CN117392933A - 一种有源矩阵电路以及控制方法 - Google Patents

一种有源矩阵电路以及控制方法 Download PDF

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CN117392933A
CN117392933A CN202311376108.6A CN202311376108A CN117392933A CN 117392933 A CN117392933 A CN 117392933A CN 202311376108 A CN202311376108 A CN 202311376108A CN 117392933 A CN117392933 A CN 117392933A
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vout
alternating current
voltage
output
vcom
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程鑫
詹绍虎
刘荣跃
罗芹
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Tsmc Shenzhen Technology Investment Co ltd
Southwest University of Science and Technology
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Southwest University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种有源矩阵电路，包括第一源极输入端口Vs和第一栅极输入端口Vg，所述第一源极输入端口Vs外部连接源极驱动电路；所述第一栅极输入端口Vg外部连接栅极驱动电路；发明提出了新的技术路线——传统有源矩阵结合新式外电源接法的反相器，以实现有源矩阵的帧内交流输出，从根本上增加了交流输出信号的频率调整范围，以及增加了调整交流输出信号波形的能力。

Description

一种有源矩阵电路以及控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及数字液滴微流控领域，尤其涉及一种应用于数字液滴微流控领域的有源矩阵电路以及控制方法。
背景技术
传统有源矩阵的成熟应用领域主要是显示器。除手机、平板、电脑、电视等传统设备外，有源矩阵在智能穿戴设备(智能手表、智能头盔)、车载显示(汽车仪表盘、挡风玻璃)、虚拟现实眼镜、柔性屏幕等新兴领域也被广泛应用。
对于传统有源矩阵的像素电路，从栅极输入高电平开始，直到下一个周期的高电平到来前，电容上的电压只能保持相对稳定的直流电压。在下一个周期的栅极高电平到来后，源极电压极性翻转，使电容电压极性翻转。这样，一个交流方波电压输出的周期就完成了。换句话说，传统有源矩阵需要通过帧刷新的方式，使每个像素输出电压不停翻转极性，来达到交流驱动的目的。
虽然传统的有源矩阵能输出交流驱动信号，但这是通过逐帧刷新改变源极输入电压极性的方式实现的，交流信号的频率受到刷新频率的限制。而对于大型矩阵来说，其刷新频率很难超过100Hz，否则将导致电容充放电不充分等问题。而且，在单个帧周期内，像素输出的电压信号是直流信号，因此，传统的有源矩阵的交流输出是伪交流输出。另外，传统有缘矩阵的交流输出波形只能是方波。
在数字液滴微流控领域，有源矩阵被应用于液滴运动的控制。含有生物大分子(如蛋白质、DNA)的液滴长时间在单极性电压的作用下，会发生生物大分子嵌入电极疏水层的现象，造成电极污染。电极的生物大分子污染会进一步引发一系列问题，如液滴操作效率下降、液滴残留、测试实验结果准确性下降等。因此，数字液滴微流控芯片同样需要能输出交流驱动信号的有源矩阵。
为达到有效减少甚至消除电极污染问题的目的，数字液滴微流控芯片对有源矩阵驱动电压的频率范围提出了更高的要求(1～100kHz)。另外，大型液滴矩阵也是数字液滴微流控芯片的发展方向。因此，传统有源矩阵实现交流输出的技术路线——帧刷新法，无法满足数字液滴微流控的需求。现有技术中，缺少一种新的有源矩阵像素电路，实现单帧内的真正的交流输出，且可大范围调节流输出频率，以及输出各种交流波形。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种新的有源矩阵像素电路，实现单帧内真正的交流输出，大范围提高交流输出频率，并输出各种交流波形。
基于上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种有源矩阵电路，包括第一源极输入端口Vs和第一栅极输入端口Vg，所述第一源极输入端口Vs外部连接源极驱动电路；所述第一栅极输入端口Vg外部连接栅极驱动电路；
所述第一源极输入端口Vs一端通过第一薄膜晶体管T0与所述第一源极输入端口Vs相连接，另一端通过一存储电容CST接地，所述第一薄膜晶体管T0与所述存储电容CST之间形成一个间接输出端，所述间接输出端外接一反相器电路；
所述反相器电路包括反相器输入端和最终输出端Vout，所述反向器输入端包括第一输入端Vac和第二输入端Vcom，所述第一输入端搭载一交流电源电压Vac，所述第二输入端外接直流电源电压Vcom；所述第一输入端Vac通过第一负载薄膜晶体管T1连接最终输出端Vou，所述第二输入端Vcom与所述间接输出端通过第二驱动薄膜晶体管T2连接最终输出端Vout；
所述直流电源电压Vcom为所述交流电源Vac电压的直流搭载电压。
较优的，所述第一负载薄膜晶体管T1的栅极和漏极短接。
本发明还提供一种有源矩阵电路控制方法，根据微液滴的运动控制需求，对有源矩阵电路进行控制，包括以下步骤：
(1)根据预设的工作交流电源电压，控制Vcom端始终输入恒定电压，Vac端始终输入交流电压；以Vcom作为输出电压的参考点；预设Vout为Vac时，输出的相对电压为无直流搭载的纯交流信号；预设Vout为Vcom时，输出的相对电压为0V，(2)(21)(22)(23)(24)中的Vout均为以Vcom为参考点的相对电压。
(2)根据微液滴的运动需求，判断驱动微液滴运动需要Vout输出的交流电信号，并按照以下步骤控制Vout输出相应的交流电信号：
(21)当需要Vout由0V变成交流信号时，控制Vg为高电平，并控制Vs由高电平变更为低电平；
(22)当需要Vout由交流信号变成0V时，控制Vg为高电平，并控制Vs由低电平变更为高电平；
(23)当需要Vout持续保持0V时，控制当Vout形成0V输出后，控制Vg为低电平；
(24)当需要Vout持续保持交流信号时，控制当Vout形成交流信号后，控制Vg为低电平。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提出了新的技术路线——传统有源矩阵结合新式外电源接法的反相器，以实现有源矩阵的帧内交流输出，从根本上提高了交流输出信号的频率。其中，T0和存储电容C构成开关，为反相器指定高电平或者低电平的输入。T1和T2构成增强型负载TFT反相器。反相器一端接Vcom(交流输出的中间电势)，一端接交流源Vac。第一级开关受外电路，即栅极驱动器的控制，它决定了本像素在在一帧周期内输出的是有效信号(交流电压)还是无效信号(Vcom，等于另一个极板的电压，因此两极板的电压差为0V)。
本发明中的像素电路与传统的有源矩阵控制电路有非常高的兼容性。可以直接将相关端口连接到传统有源矩阵控制电路的对应驱动器进行控制和驱动，具体如下：像素电路的Vg端口连接控制电路栅极驱动器，像素电路的Vs端口连接控制电路的源极驱动器。Vg和Vs是本像素电路的控制信号端口，负责控制信号的输入。
此外，相较于传统的有源矩阵像素电路，本发明中的像素电路需要两个额外端口，Vcom和Vac。其中Vcom接恒压源，Vac接交流源。Vcom和Vac是本像素电路的基准电压端口，规定了输出信号的类型(AC/DC)和伏值。这样设计使得本交流有源矩阵输出的交流电信号非常准确，与正常的直流有源矩阵电路输出信号精确度没有差异，且与传统的交流有源矩阵而言，也无需进行帧刷新，控制电源极性翻转，形成真正的交流电信号输出，且可大范围调节流输出频率，以及输出各种交流波形。本专利应用在数字液滴微流控领域实现微液滴控制时，可以防止生物大分子嵌入电极疏水层的现象，造成电极污染。并且本方案无需进行帧刷新，可以直接实现大型液滴矩阵和数字液滴微流控芯片的控制需求。另外，在输出交流信号时，由于Vout完全跟随Vac，所以只要调整Vac端的输入波形，就能得到同样波形的交流输出。这是对传统有源矩阵的另一项重大突破，为本发明提供了更多的潜在应用领域。
附图说明
图1是本发明一具体实施方式的结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例二交流输出有源矩阵单像素电路的时序图示意图
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例一
本实施例中，提供本发明具体提供的有源矩阵电路单元示意图。
如图1所示，一种有源矩阵电路，其中，T0～T2为薄膜晶体管，C为电容，A代表电路节点。这个电路可以分为两级结构。包括第一源极输入端口Vs和第一栅极输入端口Vg，第一源极输入端口Vs外部连接源极驱动电路；第一栅极输入端口Vg外部连接栅极驱动电路；
第一源极输入端口Vs一端通过第一薄膜晶体管T0与第一源极输入端口Vs相连接，另一端通过一存储电容CST接地，第一薄膜晶体管T0与存储电容CST之间形成一个间接输出端，间接输出端外接一反相器电路；
反相器电路包括反相器输入端和最终输出端Vout，反向器输入端包括第一输入端Vac和第二输入端Vcom，第一输入端搭载一交流电源电压Vac，第二输入端外接直流电源电压Vcom；第一输入端Vac通过第一负载薄膜晶体管T1连接最终输出端Vout，第二输入端Vcom与间接输出端通过第二驱动薄膜晶体管T2连接最终输出端Vout；
直流电源电压Vcom为交流电源Vac电压的直流搭载电压。
工作时，首先，T0和C构成常见的传统有源矩阵像素等效电路，这里称为输入级。Vg控制T0的开启和关断，Vs在T0导通时为电容C充放电。其次，T1和T2构成增强型负载TFT反相器，T1为负载管，T2为驱动管。反相器的输出端即为像素电路的输出端。这级反相器的工作原理和逻辑电路中的反相器并无差别，但其工作环境(外接电源)不同于逻辑电路反相器。逻辑电路中的反相器其中两端分别外接高电平Vdd和低电平Vss(一般等于0)，而此处的反相器一端外接Vcom(其值等于输出交流电压的直流搭载电压，如：输出为0～40V的交流电，则Vcom＝20V)；另一端外接Vac(交流源，其振幅一般稍大于输出交流电压，频率等于输出交流电的频率)。值得注意的是，由于T1的栅极和漏极短接，所以T1始终处于微导通状态。当节点A为低电平时，T2关闭，则输出电压跟随Vac。当节点A为高电平时，T2导通，其阻值远小于T1，所以输出等于Vcom。
实施例二
本实施例中，提供一种有源电路控制方法，对前述有源矩阵电路进行控制，包括以下步骤：
(1)根据预设的工作交流电源电压，控制Vcom端始终输入恒定电压，Vac端始终输入交流电压；以Vcom作为输出电压的参考点；预设Vout为Vac时，输出的相对电压为无直流搭载的纯交流信号；预设Vout为Vcom时，输出的相对电压为0V，(2)(21)(22)(23)(24)中的Vout均为以Vcom为参考点的相对电压。
(2)根据微液滴的运动需求，判断驱动微液滴运动需要Vout输出的交流电信号，并按照以下步骤控制Vout输出相应的交流电信号：
(21)当需要Vout由0V变成交流信号时，控制Vg为高电平，并控制Vs由高电平变更为低电平；
(22)当需要Vout由交流信号变成0V时，控制Vg为高电平，并控制Vs由低电平变更为高电平；
(23)当需要Vout持续保持0V时，控制当Vout形成0V输出后，控制Vg为低电平；
(24)当需要Vout持续保持交流信号时，控制当vout形成交流信号后，控制Vg为低电平。
具体而言，以下提供具体的一个操控实例，如图2，对于本发明中设计的像素电路，Vg为栅极输入端口，受栅极驱动器控制，Vs为源极输入端口，受源极驱动器控制，Vcom端始终输入恒定电压，Vac端始终输入交流电压。
在t0～t1时段，Vg输入低电平，则T0关断，电容C上保持原电压(这里假设初始状态为低电平)。则节点A为低电平，T2关断，输出端输出电压跟随Vac，即输出交流电。
在t1～t3时段，Vg输入高电平，则T0开启，电容C上电压受Vs控制。其中t1～t2时段Vs输入低电平，则C仍保持低电平，VA以及Vout均保持不变；在t2～t3时段，Vs输入高电平为电容C充电，则VA上升为高电平，T2导通，输出端电压等于Vcom。
在t3～t8时段，Vg输入低电平，T0关断，此时不管Vs如何变化，电路各节点电压均保持不变，输出亦保持不变。
在t8～t10时段，Vg输入高电平，T0再次开启。在t9时刻，Vs由高电平转为低电平，电容C通过T0放电，也降为低电平，则反相器输出电压为Vac。
在t10～t14时段，Vg转为低电平。此时Vs的变化不会对输出造成影响。T14～t19时段，电路工作原理与上述部分相同，本发明中的像素电路与传统的有源矩阵控制电路有非常高的兼容性。可以直接将相关端口连接到传统有源矩阵控制电路的对应驱动器进行控制和驱动，具体如下：像素电路的Vg端口连接控制电路栅极驱动器，像素电路的Vs端口连接控制电路的源极驱动器。Vg和Vs是本像素电路的控制信号端口，负责控制信号的输入。此外，相较于传统的有源矩阵像素电路，本发明中的像素电路需要两个额外端口，Vcom和Vac。其中Vcom接恒压源，Vac接交流源。Vcom和Vac是本像素电路的基准电压端口，规定了输出信号的类型(AC/DC)和伏值，传统有源矩阵的时序控制对本发明中的像素电路完全适用，此处不再赘述。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种有源矩阵电路，其特征是：包括第一源极输入端口Vs和第一栅极输入端口Vg，所述第一源极输入端口Vs外部连接源极驱动电路；所述第一栅极输入端口Vg外部连接栅极驱动电路；
所述第一源极输入端口Vs一端通过第一薄膜晶体管T0与所述第一源极输入端口Vs相连接，另一端通过一存储电容CST接地，所述第一薄膜晶体管T0与所述存储电容CST之间形成一个间接输出端，所述间接输出端外接一反相器电路；
所述反相器电路包括反相器输入端和最终输出端Vout，所述反向器输入端包括第一输入端Vac和第二输入端Vcom，所述第一输入端搭载一交流电源电压Vac，所述第二输入端外接直流电源电压Vcom；所述第一输入端Vac通过第一负载薄膜晶体管T1连接最终输出端Vout，所述第二输入端Vcom与所述间接输出端通过第二驱动薄膜晶体管T2连接最终输出端Vout；
所述直流电源电压Vcom为所述交流电源Vac电压的直流搭载电压。
2.如权利要求1所述的有源矩阵电路，其特征是，所述第一负载薄膜晶体管T1的栅极和漏极短接。
3.一种有源矩阵电路控制方法，其特征是：对如权利要求1至2任一项所述的有源矩阵电路进行控制，包括以下步骤：
(1)根据预设的工作交流电源电压，控制Vcom端始终输入恒定电压，Vac端始终输入交流电压；以Vcom作为输出电压的参考点；预设Vout为Vac时，输出的相对电压为无直流搭载的纯交流信号；预设Vout为Vcom时，输出的相对电压为0V，(2)(21)(22)(23)(24)中的Vout均为以Vcom为参考点的相对电压。
(2)根据微液滴的运动需求，判断驱动微液滴运动需要Vout输出的交流电信号，并按照以下步骤控制Vout输出相应的交流电信号：
(21)当需要Vout由0V变成交流信号时，控制Vg为高电平，并控制Vs由高电平变更为低电平；
(22)当需要Vout由交流信号变成0V时，控制Vg为高电平，并控制Vs由低电平变更为高电平；
(23)当需要Vout持续保持0V时，控制当Vout形成0V输出后，控制Vg为低电平；
(24)当需要Vout持续保持交流信号时，控制当Vout形成交流信号后，控制Vg为低电平。
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