CN117424377A - 一种低噪音水泵用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机 - Google Patents

一种低噪音水泵用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机 Download PDF

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CN117424377A
CN117424377A CN202311342321.5A CN202311342321A CN117424377A CN 117424377 A CN117424377 A CN 117424377A CN 202311342321 A CN202311342321 A CN 202311342321A CN 117424377 A CN117424377 A CN 117424377A
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stator
permanent magnet
water pump
magnet synchronous
concentrated winding
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邹月
陆巨梁
张臻丞
吴晨光
姜宝
朱利民
许皓
沈超
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Zhejiang Gme Co ltd
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Huzhou Giant Motor Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/04Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/165Shape, form or location of the slots
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/04Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/12Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/46Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/48Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure in slots
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/46Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/52Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
    • H02K3/521Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only
    • H02K3/522Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only for generally annular cores with salient poles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/10Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with arrangements for protection from ingress, e.g. water or fingers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K5/207Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium with openings in the casing specially adapted for ambient air
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/24Casings; Enclosures; Supports specially adapted for suppression or reduction of noise or vibrations
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明一种低噪音水泵用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机,包括:转子、定子、机壳及风罩板,转子采用分段位斜极结构,由多个叠片依次连接而成,叠片内置有永磁体,且呈V型径向式;定子采用分数槽集中绕组式,由多个分割拼块依次连接而成,拼块上单独绕线,线圈端部短;机壳用于定子的安装,定子放入机壳内用浇注料进行浇注灌封;风罩板通过螺钉连接在机壳上,风罩板与机壳之间留有风道。本发明设置的永磁同步电动机可以大大减少磁钢和硅钢片的使用量,使整体水泵用电动机的造价降低,同时也提升了整体电动机的品质,达到一级能效、超静音、体积小高功率密度,其主要应用于水泵行业,同时也可以应用于其它领域的永磁同步电动机上。

Description

一种低噪音水泵用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机
技术领域
本发明属于电机技术领域,具体涉及一种低噪音水泵用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机。
背景技术
一些行业开始使用永磁同步电动机作为主要动力输出,但是在商业、工业用途的水泵领域,永磁同步电动机的应用尚处于起步阶段。为了迎合国家政策及市场需求,研发高效超静音水泵用永磁同步电机成为发展趋势。
目前,水泵电机主要还是以三相异步电机为主,现有市场上出现的永磁同步电机相较于三相异步电机,依然存在噪声大,成本高等问题。对于永磁同步电机,如果不考虑机械噪音,那么电磁噪音则是其电机噪音的主要来源。产生电磁噪声的原因有很多,包括径向力波、轴向拉力等等。由于定子槽上有开口,当永磁电机定转子相对运动时,使电机磁场储能发生变化,产生周期性振荡转矩,成为齿槽转矩。齿槽转矩的存在,会直接影响到电机的转矩脉动,从而导致速度的波动。同时当脉动转矩的频率与电枢电流谐振频率一致时,还会产生共振,最终加大了齿槽转矩的振动和噪声。因此,降低齿槽转矩对电机的影响,是提升永磁电机稳定性的关键所在。而降低齿槽转矩的方法有很多,包括采用分数槽绕组,转子磁极极弧系数的选择,不等厚永磁体和不均匀气隙法,定子斜槽、转子斜极,磁极偏移法、定子铁心齿冠开辅助凹槽,槽口宽度的优化等,但不同方法之间的有效配合,成为本发明研究的目的所在。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明设计的目的在于提供一种低噪音水泵用分数槽绕组永磁同步电机,具体通过以下技术方案加以实现:
一种低噪音水泵用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机,其特征在于该永磁同步电机从内到外依次包括:
转子:采用分段位斜极结构,由多个叠片依次连接而成,所述叠片内置有永磁体,且呈V型径向式;
定子:采用分数槽集中绕组式,由多个分割拼块依次连接而成,每个拼块上单独绕线,线圈端部短,距离为一个定子齿距;
机壳:用于定子的安装,定子拼块拼装后将其放入机壳内用浇注料进行浇筑灌封,实现定子与机壳的安装;
风罩板:通过螺钉连接在机壳上,风罩板与机壳之间留有风道。
进一步地,所述叠片优选设置有8片,前4个叠片与后4叠片成V形排列,后一个叠片与前一个叠片之间偏转角度为5°。
进一步地,多个叠片之间采用圆柱销进行连接。
进一步地,定子的相邻拼块之间卡接设置,拼块与拼块之间通过设置在拼块侧边上的凸凹卡扣进行扣合。
进一步地,风罩板设置有四个,相邻风罩板之间采用凸凹结构进行连接。
进一步地,相邻风罩板之间保留0.25mm的缝隙,用以降低由于振动导致两板间相互撞击的噪声。
本发明设置的永磁同步电动机可以大大减少磁钢和硅钢片的使用量,使整体水泵用电动机的造价降低,同时也提升了整体电动机的品质,达到一级能效、超静音、体积小高功率密度,其主要应用于水泵行业,同时也可以应用于其它领域的永磁同步电动机上。
附图说明
图1为转子截面结构示意图;
图2为定转子结构示意图;
图3为定转子装配后的结构示意图;
图4为分段位斜极V形排列结构示意图;
图5为分段位斜极排列示意图;
图6为整体永磁体偏移效果示意图;
图7为标记有数字和字母的转子叠片示意图;
图8为转子组装爆炸示意图;
图9为定子浇筑后的结构示意图;
图10为风罩板及风道示意图;
图11为风罩板与风罩板间缝隙示意图;
图中,1-转子,101-叠片,2-定子,201-拼块,202-凸凹卡扣,3-机壳,4-风罩板,401-凸凹结构,5-风道,6-圆柱销。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图对本发明做进一步说明,以便更好地理解本技术方案。
一种低噪音水泵用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机,从内到外依次包括转子1、定子2、机壳及风罩板4,其中,转子1采用分段位斜极结构,由多个叠片101依次连接而成,叠片101内置有永磁体,且呈V型径向式,如图1所示,多个叠片101之间采用圆柱销6进行连接,叠片101优选设置有8片,前4个叠片101与后4叠片101成V形排列,后一个叠片101与前一个叠片101之间偏转角度为5°。
上述内置式转子结构可以充分利用转子磁路不对称所产生的磁阻转矩,提高电机的功率密度,使得电机的动态性能较表贴式转子结构有所改善,制造工艺也较简单。内置式永磁同步电机的永磁体位于转子内部,永磁体外表面与定子铁心内圆之间有铁磁物质制成的极靴,可以保护永磁体。这种永磁电机的重要特点是直、交轴的主电感不相等。交轴也叫q轴,直轴也叫d轴,他们实际上是坐标轴,而不是实际的轴,在永磁同步电机控制中,为了能够得到类似直流电机的控制特性,在电机转子上建立一个坐标系,此坐标系与转子同步转动,取转子磁场方向为d轴,垂直于转子磁场方向为q轴。由于磁通总是会优先选择走磁阻最小的路径,两个轴磁阻的不一致导致磁通在路径选择上发生了偏向性。相同电流情况下,d、q轴磁阻差越大,磁阻转矩也就越大。对于内置式永磁同步电机,在永磁转矩的基础上迭加了磁阻转矩,有助于提高电机的过载能力和功率密度,而且易于弱磁调速,扩大恒功率范围运行。而V型排布可允许在相同极弧系数下使用更宽的永磁体,提供更多的磁通量。磁路的聚磁设计使内置式电动机提供高转矩传动惯量比和加速能力。
定子2结构如图2所示,采用分数槽集中绕组式,由多个分割拼块201依次连接而成,每个拼块201上单独绕线,线圈端部短,距离为一个定子齿距,故相对于整数槽绕组节省材料,电阻小,铜耗低,且可以实现高效自动化绕制生产。定子的相邻拼块201之间卡接设置,拼块与拼块之间通过设置在拼块侧边上的凸凹卡扣202进行扣合。
极槽配合采用9槽6极以及12槽8极方案,以9槽6极为例,定子结构中包括9个拼块,每叠片极数为12(即极对数为6)。每极每相槽数,所以此次结构采用的是分数槽绕组。分数槽绕组电机有利于降低齿槽转矩,这是因为定子各个槽口所处磁场位置不同,所以各自产生的齿槽转矩相位便不相同,故叠加的结果不但提高了基波齿槽转矩周期数,并有可能产生相互抵偿的作用。而每极每相槽数的分母D=2,正规60°相带分数槽绕组合成三相磁动势中,仅含有以下谐波成分:
从上式可看出,当D=2时,绕组三相磁动势中不含分数次谐波,有利于改善电机运行噪声。
转子磁极极弧系数是齿槽转矩很重要的影响因素,而最佳的极弧系数还和所用永磁材料、磁化情况(如径向磁化和平行磁化)、气隙大小、槽口宽度等。此次磁钢采用N38H钕铁硼材料,其性价比高,具有良好的机械性能。充磁方式采用平行充磁,其优点在于充磁简单,价格相对低。
定转子装配示意图如图3所示,此次转子1结构采用了分段位斜极结构,可以有效的抑制齿谐波磁场,降低脉动。以9槽6极,转子叠片总长80mm,分成8段,每段叠片10mm为例。其中前4叠片与后4叠片成V形排列,具体排列方式如图4。定子拼块201的数量为9,每叠片磁钢数量为12,其最小公倍数为18,根据公式,按照对称排列的方式,由于转子分段斜极角和定子连续斜槽角的关系为:计算角度采用4叠片斜3次,即每次斜极角度,因此后一个叠片101与前一个叠片101偏转5°,偏转后如图5。虽然这种偏移磁钢的结构可以降低齿槽转矩,但会引起移位漏磁,从而导致不平衡轴向电磁力,最终出现窜动与扭振现象,使轴承寿命缩短,振动噪音依然偏大。为了减少偏移所带来的不良影响,将线性移位改为V形对称移位,如图6所示。在前4个叠片后再增加4个叠片,这种结构可以将移位磁极段间产生的轴向电磁力相互抵消,由此既可以削弱谐波影响,减少漏磁,又能大幅度抑制轴向电磁力。具体8段叠片的组装方式采用了销连接法,如图7所示,先对叠片标记好字母和数字。从A11,逆时针旋转,A12、A21、A22、B11、B12、B21、B22……,直到C22。A11、A12对应的一对磁钢为N极,A21、A22对应的一对磁钢为S极,一次逆时针旋转,一个N极一个S极间隔排布。在叠加的时候,如图8所示。其中第一个叠片与第二个叠片采用2个4*20的圆柱销6连接,连接孔为A11-B11/B21-C21。第二个叠片与第三个叠片采用2个4*20的圆柱销连接,连接孔为A11-B11/B21-C21。第三个叠片到第六个叠片采用2个4*40的圆柱销连接,连接孔为A11-B11-B11-A11/B21-C21-C21-B21。第六个叠片与第七个叠片采用2个4*20的圆柱销连接,连接孔为B11-A11/C21-B21。第七个叠片与第八个叠片采用2个4*20的圆柱销连接,连接孔为A22-C22/C12-B12。
机壳3用于定子2和转子1的安装,定子拼块201拼装后将其放入机壳3内用浇注料进行浇筑灌封,实现定子2与机壳3的安装;风罩板4通过螺钉连接在机壳3上,风罩板4与机壳3之间留有风道5。考虑到机械噪音,本发明定子拼块201拼装后,将其放入机壳3中进行浇注灌封,如图9所示。浇注后的定子2可以提高其防潮,防尘,防震效果,同时也会提高定子的阻尼系数,实现减小定子形变产生的噪声。除此之外,为了降低电机在运转时所产生的热量,可使用风扇降温,风扇虽然可以降低电机的温度,同时也提高了噪音,因此在机壳3外观设计中,不但考虑了散热问题,同时也考虑到风罩板4间的振动噪音问题,如图10所示。四块风罩板4用螺钉连接在机壳3上,风扇的风会穿过风道5来降低电机温度,由于四块风罩板4不是一体结构,之间的接缝处会产生振动从而引起噪音。处于噪音考虑,风罩板4与风罩板4之间采用了凸凹结构401,如图11所示,该种结构配合紧密,减少分体风罩带来的不稳定性。风罩板4与风罩板4之间保留0.25mm的缝隙可以降低由于振动导致两板间相互撞击的噪声。

Claims (6)

1.一种低噪音水泵用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机,其特征在于该永磁同步电机从内到外依次包括:
转子(1):采用分段位斜极结构,由多个叠片(101)依次连接而成,所述叠片(101)内置有永磁体,且呈V型径向式;
定子(2):采用分数槽集中绕组式,由多个分割拼块(201)依次连接而成,每个拼块(201)上单独绕线,线圈端部短,距离为一个定子齿距;
机壳(3):用于定子(2)的安装,定子拼块(201)拼装后将其放入机壳(3)内用浇注料进行浇筑灌封,实现定子(2)与机壳(3)的安装;
风罩板(4):通过螺钉连接在机壳(3)上,风罩板(4)与机壳(3)之间留有风道(5)。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种低噪音水泵用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机,其特征在于所述叠片(101)优选设置有8片,前4个叠片(101)与后4叠片(101)成V形排列,后一个叠片(101)与前一个叠片(101)之间偏转角度为5°。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种低噪音水泵用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机,其特征在于多个叠片(101)之间采用圆柱销(6)进行连接。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种低噪音水泵用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机,其特征在于定子(2)的相邻拼块(201)之间卡接设置,拼块(201)与拼块(201)之间通过设置在拼块侧边上的凸凹卡扣(202)进行扣合。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种低噪音水泵用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机,其特征在于风罩板(4)设置有四个,相邻风罩板(4)之间采用凸凹结构(401)进行连接。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种低噪音水泵用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机,其特征在于相邻风罩板(4)之间保留0.25mm的缝隙,用以降低由于振动导致两板间相互撞击的噪声。
CN202311342321.5A 2023-10-17 2023-10-17 一种低噪音水泵用分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机 Pending CN117424377A (zh)

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