CN117457306B - Lightning arrester conductive module and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Lightning arrester conductive module and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117457306B CN117457306B CN202311786154.3A CN202311786154A CN117457306B CN 117457306 B CN117457306 B CN 117457306B CN 202311786154 A CN202311786154 A CN 202311786154A CN 117457306 B CN117457306 B CN 117457306B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 60
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 37
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000190070 Sarracenia purpurea Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C1/00—Details
- H01C1/08—Cooling, heating or ventilating arrangements
- H01C1/084—Cooling, heating or ventilating arrangements using self-cooling, e.g. fins, heat sinks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
- H01C17/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for manufacturing resistors with envelope or housing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
- H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of lightning arrester manufacturing, and particularly relates to a lightning arrester conductive module and a manufacturing method thereof. The preparation method of the lightning arrester conductive module comprises the following steps: step one: manufacturing a low-melting-point alloy; step two: manufacturing a split and box-type shell and a sealing cover structure; step three: pouring the low-melting-point alloy into the shell after melting, and fastening the sealing cover; step four: the shell is imprinted to obtain a lightning arrester conductive module; the low-melting-point alloy comprises the following components: bi: 25-30wt%, in: 50-65 wt%, sn: 5-15 wt%, ga: 1-10wt%. The melting point of the low melting point alloy is 49.3-70.3 ℃, and the preferable melting point is 50-70 ℃. According to the preparation method of the lightning arrester conductive module, the prepared lightning arrester conductive module improves the damage energy threshold of the lightning arrester and avoids the problem of thermal breakdown of the lightning arrester.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lightning arrester manufacturing, and particularly relates to a lightning arrester conductive module and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The zinc oxide arrester is widely used in power systems and electrical equipment to protect various electrical equipment in the power systems and prevent the protected equipment from being damaged due to lightning overvoltage, operation overvoltage and power frequency transient overvoltage impact. The core component of the lightning arrester is a zinc oxide nonlinear resistor, has excellent VI nonlinear characteristics, when overvoltage occurs in the system, the lightning arrester can be conducted and grounded within 20-100 nanoseconds, and a large amount of energy is required to be absorbed by the lightning arrester from the occurrence of overvoltage to the conduction of the lightning arrester to the elimination of the overvoltage, and the energy can be converted into heat, so that the temperature of the core body of the lightning arrester rises. If the primary injection energy is too large or the continuous injection energy is carried out, the heat productivity of the core body is larger than the heat dissipation capacity of the lightning arrester, the temperature of the lightning arrester is higher and higher in a thermal unbalance state, and finally the lightning arrester is damaged by thermal breakdown. This condition is more likely to occur in series compensated arresters for ac systems, and in arresters where multiple overvoltages occur in a short period of time, such as EM, MRTB for HVDC systems.
In order to avoid thermal breakdown of the lightning arrester, it is first thought that the safety of the lightning arrester is fundamentally improved, the body energy tolerance capability and better temperature characteristics of the zinc oxide resistor sheet are improved, and the use amount of the resistor sheet is increased, but the implementation difficulty of the method is high, the number of the resistor sheets is increased, the improvement difficulty of the body energy tolerance capability and the temperature characteristics is extremely high, the use amount of the resistor sheet is increased, the cost of the device is increased, and the use of more resistor sheets brings about greater mass dispersibility and increases the fault probability of the lightning arrester. The lightning arrester outer sleeve and the core body structure can be improved, and more excellent heat dissipation characteristics are achieved, so that the energy value required by thermal breakdown of the lightning arrester is improved, and the safety of the lightning arrester is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a preparation method of the lightning arrester conductive module, which is simple to operate, and the prepared lightning arrester conductive module has the advantages of good electric conduction and heat conductivity, high safety, environment friendliness, no pollution, improvement of the damage energy threshold of the lightning arrester, improvement of the protection level and safety of the lightning arrester, and avoidance of the problem of thermal breakdown of the lightning arrester.
The preparation method of the lightning arrester conductive module comprises the following steps:
step one: manufacturing a low-melting-point alloy;
step two: manufacturing a split and box-type shell and a sealing cover structure;
step three: pouring the low-melting-point alloy into the shell after melting, and fastening the sealing cover;
step four: the shell is imprinted to obtain a lightning arrester conductive module;
the low-melting-point alloy comprises the following components: bi: 25-30wt%, in: 50-65 wt%, sn: 5-15 wt%, ga: 1-10wt%.
The specific heat capacity of the low-melting-point alloy is 0.198-0.216J/g.K, the melting point is 49.3-70.3 ℃, and the heat of fusion is 38.05-44.6 kJ/kg.
The shell and the sealing cover are made of 6061 aluminum alloy or T2 red copper.
The sealing cover is embedded, the shell is hollow cylinder, the diameter of the inner containing cavity is 61-67 mm, and the height is 12-38 mm.
The outer diameter of the shell is 71mm, and the height of the shell is 22-44 mm.
The inner wall of the inner cavity is passivated by using passivation liquid.
The ratio of the mass of the low-melting-point alloy of the lightning arrester conductive module to the sum of the mass of the shell and the sealing cover is (3:5) - (8:1).
The manufacturing method of the low-melting-point alloy comprises the following steps: and weighing Bi, in, sn, ga, placing the materials in a crucible, heating by an electric furnace, stirring after melting until the materials are completely melted and uniformly mixed, and cooling to obtain the low-melting-point alloy. Ga is high-purity metal, the purity is 4N, and the content is more than 99.99%.
The housing and the cover are connected by threads.
The shell is marked by adopting laser or ink jet code to mark the heat storage capacity, specification and model of the conductive module on the shell.
The lightning arrester conductive module is prepared by the preparation method of the lightning arrester conductive module.
Specifically, the preparation method of the lightning arrester conductive module comprises the following steps:
step one: according to the temperature control point of the lightning arrester design, manufacturing a low-melting-point alloy with corresponding melting temperature: according to Bi: 25-30wt%, in: 50-65 wt%, sn: 5-15 wt%, ga: 1-10wt% of Bi, in, sn, ga high-purity metal is weighed, placed in a crucible, heated by an electric furnace, stirred after being melted until being completely melted and uniformly mixed, cooled to obtain the alloy with the specific heat capacity of 0.198-0.216J/g.K, the melting point of 49.3-70.3 ℃ and the heat of fusion of 38.05-44.6 kJ/kg, and placed in a low-melting-point alloy.
Step two: the shell and the sealing cover are manufactured by adopting 6061 aluminum alloy or T2 red copper, the shell adopts standardized specifications, the split design is adopted, the box-type sealing cover sealing structure is convenient to produce and assemble, liquid leakage cannot occur after the alloy is liquefied, the shell and the sealing cover are connected through threads, the sealing cover is embedded, the shell is hollow cylinder, the diameter of an inner cavity is 61-67 mm, the height is 12-38 mm, the outer diameter of the shell is 71mm, and the height is 22-44 mm. And passivating the inner wall of the inner cavity.
Step three: pouring the low-melting-point alloy into the shell after melting, fastening the sealing cover, wherein the mass ratio of the sum of the mass of the shell and the sealing cover of the lightning arrester conductive module to the mass of the low-melting-point alloy is (3:5) - (8:1).
Step four: and (3) marking the heat storage capacity, specification and model of the conductive module on the shell by adopting laser or ink spraying codes to obtain the lightning arrester conductive module.
According to the invention, the conductive module is added in the lightning arrester core body, the energy injected into the lightning arrester is stored in a certain period of time by utilizing the characteristic of intermittent generation of overvoltage of the system, and the temperature rise of the lightning arrester is restrained by utilizing the melting heat absorbed by the alloy liquefaction in the conductive module, so that the threshold value of the energy required by thermal breakdown of the lightning arrester is improved, and the safety of the lightning arrester is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Compared with the traditional zinc oxide resistor disc type lightning arrester, the lightning arrester conductive module prepared by the invention improves the energy threshold value of thermal breakdown of the lightning arrester and improves the safety of the lightning arrester.
(2) The lightning arrester conductive module prepared by the invention can flexibly select a temperature control point within the range of 49.3-70.3 ℃ according to the design requirement of the lightning arrester, and improves the operation stability.
(3) The lightning arrester conductive module prepared by the invention adopts green environment-friendly materials, and has no harmful elements of lead and cadmium, thus realizing the design of green environment protection and sustainable utilization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a lightning arrester conductive module according to the present invention, and fig. 1 is: 1. a low melting point alloy; 2. a cover; 3. a housing.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a quantitative energy filling instrument, and fig. 2 shows: 4. rock wool heat insulation board; 5. a spot thermometer; 6. a test article; 7. a heating plate; 8. a timing temperature controller; 9. a thermocouple; 10. paperless temperature recorder.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the melting point and the heat of fusion of the alloys obtained in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the heat balance temperature and the injection energy detected by the conductive modules prepared in examples 7 to 12 and comparative example 7.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the heat balance temperature and the injection energy detected by the conductive modules prepared in example 7, example 10, example 12 and comparative examples 4 to 6.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the heat balance temperature and the injection energy detected by the conductive modules prepared in example 12, example 14 and comparative example 7.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the heat balance temperature and the injection energy detected by the conductive modules prepared in example 12, example 13 and comparative example 7.
Fig. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the heat balance temperature and the injection energy detected by the conductive modules prepared in examples 13 and 15.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Ga is high-purity metal, the purity is 4N, and the content is more than 99.99%.
The lightning arrester conductive module of the following embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, includes a housing 3, into which a low melting point alloy 1 is injected, and then is sealed by screw capping a cover 2. The conductivities described below were all measured using a PZ-60A eddy current conductivity tester.
The following examples 1 to 6 respectively prepared low melting point alloys of different specifications.
Example 1
The preparation method of the low-melting-point alloy A1 comprises the following steps:
according to Bi:25wt%, in:50wt%, sn:15wt%, ga:10wt percent of Bi, in, sn, ga high-purity metal is weighed, placed in a crucible, heated by an electric furnace, melted and stirred until the mixture is completely melted and mixed uniformly, and cooled to obtain the low-melting-point alloy A1.
Density of A1 was measured using a Density tester to be 7.78g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The specific heat capacity of A1 is measured to be 0.216J/g.K by using a specific heat capacity measuring instrument; the melting point of A1 was measured to be 49.3℃using a melting point tester; the heat of fusion of A1 was measured to be 44.6kJ/kg using the thermal compensation method.
Example 2
The preparation method of the low-melting-point alloy A2 comprises the following steps:
according to Bi:28wt%, in:50wt%, sn:12wt%, ga:10wt percent of Bi, in, sn, ga high-purity metal is weighed, placed in a crucible, heated by an electric furnace, melted and stirred until the mixture is completely melted and mixed uniformly, and cooled to obtain the low-melting-point alloy A2.
Density of A2 was measured using a Density tester to be 7.85g/cm 3 The specific heat capacity of A2 is measured to be 0.213J/g.K by using a specific heat capacity measuring instrument; the melting point of A2 was 55.1℃by a melting point measuring instrument, and the heat of fusion of A2 was 44.4kJ/kg by a thermal compensation method.
Example 3
The preparation method of the low-melting-point alloy A3 comprises the following steps:
according to Bi:27wt%, in:62wt%, sn:9wt%, ga:2wt percent of Bi, in, sn, ga high-purity metal is weighed, placed in a crucible, heated by an electric furnace, melted and stirred until the mixture is completely melted and mixed uniformly, and cooled to obtain the low-melting-point alloy A3.
Density of A3 was measured using a Density tester to be 7.94g/cm 3 A3 has a specific heat capacity of 0.203J/g.K measured by a specific heat capacity measuring instrument, A3 has a melting point of 59.5℃measured by a melting point measuring instrument, and A3 has a heat of fusion of 39.1kJ/kg measured by a thermal compensation method.
Example 4
The preparation method of the low-melting-point alloy A4 comprises the following steps:
according to Bi:26wt%, in:65wt%, sn:8wt%, ga:1wt percent of Bi, in, sn, ga high-purity metal is weighed, placed in a crucible, heated by an electric furnace, melted and stirred until the mixture is completely melted and mixed uniformly, and cooled to obtain the low-melting-point alloy A4.
Density of A4 was measured using a Density tester to be 7.93g/cm 3 The specific heat capacity of A4 was 0.203J/g.K as measured by a specific heat capacity measuring instrument, the melting point of A4 was 66.3℃as measured by a melting point measuring instrument, and the heat of fusion of A4 was 38.05kJ/kg as measured by a thermal compensation method.
Example 5
The preparation method of the low-melting-point alloy A5 comprises the following steps:
according to Bi:30wt%, in:63wt%, sn:5wt%, ga:2wt percent of Bi, in, sn, ga high-purity metal is weighed, placed in a crucible, heated by an electric furnace, melted and stirred until the mixture is completely melted and mixed uniformly, and cooled to obtain the low-melting-point alloy A5.
Density of A5 was measured to be 8.01g/cm using a Density tester 3 The specific heat capacity of A5 was 0.20J/g.K as measured by a specific heat capacity measuring instrument, the melting point of A5 was 68℃as measured by a melting point measuring instrument, and the heat of fusion of A5 was 38.6kJ/kg as measured by a thermal compensation method.
Example 6
The preparation method of the low-melting-point alloy A6 comprises the following steps:
according to Bi:30wt%, in:62wt%, sn:7wt%, ga:1wt percent of Bi, in, sn, ga high-purity metal is weighed, placed in a crucible, heated by an electric furnace, melted and stirred until the mixture is completely melted and mixed uniformly, and cooled to obtain the low-melting-point alloy A6.
Density of A6 was measured to be 8.03g/cm using a Density tester 3 A6 has a specific heat capacity of 0.198J/g.K measured by a specific heat capacity measuring instrument, A6 has a melting point of 70.3℃measured by a melting point measuring instrument, and A6 has a heat of fusion of 38.7kJ/kg measured by a thermal compensation method.
Comparative example 1
According to Bi:34wt%, in:12wt%, sn:54wt%, ga:0wt% of Bi, in and Sn high-purity metals are weighed, placed In a crucible, heated by an electric furnace, melted and stirred until the Bi, in and Sn high-purity metals are completely melted and mixed uniformly, and cooled to obtain the low-melting-point alloy A7.
Density of A7 was measured to be 8.14g/cm using a Density tester 3 The specific heat capacity of A7 was 0.191J/g.K as measured by a specific heat capacity measuring instrument, the melting point of A7 was 103.1℃as measured by a melting point measuring instrument, and the heat of fusion of A7 was 53.7kJ/kg as measured by a thermal compensation method.
Comparative example 2
According to Bi:0wt%, in:52wt%, sn:48wt%, ga:0wt% of In and Sn high-purity metals are weighed, placed In a crucible, heated by an electric furnace, melted and stirred until the materials are completely melted and mixed uniformly, and cooled to obtain the low-melting-point alloy A8.
Density of A8 was measured using a Density tester to be 7.3g/cm 3 A8 has a specific heat capacity of 0.229J/g.K measured by a specific heat capacity measuring instrument, A8 has a melting point of 118.3℃measured by a melting point measuring instrument, and A8 has a heat of fusion of 43.1kJ/kg measured by a thermal compensation method.
Comparative example 3
According to Bi:58wt%, in:0wt%, sn:42wt%, ga:0wt% of Bi and Sn high-purity metals are weighed, placed in a crucible, heated by an electric furnace, melted and stirred until the Bi and Sn high-purity metals are completely melted and mixed uniformly, and cooled to obtain the low-melting-point alloy A9.
Density of A9 was measured to be 8.73g/cm using a Density tester 3 The specific heat capacity of A9 was 0.165J/g.K as measured by a specific heat capacity measuring instrument, the melting point of A8 was 139℃as measured by a melting point measuring instrument, and the heat of fusion of A9 was 56.2kJ/kg as measured by a thermal compensation method.
The alloys prepared in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 3 above were used to prepare a lightning arrester conductive module according to the following examples and comparative examples.
Example 7
The preparation method of the lightning arrester conductive module comprises the following steps:
the shell 3 and the sealing cover 2 are manufactured by 6061 aluminum alloy, the shell 3 and the sealing cover 2 are connected through threads, the sealing cover 2 is embedded, the shell 3 is hollow cylinder, the diameter of the inner cavity is 61mm, the height is 12mm, the outer diameter of the shell 3 is 71mm, and the height is 22mm. The inner wall of the inner cavity is passivated by using passivation liquid.
The low melting point alloy A1 prepared in example 1 was melted and poured into the interior of the housing 3, the cover was fastened, and the total mass of the lightning arrester conductive module was 414g, wherein the sum of the mass of the housing and the cover of the lightning arrester conductive module was 141g, and the mass of the low melting point alloy A6 was 273g. The mass ratio of the alloy to the module housing and the cover was 2:1.
And (3) marking the heat storage capacity, specification and model of the conductive module on the shell by adopting laser code spraying to obtain the lightning arrester conductive module.
The specific heat capacity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured by the embodiment is 0.602J/g.K, the temperature control point is 49.3 ℃, the liquefied energy storage capacity at the temperature control point is 12.17kJ, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the low-melting-point alloy A1 is 0.568W/cm.K.
The conductivity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in the embodiment is determined by the material of the shell, and the conductivity of 6061 aluminum alloy is 58.1%IACS (20 ℃).
Example 8
The same method of preparing the conductive module as in example 7 was used, except that the alloy used was alloy A2 prepared in example 2.
The low melting point alloy A2 prepared in example 2 was melted and poured into the interior of the housing 3, the cover was fastened, and the total mass of the lightning arrester conductive module was 416g, wherein the sum of the mass of the housing and the cover of the lightning arrester conductive module was 141g, and the mass of the low melting point alloy A2 was 275g. The mass ratio of the alloy to the module housing and the cover was 2:1.
And (3) the heat storage capacity, specification and model of the conductive module are imprinted on the shell by adopting the ink spraying code, so that the lightning arrester conductive module is obtained.
The specific heat capacity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in the embodiment is 0.599J/g.K, the temperature control point is 55.1 ℃, the liquefied energy storage capacity at the temperature control point is 12.22kJ, the heat conductivity coefficient of the low-melting-point alloy A2 is 0.551W/cm.K, the conductivity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in the embodiment is determined by the shell material, and the conductivity of the 6061 aluminum alloy is 58.1% IACS (20 ℃).
Example 9
The same method of preparing the conductive module as in example 7 was used, except that the alloy used was alloy A3 prepared in example 3.
The low melting point alloy A3 prepared in example 3 was melted and poured into the interior of the housing 3, the cover was fastened, and the total mass of the lightning arrester conductive module was 420g, wherein the sum of the mass of the housing and the cover of the lightning arrester conductive module was 141g, and the mass of the low melting point alloy A3 was 279g. The mass ratio of the alloy to the module housing and the cover was 2:1.
And (3) marking the heat storage capacity, specification and model of the conductive module on the shell by adopting laser code spraying to obtain the lightning arrester conductive module.
The specific heat capacity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in the embodiment is 0.592J/g.K, the temperature control point is 59.5 ℃, the liquefaction energy storage capacity at the temperature control point is 10.89kJ, the heat conductivity coefficient of the low-melting-point alloy A3 is 0.595W/cm.K, the conductivity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in the embodiment is determined by the shell material, and the conductivity of the 6061 aluminum alloy is 58.1% IACS (20 ℃).
Example 10
The same method of preparing the conductive module as in example 7 was used, except that the alloy used was alloy A4 prepared in example 4.
The low melting point alloy A4 prepared in example 4 was melted and poured into the interior of the case 3, the cover was fastened, and the total mass of the lightning arrester conductive module was 419g, wherein the sum of the mass of the case and the cover of the lightning arrester conductive module was 141g, and the mass of the low melting point alloy A4 was 278g. The mass ratio of the alloy to the module housing and the cover was 2:1.
And (3) the heat storage capacity, specification and model of the conductive module are imprinted on the shell by adopting the ink spraying code, so that the lightning arrester conductive module is obtained.
The specific heat capacity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in the embodiment is 0.592J/g.K, the temperature control point is 66.3 ℃, the liquefied energy storage capacity at the temperature control point is 10.58kJ, the heat conductivity coefficient of the low-melting-point alloy A4 is 0.608W/cm.K, the conductivity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in the embodiment is determined by the shell material, and the conductivity of the 6061 aluminum alloy is 58.1% IACS (20 ℃).
Example 11
The same method of preparing the conductive module as in example 7 was used, except that the alloy used was alloy A5 prepared in example 5.
The low melting point alloy A5 prepared in example 5 was melted and poured into the interior of the case 3, the cover was fastened, and the total mass of the lightning arrester conductive module was 422g, wherein the sum of the mass of the case and the cover of the lightning arrester conductive module was 141g, and the mass of the low melting point alloy A5 was 281g. The mass ratio of the alloy to the module housing and the cover was 2:1.
And (3) the heat storage capacity, specification and model of the conductive module are imprinted on the shell by adopting the ink spraying code, so that the lightning arrester conductive module is obtained.
The specific heat capacity of the lightning arrester conductive module prepared in the embodiment is 0.589J/g.K, the temperature control point is 68 ℃, the liquefied energy storage capacity at the temperature control point is 10.84kJ, the heat conductivity coefficient of the low-melting-point alloy A5 is 0.579W/cm.K, the conductivity of the lightning arrester conductive module prepared in the embodiment is determined by the shell material, and the conductivity of the 6061 aluminum alloy is 58.1% IACS (20 ℃).
Example 12
The same method of preparing a conductive module as in example 7 was used, and the alloy used was alloy A3 prepared in example 6.
The low melting point alloy A6 prepared in example 6 was melted and poured into the interior of the housing 3, the cover was fastened, and the total mass of the lightning arrester conductive module was 423g, wherein the sum of the mass of the housing and the cover of the lightning arrester conductive module was 141g, and the mass of the low melting point alloy A6 was 282g. The mass ratio of the alloy to the module housing and the cover was 2:1.
And (3) marking the heat storage capacity, specification and model of the conductive module on the shell by adopting laser code spraying to obtain the lightning arrester conductive module.
The specific heat capacity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in the embodiment is 0.588J/g.K, the temperature control point is 70.3 ℃, the liquefied energy storage capacity at the temperature control point is 10.90kJ, the heat conductivity coefficient of the low-melting-point alloy A6 is 0.58W/cm.K, the conductivity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in the embodiment is determined by the shell material, and the conductivity of the 6061 aluminum alloy is 58.1% IACS (20 ℃).
Example 13
The preparation method of the lightning arrester conductive module comprises the following steps:
the shell 3 and the sealing cover 2 are manufactured by adopting 6061 aluminum alloy, the shell 3 and the sealing cover 2 are connected through threads, the sealing cover 2 is embedded, the shell 3 is hollow cylinder, the diameter of the inner cavity is 67mm, the height is 18mm, the outer diameter of the shell 3 is 71mm, and the height is 22mm. The inner wall of the inner cavity is passivated by using passivation liquid.
The low melting point alloy A6 prepared in example 6 was melted and poured into the interior of the case 3, the cover was fastened, and the total mass of the lightning arrester conductive module was 574g, wherein the sum of the mass of the case and the cover of the lightning arrester conductive module was 64g, and the mass of the low melting point alloy A6 was 510g. The mass ratio of the alloy to the module housing and the cover is 8:1.
And (3) the heat storage capacity, specification and model of the conductive module are imprinted on the shell by adopting the ink spraying code, so that the lightning arrester conductive module is obtained.
The specific heat capacity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in the embodiment is 0.346J/g.K, the temperature control point is 70.3 ℃, the liquefied energy storage capacity at the temperature control point is 19.72kJ, the heat conductivity coefficient of the low-melting-point alloy A6 is 0.58W/cm.K, the conductivity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in the embodiment is determined by the shell material, and the conductivity of the 6061 aluminum alloy is 58.1% IACS (20 ℃).
Example 14
The preparation method of the lightning arrester conductive module comprises the following steps:
adopt T2 red copper processing to make shell 3 and closing cap 2, shell 3 and closing cap 2 pass through threaded connection, and closing cap 2 is embedded, and shell 3 is hollow cylinder, and the diameter of inside appearance chamber is 61mm, and the height is 12mm, and the outside diameter of shell 3 is 71mm, and the height is 22mm. The inner wall of the inner cavity is passivated by using passivation liquid.
The low melting point alloy A6 prepared in example 6 was melted and poured into the interior of the case 3, the cover was fastened, and the total mass of the lightning arrester conductive module was 746g, wherein the sum of the mass of the case and the cover of the lightning arrester conductive module was 465g, and the mass of the low melting point alloy A6 was 281g. The mass ratio of the alloy to the module housing and the cover was 3:5.
And (3) marking the heat storage capacity, specification and model of the conductive module on the shell by adopting laser code spraying to obtain the lightning arrester conductive module.
The specific heat capacity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in the embodiment is 0.354J/g.K, the temperature control point is 70.3 ℃, the liquefied energy storage capacity at the temperature control point is 10.90kJ, the heat conductivity coefficient of the low-melting-point alloy A6 is 0.58W/cm.K, the conductivity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in the embodiment is determined by the shell material, and the conductivity of T2 red copper is 95.9% IACS (20 ℃).
Example 15
The preparation method of the lightning arrester conductive module comprises the following steps:
the shell 3 and the sealing cover 2 are manufactured by adopting 6061 aluminum alloy, the shell 3 and the sealing cover 2 are connected through threads, the sealing cover 2 is embedded, the shell 3 is hollow cylinder, the diameter of the inner cavity is 65mm, the height is 38mm, the outer diameter of the shell 3 is 71mm, and the height is 44mm. The inner wall of the inner cavity is passivated by using passivation liquid.
The low melting point alloy A6 prepared in example 6 was melted and poured into the interior of the housing 3, the cover was fastened, and the total mass of the lightning arrester conductive module was 1142g, wherein the sum of the mass of the housing and the cover of the lightning arrester conductive module was 130g, and the mass of the low melting point alloy A6 was 1012g. The mass ratio of the alloy to the module housing and the cover is 8:1.
And (3) the heat storage capacity, specification and model of the conductive module are imprinted on the shell by adopting the ink spraying code, so that the lightning arrester conductive module is obtained.
The specific heat capacity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in the embodiment is 0.349J/g.K, the temperature control point is 70.3 ℃, the liquefied energy storage capacity at the temperature control point is 39.18kJ, the heat conductivity coefficient of the low-melting-point alloy A6 is 0.58W/cm.K, the conductivity of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in the embodiment is determined by the shell material, and the conductivity of the 6061 aluminum alloy is 58.1% IACS (20 ℃).
Comparative example 4
The same method of preparing a conductive module as in example 7 was used, except that the alloy used was alloy A7 prepared in comparative example 1.
The total mass of the lightning arrester conductive module prepared in the comparative example is 426g, wherein the sum of the mass of the shell and the cover of the lightning arrester conductive module is 141g, and the mass of the low-melting-point alloy A7 is 285g. The mass ratio of the alloy to the module housing and the cover was 2:1.
The specific heat capacity of the lightning arrester conductive module prepared in the comparative example is 0.425J/g.K, the temperature control point is 103.1 ℃, the liquefied energy storage capacity at the temperature control point is 15.35kJ, the heat conductivity coefficient of the low-melting-point alloy A7 is 0.484W/cm.K, the conductivity of the lightning arrester conductive module prepared in the comparative example is determined by the shell material, and the conductivity of the 6061 aluminum alloy is 58.1% IACS (20 ℃).
Comparative example 5
The same method of preparing a conductive module as in example 7 was used, except that the alloy used was alloy A8 prepared in comparative example 2.
The total mass of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured in this comparative example was 397g, wherein the sum of the mass of the housing and the cover of the lightning arrester conductive module was 141g, and the mass of the low melting point alloy A8 was 256g. The mass ratio of the alloy to the module housing and the cover was 9:5.
The specific heat capacity of the conductive module prepared in this comparative example was 0.62J/g.K, the temperature control point was 118.3 ℃, the liquefied energy storage capacity at the temperature control point was 11.05kJ, the heat conductivity of the low melting point alloy A8 was 0.744W/cm.K, the conductivity of the conductive module prepared in this comparative example was determined by the material of the housing, and the conductivity of the 6061 aluminum alloy was 58.1% IACS (20 ℃).
Comparative example 6
The same method of preparing a conductive module as in example 7 was used, except that the alloy used was alloy A9 prepared in comparative example 3.
The total mass of the lightning arrester conductive module manufactured according to the proportion is 447g, wherein the sum of the mass of the shell and the cover of the lightning arrester conductive module is 141g, and the mass of the low-melting-point alloy A9 is 306g. The mass ratio of the alloy to the module housing and the cover was 11:5.
The specific heat capacity of the conductive module prepared in the comparative example is 0.555J/g.K, the temperature control point is 139 ℃, the liquefying energy storage capacity at the temperature control point is 17.21kJ, the heat conductivity coefficient of the low melting point alloy A9 is 0.325W/cm.K, the conductivity of the conductive module prepared in the comparative example is determined by the shell material, and the conductivity of the 6061 aluminum alloy is 58.1 percent IACS (20 ℃).
Comparative example 7
The cushion block is manufactured by adopting 6061 aluminum alloy processing, is of a solid structure, has an outer diameter of 71mm and a height of 22mm, and has a total mass of 236g.
The specific heat capacity of the conductive module prepared in this comparative example was 0.90J/g.K, the thermal conductivity was 2.37W/cm.K, and the electrical conductivity was 58.1% IACS (20 ℃ C.).
The schematic diagram of the quantitative energy injection instrument is shown in fig. 2, the P of a heating plate 7 adopted by the quantitative energy injection instrument is 100W, the heating is automatically controlled by a timing temperature controller 8, the time control precision is 0.01s, a heat insulation box is made of a rock wool heat insulation plate 4 with the length of 10cm, the outer edge of a test product 5 is 10cm away from the rock wool plate, an aluminum foil is stuck inside the heat insulation box, the temperature measurement is carried out by adopting a PT100 thermocouple 9 for temperature measurement, a temperature rise curve is recorded by a siphon F800 paperless temperature recorder 10, and repeated measurement confirmation is carried out by using a victory 6801 point thermometer 5. The heating efficiency eta measurement method of the quantitative energy injection instrument is as follows: 1) 500g of pure water (pure water mass is represented by m) was taken using a glass beaker and placed at 40℃C (T) 0 ) After the oven is kept warm for 2 hours, the cup is placed on a heating plate, a heat shield is covered, the heating time is set to 180s (the heating time is denoted by t), and the cup is automatically closed after the heating time is up. Measuring water temperature in the water cup and recording temperature T in heat balance 1 47.4 ℃; heating again for 180s, and measuring the water temperature T after heat balance 2 Heating again at 54.9deg.C for 180s, and measuring water temperature T after heat balance 3 62.3 ℃. The specific heat capacity C of the pure water is 4.2J/g.K; heating plate theoretical calculation output heat Q 0 =pt/1000=100× 180 ≡1000=18 kJ; actually absorbs heat: q (Q) 1 =Cm(T 1 -T 0 )=15.54kJ，Q 2 =Cm(T 2 -T 1 )=15.75kJ，Q 3 =Cm(T 3 -T 2 ) =15.54 kJ, and the heating efficiency of the energy injection instrument is calculated to be η= (Q 1 +Q 2 +Q 3 )/3/Q 0 = 86.72%. The injection energy Q is calculated as η and is equal to the corresponding time t, t=q+.p for 5kJ, 10kJ, 15kJ, 20kJ, 25kJ, 30kJ, 35kJ, 40kJ, 45kJ, respectively.
Melting point detection and heat of fusion measurement were performed on examples 1 to 6, and comparative example 1 without Ga, comparative example 2 without Bi, ga element, and comparative example 3 without In, ga element using a melting point meter and a thermal compensation method, as shown In fig. 3, bi can be seen from fig. 3: 25-30wt%, in: 50-65 wt%, sn: 5-15 wt%, ga: when 1-10wt%, the melting point of the alloy is In the range of 50-70 ℃, the preferable proportion is that the melting point is higher than 100 ℃ and the temperature control point is higher when Ga, bi or In are not contained In the ingredients.
Conducting modules prepared in examples 7-12 and comparative example 7 were subjected to experiments, the inside of an oven was baked to 20 ℃, the conducting modules were placed in a heat insulation box, timing heating was started, heat of 5kJ, 10kJ, 15kJ, 20kJ, 25kJ and 30kJ was respectively injected into each conducting module, the temperature rise of each conducting module was recorded by using a thermocouple and a temperature recorder, the heat balance temperature of the module was recorded, and the injected heat was calculated. As shown in fig. 4, it can be seen from fig. 4 that the conductive modules in the embodiments have good energy storage capacity, the temperature control points are within 50-70 ℃, and the temperature control points and the energy storage capacity of the conductive modules are different according to the alloy material ratio, but are suitable for the normal temperature control working condition of the lightning arrester, and can be selected according to the design requirement.
Conducting modules prepared in examples 7, 10, 12 and comparative examples 4-6 are subjected to experiments, the inside of an oven is baked to 20 ℃, the conducting modules are placed in a heat insulation box, timing heating is started, 5kJ, 10kJ, 15kJ, 20kJ, 25kJ, 30kJ, 35kJ, 40kJ and 45kJ heat are respectively injected into the conducting modules, the temperature rise conditions of the conducting modules are recorded by using a thermocouple and a temperature recorder, the heat balance temperature of the conducting modules is recorded, the injected heat is calculated, the relation between the heat balance temperature of the conducting modules and the injection energy is calculated, as shown in fig. 5, bi, in, sn, ga elements with different proportions are contained in the alloy of examples 7, 10 and 12, and the temperature control point of the conducting modules is 49.3-70.3 ℃ and is suitable for the normal temperature control working condition of a lightning arrester; comparative example 4 contains no Ga element and has a temperature control of 103.1 ℃; comparative example 5 does not contain Bi or Ga elements, and the temperature is controlled to be 118 ℃; in and Ga are not contained In comparative example 6, but the temperature control temperature is 139 ℃, and the conductive modules prepared In comparative examples 4-6 still have energy storage capacity, but the temperature control temperature (melting point) is more than 100 ℃, and the melting point temperature is too high to be used In a lightning arrester.
The conductive modules prepared in example 12, example 14 and comparative example 7 were subjected to experiments, and the inside of the oven was baked to 20 ℃. The conductive modules are placed in a heat insulation box, timing heating is started, 5kJ, 10kJ, 15kJ, 20kJ, 25kJ, 30kJ and 35kJ heat is respectively injected into each conductive module, the temperature rise condition of each module is recorded by using a thermocouple and a temperature recorder, the heat balance temperature of each module is recorded, the relation between the heat balance temperature and the injection energy is calculated, as shown in fig. 6, when the low-melting-point alloy with the same material in the modules is seen from fig. 6, the temperature control point and the energy storage capacity of the conductive modules are basically consistent, but when the injection energy is larger than the energy storage capacity of the conductive modules, the heat balance temperature of the conductive modules is lower than that of the embodiment 12, namely, when the shells with better heat conduction and electric conduction performances are adopted, the performance of the conductive modules is improved by using the embodiment 14 of a T2 shell with better heat conduction performance. As can also be seen from fig. 6, the energy storage can be achieved by using different conductive materials to make the housing and filling the cavity with low melting point alloy to make the conductive module. The shell of the conductive module can be manufactured by selecting 6061 or red copper according to actual conductive requirements.
The conductive modules prepared in example 12, example 13 and comparative example 7 were subjected to an experiment, and the inside of an oven was baked to 20 ℃. The conductive modules are placed in a heat insulation box, timing heating is started, 5kJ, 10kJ, 15kJ, 20kJ, 25kJ, 30kJ, 35kJ, 40kJ and 45kJ heat is respectively injected into the conductive modules, the temperature rise conditions of the conductive modules are recorded by using thermocouples and a temperature recorder, the heat balance temperature of the conductive modules is recorded, the injected heat is calculated, the relation between the heat balance temperature and the injection energy is shown in fig. 7, and as can be seen from fig. 7, the larger the mass ratio of the alloy to the shell is, the stronger the energy storage capacity of the conductive modules is. I.e. the energy storage capacity of the conductive module can be increased by increasing the alloy to shell mass ratio of the conductive module.
Experiments were performed in examples 13 and 15, the oven was baked to 20 ℃, the conductive module was placed in a heat insulation box, and the timing heating was started, and heat of 5kJ, 10kJ, 15J, 20kJ, 25J, 30kJ, 35J, 40kJ, and 45kJ was respectively injected into the conductive module, the temperature rise of each module was recorded using a thermocouple and a temperature recorder, the heat balance temperature of the module was recorded, and the relationship between the heat balance temperature and the injection energy was calculated, as shown in fig. 8, it was seen from fig. 8 that the temperature of the module could be maintained at the temperature control point when the injection energy was increased by increasing the mass of the conductive module. In the application design, the weight and the volume of the conductive module can be reasonably designed according to the energy required to be absorbed.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a lightning arrester conductive module is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: manufacturing a low-melting-point alloy;
step two: manufacturing a shell and a sealing cover structure; the shell and the sealing cover are made of 6061 aluminum alloy or T2 red copper;
step three: pouring the low-melting-point alloy into the shell after melting, and fastening the sealing cover;
step four: the shell is imprinted to obtain a lightning arrester conductive module;
the ratio of the mass of the low-melting-point alloy of the lightning arrester conductive module to the sum of the mass of the shell and the sealing cover is (3:5) - (8:1);
the low-melting-point alloy comprises the following components: bi: 25-30wt%, in: 50-65 wt%, sn: 5-15 wt%, ga: 1-10wt%.
2. The method for manufacturing a lightning arrester conductive module according to claim 1, wherein: the specific heat capacity of the low-melting-point alloy is 0.198-0.216J/g.K, the melting point is 49.3-70.3 ℃, and the heat of fusion is 38.05-44.6 kJ/kg.
3. The method for manufacturing a lightning arrester conductive module according to claim 1, wherein: the sealing cover is embedded, the shell is hollow cylinder, the diameter of the inner containing cavity is 61-67 mm, and the height is 12-38 mm.
4. A method of manufacturing a lightning conductor module according to claim 3, wherein: the outer diameter of the shell is 71mm, and the height of the shell is 22-44 mm; and passivating the inner wall of the inner cavity.
5. The method for manufacturing a lightning arrester conductive module according to claim 1, wherein: the manufacturing method of the low-melting-point alloy comprises the following steps: and weighing Bi, in, sn, ga, placing the materials in a crucible, heating by an electric furnace, stirring after melting until the materials are completely melted and uniformly mixed, and cooling to obtain the low-melting-point alloy.
6. The method for manufacturing a lightning arrester conductive module according to claim 1, wherein: the housing and the cover are connected by threads.
7. The method for manufacturing a lightning arrester conductive module according to claim 1, wherein: the shell is marked by adopting laser or ink jet code to mark the heat storage capacity, specification and model of the conductive module on the shell.
8. A lightning arrester conductive module, characterized in that: is produced by the method for producing a lightning conductor module according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1861824A (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2006-11-15 | 四川省有色冶金研究院 | Non-pollution lower melting point alloy |
| CN205984482U (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-22 | 国网江苏省电力公司镇江供电公司 | MOA (metal oxide arrester) |
| CN108063035A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-05-22 | 华北电力大学 | High-capacity lightning arrester constructed by using low-melting-point alloy and method thereof |
| CN208352048U (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2019-01-08 | 水电十四局大理聚能投资有限公司 | A kind of simple novel metal oxide arrester |
| WO2022121885A1 (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-16 | 西安西电避雷器有限责任公司 | Lightning arrester and processing method therefor |
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- 2023-12-25 CN CN202311786154.3A patent/CN117457306B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1861824A (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2006-11-15 | 四川省有色冶金研究院 | Non-pollution lower melting point alloy |
| CN205984482U (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-22 | 国网江苏省电力公司镇江供电公司 | MOA (metal oxide arrester) |
| CN108063035A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-05-22 | 华北电力大学 | High-capacity lightning arrester constructed by using low-melting-point alloy and method thereof |
| CN208352048U (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2019-01-08 | 水电十四局大理聚能投资有限公司 | A kind of simple novel metal oxide arrester |
| WO2022121885A1 (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-16 | 西安西电避雷器有限责任公司 | Lightning arrester and processing method therefor |
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