CN117448806A - Laser cladding remanufacturing strengthening method - Google Patents
Laser cladding remanufacturing strengthening method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117448806A CN117448806A CN202311260579.0A CN202311260579A CN117448806A CN 117448806 A CN117448806 A CN 117448806A CN 202311260579 A CN202311260579 A CN 202311260579A CN 117448806 A CN117448806 A CN 117448806A
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 6
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, relates to the technical field of material science and surface engineering, and in particular relates to a laser cladding remanufacturing strengthening method, which comprises the following steps of: pretreatment of the surface of the coupler; the coupler after surface pretreatment is subjected to high-speed laser cladding, the cladding layer is designed to be multi-layer multi-channel cladding, the chromium content concentration in the cladding layer is clad in an increasing sequence from inside to outside, the single-channel cladding thickness is also clad in an increasing sequence from inside to outside, and the chromium concentration increasing range of each cladding layer is 0% -15%. According to the method, the laser cladding of the high-hardness gradient chromium-rich wear-resistant layer is carried out on the outer surface of the coupler, the cladding layer and the matrix form metallurgical compact combination, the combination strength is high, the hardness is high, the wear resistance of the coupler can be improved, the coupler is not easy to fall off under the condition of long-term operation, and the service life of a workpiece is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a laser cladding remanufacturing strengthening method.
Background
With the rapid development of economy, the working environment of equipment parts in various industries is more and more complicated, particularly, the performance requirements of key parts such as surfaces and interfaces of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant parts are higher and higher, and the parts can be reduced in performance and even damaged due to factors such as abrasion, corrosion, extreme environments and the like in the long-term service process, so that the probability of scrapping the parts is increased. Parts that are typically rejected due to surface failure are: rotor blades, shaft-like parts, gear-like parts, molds, etc. If the critical parts are repaired in time in the early stage of damage, the initial working state can be achieved, the laser cladding can repair the critical parts scrapped due to long-term service damage, the existing manufacturing process can be optimized, for example, remanufacturing and strengthening are directly carried out on the parts with special requirements of the equipment parts, so that the service period of the workpiece is prolonged under the condition of meeting the existing working condition, and the resource utilization rate is effectively improved.
In recent years, chromium is an indispensable important alloy element in various developed wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy materials, and has excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance, and a hard chromium plating layer has high melting point and good chemical stability, and also has high hardness and can resist wear and deformation caused by long-term work. The current method used in industry is chromium electroplating. The chromium plating layer has low cost, good and uniform hardness, but the hard chromium plating layer is basically physically combined with the matrix material, has poor bonding force, is easy to cause bubbles, oxidation, cracks and the like to cause the failure of the plating layer after long-term use, and has serious environmental pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve one or more of the problems occurring in the prior art, in view of the disadvantages of the prior art. For example, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a method for strengthening the surface of a coupling by laser cladding, which can firmly bond a cladding layer with a base material, and can achieve the purpose of strengthening the surface of a workpiece and prolonging the service life by enabling the overall cladding layer to meet the hardness requirement.
Specifically, the invention provides a more practical laser cladding chromium-rich coating technology capable of replacing an electroplated hard chromium coating aiming at remanufacturing, repairing and strengthening the surface of a 40Cr coupler workpiece serving as a base material, wherein the coupler is a mechanical part for firmly connecting a driving shaft and a driven shaft in mechanical equipment, plays a role in transmitting power and torque, and damages the surface and interface functions due to abrasion, wind erosion, oxidization and the like after long-term use. The cladding layer after laser cladding has better hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and thermal property, saves raw materials, has no pollution, has the advantages of environmental protection, compact cladding layer, high bonding strength with a base material and the like compared with the technology of electroplating chromium and the like, can achieve metallurgical bonding with the base material, can reduce cracks and pores of the cladding layer to the greatest extent, enhances the bonding strength of the cladding layer and the base material, greatly prolongs the service life of parts, and simultaneously adds a certain content of chromium into alloy powder, thereby not only saving the demand for pure chromium plating, but also improving the corrosion resistance and the bonding strength with the base material while ensuring the hardness of the cladding layer to meet the demand. The method of the invention adopts a layer of chromium-rich coating on the outer surface of the coupler by laser cladding, adopts a plurality of layers of cladding, and increases the chromium content according to gradient, thus leading the coating to be more firmly combined with the base material, and simultaneously leading the integral cladding layer to meet certain hardness requirement, thereby achieving the purpose of strengthening the surface of the workpiece and prolonging the service life.
The invention provides a laser cladding remanufacturing strengthening method, which comprises the following steps of:
and S01, pretreatment of the surface of the coupler. For example, a high-speed laser cladding technique may be used to perform laser surface pretreatment on the outer surface of the coupling workpiece to remove contaminants, rust and submicron-sized contaminant particles, and then cladding a high-hardness wear-resistant coating on the cleaned workpiece surface.
Step S02, carrying out high-speed laser cladding on the coupling subjected to surface pretreatment, wherein the cladding is designed into a multilayer multi-channel cladding, the cladding is carried out in an increasing sequence from inside to outside in the chromium content concentration, the single-channel cladding is also carried out in an increasing sequence from inside to outside in the thickness, the increasing range of the chromium concentration of each cladding is 0% -15%, and the mass percentage range of each component element in the cladding can be as follows: c:0.2-0.5wt%, si:0.3-0.5wt%, cr:10.5 to 35.6wt percent of Mn:0.4-0.5wt%, co:0.1-0.5wt%, ni:0.1-0.8wt%, V:0-0.3wt%, mo:0-12wt% and the balance of Fe. For example, the mass percentage range of each component element in the cladding layer can be as follows: c:0.25-0.4wt%, si:0.35-0.42wt%, cr:12.5 to 30.5wt percent of Mn:0.42-0.48wt%, co:0.2-0.4wt%, ni:0.3-0.6wt%, V:0-0.25wt%, mo:0-11wt% and the balance being Fe. For example, the mass percentage range of each component element in the cladding layer can be as follows: c:0.32-0.38wt%, si:0.37-0.40wt%, cr:20.5 to 27.2wt percent of Mn:0.44 to 0.47wt%, co:0.25 to 0.38wt%, ni:0.4-0.52wt%, V:0-0.19wt%, mo:0-9.2wt% and the balance of Fe. Preferably, the chromium concentration of each cladding layer is increased by 2% -15%. The cladding is carried out in the increasing sequence from inside to outside through the chromium content concentration, and the single-pass cladding thickness is also carried out in the increasing sequence from inside to outside, so that the inner cladding layer and the substrate coupler 40Cr can be ensured to have more similar alloy content, the hardness of the outer cladding layer is increased, and the wear resistance is improved. For example, the chromium concentration of each cladding layer can be increased by 3% -14%, 5% -10%, 6% -12%, 8% -9% or a combination of the above ranges. High-speed laser cladding is carried out by adjusting cladding parameters such as laser power, light spot size, linear speed, overlap ratio and the like, and a high-hardness gradient chromium-rich wear-resistant layer is subjected to laser cladding on the outer surface of the coupler in an argon blowing and coaxial lateral powder feeding mode. For example, the thickness of the cladding layer may be 2 layers, 3 layers, or more.
Further, the high-speed laser cladding parameters may include: the laser power is controlled at 1500W-3500W, the diameter of the circular light spot can be 4mm-10mm, the range of multi-channel cladding overlap ratio is 40% -70%, the scanning speed is more than 20mm/s, and the high-speed laser cladding is carried out on the surface of the coupler by adopting an argon powder blowing and coaxial lateral powder feeding mode. For example, the laser power can be 1800W-3200W, the diameter of a circular light spot is 6mm, the range of multi-channel cladding overlap ratio is 50% -65%, and the scanning speed is 25 mm/s-40 mm/s. For another example, the laser power can be 2000W-2800W, the diameter of the circular light spot is 6.5mm, the range of multi-channel cladding overlap ratio is 52% -63%, and the scanning speed is 31 mm/s-38 mm/s.
Further, the thickness of the single-pass cladding is 0.1mm-0.8mm, and the thickness of the first cladding layer is not more than that of other cladding layers. For example, the increased thickness per layer may be 0.2mm-0.5mm, and for another example, the increased thickness per layer may be 0.3mm.
Further, the high-speed laser cladding also comprises heat preservation treatment in the cladding process, and the heat preservation temperature can be 40-90 ℃. For example, the incubation temperature may be 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, or 80 ℃. Namely, the temperature generated in the laser cladding process is not reduced, a contact thermometer can be used for measuring the temperature, and measures such as heat preservation cotton can be adopted for heat preservation.
Further, the high-speed laser cladding also comprises slow cooling of the coating after cladding, and the slow cooling speed can be 3 ℃/h-8 ℃/h. For example, the slow cooling rate may be 4 ℃/h, 5 ℃/h, 6 ℃/h, or 7 ℃/h.
Further, the pretreatment of the surface of the coupling comprises the surface treatment by laser, and the laser power of the surface treatment can be 500-1500W. For example, the surface treatment laser power may be 1000W.
Further, the coupler is 40Cr, and the outer surface of the coupler is a cylinder or cone.
Further, the high-speed laser cladding is preceded by cladding powder drying, the drying temperature is 100-140 ℃, and the drying time is 40 min-2 h. For example, the drying temperature is 120 ℃, and the drying time may be 1h.
Further, after high-speed laser cladding, the hardness of the cladding layer ranges from HRC43 to 55.
Further, the specific steps of high-speed laser cladding may include:
(1) Pretreatment: and adjusting the laser power to 1000W, carrying out oil stain removal, rust removal and other treatments on the surface of the coupler, drying the base material, and drying the raw material powder to be clad at 120 ℃ for 1h.
(2) Laser parameters: the laser power in the laser cladding process is controlled to be 1500W-3500W, the diameter of a circular light spot is 6mm, the range of multi-channel cladding overlap ratio is 40% -70%, and the scanning speed is more than 20mm/s.
(3) The laser cladding process adopts coaxial lateral powder feeding and argon gas powder blowing, the single-pass cladding thickness is 0.1mm-0.8mm, the cladding layer number can be set according to the thickness requirement of a workpiece, the chromium concentration increasing range of each cladding layer is 10% -15%, and the thickness of the first cladding layer is not more than other layers.
(4) The cladding process needs to be insulated, namely the temperature generated in the laser cladding process is not reduced, the insulation cotton and other measures can be used for insulation, namely the temperature generated in the laser cladding process is not reduced, the contact thermometer can be used for measuring the temperature, the temperature range is kept at 40-90 ℃, the coating needs to be slowly cooled after cladding, and the slow cooling speed is 3-8 ℃/h.
The average roughness of the laser cladding coating is between 0.2 and 3.5 mu m when the laser cladding coating is not processed, and the hardness of the outer surface of the coupler can be improved by more than 30 percent after the laser cladding reinforcement. The coating and the matrix form metallurgical compact combination, the combination strength is high, the hardness is high, the wear resistance of the coupler can be improved, the coupler is not easy to fall off under the condition of long-term operation, and the service life of a workpiece is prolonged.
The beneficial effects of the invention at least comprise: the method can enable the cladding layer and the matrix to form metallurgical compact combination, has high combination strength and high hardness, can improve the wear resistance of the coupler, ensures that the coupler is not easy to fall off under the condition of long-term operation, and prolongs the service life of the workpiece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing a cladding area and an unfused area of a cylindrical sample which are clad by laser at high speed;
fig. 2 is an illustration of the coupling outer surface after laser cladding remanufacturing strengthening (machined).
Detailed Description
The invention is further described by means of the following specific examples:
example 1
The method comprises the steps of carrying out laser remanufacturing and strengthening on the outer surface of a coupler workpiece, wherein the material of a base material is 40Cr, the hardness is HRC36, the hardness of the outer surface of the workpiece is improved after laser cladding to enable the workpiece to achieve high wear resistance, firstly, carrying out degreasing, rust removal and other treatments on a part to be strengthened on the surface of the coupler by using laser with the power of 1000W, drying at the same time, carrying out 120 ℃ drying for 1h on raw material powder to be clad, and the mass percentage ranges of raw material components of a coating to be clad are as follows: c:0.3wt%, si:0.3wt%, 11wt% Cr, 0.4wt% Mn, 0.1wt% Co, 0.2wt% Ni, 0.1wt% V, 2.2wt% Mo and the balance Fe; the laser cladding process adopts coaxial lateral powder feeding and argon gas powder blowing, the cladding layer number is set to be three layers, the cladding thickness of the inner layer is 0.2mm, the chromium content is 11wt%, each layer is increased by 10%, the cladding thickness of the middle layer is 0.5mm, the cladding thickness of the outer layer is 0.8mm, the laser power in the laser cladding process is controlled to be 2700W, the diameter of a circular light spot is 6mm, the lap joint rate is 45%, and the scanning rate is 20mm/s. The cladding process needs to be insulated, namely the temperature generated in the laser cladding process is not reduced, a contact thermometer can be used for measuring the temperature, the temperature range is kept at 80 ℃, insulation cotton and other measures can be adopted for insulation, the coating after cladding needs to be slowly cooled, the slow cooling speed range is 3 ℃/h, the average roughness of the cladding coating is Ra0.4 when no subsequent finish machining is carried out, the hardness of the outer surface of the coupling is HRC50 after laser cladding reinforcement, and the hardness is improved by 38.9% compared with the hardness of a base material.
Example 2
The method comprises the steps of carrying out laser remanufacturing and strengthening on the outer surface of a coupler workpiece, wherein the material of a base material is 40Cr, the hardness is HRC36, the hardness of the outer surface of the workpiece is improved after laser cladding to enable the workpiece to achieve high wear resistance, firstly, carrying out degreasing, rust removal and other treatments on a part to be strengthened on the surface of the coupler by using laser with the power of 1000W, drying at the same time, carrying out 120 ℃ drying for 1h on raw material powder to be clad, and the mass percentage ranges of raw material components of a coating to be clad are as follows: c:0.2wt%, si:0.3wt%, 12.1wt% Cr, 0.4wt% Mn, 0.2wt% Co, 0.1wt% Ni, 0.2wt% V, 2.8wt% Mo and the balance Fe; the laser cladding process adopts coaxial lateral powder feeding and argon gas powder blowing, the number of cladding layers is set to be two, the cladding thickness of the inner layer is 0.5mm, the chromium content is 12.1wt%, each layer is increased by 10%, the thickness of the outer layer is 0.8mm, the laser power in the laser cladding process is controlled to be 2800W, the diameter of a circular light spot is 6mm, the lap joint rate is 60%, and the scanning rate is 30mm/s. The cladding process needs to be insulated, namely the temperature generated in the laser cladding process is not reduced, a contact thermometer can be used for measuring the temperature, the temperature range is kept at 75 ℃, insulation cotton and other measures can be adopted for insulation, the coating after cladding needs to be slowly cooled, the slow cooling speed range is 5 ℃/h, the average roughness of the cladding coating when no subsequent finish machining is Ra0.3, the hardness of the outer surface of the coupling is HRC48 after laser cladding reinforcement, and the hardness is improved by 33.3% compared with the hardness of a base material. FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the clad area and the unfused area when laser cladding a cylindrical sample with this parameter.
Example 3
The method comprises the steps of carrying out laser remanufacturing and strengthening on the outer surface of a coupler workpiece, wherein the material of a base material is 40Cr, the hardness is HRC32, the hardness of the outer surface of the workpiece is improved after laser cladding to enable the workpiece to achieve high wear resistance, firstly, carrying out degreasing, rust removal and other treatments on a part to be strengthened on the surface of the coupler by using laser with the power of 1000W, drying at the same time, carrying out 120 ℃ drying for 1h on raw material powder to be clad, and the mass percentage ranges of raw material components of a coating to be clad are as follows: c:0.4wt%, si:0.3wt%, 15wt% of Cr, 0.4wt% of Mn, 0.1wt% of Co, 0.5wt% of Ni, 5wt% of Mo and the balance of Fe; the laser cladding process adopts coaxial lateral powder feeding and argon gas powder blowing, the number of cladding layers is set to four, the cladding thickness of an inner layer is 0.2mm, the chromium content is 15wt%, each layer increases gradually according to 10%, the cladding thickness of a second layer is 0.5mm, the thickness of the cladding layer at the back is 0.8mm, the laser power in the laser cladding process is controlled to 2500W, the diameter of a circular light spot is 6mm, the lap joint rate is 70%, and the scanning speed is 20mm/s. The cladding process needs to be insulated, namely the temperature generated in the laser cladding process is not reduced, a contact thermometer can be used for measuring the temperature, the temperature range is kept at 85 ℃, insulation cotton and other measures can be adopted for insulation, the coating after cladding needs to be slowly cooled, the slow cooling speed range is 8 ℃/h, the average roughness of the cladding coating is Ra0.5 when no subsequent finish machining is carried out, the hardness of the outer surface of the coupling is HRC45 after laser cladding reinforcement, and the hardness is improved by 40.6% compared with the hardness of a base material.
Example 4
The method comprises the steps of carrying out laser remanufacturing and strengthening on the outer surface of a coupler workpiece, wherein the material of a base material is 40Cr, the hardness is HRC32, the hardness of the outer surface of the workpiece is improved after laser cladding to enable the workpiece to achieve high wear resistance, firstly, carrying out degreasing, rust removal and other treatments on a part to be strengthened on the surface of the coupler by using laser with the power of 1000W, drying at the same time, carrying out 120 ℃ drying for 1h on raw material powder to be clad, and the mass percentage ranges of raw material components of a coating to be clad are as follows: c:0.2wt%, si:0.3wt%, 25wt% Cr, 0.4wt% Mn, 0.1wt% Co, 0.2wt% Ni, 0.3wt% V, 5wt% Mo and the balance Fe; the laser cladding process adopts coaxial lateral powder feeding and argon gas powder blowing, the cladding layer number is set to be three layers, the cladding thickness of the inner layer is 0.5mm, the chromium content is 25wt%, each layer is increased by 10%, the cladding thickness of the middle layer is 0.6mm, the cladding thickness of the outer layer is 0.8mm, the laser power in the laser cladding process is controlled to 2500W, the diameter of a circular light spot is 6mm, the lap joint rate is 70%, and the scanning rate is 28mm/s. The cladding process needs to be insulated, namely the temperature generated in the laser cladding process is not reduced, a contact thermometer can be used for measuring the temperature, the temperature range is kept at 60 ℃, insulation cotton and other measures can be adopted for insulation, the coating after cladding needs to be slowly cooled, the slow cooling speed range is 5 ℃/h, the average roughness of the cladding coating when no subsequent finish machining is Ra0.4, the hardness of the outer surface of the coupling is HRC43 after laser cladding reinforcement, and the hardness is improved by 34.4% compared with the hardness of a base material. Fig. 2 is an example of the outer surface of the coupling after laser cladding remanufacturing strengthening (machined).
Claims (9)
1. The laser cladding remanufacturing strengthening method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the coupler is subjected to high-speed laser cladding, the cladding layer is designed to be multi-layer and multi-channel cladding, the chromium content concentration in the cladding layer is clad in an increasing sequence from inside to outside, the single-channel cladding thickness is also clad in an increasing sequence from inside to outside, the chromium concentration of each cladding layer is increased by 0% -15%,
the mass percentage range of each component element in the cladding layer is as follows: c:0.2-0.5wt%, si:0.3-0.5wt%, cr:10.5 to 35.6wt percent of Mn:0.4-0.5wt%, co:0.1-0.5wt%, ni:0.1-0.8wt%, V:0-0.3wt%, mo:0-12wt% and the balance of Fe.
2. The laser cladding remanufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the high speed laser cladding parameters comprise: the laser power is controlled at 1500W-3500W, the diameter of the circular light spot is 4mm-10mm, the range of multi-channel cladding overlap ratio is 40% -70%, the scanning speed is above 20mm/s, and the high-speed laser cladding is carried out on the surface of the coupler by adopting an argon powder blowing and coaxial lateral powder feeding mode.
3. The laser cladding remanufacturing strengthening method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the single cladding is 0.1mm-0.8mm, and the thickness of the first cladding layer is not greater than that of the other cladding layers.
4. The laser cladding remanufacturing strengthening method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the high speed laser cladding further comprises performing a heat preservation treatment during cladding at a temperature of 40 ℃ -90 ℃.
5. The laser cladding remanufacturing strengthening method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the high speed laser cladding further comprises slow cooling of the cladding coating at a slow cooling rate of 3 ℃/h to 8 ℃/h.
6. The method for strengthening surface of a coupling by laser cladding and remanufacturing according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface pretreatment comprises surface treatment with laser, and the laser power of the surface treatment is 1000W.
7. The laser cladding remanufacturing strengthening method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the coupler is 40Cr and the outer surface thereof is a cylinder or cone.
8. The method for reinforcing remanufacturing of laser cladding according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method further comprises drying the cladding powder before high-speed laser cladding, wherein the drying temperature is 120 ℃ and the drying time is 1h.
9. The laser cladding remanufacturing strengthening method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein after high-speed laser cladding, the cladding hardness ranges from HRC43 to 55.
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