CN117449003A - 一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线、织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线、织物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN117449003A
CN117449003A CN202311530065.2A CN202311530065A CN117449003A CN 117449003 A CN117449003 A CN 117449003A CN 202311530065 A CN202311530065 A CN 202311530065A CN 117449003 A CN117449003 A CN 117449003A
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蔡光明
吴桂林
王羽
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Wuhan Textile University
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Abstract

本发明涉及功能性织物技术领域，具体涉及一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线、织物及其制备方法。本发明以PBO纱为芯纱，通过静电纺丝在芯纱表面包覆聚氨酯层，随后将MXene和CNT油墨混合溶液涂覆在PU层上构建导电传感层，PU具有大的比表面积和孔隙率，MXene和CNT油墨可稳定均匀附着，在此基础上以耐高温阻燃纤维作为鞘纱，通过摩擦纺使鞘纱紧密包覆芯纱和导电传感层，不仅增加了耐磨性，也赋予其良好的耐高温性能，最后，在鞘纱表面多次涂覆银纳米线制备得具有温敏性能的鞘层。本发明制备的复合纱导电性优异，温度感应灵敏，功能稳定，克服了现有抗冲击复合材料无导电传感性能及在高温条件下应用的局限性问题。

Description

一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线、织物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及功能性织物技术领域，具体涉及一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线、织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
许多场合需要用具有耐高温和抵抗冲击的特殊防护材料，特别是在火灾救援中，此类特殊防护材料除提供基本的高温防护外，还可吸收火灾中爆炸产生冲击能量，提供人体安全的保护。传统的防冲击耐高温材料多为剪切增稠体与高性能纤维结合或高性能纤维与树脂复合而成，而剪切增稠体常态下为液体，不易穿着携带，长期放置容易分层；高性能纤维与树脂复合其柔性差，不具传感性能，这些都与可穿戴、智能化的发展相悖。随着现代纺织技术的发展，具有特殊防护功能的基于高性能纱线和织物传感器的研究逐渐增多。
现有的技术中，在高性能纱线上制备导电传感层的方式多为直接浸渍涂覆或化学沉降导电材料，如碳纳米管、石墨烯、MXene等，或为金属丝包缠，由于大多高性能纱线表面光滑且呈极强的化学惰性，直接浸渍涂覆导电材料存在界面结合问题，且在实际应用中导电层易产生裂纹或脱落，影响导电传感性能。
再如公开号为CN116288868A的中国专利公开了一种棉纱线、连续玄武岩纤维包缠结构的复合织物及制备方法，该织物是由连续玄武岩纤维和棉纱线复合得到的包缠纱线编织而成，其中，包缠纱线的芯纱为连续玄武岩纤维，外包缠纱为棉纱线。包缠纱线结合了棉纤维所具有的易织性、吸水性、手感柔软性和玄武岩纤维所具有的高强度、无收缩、耐腐蚀、耐高温等性能。该包缠纱线织物可以避免无机纤维与人体直接接触而造成扎伤，同时提高了棉纱线强度、抗收缩及抗褶皱性能。虽然复合织物制作的衣物具有耐高温性，但纱线的柔性和后续的编织性受到一定的限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点，提供一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线、织物及其制备方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现：一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1. 静电纺：以PBO纱为芯纱，通过静电纺在芯纱表面包覆聚氨酯；
S2. 一次喷涂：在包覆聚氨酯的芯纱上喷涂导电传感溶液，所述导电传感溶液为MXene溶液和CNT油墨溶液的混合液，其中，MXene溶液的浓度为0.5～5wt%，CNT油墨溶液的浓度为1～5%；喷涂结束后放入烘箱中烘干，得导电传感层的芯纱；
S3. 摩擦纺：以耐高温阻燃纤维为鞘纱，通过摩擦纺将其紧密包覆在导电传感层的芯纱上，得摩擦纺鞘纱；
S4. 二次喷涂：在摩擦纺鞘纱上喷涂银纳米线5～20次，且银纳米线浓度为5～20mg/ml，制得耐高温抗冲击复合纱线。
进一步地，所述PBO纱的直径为800～1500D，聚氨酯纺丝原液的浓度为16～24wt%。
进一步地，所述静电纺丝时的电压为10～12kV，接收距离为15～20cm。
进一步地，所述混合液中MXene溶液和CNT油墨溶液的体积比为0.3～3:1。
进一步地，所述喷枪喷涂的时间为4～20min，烘干的温度为50～80℃，喷涂和烘干重复3～10次。
进一步地，所述摩擦纺时设置摩擦辊速度为4000～6000r/min，分梳棍速度为3500～5500r/min，喂入速度为0.5～1.2m/min，输出速度为15～25m/min，卷曲速度为16～26m/min。
进一步地，所述耐高温阻燃纤维为芳纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维或阻燃粘胶纤维中的一种。
上述的方法制备的耐高温抗冲击复合纱线。
一种织物，采用上述的耐高温抗冲击复合纱线编制而成。
本发明具有以下优点：本发明采用PBO纱为芯纱，具有优良的耐冲击性和耐热性，通过静电纺丝技术在芯纱表面包覆聚氨酯（PU）层，随后，将MXene和CNT油墨混合溶液涂覆在PU层上构建导电传感层，PU具有大的比表面积和孔隙率，MXene和CNT油墨可稳定均匀附着，在此基础上以耐高温阻燃纤维作为鞘纱，通过摩擦纺使鞘纱紧密包覆芯纱和导电传感层，不仅增加了耐磨性，也赋予其良好的耐高温性能，最后，在鞘纱表面多次涂覆银纳米线制备得具有温敏性能的鞘层。所述织物由上述复合纱线制备。本发明制备的复合纱导电性优异，温度感应灵敏，功能稳定，克服了现有抗冲击复合材料无导电传感性能及在高温条件下应用的局限性问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明的复合纱在不同温度下的温度响应电阻变化曲线。
图2是本发明的复合纱喷涂不同Ag NWs次数的电流变化曲线。
图3是本发明的织物在不同温度下的电阻变化曲线。
图4是本发明的织物在循环温度变化下的电阻变化曲线。
图5是本发明的织物在不同冲击高度下的力位移曲线。
图6是本发明的织物在不同冲击能量下的能量损失率。
图7是本发明的织物在不同力下的电输出传感测试结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步的描述，本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述：
实施例1：一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1. 静电纺：以PBO纱为芯纱，通过静电纺在芯纱表面包覆聚氨酯；其中，所述PBO纱的直径为800D，聚氨酯纺丝原液的浓度为16wt%；所述静电纺丝时的电压为10kV；接收距离为15cm；
S2. 一次喷涂：在包覆聚氨酯的芯纱上喷涂导电传感溶液，喷枪喷涂的时间为4min，所述导电传感溶液为MXene溶液和CNT油墨溶液的混合液，其中，MXene溶液的浓度为0.5wt%，CNT油墨溶液的浓度为1%，混合液中MXene溶液和CNT油墨溶液的体积比为0.3:1；喷涂结束后放入50℃烘箱中烘干，喷涂和烘干重复3次，得导电传感层的芯纱；
S3. 摩擦纺：以芳纶纤维为鞘纱，通过摩擦纺将其紧密包覆在导电传感层的芯纱上，得摩擦纺鞘纱；所述摩擦纺时设置摩擦辊速度为4000r/min，分梳棍速度为3500r/min，喂入速度为0.5m/min，输出速度为15m/min，卷曲速度为16m/min。
S4. 二次喷涂：在摩擦纺鞘纱上喷涂银纳米线5次，且银纳米线浓度为5mg/ml，制得耐高温抗冲击复合纱线。
实施例2：一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1. 静电纺：以PBO纱为芯纱，通过静电纺在芯纱表面包覆聚氨酯；其中，所述PBO纱的直径为1500D，聚氨酯纺丝原液的浓度为24wt%；所述静电纺丝时的电压为12kV；接收距离为20cm；
S2. 一次喷涂：在包覆聚氨酯的芯纱上喷涂导电传感溶液，喷枪喷涂的时间为20min，所述导电传感溶液为MXene溶液和CNT油墨溶液的混合液，其中，MXene溶液的浓度为5wt%，CNT油墨溶液的浓度为5%，混合液中MXene溶液和CNT油墨溶液的体积比为3:1；喷涂结束后放入80℃烘箱中烘干，喷涂和烘干重复10次，得导电传感层的芯纱；
S3. 摩擦纺：以聚酰亚胺纤维为鞘纱，通过摩擦纺将其紧密包覆在导电传感层的芯纱上，得摩擦纺鞘纱；所述摩擦纺时设置摩擦辊速度为6000r/min，分梳棍速度为5500r/min，喂入速度为1.2m/min，输出速度为25m/min，卷曲速度为26m/min。
S4. 二次喷涂：在摩擦纺鞘纱上喷涂银纳米线20次，且银纳米线浓度为20mg/ml，制得耐高温抗冲击复合纱线。
实施例3：一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1. 静电纺：以PBO纱为芯纱，通过静电纺在芯纱表面包覆聚氨酯；其中，所述PBO纱的直径为1000D，聚氨酯纺丝原液的浓度为18wt%；所述静电纺丝时的电压为11kV，接收距离为16cm；
S2. 一次喷涂：在包覆聚氨酯的芯纱上喷涂导电传感溶液，喷枪喷涂的时间为10min，所述导电传感溶液为MXene溶液和CNT油墨溶液的混合液，其中，MXene溶液的浓度为2wt%，CNT油墨溶液的浓度为2%，混合液中MXene溶液和CNT油墨溶液的体积比为1:1；喷涂结束后放入55℃烘箱中烘干，喷涂和烘干重复5次，得导电传感层的芯纱；
S3. 摩擦纺：以阻燃粘胶纤维为鞘纱，通过摩擦纺将其紧密包覆在导电传感层的芯纱上，得摩擦纺鞘纱；所述摩擦纺时设置摩擦辊速度为4500r/min，分梳棍速度为4000～r/min，喂入速度为0.8m/min，输出速度为18m/min，卷曲速度为20m/min。
S4. 二次喷涂：在摩擦纺鞘纱上喷涂银纳米线10次，且银纳米线浓度为10mg/ml，制得耐高温抗冲击复合纱线。
实施例4：一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1. 静电纺：以PBO纱为芯纱，通过静电纺在芯纱表面包覆聚氨酯；其中，所述PBO纱的直径为1300D，聚氨酯纺丝原液的浓度为22wt%；所述静电纺丝时的电压为12kV，接收距离为14cm；
S2. 一次喷涂：在包覆聚氨酯的芯纱上喷涂导电传感溶液，喷枪喷涂的时间为15min，所述导电传感溶液为MXene溶液和CNT油墨溶液的混合液，其中，MXene溶液的浓度为4wt%，CNT油墨溶液的浓度为4.5%，混合液中MXene溶液和CNT油墨溶液的体积比为2.5:1；喷涂结束后放入70℃烘箱中烘干，喷涂和烘干重复8次，得导电传感层的芯纱；
S3. 摩擦纺：以芳纶纤维为鞘纱，通过摩擦纺将其紧密包覆在导电传感层的芯纱上，得摩擦纺鞘纱；所述摩擦纺时设置摩擦辊速度为5500r/min，分梳棍速度为5000r/min，喂入速度为1.0m/min，输出速度为22m/min，卷曲速度为22m/min。
S4. 二次喷涂：在摩擦纺鞘纱上喷涂银纳米线15次，且银纳米线浓度为16mg/ml，制得耐高温抗冲击复合纱线。
以下通过实验说明本发明的有益效果：
取实施例3制备的耐高温抗冲击复合纱线为实验纱线，测试实施例3制备的复合纱线在不同温度下的温度响应电阻值，实验结果如图1所示，由图1可知：复合纱在不同的温度下表现出明显的不同电阻变化，具有热敏传感性能。
以实施例3的制备方法制备耐高温抗冲击复合纱线，分别在步骤S4二次喷涂时设置不同的喷涂次数，测试不同银纳米线喷涂次数的复合纱电流变化，实验结果如图2所示，由图2可知，复合纱的电流随着喷涂次数的增加而增加，喷涂银纳米线可提高复合纱的温度灵敏性。
取实施例3制备的耐高温抗冲击复合纱线为实验纱线，并采用其纱线在机织机或针织机进行编制为织物，测试织物在不同温度下的电阻变化，实验结果如图3所示，由图3可知，织物在0-400℃的温度范围内具有良好的传感性能。
取实施例3制备的耐高温抗冲击复合纱线为实验纱线，并采用其纱线在机织机或针织机进行编制为织物，测试织物在循环温度变化下的电阻变化，实验结果如图4所示，由图4可知，织物在50-200℃的循环温度下电阻变化稳定，具有良好的可循环温度传感性能。
取实施例3制备的耐高温抗冲击复合纱线为实验纱线，并采用其纱线在机织机或针织机进行编制为织物，测试织物在不同冲击高度下的力时间变化，实验结果如图5所示，由图5可知，冲击高度越大，所受冲击力峰值越大。
取实施例3制备的耐高温抗冲击复合纱线为实验纱线，并采用其纱线在机织机或针织机进行编制为织物，测试织物在不同冲击能量下的能量损失变化，实验结果如图6所示，由图6可知，冲击能量越大能量损失率越大，在2.2J的冲击能量下，能量损失率为76.9%，具有良好抗冲击防护性能。
取实施例3制备的耐高温抗冲击复合纱线为实验纱线，并采用其纱线在机织机或针织机进行编制为织物，测试织物在不同力下的电输出传感值，实验结果如图7所示，由图7可知，织物可作为压力传感器，评估所受外力大小。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，它包括以下步骤：
S1. 静电纺：以PBO纱为芯纱，通过静电纺在芯纱表面包覆聚氨酯；
S2. 一次喷涂：在包覆聚氨酯的芯纱上喷涂导电传感溶液，所述导电传感溶液为MXene溶液和CNT油墨溶液的混合液，其中，MXene溶液的浓度为0.5～5wt%，CNT油墨溶液的浓度为1～5%；喷涂结束后放入烘箱中烘干，得导电传感层的芯纱；
S3. 摩擦纺：以耐高温阻燃纤维为鞘纱，通过摩擦纺将其紧密包覆在导电传感层的芯纱上，得摩擦纺鞘纱；
S4. 二次喷涂：在摩擦纺鞘纱上喷涂银纳米线5～20次，且银纳米线浓度为5～20mg/ml，制得耐高温抗冲击复合纱线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，所述PBO纱的直径为800～1500D，聚氨酯纺丝原液的浓度为16～24wt%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，所述静电纺丝时的电压为10～12kV，接收距离为15～20cm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，所述混合液中MXene溶液和CNT油墨溶液的体积比为0.3～3:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，所述喷枪喷涂的时间为4～20min，烘干的温度为50～80℃，喷涂和烘干重复3～10次。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，所述摩擦纺时设置摩擦辊速度为4000～6000r/min，分梳棍速度为3500～5500r/min，喂入速度为0.5～1.2m/min，输出速度为15～25m/min，卷曲速度为16～26m/min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温抗冲击复合纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，所述耐高温阻燃纤维为芳纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维或阻燃粘胶纤维中的一种。
8.权利要求1-7中任一所述的方法制备的耐高温抗冲击复合纱线。
9.一种织物，其特征在于，采用权利要求8所述的耐高温抗冲击复合纱线编制而成。
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