; e is the annual average evaporation capacity m/a; beta is the energy consumed by evaporating a unit volume of water, kJ/m3; ρ is a constant of 1kWh/3600kJ; adopting a market value method, wherein the electricity price is P yuan/kilowatt hour, and the local climate regulating value V of the EOD project qh The calculation formula is as follows:
V qh ＝G×H×ρ×P+W×E×β×ρ×P；
noise reduction accounting instructions:
the noise reduction index refers to the reduction of surrounding traffic noise by green belts on two sides of a road in an EOD project, the value of the noise reduction index refers to the value of the noise reduction of the EOD project, the noise reduction of the same amount is realized by adopting a substitution cost method, the green belts on two sides are replaced by artificial sound insulation barriers, and the cost for building the artificial sound insulation barriers is the ecological product value of the noise reduction of the green belts. The artificial barrier length L (m) on the EOD project road is averagely provided with a plurality of noise monitoring points to realize noise average reduction N (dB), and the required construction cost of the artificial sound insulation barrier is P (element/(m.dB)), so that the value V of EOD project noise reduction is realized ZS The accounting formula is:
V zs ＝L×N×P×2；
accounting and explanation of the ecological regulation service value:
the value of the ecological regulation service is the summation of water conservation, soil conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, coastal zone protection, flood regulation, carbon fixation, oxygen release, air purification, water quality purification, local climate regulation and noise reduction, and the calculation formula is as follows:
C regulation of ＝V w +V s +V sf +V l +V hs +V c +V o +V a +V ws +V qh +V zs ；
Leisure travel accounting description:
the leisure travel index refers to the capability of an ecosystem in an EOD project to provide leisure travel, the value of the ecological system is the leisure travel value of the EOD project, the value is estimated by the total annual travel income of a tourist attraction of the EOD project, the operation income N1 (Yuan) of the attraction and the other income N2 (Yuan), and the leisure travel value V of the EOD project Travelling device The formula of the formula is as follows:
V travelling device ＝N 1 +N 2 ；
Accounting description of science and education:
the science and education humanity index refers to the capability of an ecosystem in an EOD project to provide science and education humanity, and the value of the science and education humanity index is the value of the science and education humanity of the EOD project. The value C element/person number of the science and education humanistic visitors B (person number) of the EOD project, and the calculation formula of the value V science and education of the science and education humanity of the EOD project is as follows:
V science and education ＝B×C；
Accounting and explanation of ecological culture service value:
the value of the ecological culture service is the sum of two secondary indexes of leisure travel and science and education people, and the calculation formula is as follows:
V Culture ＝V travelling device +V Science and education ；
EOD project GEP accounting description:
the total value of the ecological products of the EOD project is the sum of the values of ecological mass products, ecological regulation services and ecological culture services, and the calculation formula is as follows:
V EOD ＝V substance (B) +V Regulation of +V Culture 。
The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the procedures described above can be performed according to the equivalent changes of the claims, and still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The ecological product value accounting method based on satellite remote sensing monitoring is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
constructing a unified sampling frame for investigation and monitoring, and carrying out sample plot investigation to acquire reserves, quality, structure and change data of forests, grasslands and wetland resources;
digital monitoring is carried out on the accounting indexes by adopting a satellite remote sensing monitoring means, and the ecological function quantity is calculated according to a characteristic accounting formula;
establishing a survey monitoring database, and incorporating a forest and grass ecological network sensing system, a natural resource three-dimensional space-time database and a GEP real-time monitoring platform;
the ecological function quantity is taken as an object, and the ecological value quantity is calculated by a market value method and a substitution cost method;
and summing the value quantities of all the secondary indexes to obtain the ecological product value calculated by the EOD project, and displaying the variation quantity in real time through a monitoring platform.
2. The method for accounting the value of an ecological product based on satellite remote sensing monitoring as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step of constructing a unified sampling framework for survey monitoring and developing a sample plot survey:
the investigation content comprises sample site interpretation, sample site measurement and test, factor investigation and spot information verification of the sample site.
3. The method for accounting the value of an ecological product based on satellite remote sensing monitoring as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step of constructing a unified sampling framework for survey monitoring and developing a sample plot survey:
the investigation modes include actual measurement investigation, visual investigation and model estimation.
4. The method for calculating the value of an ecological product based on satellite remote sensing monitoring according to claim 1, wherein in the step of digitally monitoring the calculation index by adopting a satellite remote sensing monitoring means and calculating the ecological function thereof according to a characteristic calculation formula:
the accounting indexes comprise three primary indexes of ecological substance product indexes, ecological regulation service indexes and ecological culture service indexes.
5. The method for calculating the value of an ecological product based on satellite remote sensing monitoring as set forth in claim 4, wherein in the step of digitally monitoring the calculation index by using satellite remote sensing monitoring means and calculating the ecological function thereof according to a characteristic calculation formula:
the ecological material product index comprises agricultural products, forestry products, animal husbandry products, fishery products, fresh water resources and ecological energy secondary indexes.
6. The method for calculating the value of an ecological product based on satellite remote sensing monitoring according to claim 5, wherein in the step of digitally monitoring the calculation index by using satellite remote sensing monitoring means and calculating the ecological function according to a characteristic calculation formula:
the ecological regulation service indexes comprise secondary indexes of water conservation, soil preservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, coastal zone protection, flood regulation and storage, carbon fixation, oxygen release, air purification, water quality purification, local climate regulation and noise reduction.
7. The method for calculating the value of an ecological product based on satellite remote sensing monitoring as set forth in claim 6, wherein in the step of digitally monitoring the calculation index by using satellite remote sensing monitoring means and calculating the ecological function thereof according to a characteristic calculation formula:
the ecological culture service indexes comprise secondary indexes of leisure travel and scientific and educational personal.
8. The method for accounting for the value of an ecological product based on satellite remote sensing monitoring as set forth in claim 7, wherein in the step of establishing a survey monitoring database and incorporating a forest grass ecological network perception system, a natural resource three-dimensional space-time database and a GEP real-time monitoring platform:
and (3) collecting and inputting remote sensing monitoring data such as sample land investigation data, ecosystem area and the like, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing monitoring data, greenhouse gas monitoring data, meteorological monitoring data and scientific and teaching personnel monitoring data into a platform for centralized data processing.
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