CN117433500A - Polarization mode multiplexing double-optical-path fiber gyroscope based on photon chip - Google Patents
Polarization mode multiplexing double-optical-path fiber gyroscope based on photon chip Download PDFInfo
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- CN117433500A CN117433500A CN202311770361.XA CN202311770361A CN117433500A CN 117433500 A CN117433500 A CN 117433500A CN 202311770361 A CN202311770361 A CN 202311770361A CN 117433500 A CN117433500 A CN 117433500A
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a polarization mode multiplexing double-optical-path fiber gyroscope based on a photonic chip, which comprises a photonic integrated chip, a light source, a detector, an optical fiber ring, a modulator and a signal processing circuit, wherein the photonic integrated chip comprises a substrate, a polarization selection grating, two beam splitters and 4 end face couplers are integrated on the substrate, the light source and the detector are respectively connected with one beam splitter through the end face couplers, tail fibers at two ends of the optical fiber ring are respectively connected with the other beam splitter through the end face couplers, and the polarization selection grating is connected with the two beam splitters; the polarization-selective grating transmits, reflects, or reflects TM polarized light, and transmits TE polarized light. The invention realizes double optical path of multiplexing of the polarization mode of the fiber-optic gyroscope by utilizing the photonic integrated chip design containing the polarization selection grating, enhances the Sagnac rotation effect of the gyroscope on the premise of not increasing the length of the fiber-optic ring, and realizes small volume, low cost and high precision of the gyroscope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of integrated optics and fiber optic gyroscopes, in particular to a polarization mode multiplexing double-optical-path fiber optic gyroscope based on a photonic chip.
Background
Gyroscopes are sensitive devices used to measure the angular velocity of a carrier rotation, and when mounted in three axes in quadrature can be used to establish a spatial coordinate system of motion, which is the basis for motion measurement and control. The gyroscopes can be classified into mechanical gyroscopes, laser gyroscopes, fiber optic gyroscopes, micromechanical gyroscopes, etc., according to their principle of operation. The fiber-optic gyroscope is based on the Sagnac interference principle, utilizes the interference of forward and reverse two beams of light in the optical fiber closed loop to measure the rotation angular velocity, and has the characteristics of high precision, high reliability and high bandwidth.
The traditional fiber-optic gyroscope uses a manufacturing mode that separate devices such as a polarizer and a coupler are welded one by one and relies on manual assembly, so that the manufactured gyroscope has large volume, high cost, poor consistency and low manufacturing efficiency. The core device used by the fiber-optic gyroscope is integrated on the same photon chip by utilizing an integrated optical process, the size of the device is greatly reduced, and the low cost and consistency of the device can be realized by a large-scale wafer-flowing process. Therefore, the photon integration of the fiber-optic gyroscope is an important direction of the development of the fiber-optic gyroscope.
Sagnac phase of fiber optic gyroscopeϕ s Can be represented by formula (1):
（1）
wherein,Lfor the length of the optical fiber,Dis the diameter of the optical fiber ring,λfor the operating wavelength to be a function of,cfor the speed of light in vacuum,Ωis the rotational angular velocity. According to the interference principle shown in the formula (1), when the gyro size (fiber loop diameter) and the operating wavelength are determined, the sensitivity of the gyro to the rotation speed, that is, the accuracy is higher as the fiber length is longer. But the longer the fiber, the larger the gyro volume and the higher the cost. Aiming at the problem, the learner proposes to make the light pass through the optical fiber ring for 2 times by the optical path design means on the premise of not increasing the length of the optical fiber, thereby doubling the optical path and achieving the aim of improving the gyro precision. The proposal at present is to use multi-core optical fibers or add a plurality of discrete beam splitters, but the device cost required to be added in the proposal at present is high, the volume is large, and the development requirements of miniaturization and low cost of the gyroscope are difficult to be satisfied.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the invention is to provide a polarization mode multiplexing photon chip so as to realize the double-optical-path fiber gyroscope, so that light passes through an optical fiber ring for 2 times, the optical path is doubled, and the gyroscope precision is improved in a low-cost and miniaturized manner.
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the invention provides a polarization mode multiplexing double-optical-path optical fiber gyro based on a photonic chip, which comprises a photonic integrated chip, a light source, a detector, an optical fiber ring, a modulator and a signal processing circuit, wherein the photonic integrated chip comprises a substrate, a polarization selection grating, two beam splitters and 4 end face couplers are integrated on the substrate, the light source and the detector are respectively connected with one beam splitter through the end face couplers, tail fibers at two ends of the optical fiber ring are respectively connected with the other beam splitter through the end face couplers, and the polarization selection grating is connected with the two beam splitters; the polarization-selective grating transmits, reflects, or reflects TM polarized light, and transmits TE polarized light.
Further, with respect to the coupling polarization axis direction of the photonic integrated chip, the polarization angle of the tail fiber at one end of the optical fiber ring is 0 degrees, and the polarization angle of the tail fiber at the other end is 90 degrees.
Further, the polarization-selective grating adopts a grating structure composed of waveguides with periodic refractive index alternation, and the grating periodLThe following bragg grating equation is satisfied:
wherein,λas the wavelength of the center of operation,L 1 for the length of the area of small width in the grating period,/for effective refractive index of TE/TM mode in waveguide of small width/Is the effective refractive index of the TE/TM mode in the waveguide with large width in the period.
Further, polarization selectionThe waveguide of the selected grating is integrated on the substrate of the photon integrated chip, and Si and SiO are adopted as the material of the substrate 2 、Si 3 N 4 One or more of LNOI.
Further, the beam splitter employs a Y-waveguide, a directional coupler, or a multimode interferometer.
Further, the end face coupler is of a reverse tapered structure.
Further, the light source uses a high-polarization light source or a low-polarization light source, and if the polarization selection grating is designed to transmit TM polarized light, the light source enters the photonic integrated chip in the TM polarized state; if the polarization-selective grating is designed to transmit TE polarized light, the light source enters the photonic integrated chip in the TE polarization state.
Further, the light source is attached to the side of the photonic integrated chip in an end face coupling mode; or the high-polarization light source is firstly coupled to the polarization-maintaining optical fiber in a counter shaft mode, and then the end face of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber in the counter shaft mode is coupled to the photon integrated chip; or coupling the low-polarization light source to a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, introducing an optical fiber polarizer into the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, and coupling the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to the shaft end face to the photon integrated chip.
Further, the detector is attached to the side of the photon integrated chip to complete photoelectric conversion, and is connected with the signal processing circuit to complete resolution of the gyro signal; or the signal light is coupled to the receiving optical fiber, and then the signal light is led to the detector through the receiving optical fiber.
Further, the method is applied to a plurality of wavelength systems of 830nm, 850nm, 1310nm and 1550 nm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the invention, the polarization selection grating, the beam splitter A, the beam splitter B and the 4 end face couplers are integrated on the photon integrated chip, so that the traditional manufacturing mode of separately manufacturing optical devices of the fiber-optic gyroscope, continuous welding and manual coiling is replaced, the large-scale production level of the gyroscope is improved, the volume of the gyroscope is reduced, the cost of the gyroscope is reduced, and the production consistency of the gyroscope is improved.
2. The invention uses the coupling mode of polarization selection grating structure and polarization mode conversion to make light propagate 2 times in the optical fiber ring, thereby realizing doubling of optical path, low cost and small volume and improving gyro precision.
3. The invention realizes low-loss coupling of the light source, the optical fiber and the photon integrated chip, has compact structure and high stability, and is beneficial to large-scale batch production of gyroscopes.
4. The invention is suitable for various substrates such as silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, thin film lithium niobate and the like, and is suitable for a multi-working-wavelength system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a photonic chip-based polarization mode multiplexing double optical path fiber gyroscope according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a polarization-selective grating according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a simulated view of a polarization-selective grating according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a simulation of an MMI beam splitter design in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a simulation example of the design of the end-face coupler according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
The optical fiber grating structure comprises a photon integrated chip 1, a polarization selection grating 2, a light source 3, an end face coupler 4, a beam splitter 5, an optical fiber ring 6, a detector 7, a modulator 8, a signal processing circuit 9, a mode conversion waveguide 11 and a grating structure 12.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other, and the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
In the embodiment of the present invention, if there is a directional indication (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) only for explaining the relative positional relationship, movement condition, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), if the specific posture is changed, the directional indication is correspondingly changed.
In addition, the description of "first," "second," etc. in this disclosure is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implying an indication of the number of features being indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
Referring to fig. 1, a photonic chip-based optical fiber gyro with double optical path multiplexing in polarization mode according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a photonic integrated chip, a light source, a detector, an optical fiber ring, a modulator, and a signal processing circuit. The photon integrated chip comprises a substrate, and a polarization selection grating, two beam splitters and 4 end face couplers are integrated on the substrate.
4 end face couplers, one of which is coupled with the light source, and the mode field design of the end face couplers is matched with the mode field of the light source; one is coupled with the detector, and the mode field is matched with the photosensitive surface of the detector; the other two are coupled with polarization-maintaining tail fibers of the optical fiber ring, and the mode field design is matched with the mode field of the optical fiber. The end face coupler has the functions of improving the coupling efficiency of the light source/optical fiber and the photon integrated chip and reducing the loss of an optical path.
The splitting ratio of the 2 beam splitters is 1:1, and the beam splitters are used for splitting 1 beam of incident light into 2 beams of emergent light with equal amplitude. And a polarization selection grating is adopted between the two beam splitters, polarization beam splitting is realized through the design of a grating duty ratio and a grating period, TM polarized light passes through, TE polarized light is reflected, or TE polarized light passes through, and TM polarized light is reflected.
The main axes of two tail fibers of the optical fiber ring are respectively parallel and perpendicular to the coupling polarization axis of the photon integrated chip, so that TM light passing through the optical fiber ring for the first time is converted into TE light, the TE light returns to the polarization selection grating to be reflected back to the optical fiber ring, and after the TE light is secondarily transmitted through the optical fiber ring, the TE light is converted into TM light, enters the detector through the polarization selection grating, and signal demodulation is completed. The interference light passes through the optical fiber ring twice in the mode of TM light and TE light respectively, so that doubling of the interference optical path is realized.
Examples: for convenience in describing embodiments of the present invention, a polarization-selective grating is employed through which TM polarized light passes, and which TE polarized light reflects.
In the embodiment of the invention, the light source is high-bias TM output, the end face coupling is attached to the side end of the photon integrated chip, and the position of the light source is finely adjusted, so that the emergent position of the light source is aligned with the receiving end of the end face coupler, and the maximum light of the incident photon chip is ensured. The TM polarized light is transmitted in the photonic integrated chip and enters the polarization-selective grating through a beam splitter. The TM light passes through the polarization selection grating and is split into two light beams with equal amplitude by the other beam splitter, one light beam enters the optical fiber ring clockwise through the end face coupler, and the other light beam enters the optical fiber ring anticlockwise through the end face coupler. Wherein the polarization angle of one end tail fiber is 0 DEG, and the polarization angle of the other end tail fiber is 90 deg.
With this orthogonal polarization mode coupling, light passing through the fiber loop is converted to orthogonal polarization and TM polarized light passing through the fiber loop is converted to TE polarized light. The forward and reverse light beams are all emitted into a polarization selection grating in TE polarization state through beam splitters, reflected by the grating and returned to the beam splitters again, and are divided into two light beams transmitted in forward and reverse directions again after passing through fiber rings, the TE polarized light is converted into TM polarized light, the TM polarized light is transmitted through the polarization selection grating in TM polarization state carrying phase information (comprising modulation phase generated by a modulator for increasing sensitivity and Sagnac phase which is linearly related to rotation speed and is to be demodulated) through beam splitters through beam splitter interference, and half of the TE polarized light enters a detector to complete photoelectric conversion. The detector is connected with the signal processing circuit to complete the calculation of the rotating speed signal.
Each time clockwise light passes through the optical fiber ring, the additional phase is 1/2%+/>) For each time the counter-clockwise light passes the optical fiber loop, the additional phase is-1/2 (/ -)>+/>) Wherein->For modulating the phase. After splitting before twice ring entry, the incident light is split into equal amplitudes4 beams of light, 2 times clockwise through the fiber optic ringI cwcw Carry the phase (+)>+/>) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Light passing through the fiber optic ring 2 times counterclockwiseI ccwccw Carry the phase (+)> ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The first clockwise, second counterclockwise pass of light,I cwccw the additional phase offset is 0, the first counter-clockwise, the second clockwise pass,I ccwcw the additional phase cancellation is 0. When the beam splitter is ideal 1:1 beam splitting, and loss is not considered, the light intensity after forward and backward light interferenceICan be expressed as:
（2）
wherein,I 0 as can be seen from the formula (2), the input optical power and the modulation depth are stably controlled by the control circuit, and the rotation Sagnac phase can be calculated by measuring the intensity after interferenceϕ s And has a doubled signal to noise ratio due to the doubled optical path.
As shown in FIG. 2, the polarization-selection grating of the present invention has a waveguide structure integrated on a substrate, and the substrate material may be silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or thin film lithium niobate (Si, siO) 2 ，Si 3 N 4 LNOI), and so forth. The polarization-selective grating is composed of a mode-converting waveguide and a periodic grating structure.
The mode conversion waveguide is used for realizing the matching between the straight waveguide modes at two sides of the grating structure and the Bloch mode in the grating structure, and reducing the insertion loss.
GratingThe structure consists of waveguides with periodic alternating refractive index, and the grating periodLThe design satisfies the following Bragg grating equation:
（3）
wherein,λas the wavelength of the center of operation,L 1 for the length of the area of small width in the grating period,/for effective refractive index of TE/TM mode in waveguide of small width/Is the effective refractive index of the TE/TM mode in the waveguide with large width in the period. The simulation of polarized light in a polarization-selective grating is shown in fig. 3. From the simulation results, the TM light passes through the polarization-selective grating with low loss, and the TE light is reflected by the grating.
For convenience of description, taking MMI design as an example, the beam splitter in the present invention may use a Y waveguide, a directional coupler or a multimode interferometer (MMI), where the MMI is composed of a tapered waveguide transition region and a multimode interference region, and specific parameters are determined according to the substrate, the refractive index of the waveguide and the process parameters, and a design block diagram and a numerical simulation are shown in fig. 4. The end face coupler in the invention is of an inverse tapering structure, tapering parameters are determined according to waveguide parameters and a light source mode field or an optical fiber mode field to be selected, and a simulation example is shown in fig. 5.
The invention realizes double optical path of the fiber-optic gyroscope by utilizing the photon integrated chip of polarization mode multiplexing, and doubles interference effect under the condition of not increasing the length of the fiber-optic gyroscope, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of the gyroscope. The photonic integrated chip is used for replacing the traditional discrete optical device, and the integrated optical scale flow sheet process is used for facilitating the consistency and the scale mass production of the gyroscope, reducing the volume of the gyroscope, reducing the cost of the gyroscope and improving the manufacturing efficiency.
The invention can be applied to Si, siO 2 ，Si 3 N 4 LNOI and other integrated optical chip materials, and may be used in 830nm, 850nm, 1310nm and 1550nm wavelength systems. The invention realizes the effective improvement of the precision of the fiber-optic gyroscope with small volume and low cost. The invention can also provide powerful support for the development of other optical fiber sensors such as optical fiber current transformers, optical fiber hydrophones and the like.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The optical fiber gyro comprises a photon integrated chip, a light source, a detector, an optical fiber ring, a modulator and a signal processing circuit, and is characterized in that the photon integrated chip comprises a substrate, a polarization selection grating, two beam splitters and 4 end face couplers are integrated on the substrate, the light source and the detector are respectively connected with one of the beam splitters through one end face coupler, tail fibers at two ends of the optical fiber ring are respectively connected with the other beam splitter through one end face coupler, and the polarization selection grating is connected with the two beam splitters; the polarization-selective grating transmits, reflects, or reflects TM polarized light, and transmits TE polarized light.
2. The photonic-chip-based polarization-mode multiplexing double-path fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the fiber optic ring has a fiber pigtail polarization angle of 0 ° at one end and a fiber pigtail polarization angle of 90 ° at the other end with respect to the coupling polarization axis direction of the photonic integrated chip.
3. The photonic-chip-based polarization-mode multiplexing double-path fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the polarization-selective grating is formed ofGrating structure composed of waveguides with periodic alternating refractive index and grating periodLThe following bragg grating equation is satisfied:
wherein,λas the wavelength of the center of operation,L 1 for the length of the area of small width in the grating period,//>is the effective refractive index of TE/TM mode in the waveguide with small width, and +.>//>Is the effective refractive index of the TE/TM mode in the waveguide with large width in the period.
4. The photonic chip-based polarization mode multiplexing double-optical path fiber gyroscope of claim 3, wherein the waveguides of the polarization-selective grating are integrated on the substrate of the photonic integrated chip, and the substrate is made of Si and SiO 2 、Si 3 N 4 One or more of LNOI.
5. The photonic chip-based polarization mode multiplexing double-optical path fiber gyroscope according to claim 1, wherein the beam splitter has a beam splitting ratio of 1:1, and the beam splitter adopts a Y waveguide, a directional coupler or a multimode interferometer.
6. The photonic chip-based polarization mode multiplexing double-optical path fiber gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the end-face coupler is of a back taper structure.
7. The photonic chip-based polarization mode multiplexing double optical path fiber gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the light source uses a high-polarization light source or a low-polarization light source, and if the polarization-selective grating is designed to transmit TM polarized light, the light source enters the photonic integrated chip in TM polarized state; if the polarization-selective grating is designed to transmit TE polarized light, the light source enters the photonic integrated chip in the TE polarization state.
8. The photonic chip-based polarization mode multiplexing double-optical-path fiber gyroscope according to claim 7, wherein the light source is attached to the side of the photonic integrated chip in an end-face coupling manner; or the high-polarization light source is firstly coupled to the polarization-maintaining optical fiber in a counter shaft mode, and then the end face of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber in the counter shaft mode is coupled to the photon integrated chip; or coupling the low-polarization light source to a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, introducing an optical fiber polarizer into the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, and coupling the polarization-maintaining optical fiber to the shaft end face to the photon integrated chip.
9. The photonic chip-based polarization mode multiplexing double-optical-path fiber gyroscope according to claim 1, wherein the detector is attached to the side of the photonic integrated chip to complete photoelectric conversion, and is connected with the signal processing circuit to complete resolution of a gyroscope signal; or the signal light is coupled to the receiving optical fiber, and then the signal light is led to the detector through the receiving optical fiber.
10. The photonic chip-based polarization mode multiplexing double optical path fiber gyroscope of any of claims 1-9, applied to multiple wavelength systems of 830nm, 850nm, 1310nm, 1550 nm.
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