CN117410673A - Vehicle-mounted combined antenna and automobile - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted combined antenna and an automobile, wherein the vehicle-mounted combined antenna comprises an antenna substrate, a positioning antenna fixedly connected with the antenna substrate, and a first antenna, a second antenna and a communication antenna which are vertically connected with the antenna substrate; the first antenna and the second antenna both comprise V2X working frequency bands; the first antenna, the communication antenna, the positioning antenna and the second antenna are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the antenna substrate, the first antenna is arranged at one end facing the vehicle head, and the second antenna is arranged at one end facing the vehicle tail. The vehicle-mounted combined antenna and the vehicle are used for integrating multiple functions of the antenna in a small space, and meet the requirements of intelligent driving.

Description

Vehicle-mounted combined antenna and automobile

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle-mounted antennas, in particular to a vehicle-mounted combined antenna and an automobile.

Background

With the continuous popularization of intelligent driving technology, automobiles are currently developing towards intelligent terminals, and more antennas are required to be integrated in the automobiles so as to acquire information such as vehicles, roads, communication, positioning, environmental awareness, information processing and the like.

Existing antennas in automobiles generally include a communication antenna with a 4G or 5G frequency band and a satellite positioning antenna, and then it is difficult to integrate other antennas again to realize more abundant functions due to space limitation. In order to realize comprehensive functions, an existing automobile is generally provided with a plurality of antenna devices, each antenna device realizes a corresponding function, so that a large space is reserved for installing the antenna, and the attractive effect is also affected.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a vehicle-mounted combined antenna and an automobile, which are used for integrating multiple functions of the antenna in a smaller space and meeting the requirements of intelligent driving.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a vehicle-mounted combined antenna comprises an antenna substrate, a positioning antenna fixedly connected to the antenna substrate, and a first antenna, a second antenna and a communication antenna which are vertically connected to the antenna substrate; the first antenna and the second antenna both comprise V2X working frequency bands; the first antenna, the communication antenna, the positioning antenna and the second antenna are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the antenna substrate, the first antenna is arranged at one end facing the vehicle head, and the second antenna is arranged at one end facing the vehicle tail.

Preferably, the antenna substrate includes a first side and a second side opposite in a width direction thereof, the first antenna and the second antenna are each centrally disposed in the width direction of the antenna substrate, the communication antenna is adjacent to the first side of the antenna substrate, and the positioning antenna is adjacent to the second side of the antenna substrate.

Preferably, the communication antenna comprises a low frequency branch and a high frequency branch, at least a part of the low frequency branch extending along the circumference of the communication antenna; the high-frequency branch is arranged in the middle of the communication antenna.

Preferably, a first adjusting groove is arranged between the low-frequency branch and the high-frequency branch, and the first adjusting groove can adjust the frequency and/or impedance matching of the low-frequency branch and the high-frequency branch through size change;

and/or the frequency of the high-frequency branch comprises 1710 MHz-2690 MHz and 3300-5000 MHz; the frequency of the low-frequency branch comprises 698 MHz-960 MHz.

Preferably, the tail end of the high-frequency branch is provided with an oblique angle part, and the oblique angle part is used for adjusting the impedance matching of the high-frequency branch.

Preferably, a first connection part, a first feed point part and a first protruding part extending towards the antenna substrate are arranged on one side of the communication antenna connected with the antenna substrate;

the antenna substrate is provided with a second connecting part, a third connecting part and a first mounting groove for being matched and connected with the first protruding part, the second connecting part is electrically connected with the first feeding point part, and the third connecting part is electrically connected with the first connecting part.

Preferably, the first antenna comprises a first plate body and a second plate body which are connected with each other, the first plate body is provided with a radiating part, the middle part of the radiating part is provided with a separation groove, and the radiating part is separated by the separation groove to form two first bending branches.

Preferably, the first board body is further provided with a first microstrip line, and the first microstrip line and the radiation part are arranged at two opposite sides of the first board body; the first microstrip line can generate coupling feed with the separation groove;

and/or the length of the first bending branch is one quarter of the medium wavelength;

and/or, the first plate body is perpendicular to the second plate body.

Preferably, a first coupling part, a second coupling part connected with the first microstrip line and a second protruding part extending towards the second board body are arranged on one side of the first board body connected with the second board body;

the second plate body includes a second mounting groove for receiving the second protrusion, a third coupling portion for electrically connecting with the first coupling portion, and a fourth coupling portion for electrically connecting with the second coupling portion.

Preferably, a fourth connecting part and a third protruding part extending towards the antenna substrate are arranged at one end of the second plate body connected with the antenna substrate;

the antenna substrate is provided with a third mounting groove coupled with the third protruding portion, and a fifth connecting portion for electrically connecting the fourth connecting portion.

Preferably, the second antenna includes a second microstrip line and two radiating elements; the second microstrip line is connected with the two radiating units, and at least one part of the second microstrip line is bent.

Preferably, the radiating element includes a main body portion, and an adjustment knob extending from the main body portion in a width direction of the radiating element, the adjustment knob being used to adjust a frequency of the radiating element;

and/or the radiation unit is provided with a second adjusting groove;

and/or, the two radiating elements are separated by one half of the medium wavelength.

Preferably, the second antenna is further provided with a grounding part and a third microstrip line connected with the radiating unit, the third microstrip line extends towards the grounding part, and the grounding part is provided with a third adjusting groove avoiding the third microstrip line.

Preferably, a sixth connection part and a fourth protruding part extending towards the antenna substrate are arranged at one end of the second antenna connected with the antenna substrate;

the antenna substrate is provided with a fourth mounting groove coupled with the fourth protrusion portion, and a seventh connection portion for electrically connecting the sixth connection portion.

Preferably, the first antenna, the second antenna and the communication antenna are made of FP4 plates;

and/or the positioning antenna is a single feed point circularly polarized antenna.

An automobile comprising any one of the above vehicle-mounted combined antenna.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:

the arrangement mode of the invention can rationalize the positions among the plurality of antennas by arranging the first antenna, the second antenna, the communication antenna and the positioning antenna, reduce the risk of mutual crosstalk among the antennas, integrate the plurality of antennas together to form the vehicle-mounted combined antenna, and reduce the occupied space of the antenna. The communication antenna and the positioning antenna can realize wireless communication and satellite positioning functions, and ensure effective positioning of the vehicle in a complex driving environment. The first antenna is used for realizing communication with a front vehicle, the second antenna is used for realizing communication with a rear vehicle, the accident rate under the conditions of developed traffic and large traffic flow is reduced, the comprehensive positioning capability of the vehicle-mounted combined antenna is improved, and the intelligent driving requirement is met.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a mounting surface of an antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a grounding surface of an antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a front structure of a communication antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the reverse side of the communication antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the front surface of the first board body in the first antenna according to the embodiment of the invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the reverse side of the first board in the first antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the front surface of the second board body in the first antenna according to the embodiment of the invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the reverse side of the second board in the first antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the front surface of the second antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing HFSS simulation results of a communication antenna in a vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a diagram showing HFSS simulation results of a first antenna in the vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a radiation pattern of a first antenna in a vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to an embodiment of the invention in a horizontal plane at a frequency of 5.905 GHz;

fig. 14 is a diagram showing HFSS simulation results of a second antenna in the vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 15 is a radiation pattern of a first antenna in the vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention at a horizontal plane at a frequency of 5.905 GHz.

In the figure: 1. an antenna substrate; 11. a first mounting groove; 12. a second connecting portion; 13. a third connecting portion; 14. a third mounting groove; 15. a fifth connecting portion; 16. a fourth mounting groove; 17. a seventh connecting portion; 18. a mounting surface; 19. a ground surface; 191. a first ground plane; 192. a first ground pad; 2. positioning an antenna; 3. a first antenna; 31. a first plate body; 311. a radiation section; 3111. a separation groove; 3112. a first bending branch; 312. a first microstrip line; 313. a first coupling part; 314. a second coupling part; 315. a second protruding portion; 32. a second plate body; 321. a second mounting groove; 322. a third coupling section; 323. a fourth coupling section; 324. a fourth connecting portion; 325. a third boss; 326. a second ground plane; 327. a second ground pad; 328. a guide part; 329. a first connection pad; 4. a second antenna; 41. a second microstrip line; 42. a radiation unit; 421. a main body portion; 422. adjusting branches; 423. a second regulating groove; 43. a grounding part; 431. a third regulating groove; 432. a third ground pad; 44. a third microstrip line; 45. a sixth connecting portion; 46. a fourth protruding portion; 47. a second connection pad; 5. a communication antenna; 51. low frequency branches; 52. high frequency branches; 521. an oblique angle part; 53. a first adjustment tank; 54. a first connection portion; 55. a first feed point section; 56. a first boss.

Detailed Description

Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be embodied in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and thus a repetitive description thereof will be omitted.

The words expressing the positions and directions described in the present invention are described by taking the drawings as an example, but can be changed according to the needs, and all the changes are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, a vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an antenna substrate 1, a positioning antenna 2 fixedly connected to the antenna substrate 1, and a first antenna 3, a second antenna 4 and a communication antenna 5 vertically connected to the antenna substrate 1. The first antenna 3 and the second antenna 4 each comprise a V2X operating band.

The first antenna 3, the communication antenna 5, the positioning antenna 2, and the second antenna 4 are sequentially disposed along the length direction of the antenna substrate 1. Specifically, the length direction of the antenna substrate 1 may coincide with the length direction of the vehicle, and the antenna substrate 1 includes a first side and a second side opposite in the width direction thereof. The first antenna 3 is arranged at one end facing the vehicle head, and the second antenna 4 is arranged at one end facing the vehicle tail; also, both the first antenna 3 and the second antenna 4 may be centrally disposed along the width direction of the antenna substrate 1, the radiation surface of the first antenna 3 may be directed toward the second side of the antenna substrate 1, and the radiation surface of the second antenna 4 may be directed toward the first side of the antenna substrate 1. The communication antenna 5 may be disposed adjacent to a first side of the antenna substrate 1, with the radiating surface of the communication antenna 5 facing a second side of the antenna substrate 1. The positioning antenna 2 may be disposed adjacent to the second side of the antenna substrate 1, and the positioning antenna 2 may partially overlap the communication antenna 5 in a length direction along the antenna substrate 1.

By arranging the first antenna 3, the second antenna 4, the communication antenna 5 and the positioning antenna 2 in the above manner, the positions among the plurality of antennas can be rationalized, the risk of mutual crosstalk among the antennas is reduced, and the plurality of antennas can be integrated together to form the vehicle-mounted combined antenna, so that the occupied space of the antenna is reduced. The communication antenna 5 and the positioning antenna 2 can realize wireless communication and satellite positioning functions, and ensure effective positioning of the vehicle in a complex driving environment. The first antenna 3 is used for realizing communication with a front vehicle, the second antenna 4 is used for realizing communication with a rear vehicle, the accident rate under the conditions of developed traffic and large traffic flow is reduced, the comprehensive positioning capability of the vehicle-mounted combined antenna is improved, and the intelligent driving requirement is met.

The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "parallel" are defined as: including the case of 10% soil on the basis of standard definition. For example, perpendicular generally refers to an included angle of 90 ° with respect to the reference line, but in the present invention, perpendicular refers to a case including within 80 ° to 100 °.

With further reference to fig. 2 and 3, the antenna substrate 1 may include opposing mounting surfaces 18 and a ground surface 19. The mounting surface 18 is provided with a second connection portion 12 and a third connection portion 13 for connecting the communication antenna 5. The ground surface 19 is provided with a first ground plane 191 and a first ground pad 192 connected to the first ground plane 191. The second connection portion 12 may be electrically connected to the first ground plane 191 of the ground surface 19, for example, the second connection portion 12 extends from the mounting surface 18 to the ground surface 19 to be electrically connected to the first ground plane 191. The third connection portion 13 and the first grounding pad 192 may be electrically connected to an external radio frequency signal line, specifically, the third connection portion 13 may be electrically connected to a core wire of the radio frequency signal line, and the first grounding pad 192 may be electrically connected to a shielding layer of the external radio frequency signal line.

With further reference to fig. 4 and 5, the communication antenna 5 may be a 5G communication antenna 5. The communication antenna 5 comprises opposite front and back sides, the front side of the communication antenna 5 facing the second side of the antenna substrate 1 and forming a radiating surface. Specifically, the radiation surface of the communication antenna 5 includes a low frequency stub 51 and a high frequency stub 52. The low frequency branch 51 is used to generate a low frequency band signal and the high frequency branch 52 is used to generate a high frequency band signal. The low frequency band can specifically comprise 698 MHz-960 MHz, and the high frequency band can specifically comprise 1710 MHz-2690 MHz and 3300-5000 MHz.

At least a part of the low-frequency stub 51 may extend in the circumferential direction of the communication antenna 5, and by adjusting the extension length of the low-frequency stub 51, the frequency of the low-frequency stub 51 may be adjusted so that the low-frequency stub 51 reaches a practically required frequency. The high-frequency branch 52 may be disposed in the middle of the communication antenna 5, specifically, the high-frequency branch 52 is disposed in the middle of the communication antenna 5 along the width direction thereof, and the length direction of the high-frequency branch 52 is parallel to the length direction of the communication antenna 5. By adjusting the length of the high frequency stub 52, the frequency of the high frequency stub 52 may be adjusted so that the high frequency stub 52 reaches the actual desired frequency.

To achieve the electrical connection of the communication antenna 5 with the antenna substrate 1, a side of the communication antenna 5 for connecting with the antenna substrate 1 is provided with a first connection portion 54 and a first feed point portion 55. The first connection portion 54 is for electrically connecting with the third connection portion 13. The first connection portions 54 may be provided in two sets, and the two sets of first connection portions 54 are provided on opposite sides of the communication antenna 5 in the width direction thereof. Each set of first connection portions 54 includes a first connection portion 54 located on the front side of the communication antenna 5 and a first connection portion 54 located on the back side of the communication antenna 5, and the first connection portion 54 located on the front side of the communication antenna 5 is connected to the first connection portion 54 located on the back side of the communication antenna 5 through a metallized via. The first feeding point portion 55 is disposed at a middle portion of the communication antenna 5 in a width direction thereof, and the first feeding point portion 55 is disposed at a junction of the high frequency branch 52 and the low frequency branch 51, and the first feeding point portion 55 may be electrically connected with the second connection portion 12 of the antenna substrate 1.

By electrically connecting the first connection portion 54 with the third connection portion 13, the first connection portion 54 can be electrically connected with the core wire of the radio frequency signal line through the third connection portion 13; by electrically connecting the first feeding point portion 55 with the second connecting portion 12, the first feeding point portion 55 can be electrically connected with the shielding layer of the radio frequency signal line through the second connecting portion 12, so as to further realize connection between the communication antenna 5 and the radio frequency signal line. The first connection portion 54, the first feeding point portion 55, the second connection portion 12, and the third connection portion 13 may be pads, the first connection portion 54 and the third connection portion 13 are welded, and the first feeding point portion 55 and the second connection portion 12 are welded.

To facilitate the fixed connection of the communication antenna 5 and the antenna substrate 1, a first protrusion 56 extending toward the antenna substrate 1 is provided on a side of the communication antenna 5 connected to the antenna substrate 1, and the antenna substrate 1 is provided with a first mounting groove 11 for mating with the first protrusion 56. When the communication antenna 5 needs to be fixed to the antenna substrate 1, the first protruding portion 56 may be inserted into the first mounting groove 11, then the first feeding point portion 55 and the second connecting portion 12 may be welded, and the first connecting portion 54 and the third connecting portion 13 may be welded, so that the fixation and electrical connection between the communication antenna and the antenna substrate 1 may be achieved.

Further, the third connecting portion 13 may be provided on the peripheral side of the first mounting groove 11, for example, on opposite sides of the first mounting groove 11 in the width direction thereof; at least a portion of the first connecting portion 54 extends to the surface of the first protruding portion 56, so that after the first protruding portion 56 is inserted into the first mounting groove 11, the third connecting portion 13 abuts against or is disposed adjacent to the first connecting portion 54, and connection between the third connecting portion 13 and the first connecting portion 54 is facilitated. Also, the first feeding point portion 55 may correspond to the second connection portion 12 in position, that is, when the communication antenna 5 is connected to the antenna substrate 1, the first feeding point portion 55 is abutted or adjacently disposed to the second connection portion 12, so as to facilitate connection of the first feeding point portion 55 and the second connection portion 12.

In some embodiments, a first adjustment groove 53 is provided between the low frequency branch 51 and the high frequency branch 52, the first adjustment groove 53 separates the low frequency branch 51 and the high frequency branch 52 from each other, and the first adjustment groove 53 is capable of adjusting frequency and/or impedance matching of the low frequency branch 51 and the high frequency branch 52 by a dimensional change. Specifically, the variation of the extension length of the first adjusting slot 53 can fine-tune the frequency of the communication antenna 5 in the low frequency band and the high frequency band, and the variation of the width of the first adjusting slot 53 can fine-tune the impedance matching of the communication antenna 5 in the low frequency band and the high frequency band. By adjusting the length and width of the first adjusting slot 53, the frequency and/or impedance matching of the communication antenna 5 is adjusted, so that the communication antenna 5 has good standing wave performance.

In some embodiments, the end of the high-frequency branch 52 is provided with a bevel 521, and the bevel 521 is used to adjust the impedance matching of the high-frequency band of the communication antenna 5, so as to improve the standing wave performance of the communication antenna 5. The end of the high-frequency branch 52 may specifically be an end of the high-frequency branch 52 away from the first feed point 55.

Referring to fig. 11, HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator, high frequency structure simulation) results show that the VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, standing wave ratio) of the communication antenna 5 is less than 3.5 in the low frequency range of 698MHz to 960 MHz; the VSWR of the communication antenna 5 is less than 3.0 in the high frequency range of 1710MHz to 2690MHz and 3300 to 5000MHz.

In some embodiments, the communications antenna 5 is fabricated from FR4 board that has a thickness of 1 mm. The FR4 medium antenna is formed by adopting the FR4 board for the communication antenna 5, so that the structure of the antenna can be simplified, and the FR4 medium antenna has the advantages of easiness in processing, short period, lower cost, small size, light weight, various installation modes and the like.

The first antenna 3 includes a first board 31 and a second board 32 connected to each other. The first plate 31 and the second plate 32 may be perpendicular to each other.

With further reference to fig. 6 and 7, the first plate 31 includes an opposite front face and a rear face. The front surface of the first plate 31 faces the second side of the antenna substrate 1, and the front surface of the first plate 31 is provided with a radiation portion 311, and the back surface of the first plate 31 is provided with a first microstrip line 312. The radiation portion 311 is, for example, a radiation surface formed on the front surface of the first plate 31. The middle of the radiating part 311 may be provided with a separation groove 3111, the separation groove 3111 separating the radiating part 311 to form two first bent branches 3112, and the two first bent branches 3112 may be symmetrically disposed along the separation groove 3111. By adjusting the length of first bent branch 3112, the frequency of first bent branch 3112 may be adjusted. In addition, the pair of first bent branches 3112 may be microstrip line routing branches, so that the first microstrip line 312 may generate coupling feeding with the separation slot 3111 between the pair of first bent branches 3112, which is simple in form and high in efficiency. Wherein the length of the first bent stub 3112 is preferably one quarter of the medium wavelength. The separation groove 3111 may be an elongated rectangular groove.

The first microstrip line 312 may be used to adjust the impedance matching of the first antenna 3. Specifically, the first microstrip line 312 may have a structure similar to a 7-shape, and the length and width of the first microstrip line 312 may be adjusted to adjust impedance matching, so that the first antenna 3 obtains good impedance matching, and the first antenna 3 may have good broadband characteristics in the whole working frequency band.

With further reference to fig. 8 and 9, the second plate 32 includes opposite front and rear faces. The front surface of the second plate 32 is provided with a guide 328. The second board 32 is provided with a second ground plane 326, a second ground pad 327 electrically connected to the second ground plane 326, and a first connection pad 329 electrically connected to the guide portion 328 on the opposite side. The second ground pad 327 may be soldered to a shielding layer of the rf signal line, and the first connection pad 329 may be soldered to a core wire of the rf signal line to achieve electrical connection of the first antenna 3 provided with the second plate 32 to the rf signal line.

To facilitate the electrical connection of the first and second plates 31 and 32, a side of the first plate 31 for connection with the second plate 32 may be provided with a first coupling portion 313 and a second coupling portion 314. The first coupling parts 313 may be provided with two sets, one set of the first coupling parts 313 is connected with one first bent branch 3112, the other set of the first coupling parts 313 is connected with the other first bent branch 3112, and the first coupling parts 313 may be provided at a side of the first bent branch 3112 connected thereto away from the other first bent branch 3112. Each set of first coupling parts 313 may include two first coupling parts 313, and the two first coupling parts 313 are disposed on both front and back sides of the first plate body 31 and connected through metallized through holes. The second coupling portion 314 may be located between two sets of the first coupling portions 313, and the second coupling portion 314 is configured to be electrically connected to the first microstrip line 312.

The front surface of the second plate body 32 may be provided with a third coupling portion 322 and a fourth coupling portion 323. The third coupling portion 322 is electrically connected to the first coupling portion 313, and the third coupling portion 322 may be electrically connected to the second ground plane 326 through a metallized via, so that the first coupling portion 313 may be electrically connected to the second ground plane 326 through the third coupling portion 322. Wherein, the third coupling parts 322 may be provided with two groups, each group including two third coupling parts 322. The two sets of third coupling parts 322 may be electrically connected to the two sets of first coupling parts 313 in one-to-one correspondence. In addition, the third coupling part 322 and the first coupling part 313 may be pads, and the third coupling part 322 and the first coupling part 313 may be electrically connected by soldering.

The fourth coupling portion 323 may be electrically connected to the second coupling portion 314, and the fourth coupling portion 323 is further electrically connected to the guiding portion 328, so that the fourth coupling portion 323 may be electrically connected to the first connection pad 329 on the opposite side of the second board 32 through the guiding portion 328, and further, the second coupling portion 314 may be electrically connected to the first connection pad 329 on the opposite side of the second board 32 through the fourth coupling portion 323. The fourth coupling portion 323 and the second coupling portion 314 may be pads, and the fourth coupling portion 323 and the second coupling portion 314 are electrically connected by welding.

In order to facilitate the fixed connection of the first plate 31 and the second plate 32, a second protrusion 315 protruding toward the second plate 32 is provided on a side of the first plate 31 for connection with the second plate 32, and the second plate 32 is provided with a second mounting groove 321 for fitting with the second protrusion 315. When it is necessary to fix the first plate 31 to the second plate 32, the second protrusion 315 of the first plate 31 may be inserted into the second mounting groove 321 of the second plate 32. Wherein, the second protrusion 315 and the second mounting groove 321 may be provided with a pair, and correspond one to one. Also, the pair of second protrusions 315 may be centrally disposed, i.e., the pair of second protrusions 315 may be symmetrically disposed along the central portion of the first plate 31; the pair of second mounting grooves 321 may be provided centrally, that is, the pair of second mounting grooves 321 may be symmetrically provided along the central portion of the second plate body 32.

Further, at least a portion of the first coupling portion 313 may be disposed at a surface of the second protrusion 315, and the third coupling portion 322 may be disposed at a circumferential side of the second mounting groove 321, for example, the third coupling portion 322 may be disposed at opposite sides of the second mounting groove 321 in a width direction thereof. Accordingly, when the second protrusion 315 is inserted into the second mounting groove 321, the first coupling portion 313 may be abutted or disposed adjacent to the third coupling portion 322 to facilitate electrical connection of the first coupling portion 313 and the third coupling portion 322. The positions of the second coupling portion 314 and the fourth coupling portion 323 may correspond, that is, after the second protrusion portion 315 is inserted into the second mounting groove 321, the second coupling portion 314 abuts against or is disposed adjacent to the fourth coupling portion 323, so as to facilitate electrical connection of the second coupling portion 314 and the fourth coupling portion 323.

To facilitate the electrical connection of the first antenna 3 with the antenna substrate 1, one end of the second plate 32 may be provided with a fourth connection portion 324, for example, one end of the second plate 32 in the length direction thereof may be provided with a fourth connection portion 324. The fourth connection portions 324 may be provided in two groups, and the two groups of the fourth connection portions 324 are provided at opposite sides of the second plate 32 in the width direction thereof; and each set may include two fourth connecting portions 324, the two fourth connecting portions 324 being disposed on both the front and back sides of the second plate 32 and connected by metallized vias. The antenna substrate 1 may be provided with a fifth connection portion 15, the fifth connection portion 15 being for electrical connection with the fourth connection portion 324 to enable electrical connection of the first antenna 3 with the antenna substrate 1. The fifth connecting portions 15 may be provided in two sets, and the two sets of fifth connecting portions 15 correspond to the two sets of fourth connecting portions 324 one by one. Each set of fifth connecting portions 15 may also include two fifth connecting portions 15. The fourth connection portion 324 and the fifth connection portion 15 may be pads, and the fourth connection portion 324 and the fifth connection portion 15 are electrically connected by soldering.

In order to facilitate the fixed connection of the first antenna 3 and the antenna substrate 1, one end of the second plate body 32 for connection with the antenna substrate 1 may be provided with a third protrusion 325, and the third protrusion 325 extends toward the antenna substrate 1. The antenna substrate 1 is provided with a third mounting groove 14 adapted to the third boss 325. When the first antenna 3 needs to be mounted on the antenna substrate 1, the third protrusion 325 may be inserted into the third mounting groove 14 to achieve a fixed connection of the first antenna 3 and the antenna substrate 1.

Further, at least a portion of the fourth connection portion 324 may be provided at the surface of the third protrusion portion 325, and the fifth connection portion 15 may be provided at the circumferential side of the third mounting groove 14, for example, the fifth connection portion 15 may be provided at opposite sides of the third mounting groove 14 in the width direction thereof. Accordingly, when the third protruding portion 325 is inserted into the third mounting groove 14, the fourth connecting portion 324 and the fifth connecting portion 15 are abutted or adjacently disposed to facilitate connection of the fourth connecting portion 324 and the fifth connecting portion 15.

Referring to fig. 12 and 13, HFSS results show that the VSWR of the first antenna 3 is less than 1.2 in the frequency band of 5.85GHz to 5.95GHz, the maximum gain of the horizontal plane pattern is 5.5dBi, and the gain of the horizontal plane pattern can be greater than 2.0dBi within an angle of plus or minus 60 °. It can be seen that the first antenna 3 of the present invention may have a good gain performance, and when the vehicle-mounted combined antenna of the present invention is mounted on a vehicle, normal communication between the vehicle and the front vehicle may be satisfied.

In some embodiments, the first antenna 3 is made of an FR4 board having a thickness of 0.8mm, i.e., the first board 31 and the second board 32 are each made of an FR4 board having a thickness of 0.8 mm. The FR4 medium antenna is formed by adopting the FR4 board for the first antenna 3, so that the structure of the antenna can be simplified, and the FR4 medium antenna has the advantages of easiness in processing, short period, lower cost, small antenna volume, light weight, various mounting modes and the like.

With further reference to fig. 10, the second antenna 4 comprises opposite front and back sides, the front side of the second antenna 4 facing the first side of the antenna substrate 1. The front surface of the second antenna 4 is provided with a second microstrip line 41, two radiating elements 42, a ground 43, a third microstrip line 44, and a second connection pad 47. The second microstrip line 41 is used to connect the two radiating elements 42 so that the two radiating elements 42 are connected in series. The two radiating elements 42 are connected in series, so that the problems of complex wiring and the like caused by adopting a parallel connection mode can be avoided, and the gain performance of the antenna can be improved by the radiating elements 42 connected in series.

The space between the two radiating elements 42 may be one half of the medium wavelength, so as to reduce the height of the antenna while ensuring the performance of the second antenna 4, and avoid that the antenna needs to reserve a longer space to set the radiating elements 42 due to the overlarge space between the two radiating elements 42.

In addition, at least a portion of the second microstrip line 41 is provided in a bent manner, for example, a portion of the second microstrip line 41 forms a U-shaped bent structure. By adjusting the shape and length of the second microstrip line 41, specifically, by setting a part of the second microstrip line 41 to be a U-shaped bent structure, the phases of the two radiating units 42 can be 180 ° different, so that the two radiating units 42 can radiate in the same direction.

In some embodiments, the radiating element 42 may include a body portion 421 and an adjustment knob 422. The body portion 421 may be a rectangular radiating surface. The adjustment knob 422 may be disposed at an end of the body portion 421 remote from the ground portion 43, and the adjustment knob 422 extends from the body portion 421 in the width direction of the radiation unit 42. Wherein, each radiating element 42 may be provided with two adjustment stubs 422, and the two adjustment stubs 422 are located at opposite ends of the main body 421 in the width direction of the radiating element 42. By adjusting the length of the adjustment branch 422, the actual frequency of the second antenna 4 can be adjusted, and the debugging difficulty of the second antenna 4 can be reduced.

In some embodiments, the radiating element 42 is provided with a second adjustment slot 423. The provision of the second adjustment slot 423 may be used to adjust the bandwidth of the radiating element 42. The second adjusting groove 423 may be a U-shaped groove, and the width and length of the second adjusting groove 423 may be adjusted as required, i.e. after the second adjusting groove 423 is adjusted, the second antenna 4 meets the required bandwidth requirement.

One end of the third microstrip line 44 is connected to the radiating element 42, the other end is connected to the second connection pad 47, and the third microstrip line 44 extends from the radiating element 42 connected thereto in a direction toward the ground 43. The second connection pad 47 may be electrically connected to a core wire of the radio frequency signal line, for example, the second connection pad 47 is soldered to the core wire of the radio frequency signal line.

The grounding part 43 is connected with a third grounding pad 432, and the third grounding pad 432 is used for being electrically connected with a shielding layer of a radio frequency signal line, for example, the third grounding pad 432 is welded to the shielding layer of the radio frequency signal line. In addition, the grounding part 43 is further provided with a third adjusting groove 431 for avoiding the third microstrip line 44, and the third adjusting groove 431 may be a rectangular groove. By adjusting the length and/or width of the third adjusting slot 431 to change the distance between the grounding part 43 and the third microstrip line 44, the adjustment of the impedance matching of the second antenna 4 can be further realized, so that the second antenna 4 has good broadband characteristics in the whole working frequency band.

Referring to fig. 14 and 15, HFSS results show that the VSWR of the second antenna 4 is less than 1.2 in the frequency band of 5.85GHz to 5.95GHz, the maximum gain of the horizontal plane pattern is 4.7dBi, and the out-of-roundness of the horizontal plane pattern is less than 1.0dBi. It can be seen that the second antenna 4 of the present invention may have a good gain performance, and when the vehicle-mounted combined antenna of the present invention is mounted on a vehicle, normal communication between the vehicle and a following vehicle may be satisfied.

In some embodiments, the second antenna 4 is fabricated using an FR4 board having a thickness of 0.8 mm. The FR4 medium antenna is formed by adopting the FR4 board for the second antenna 4, so that the structure of the antenna can be simplified, and the FR4 medium antenna has the advantages of easiness in processing, short period, lower cost, small antenna volume, light weight, various mounting modes and the like.

To facilitate the electrical connection of the second antenna 4 with the antenna substrate 1, one end of the second antenna 4 for connection with the antenna substrate 1 is provided with a sixth connection portion 45, and the sixth connection portion 45 may be provided with two, two sixth connection portions 45 being located at opposite sides of the second antenna 4 in the width direction thereof. The antenna substrate 1 is provided with a seventh connection portion 17. The seventh connection portion 17 is for electrically connecting with the sixth connection portion 45 to realize electrical connection of the second antenna 4 with the antenna substrate 1. The seventh connection portion 17 and the sixth connection portion 45 may be pads, and the seventh connection portion 17 and the sixth connection portion 45 are electrically connected by soldering.

In order to facilitate the fixed connection of the second antenna 4 with the antenna substrate 1, the end of the second antenna 4 connected with the antenna substrate 1 may be provided with a fourth protrusion 46, and the fourth protrusion 46 extends toward the antenna substrate 1. The antenna substrate 1 is provided with a fourth mounting groove 16 adapted to the fourth boss 46. When the second antenna 4 needs to be mounted on the antenna substrate 1, the fourth protrusion 46 may be inserted into the fourth mounting groove 16 to achieve a fixed connection of the second antenna 4 and the antenna substrate 1.

Further, at least a portion of the sixth connecting portion 45 may be provided on the surface of the fourth protruding portion 46, and the seventh connecting portion 17 may be provided on the circumferential side of the fourth mounting groove 16, for example, at least a portion of the seventh connecting portion 17 surrounds the fourth mounting groove 16. When the fourth protrusion 46 is inserted into the fourth mounting groove 16, the sixth connection portion 45 and the seventh connection portion 17 are abutted or adjacently disposed so as to facilitate connection of the sixth connection portion 45 and the seventh connection portion 17.

The positioning antenna 2 may be a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System ) antenna. In addition, the positioning antenna 2 may be a single-feed point circularly polarized antenna, and may be a single-frequency antenna. The working frequency band of the positioning antenna 2 may include 1559MHz to 1610MHz, so that the positioning antenna 2 may cover a GPS L1 frequency band, a beidou B1 frequency band, a Glonass L1 frequency band, and a Galileo L1 frequency band. By setting the positioning antenna 2 as a single-feed point circularly polarized antenna, an orthogonal feed network such as a power divider, a phase shifter and the like is not required to be connected with the positioning antenna 2, and the structure of the vehicle-mounted combined antenna is simplified. The size of the dielectric antenna for realizing the positioning function in the positioning antenna 2 may be 25mmx25mmx4mm.

The invention also provides an automobile, which comprises the vehicle-mounted combined antenna. The vehicle may be provided with shark fins on the roof of the vehicle and the vehicle mounted combination antenna may be mounted in the shark fins on the roof of the vehicle.

While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made therein by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, all such changes being within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (16)

1. The vehicle-mounted combined antenna is characterized by comprising an antenna substrate (1), a positioning antenna (2) fixedly connected to the antenna substrate (1), and a first antenna (3), a second antenna (4) and a communication antenna (5) which are vertically connected to the antenna substrate (1); the first antenna (3) and the second antenna (4) both comprise a V2X working frequency band; the antenna comprises an antenna substrate (1), a first antenna (3), a communication antenna (5), a positioning antenna (2) and a second antenna (4), wherein the first antenna (3), the communication antenna (5), the positioning antenna (2) and the second antenna (4) are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the antenna substrate (1), the first antenna (3) is arranged at one end facing the head of a vehicle, and the second antenna (4) is arranged at one end facing the tail of the vehicle.

2. The vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna substrate (1) comprises a first side and a second side opposite in the width direction thereof, the first antenna (3) and the second antenna (4) are each centrally arranged in the width direction of the antenna substrate (1), the communication antenna (5) is adjacent to the first side of the antenna substrate (1), and the positioning antenna (2) is adjacent to the second side of the antenna substrate (1).

3. The vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the communication antenna (5) comprises a low-frequency branch (51) and a high-frequency branch (52), at least a part of the low-frequency branch (51) extending in the circumferential direction of the communication antenna (5); the high-frequency branch (52) is arranged in the middle of the communication antenna (5).

4. A vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that a first adjusting groove (53) is arranged between the low-frequency branch (51) and the high-frequency branch (52), and the first adjusting groove (53) can adjust the frequency and/or impedance matching of the low-frequency branch (51) and the high-frequency branch (52) through size change;

and/or the frequency of the high-frequency branch (52) comprises 1710 MHz-2690 MHz and 3300-5000 MHz; the frequency of the low-frequency branch (51) comprises 698 MHz-960 MHz.

5. A vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that the end of the high-frequency branch (52) is provided with a bevel portion (521), the bevel portion (521) being used for adjusting the impedance matching of the high-frequency branch (52).

6. A vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that a side of the communication antenna (5) connected to the antenna substrate (1) is provided with a first connection portion (54), a first feed point portion (55) and a first protruding portion (56) extending towards the antenna substrate (1);

the antenna substrate (1) is provided with a second connecting part (12), a third connecting part (13) and a first mounting groove (11) used for being matched with the first protruding part (56), the second connecting part (12) is electrically connected with the first feeding point part (55), and the third connecting part (13) is electrically connected with the first connecting part (54).

7. The vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first antenna (3) comprises a first plate body (31) and a second plate body (32) which are connected with each other, the first plate body (31) is provided with a radiation part (311), a separation groove (3111) is arranged in the middle of the radiation part (311), and the separation groove (3111) separates the radiation part (311) to form two first bending branches (3112).

8. The vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that the first board body (31) is further provided with a first microstrip line (312), the first microstrip line (312) and the radiation portion (311) being provided on opposite sides of the first board body (31); -the first microstrip line (312) is capable of generating a coupling feed with the separation slot (3111);

and/or the length of the first bending branch (3112) is one quarter of the medium wavelength;

and/or the first plate body (31) is perpendicular to the second plate body (32).

9. The vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that a side of the first board body (31) connected to the second board body (32) is provided with a first coupling portion (313), a second coupling portion (314) connected to the first microstrip line (312), and a second protruding portion (315) extending toward the second board body (32);

the second board body (32) includes a second mounting groove (321) for receiving the second protrusion (315), a third coupling portion (322) for electrically connecting with the first coupling portion (313), and a fourth coupling portion (323) for electrically connecting with the second coupling portion (314).

10. The vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to claim 8, wherein one end of the second plate body (32) connected to the antenna substrate (1) is provided with a fourth connection portion (324) and a third protruding portion (325) extending toward the antenna substrate (1);

the antenna substrate (1) is provided with a third mounting groove (14) that mates with the third protruding portion (325), and a fifth connecting portion (15) for electrically connecting the fourth connecting portion (324).

11. The vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the second antenna (4) comprises a second microstrip line (41) and two radiating elements (42); the second microstrip line (41) is connected with the two radiating units (42), and at least one part of the second microstrip line (41) is bent.

12. The vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to claim 11, wherein the radiating element (42) includes a main body portion (421) and an adjustment stub (422) extending from the main body portion (421) in a width direction of the radiating element (42), the adjustment stub (422) being for adjusting a frequency of the radiating element (42);

and/or the radiation unit (42) is provided with a second regulating groove (423);

and/or two of said radiating elements (42) are separated by a half of the medium wavelength.

13. The vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that the second antenna (4) is further provided with a grounding part (43) and a third microstrip line (44) connected with the radiating element (42), the third microstrip line (44) extends towards the grounding part (43), and the grounding part (43) is provided with a third adjusting groove (431) avoiding the third microstrip line (44).

14. The vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that an end of the second antenna (4) connected to the antenna substrate (1) is provided with a sixth connection portion (45) and a fourth protruding portion (46) extending toward the antenna substrate (1);

the antenna substrate (1) is provided with a fourth mounting groove (16) that mates with the fourth protruding portion (46), and a seventh connecting portion (17) for electrically connecting the sixth connecting portion (45).

15. The vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first antenna (3), the second antenna (4) and the communication antenna (5) are manufactured by using an FP4 board;

and/or the positioning antenna (2) is a single-feed point circularly polarized antenna.

16. An automobile comprising the vehicle-mounted combined antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 15.