CN117441532A - Method for controlling bakanae disease of rice by non-pesticide - Google Patents
Method for controlling bakanae disease of rice by non-pesticide Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P3/00—Fungicides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
- A01P7/04—Insecticides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling bakanae disease of rice by non-pesticides, which comprises the following steps: preparing a biological pesticide with good prevention and control effects on bakanae disease of rice; monitoring the disease condition of the rice field in real time; performing aseptic treatment on the seeds; water planting or aeroponic cultivation is adopted; using biological pesticide for prevention and control; in soilless culture systems, accurate nutrient management and irrigation control are adopted; the rice field is monitored and evaluated regularly, and the occurrence of diseases is checked. The rice seeds in the invention can eliminate pathogenic bacteria and ova on the surfaces of the seeds after aseptic treatment, the occurrence probability of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the quantity of the pathogenic bacteria and ova in soil can be reduced by soilless culture, so that the invasion degree of the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, natural enemies and predatory insects can be utilized to control the insect pests by matching with biological pesticides, the harm to crops is reduced, the use amount of chemical pesticides is reduced, and the negative influence on the environment is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rice control, in particular to a method for controlling bakanae disease of rice by non-pesticides.
Background
The rice is one of the globally important grain crops, the protection of the rice from the damage of plant diseases and insect pests is important to ensure high and stable yield, the prevention and treatment of the plant diseases and insect pests of the rice need to comprehensively take various prevention and control measures, including selecting disease and insect pest resistant varieties, reasonable field management, chemical pesticide prevention and treatment, biological prevention and treatment and the like, and according to specific areas and plant diseases and insect pests, targeted prevention and treatment measures are adopted, and safety operation and environmental protection requirements of pesticide use are met, and meanwhile, the environmental protection and the safety production are paid attention to in the pesticide use process, so that unnecessary side effects and risks are avoided;
the traditional method for preventing and controlling bakanae disease of rice by using pesticides has the following defects:
environmental pollution: traditional pesticides generally contain chemical components, and can pollute soil, air and water sources and negatively affect ecological environment in the use process;
ecological system destruction: the use of pesticides can disrupt the balance of the farmland ecosystem, and can kill insects beneficial to crops, thereby causing the breakage of the ecological chain;
pesticide residue: pesticide residues in crops, soil and water can potentially cause harm to human health, and in addition, pesticide residues can also cause a trade barrier for agricultural products;
drug resistance problem: the pesticide is easy to cause the disease and insect damage to generate drug resistance after a large amount of pesticides are used for a long time, the effectiveness of the pesticides is gradually reduced, and the diseases are difficult to effectively control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for controlling bakanae disease of rice by non-pesticides, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for controlling bakanae disease of rice by non-pesticides, comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparing biological pesticides: preparing a biological pesticide with good prevention and control effects on bakanae disease of rice;
step S2, disease monitoring: the disease condition of the rice field is monitored in real time by using an unmanned plane, a remote sensing technology or wearable equipment, and the high-resolution image and data are acquired by the technology, so that farmers can be helped to accurately identify the occurrence position and degree of the disease, and the precise control can be realized;
step S3, aseptic processing: sterilizing the seeds by lighting and high-temperature treatment to reduce the entry of pathogenic bacteria, and culturing the sterilized seedlings under aseptic conditions to ensure that the seedlings are in an aseptic state before field planting so as to prevent the spread and infection of pathogenic bacteria;
step S4, soilless culture: cultivation is carried out on the rice subjected to aseptic treatment in a controlled environment by adopting water culture or aerosol cultivation, and the soilless culture system can reduce the transmission path of pathogenic microorganisms in soil, provide accurate water and nutrient supply and reduce the occurrence of diseases;
step S5, biological pesticide application: according to the monitoring result and the disease trend, the biological pesticide is used for preventing and controlling, and the biological pesticide is correctly applied according to the description of the biological pesticide, so that the biological pesticide is ensured to cover the parts, such as leaves, stems, root systems and the like of plants, which are easy to be infected;
step S6, nutrition management and irrigation control: in a soilless culture system, accurate nutrition management and irrigation control are adopted, proper nutrient supply and water regulation are provided according to the growth stage of rice and the requirements of diseases so as to maintain healthy growth of the rice and enhance immunity, and the conditions of excessive fertilization and excessive wetting are avoided, so that the occurrence risk of diseases can be increased;
step S7, periodically monitoring and evaluating: the rice field is monitored and evaluated regularly, the occurrence condition of the diseases is checked, and the control strategy is regulated and improved according to the feedback condition, so that the spreading trend of the diseases and the proper occurrence condition of the potential diseases are closely noticed, and measures are taken in time to intervene, so that the loss is reduced to the greatest extent.
Further, in the step S1, the specific formulation and ratio of the biopesticide are as follows:
basic strain: bacillus subtilis;
fermentation substrate: high-quality plant protein powder accounting for 50 percent, soybean powder accounting for 30 percent and corn powder accounting for 20 percent;
fermentation auxiliary agent: glucose 1%, sucrose 1% and vitamin 0.1%.
Further, in the step S1, the specific steps for preparing the biopesticide are as follows:
preparation of the culture medium: uniformly mixing high-quality plant protein powder, soybean powder and corn powder according to a proportion, adding glucose, sucrose and vitamins, and stirring and mixing to form a culture medium;
inoculating a basic strain: pouring the culture medium into a fermentation container, filling 30% -40% of the volume of the container, and inoculating the basic strain into the culture medium according to the inoculation density;
the fermentation process comprises the following steps: sealing the fermentation container, setting temperature and humidity conditions to provide good strain growth environment, carrying out stirring or ventilation measures according to strain requirements, promoting oxygen supply and waste material discharge, and controlling the fermentation process by monitoring temperature, pH value and other key parameters in a certain fermentation time;
extraction and formulation: after fermentation, removing solid strains and impurities in the fermentation liquid, separating the fermentation liquid by filtration or centrifugation to obtain pure bacterial liquid, and concentrating, drying and freezing the bacterial liquid.
Further, in the step S2, the specific steps of disease monitoring are as follows:
observation and recording: periodically inspecting rice plants, particularly leaves, stems, root systems, spikes and other parts, observing whether abnormal symptoms, damage or lesions exist, taking care of observing the color, shape, texture and any change of the leaves, including yellowing, withering, spots or decay of the leaves, and recording information of the type, degree, distribution range, appearance time and the like of the diseases so as to carry out subsequent analysis and treatment;
disease diagnosis: the disease symptoms are primarily judged and classified, the disease types are determined as much as possible according to the shape, the color, the size and the distribution mode of the disease spots, the disease types are further confirmed by using an album for comparison and a detection agent for detection, and a disease spot sample is sent to a laboratory for pathogen separation and identification after the disease types are confirmed;
disease monitoring and recording: creating a disease monitoring record table, systematically recording and classifying observed disease information, recording the time, position, plant condition, disease type, disease degree and number of each observation, and carrying out statistical analysis according to the data of the disease monitoring record to know the development trend, the high-incidence period and the influence range of the disease so as to formulate a corresponding control strategy;
disease control: according to the data of the disease monitoring record and the disease diagnosis result, corresponding disease control measures are formulated, and proper control methods including physical control, biological control, chemical control or genetic control are selected according to different disease types, so that the damage to the environment and personnel is minimized while the effective control of the diseases is ensured by following the correct operation methods and the dosage of the control measures.
Further, in the step S3, the specific steps of the aseptic processing are as follows:
clean environment: ensuring the clean environment of the planting area without impurities, and minimizing the existence of microorganisms and pathogens;
and (3) air sterilization: air sterilizing the planting area by using an air sterilizer or ultraviolet lamp and other devices so as to reduce the number of microorganisms in the air;
cleaning appliance: thoroughly cleaning and sterilizing the used appliances, including planting trays, planting bags and scissors, to ensure aseptic conditions;
sterile medium: preparing a sterile culture medium and a culture medium filler, wherein the culture medium comprises humus soil and perlite;
seed disinfection: soaking the seeds in a sterilizing solution comprising bleach water or hydrogen peroxide solution, wherein the sterilizing time and concentration are adjusted according to the type and advice of the seeds;
cleaning seeds: the seeds were rinsed with flowing sterile water to remove residual disinfectant.
Further, in the step S4, the specific step of soilless culture is as follows:
seed treatment: healthy rice seeds are selected and subjected to surface disinfection treatment, 5% hydrogen peroxide or 0.1% bleaching powder solution can be used for soaking disinfection, and the disinfected seeds are repeatedly rinsed in clean water and drained to remove residual disinfectants;
seedling raising: preparing a seedling raising tray or a seedling raising box, filling proper seedling raising media comprising vermiculite, peat soil or humus matrix, uniformly broadcasting treated seeds on the seedling raising media, maintaining proper humidity and temperature, usually at 25-30 ℃, and regularly spraying water to keep the seedling raising media moist so as to prevent dehydration in the germination process of the seeds;
preparing field planting: preparing an aerosol cultivation device for field planting by using Hoagland nutrient solution with balanced hydrogen ion concentration in a soilless culture container, and adjusting the EC value of the nutrient solution to ensure that rice seedlings can obtain proper nutrition supply after field planting;
planting: transplanting rice seedlings with good seedling raising into a soilless culture container, ensuring complete root systems without damage, reserving enough space in the container according to the type of the soilless culture container during field planting, enabling rice plants to root and grow, properly spraying water to the plants after field planting to maintain humidity of the plants, and providing proper illumination, temperature and humidity environments;
curing and managing: grasping proper irrigation and nutrient supply strategies, providing corresponding nutrient solutions according to the growth stage of the rice, timely adjusting nutrient concentration and watering quantity, periodically checking the growth condition of rice plants, removing any plants with abnormal growth or affected by diseases and insect pests, and ensuring proper temperature, illumination and humidity conditions so as to promote the normal growth and development of the rice;
pest control: periodically inspecting rice plants, observing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, and controlling rice plant diseases and insect pests by using a biological control method comprising beneficial insects and beneficial microorganisms and simultaneously using plant extracts.
Further, in the step S5, the specific method for applying the biopesticide includes:
depending on the growth of the target plant and the severity of the pest, a suitable method of application is selected:
spraying method: uniformly spraying the liquid medicine on the leaf surfaces of target plants to ensure that the liquid medicine covers the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves of the whole plants;
irrigation: mixing the liquid medicine into irrigation water, and delivering the liquid medicine to the root system area of the target plant through an irrigation system;
powder method: the agent is uniformly spread on the leaves of the target plant, and the powder is attached to the surface of the plant by using a powder sprayer.
Further, the biopesticide needs to be applied at the early stage of occurrence of the insect pest or prophylactically to prevent the occurrence of the insect pest, and simultaneously, the application under the weather conditions of high temperature, strong light or large wind force is avoided, so that the effect of the biopesticide is not reduced or adverse effects are caused.
Furthermore, after the biological pesticide is used, the pesticide application equipment and the container need to be cleaned in time, so that cross contamination caused by residues is avoided, and the residual pesticide is strictly forbidden to be discharged to a water source or a sewage system.
Furthermore, when the biopesticide is manually applied, proper personal protective equipment, including gloves, caps, masks and protective clothing, is needed to protect skin, eyes and respiratory tract, prevent wind direction during application, prevent the sprayed liquid medicine from being blown away to non-target areas by wind, and avoid the application of the biopesticide in sensitive areas of lawn, stream and other environments, so as to reduce the influence on non-target organisms.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the rice seeds in the invention can eliminate pathogenic bacteria and ova on the surfaces of the seeds after aseptic treatment, so that the occurrence probability of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the quantity of the pathogenic bacteria and ova in the soil can be reduced by soilless culture, thereby reducing the invasion degree of the plant diseases and insect pests, controlling the insect pests by utilizing natural enemies and predatory insects by matching with biological pesticides, reducing the harm to crops, reducing the use amount of chemical pesticides and reducing the negative influence on the environment;
2. the rice seeds in the invention can ensure the health of the seeds and improve the germination rate and the growth condition of seedlings through aseptic treatment, thereby promoting the growth and development of plants and improving the yield, the soilless culture provides more stable and controllable environmental conditions, is beneficial to optimizing the growth of crops and the absorption of nutrients, improves the quality and the yield of the crops, can reduce the pollution to the crops due to the use of biopesticides, and keeps the quality and the food safety of agricultural products;
3. the rice seeds in the invention can reduce the transmission of pathogenic bacteria, reduce the pollution risk to underground water and soil through aseptic treatment, reduce the consumption of land and water resources through soilless culture, help to save resources and protect ecological environment, have better selectivity to non-target organisms compared with chemical pesticides, can reduce the risk of pesticide residues in soil and water, and are favorable for the balance of an ecological system and the protection of biodiversity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for controlling bakanae disease of rice by non-pesticides.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:
a method for controlling bakanae disease of rice by non-pesticides, comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparing biological pesticides: preparing a biological pesticide with good prevention and control effects on bakanae disease of rice;
in this example, the specific formulation and ratios of biopesticides are as follows:
basic strain: bacillus subtilis;
fermentation substrate: high-quality plant protein powder accounting for 50 percent, soybean powder accounting for 30 percent and corn powder accounting for 20 percent;
fermentation auxiliary agent: glucose 1%, sucrose 1% and vitamin 0.1%.
The specific steps of the preparation of the biological pesticide are as follows:
preparation of the culture medium: uniformly mixing high-quality plant protein powder, soybean powder and corn powder according to a proportion, adding glucose, sucrose and vitamins, and stirring and mixing to form a culture medium;
inoculating a basic strain: pouring the culture medium into a fermentation container, filling 30% -40% of the volume of the container, and inoculating the basic strain into the culture medium according to the inoculation density;
the fermentation process comprises the following steps: sealing the fermentation container, setting temperature and humidity conditions to provide good strain growth environment, carrying out stirring or ventilation measures according to strain requirements, promoting oxygen supply and waste material discharge, and controlling the fermentation process by monitoring temperature, pH value and other key parameters in a certain fermentation time;
extraction and formulation: after fermentation, removing solid strains and impurities in the fermentation liquid, separating the fermentation liquid by filtration or centrifugation to obtain pure bacterial liquid, and concentrating, drying and freezing the bacterial liquid.
Step S2, disease monitoring: the disease condition of the rice field is monitored in real time by using an unmanned plane, a remote sensing technology or wearable equipment, and the high-resolution image and data are acquired by the technology, so that farmers can be helped to accurately identify the occurrence position and degree of the disease, and the precise control can be realized;
in this embodiment, the specific steps of disease monitoring are as follows:
observation and recording: periodically inspecting rice plants, particularly leaves, stems, root systems, spikes and other parts, observing whether abnormal symptoms, damage or lesions exist, taking care of observing the color, shape, texture and any change of the leaves, including yellowing, withering, spots or decay of the leaves, and recording information of the type, degree, distribution range, appearance time and the like of the diseases so as to carry out subsequent analysis and treatment;
disease diagnosis: the disease symptoms are primarily judged and classified, the disease types are determined as much as possible according to the shape, the color, the size and the distribution mode of the disease spots, the disease types are further confirmed by using an album for comparison and a detection agent for detection, and a disease spot sample is sent to a laboratory for pathogen separation and identification after the disease types are confirmed;
disease monitoring and recording: creating a disease monitoring record table, systematically recording and classifying observed disease information, recording the time, position, plant condition, disease type, disease degree and number of each observation, and carrying out statistical analysis according to the data of the disease monitoring record to know the development trend, the high-incidence period and the influence range of the disease so as to formulate a corresponding control strategy;
disease control: according to the data of the disease monitoring record and the disease diagnosis result, corresponding disease control measures are formulated, and proper control methods including physical control, biological control, chemical control or genetic control are selected according to different disease types, so that the damage to the environment and personnel is minimized while the effective control of the diseases is ensured by following the correct operation methods and the dosage of the control measures.
Step S3, aseptic processing: sterilizing the seeds by lighting and high-temperature treatment to reduce the entry of pathogenic bacteria, and culturing the sterilized seedlings under aseptic conditions to ensure that the seedlings are in an aseptic state before field planting so as to prevent the spread and infection of pathogenic bacteria;
in this embodiment, the specific steps of the aseptic processing are as follows:
clean environment: ensuring the clean environment of the planting area without impurities, and minimizing the existence of microorganisms and pathogens;
and (3) air sterilization: air sterilizing the planting area by using an air sterilizer or ultraviolet lamp and other devices so as to reduce the number of microorganisms in the air;
cleaning appliance: thoroughly cleaning and sterilizing the used appliances, including planting trays, planting bags and scissors, to ensure aseptic conditions;
sterile medium: preparing a sterile culture medium and a culture medium filler, wherein the culture medium comprises humus soil and perlite;
seed disinfection: soaking the seeds in a sterilizing solution comprising bleach water or hydrogen peroxide solution, wherein the sterilizing time and concentration are adjusted according to the type and advice of the seeds;
cleaning seeds: the seeds were rinsed with flowing sterile water to remove residual disinfectant.
Step S4, soilless culture: cultivation is carried out on the rice subjected to aseptic treatment in a controlled environment by adopting water culture or aerosol cultivation, and the soilless culture system can reduce the transmission path of pathogenic microorganisms in soil, provide accurate water and nutrient supply and reduce the occurrence of diseases;
in this embodiment, the specific steps of soilless culture are as follows:
seed treatment: healthy rice seeds are selected and subjected to surface disinfection treatment, 5% hydrogen peroxide or 0.1% bleaching powder solution can be used for soaking disinfection, and the disinfected seeds are repeatedly rinsed in clean water and drained to remove residual disinfectants;
seedling raising: preparing a seedling raising tray or a seedling raising box, filling proper seedling raising media comprising vermiculite, peat soil or humus matrix, uniformly broadcasting treated seeds on the seedling raising media, maintaining proper humidity and temperature, usually at 25-30 ℃, and regularly spraying water to keep the seedling raising media moist so as to prevent dehydration in the germination process of the seeds;
preparing field planting: preparing an aerosol cultivation device for field planting by using Hoagland nutrient solution with balanced hydrogen ion concentration in a soilless culture container, and adjusting the EC value of the nutrient solution to ensure that rice seedlings can obtain proper nutrition supply after field planting;
planting: transplanting rice seedlings with good seedling raising into a soilless culture container, ensuring complete root systems without damage, reserving enough space in the container according to the type of the soilless culture container during field planting, enabling rice plants to root and grow, properly spraying water to the plants after field planting to maintain humidity of the plants, and providing proper illumination, temperature and humidity environments;
curing and managing: grasping proper irrigation and nutrient supply strategies, providing corresponding nutrient solutions according to the growth stage of the rice, timely adjusting nutrient concentration and watering quantity, periodically checking the growth condition of rice plants, removing any plants with abnormal growth or affected by diseases and insect pests, and ensuring proper temperature, illumination and humidity conditions so as to promote the normal growth and development of the rice;
pest control: periodically inspecting rice plants, observing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, and controlling rice plant diseases and insect pests by using a biological control method comprising beneficial insects and beneficial microorganisms and simultaneously using plant extracts.
Step S5, biological pesticide application: according to the monitoring result and the disease trend, the biological pesticide is used for preventing and controlling, and the biological pesticide is correctly applied according to the description of the biological pesticide, so that the biological pesticide is ensured to cover the parts, such as leaves, stems, root systems and the like of plants, which are easy to be infected;
in this example, the specific method of biopesticide application:
depending on the growth of the target plant and the severity of the pest, a suitable method of application is selected:
spraying method: uniformly spraying the liquid medicine on the leaf surfaces of target plants to ensure that the liquid medicine covers the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves of the whole plants;
irrigation: mixing the liquid medicine into irrigation water, and delivering the liquid medicine to the root system area of the target plant through an irrigation system;
powder method: the agent is uniformly spread on the leaves of the target plant, and the powder is attached to the surface of the plant by using a powder sprayer.
In the invention, the biological pesticide needs to be applied in the early stage of occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests or in a preventive manner so as to prevent the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests, and simultaneously, the biological pesticide is prevented from being applied under the weather conditions of high temperature, strong light or large wind force, so that the effect of the biological pesticide is not reduced or adverse effects are not caused;
in the invention, after the biological pesticide is used, the pesticide application equipment and the container need to be cleaned in time, so that cross contamination caused by residues is avoided, and the residual pesticide is strictly forbidden to be discharged to a water source or a sewage system;
in the invention, when the biopesticide is manually applied, proper personal protective equipment, including gloves, caps, masks and protective clothing, is needed to protect skin, eyes and respiratory tract, prevent wind direction during application, prevent sprayed liquid medicine from being blown away to non-target areas by wind, and avoid the application of biopesticide in sensitive areas of lawn, stream and other environments, so as to reduce the influence on non-target organisms.
Step S6, nutrition management and irrigation control: in a soilless culture system, accurate nutrition management and irrigation control are adopted, proper nutrient supply and water regulation are provided according to the growth stage of rice and the requirements of diseases so as to maintain healthy growth of the rice and enhance immunity, and the conditions of excessive fertilization and excessive wetting are avoided, so that the occurrence risk of diseases can be increased;
step S7, periodically monitoring and evaluating: the rice field is monitored and evaluated regularly, the occurrence condition of the diseases is checked, and the control strategy is regulated and improved according to the feedback condition, so that the spreading trend of the diseases and the proper occurrence condition of the potential diseases are closely noticed, and measures are taken in time to intervene, so that the loss is reduced to the greatest extent.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method for controlling bakanae disease of rice by non-pesticides, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preparing biological pesticides: preparing a biological pesticide with good prevention and control effects on bakanae disease of rice;
step S2, disease monitoring: the disease condition of the rice field is monitored in real time by using an unmanned plane, a remote sensing technology or wearable equipment, and the high-resolution image and data are acquired by the technology, so that farmers can be helped to accurately identify the occurrence position and degree of the disease, and the precise control can be realized;
step S3, aseptic processing: sterilizing the seeds by lighting and high-temperature treatment to reduce the entry of pathogenic bacteria, and culturing the sterilized seedlings under aseptic conditions to ensure that the seedlings are in an aseptic state before field planting so as to prevent the spread and infection of pathogenic bacteria;
step S4, soilless culture: cultivation is carried out on the rice subjected to aseptic treatment in a controlled environment by adopting water culture or aerosol cultivation, and the soilless culture system can reduce the transmission path of pathogenic microorganisms in soil, provide accurate water and nutrient supply and reduce the occurrence of diseases;
step S5, biological pesticide application: according to the monitoring result and the disease trend, the biological pesticide is used for preventing and controlling, and the biological pesticide is correctly applied according to the description of the biological pesticide, so that the biological pesticide is ensured to cover the parts, such as leaves, stems, root systems and the like of plants, which are easy to be infected;
step S6, nutrition management and irrigation control: in a soilless culture system, accurate nutrition management and irrigation control are adopted, proper nutrient supply and water regulation are provided according to the growth stage of rice and the requirements of diseases so as to maintain healthy growth of the rice and enhance immunity, and the conditions of excessive fertilization and excessive wetting are avoided, so that the occurrence risk of diseases can be increased;
step S7, periodically monitoring and evaluating: the rice field is monitored and evaluated regularly, the occurrence condition of the diseases is checked, and the control strategy is regulated and improved according to the feedback condition, so that the spreading trend of the diseases and the proper occurrence condition of the potential diseases are closely noticed, and measures are taken in time to intervene, so that the loss is reduced to the greatest extent.
2. A method for controlling bakanae disease of rice with non-pesticide according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the specific formula and ratio of the biological pesticide are as follows:
basic strain: bacillus subtilis;
fermentation substrate: high-quality plant protein powder accounting for 50 percent, soybean powder accounting for 30 percent and corn powder accounting for 20 percent;
fermentation auxiliary agent: glucose 1%, sucrose 1% and vitamin 0.1%.
3. A method for controlling bakanae disease of rice with non-pesticide according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the specific steps for preparing the biopesticide are as follows:
preparation of the culture medium: uniformly mixing high-quality plant protein powder, soybean powder and corn powder according to a proportion, adding glucose, sucrose and vitamins, and stirring and mixing to form a culture medium;
inoculating a basic strain: pouring the culture medium into a fermentation container, filling 30% -40% of the volume of the container, and inoculating the basic strain into the culture medium according to the inoculation density;
the fermentation process comprises the following steps: sealing the fermentation container, setting temperature and humidity conditions to provide good strain growth environment, carrying out stirring or ventilation measures according to strain requirements, promoting oxygen supply and waste material discharge, and controlling the fermentation process by monitoring temperature, pH value and other key parameters in a certain fermentation time;
extraction and formulation: after fermentation, removing solid strains and impurities in the fermentation liquid, separating the fermentation liquid by filtration or centrifugation to obtain pure bacterial liquid, and concentrating, drying and freezing the bacterial liquid.
4. A method for controlling bakanae disease of rice with non-pesticide according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the specific steps of disease monitoring are as follows:
observation and recording: periodically inspecting rice plants, particularly leaves, stems, root systems, spikes and other parts, observing whether abnormal symptoms, damage or lesions exist, taking care of observing the color, shape, texture and any change of the leaves, including yellowing, withering, spots or decay of the leaves, and recording information of the type, degree, distribution range, appearance time and the like of the diseases so as to carry out subsequent analysis and treatment;
disease diagnosis: the disease symptoms are primarily judged and classified, the disease types are determined as much as possible according to the shape, the color, the size and the distribution mode of the disease spots, the disease types are further confirmed by using an album for comparison and a detection agent for detection, and a disease spot sample is sent to a laboratory for pathogen separation and identification after the disease types are confirmed;
disease monitoring and recording: creating a disease monitoring record table, systematically recording and classifying observed disease information, recording the time, position, plant condition, disease type, disease degree and number of each observation, and carrying out statistical analysis according to the data of the disease monitoring record to know the development trend, the high-incidence period and the influence range of the disease so as to formulate a corresponding control strategy;
disease control: according to the data of the disease monitoring record and the disease diagnosis result, corresponding disease control measures are formulated, and proper control methods including physical control, biological control, chemical control or genetic control are selected according to different disease types, so that the damage to the environment and personnel is minimized while the effective control of the diseases is ensured by following the correct operation methods and the dosage of the control measures.
5. A method for controlling bakanae disease of rice with non-pesticide according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the specific steps of the aseptic processing are as follows:
clean environment: ensuring the environment of the planting area to be clean and free from impurities, and minimizing the existence of microorganisms and pathogens;
and (3) air sterilization: air sterilizing the planting area by using an air sterilizer or ultraviolet lamp and other devices so as to reduce the number of microorganisms in the air;
cleaning appliance: thoroughly cleaning and sterilizing the used appliances, including planting trays, planting bags and scissors, to ensure aseptic conditions;
sterile medium: preparing a sterile culture medium and a culture medium filler, wherein the culture medium comprises humus soil and perlite;
seed disinfection: soaking the seeds in a sterilizing solution comprising bleach water or hydrogen peroxide solution, wherein the sterilizing time and concentration are adjusted according to the type and advice of the seeds;
cleaning seeds: the seeds were rinsed with flowing sterile water to remove residual disinfectant.
6. A method for controlling bakanae disease of rice with non-pesticide according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the specific steps of soilless culture are as follows:
seed treatment: healthy rice seeds are selected and subjected to surface disinfection treatment, 5% hydrogen peroxide or 0.1% bleaching powder solution can be used for soaking disinfection, and the disinfected seeds are repeatedly rinsed in clean water and drained to remove residual disinfectants;
seedling raising: preparing a seedling raising tray or a seedling raising box, filling proper seedling raising media comprising vermiculite, peat soil or humus matrix, uniformly broadcasting treated seeds on the seedling raising media, maintaining proper humidity and temperature, usually at 25-30 ℃, and regularly spraying water to keep the seedling raising media moist so as to prevent dehydration in the germination process of the seeds;
preparing field planting: preparing an aerosol cultivation device for field planting by using Hoagland nutrient solution with balanced hydrogen ion concentration in a soilless culture container, and adjusting the EC value of the nutrient solution to ensure that rice seedlings can obtain proper nutrition supply after field planting;
planting: transplanting rice seedlings with good seedling raising into a soilless culture container, ensuring complete root systems without damage, reserving enough space in the container according to the type of the soilless culture container during field planting, enabling rice plants to root and grow, properly spraying water to the plants after field planting to maintain humidity of the plants, and providing proper illumination, temperature and humidity environments;
curing and managing: grasping proper irrigation and nutrient supply strategies, providing corresponding nutrient solutions according to the growth stage of the rice, timely adjusting nutrient concentration and watering quantity, periodically checking the growth condition of rice plants, removing any plants with abnormal growth or affected by diseases and insect pests, and ensuring proper temperature, illumination and humidity conditions so as to promote the normal growth and development of the rice;
pest control: periodically inspecting rice plants, observing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, and controlling rice plant diseases and insect pests by using a biological control method comprising beneficial insects and beneficial microorganisms and simultaneously using plant extracts.
7. A method for controlling bakanae disease of rice with non-pesticide according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, the specific method for applying the biopesticide comprises the following steps:
depending on the growth of the target plant and the severity of the pest, a suitable method of application is selected:
spraying method: uniformly spraying the liquid medicine on the leaf surfaces of target plants to ensure that the liquid medicine covers the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves of the whole plants;
irrigation: mixing the liquid medicine into irrigation water, and delivering the liquid medicine to the root system area of the target plant through an irrigation system;
powder method: the agent is uniformly spread on the leaves of the target plant, and the powder is attached to the surface of the plant by using a powder sprayer.
8. A method for controlling bakanae disease in rice as defined in claim 7, wherein: the biopesticide needs to be applied at the early stage of occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests or in a preventive manner to prevent occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, and simultaneously, application under high-temperature, strong light or weather conditions with large wind force is avoided, so that the effect of the biopesticide is not reduced or adverse effects are caused.
9. A method for controlling bakanae disease in rice as defined in claim 7, wherein: after the biological pesticide is used, the pesticide application equipment and the container need to be cleaned in time, so that cross contamination caused by residues is avoided, and the residual pesticide is strictly forbidden to be discharged to a water source or a sewage system.
10. A method for controlling bakanae disease in rice as defined in claim 7, wherein: when the biopesticide is manually applied, proper personal protective equipment, including gloves, caps, masks and protective clothing, is needed to protect skin, eyes and respiratory tract, and prevents wind direction during application, so as to prevent spraying liquid medicine from being blown away to non-target areas by wind, and the biopesticide is not needed to be applied to environment sensitive areas such as lawns, streams and the like, so that the influence on non-target organisms is reduced.
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| CN117854012B (en) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-05-14 | 成都智慧城市信息技术有限公司 | Crop environment monitoring method and system based on big data |
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