CN117394043A - High-gain antenna design method with variable beam width - Google Patents
High-gain antenna design method with variable beam width Download PDFInfo
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- CN117394043A CN117394043A CN202311418897.5A CN202311418897A CN117394043A CN 117394043 A CN117394043 A CN 117394043A CN 202311418897 A CN202311418897 A CN 202311418897A CN 117394043 A CN117394043 A CN 117394043A
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- antenna
- reflecting surface
- beam width
- feed source
- source array
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/002—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing at least two patterns of different beamwidth; Variable beamwidth antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-gain antenna design method with variable beam width, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The method comprises the following steps: determining the caliber of the reflector antenna according to the requirements of the antenna on gain and beam width, estimating the equivalent radiation caliber required by the feed source array unit according to the working frequency and the beam width and combining the reflector antenna model, and determining the physical size of the feed source array; selecting a proper strong coupling array unit according to the physical size of the feed source array; the performance of the reflector antenna is used as a target, and an optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize the feed source array unit, so that beams with different beam widths can be formed after different amplitude and phase weights are carried out on each array element, and the performance of various beams is optimal. According to the invention, different amplitude and phase weights are carried out on each array element, so that the synthetic directional diagram with different beam widths is obtained, and then the areas with different sizes of the reflecting surface antenna can be irradiated, and finally the beam width of the antenna is changed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a method for designing a high-gain antenna with variable beam width.
Background
The rapid growth of communication service demands, high-throughput satellite systems on geosynchronous orbit (GEO), have become a big research hotspot in the field of space communication technology today, and satellite-borne antennas are more challenging as a key component of the system. The satellite orbit is of a fixed altitude, covering the range of areas of different sizes, with different antenna beamwidths being required. Therefore, the satellite-borne antenna needs to have the function of adjustable beam width so as to meet coverage areas with different sizes.
A common high gain satellite antenna is a small parabolic antenna. While the beam width of a parabolic antenna may be approximated as:
wherein lambda is the working wavelength, and D is the caliber of the parabolic antenna. It can be seen that the beam width of the antenna is related to the parabolic aperture size and the operating frequency. Therefore, when the working frequency is fixed, the traditional method for adjusting the beam width of the antenna only changes the caliber of the antenna, namely, a new antenna is replaced, so that triple waste of manpower, material resources and financial resources is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-gain antenna design method with variable beam width, which breaks through the limitation of antenna caliber and working frequency in the common method by combining an array with a reflecting surface, changes the beam width of a synthesized beam by carrying out different amplitude-phase weights on each unit by utilizing the flexible characteristic of the array, further irradiates areas with different sizes of the reflecting surface, realizes the adjustment of the beam width, and is suitable for antennas with high gain and adjustable beam width requirements.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a variable beam width high gain antenna design method, wherein, the high gain antenna package, the reflecting surface and the array feed source, comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining the aperture of the reflecting surface antenna according to the requirements of the antenna on gain and beam width,
step 2, according to the working frequency and the beam width, the equivalent radiation caliber required by the feed source array unit is estimated by combining the reflecting surface antenna model, and the physical size of the feed source array is determined;
step 3, selecting a proper strong coupling array unit according to the physical size of the feed source array;
and 4, optimizing the feed source array unit by adopting an optimization algorithm with the performance of the reflecting surface antenna as a target, so that beams with different beam widths can be formed by carrying out different amplitude-phase weighting on each array element, and the performance of various beams is optimal.
Further, the reflecting surface antenna in the step 1 is a single reflecting surface antenna or a multi-reflecting surface antenna, and the reflecting surface antenna adopts positive feed or offset feed; the aperture ratio Jiao Jing of the reflecting surface is determined by the multi-reflecting surface antenna.
Further, the strong coupling array unit comprises a Vivaldi unit, a dipole unit with an toe-crossing structure and a chess board array unit.
Further, the types of the optimization algorithm in the step 4 include a genetic algorithm, a global optimization algorithm and a local optimization algorithm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention breaks through the thinking that the beam width of the antenna is adjusted by changing the caliber and the working frequency of the reflecting surface antenna, and obtains the synthesized directional diagram with different beam widths by carrying out different amplitude-phase weights on each array element, thereby irradiating the areas with different sizes of the reflecting surface antenna and finally changing the beam width of the antenna.
2. Shielding of the feed and the secondary reflecting surface can be reduced or eliminated by design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a feed-forward parabolic antenna to which the present invention is applicable;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gurley antenna to which the present invention is applicable;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Cassegrain antenna suitable for use with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a offset feed parabolic antenna to which the present invention is applicable;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a reflective surface model structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an array model of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of array element sequence numbers according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a normalized pattern of the antenna feed system of an embodiment of the present invention at different weighting coefficients.
In the figure, 1, an array feed source, 2, a main reflecting surface, 3 and a secondary reflecting surface.
Detailed Description
The following description of embodiments of the present invention will be made more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which embodiments, however, are shown in the drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to the antenna type schematic diagrams of fig. 1 to 4, a method for implementing a variable beam width high gain antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining the aperture of the reflecting surface antenna according to the requirements of the antenna on gain and beam width,
step 2, according to the working frequency and the beam width, the equivalent radiation caliber required by the feed source array unit is estimated by combining the reflecting surface antenna model, and the physical size of the feed source array is determined;
step 3, selecting a proper strong coupling array unit according to the physical size of the feed source array;
step 4, optimizing the feed source array unit by adopting an optimization algorithm with the performance of the reflecting surface antenna as a target, so that beams with different beam widths can be formed by carrying out different amplitude-phase weighting on each array element, and the performance of various beams is optimal;
and finishing the design of the array feed source.
The reflecting surface antenna in the step (1) may be a single reflecting surface antenna or a multi-reflecting surface antenna, and the feedforward or the bias feedback are both applicable. For a multi-reflector antenna, the aperture ratio of the main reflector is Jiao Jing;
wherein, the strong coupling array unit in the step (3) comprises, but is not limited to, vivaldi units, dipole units with an toe-crossing structure and chessboard array units;
wherein the optimization algorithm in step (4) includes, but is not limited to, genetic algorithm, global optimization algorithm, and local optimization algorithm.
Referring to fig. 6, a specific embodiment:
caliber of the reflecting surface: 10m; focal diameter ratio of reflecting surface: 0.5; operating frequency: 12.5GHz. The reflection surface model is shown in fig. 5.
The array units adopt single-line polarized open waveguides, the array adopts hexagonal arrangement, 19 units are all arranged, and the unit spacing is 17.28mm. The array model is shown in fig. 6; wherein the waveguide cavity is numbered as shown in figure 7.
Two sets of weighting coefficients are obtained by the algorithm as shown in tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 weighting factor 1
Table 2 weighting factor 2
| Sequence number | Amplitude of amplitude | Phase/° | Sequence number | Amplitude of amplitude | Phase/° | Sequence number | Amplitude of amplitude | Phase/° |
| a | 58241 | -85 | h | 367 | -94 | o | 2289 | -86 |
| b | 24319 | -85 | i | 2252 | -87 | p | 298 | -79 |
| c | 24319 | -84 | j | 297 | -81 | q | 2499 | -82 |
| d | 24319 | -84 | k | 2554 | -81 | r | 298 | -79 |
| e | 24319 | -85 | l | 297 | -81 | s | 2289 | -86 |
| f | 24488 | -84 | m | 2252 | -87 | |||
| g | 24488 | -84 | n | 367 | -94 |
The simulation results are shown in fig. 8. It can be seen that the beam width of the antenna can be changed by changing the weighting coefficient, so that material resources, manpower and financial resources are greatly saved.
Claims (4)
1. The design method of the high-gain antenna with the variable beam width is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, determining the aperture of the reflecting surface antenna according to the requirements of the antenna on gain and beam width,
step 2, according to the working frequency and the beam width, the equivalent radiation caliber required by the feed source array unit is estimated by combining the reflecting surface antenna model, and the physical size of the feed source array is determined;
step 3, selecting a proper strong coupling array unit according to the physical size of the feed source array;
and 4, optimizing the feed source array unit by adopting an optimization algorithm with the performance of the reflecting surface antenna as a target, so that beams with different beam widths can be formed by carrying out different amplitude-phase weighting on each array element, and the performance of various beams is optimal.
2. The method for designing a variable beam width high gain antenna according to claim 1, wherein the reflecting surface antenna in step 1 is a single reflecting surface antenna or a multi-reflecting surface antenna, and the reflecting surface antenna adopts a feed forward or a bias feed; the aperture ratio Jiao Jing of the reflecting surface is determined by the multi-reflecting surface antenna.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the strongly coupled array elements comprise Vivaldi elements, dipole elements of cross-toe structure, and checkerboard array elements.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the types of optimization algorithms in step 4 include genetic algorithm, global optimization algorithm and local optimization algorithm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311418897.5A CN117394043A (en) | 2023-10-30 | 2023-10-30 | High-gain antenna design method with variable beam width |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311418897.5A CN117394043A (en) | 2023-10-30 | 2023-10-30 | High-gain antenna design method with variable beam width |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117394043A true CN117394043A (en) | 2024-01-12 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311418897.5A Pending CN117394043A (en) | 2023-10-30 | 2023-10-30 | High-gain antenna design method with variable beam width |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN117394043A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-10-30 CN CN202311418897.5A patent/CN117394043A/en active Pending
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