CN117385428A - Method for electrochemical plating of brittle nickel by using superhard abrasive - Google Patents
Method for electrochemical plating of brittle nickel by using superhard abrasive Download PDFInfo
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- CN117385428A CN117385428A CN202311247341.4A CN202311247341A CN117385428A CN 117385428 A CN117385428 A CN 117385428A CN 202311247341 A CN202311247341 A CN 202311247341A CN 117385428 A CN117385428 A CN 117385428A
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 37
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynenickel Chemical compound [P].[Ni] OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of superhard abrasive surface processing technology, and particularly relates to a method for electrochemical plating of brittle nickel by using a superhard abrasive. The invention forms an on-line foaming process by adjusting the pH of hydrochloric acid and plating solution and other related parameters by utilizing the different solubilities of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate and the different pH values in aqueous solution, and the honeycomb brittle nickel is plated on the surface of the superhard abrasive material in an electrochemical way. The nickel plating product on the surface of the superhard material prepared by the method has both toughness and brittleness, the pure nickel plating protective film is enough to protect the superhard material from being damaged in the tool processing process, the product has good performance, the foaming agent solution used in the nickel plating process can be used as electrolyte in the plating solution, the whole process is safe and environment-friendly, and the existing environment-friendly concept is met. The nickel-plated diamond is applied to diamond tools such as elastic modules, ceramic grinding wheels, wire saws and the like, and can remarkably improve the grinding performance and the service life of the tools.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of superhard abrasive surface processing technology, and particularly relates to a method for electrochemical plating of brittle nickel by using a superhard abrasive.
Background
The super-abrasive surface metallization process is widely applied to the fields of sawing, drilling and grinding and the like by virtue of excellent performance. The traditional method for metallizing the surface of the superhard material comprises vapor plating, electroplating and chemical plating; in addition, in recent years, magnetron sputtering plating is also applied to metallization of superhard material surfaces as a novel plating technique.
In the traditional superhard material surface metallization process, nickel plating is a common plating means, wherein in the traditional nickel plating process, a layer of metallic titanium is firstly evaporated on the superhard material surface to enable the superhard material to conduct electricity, then a layer of nickel-phosphorus alloy is deposited on the superhard material surface through a series of sensitization and activation processes by adopting a chemical deposition method, and then the superhard material surface is placed on barrel plating equipment to carry out barrel plating so as to achieve certain weight increment, and then qualified products are produced according to the standard through the processes of washing, drying, screening and the like. The traditional superhard material nickel plating process belongs to the field of low-temperature plating, has relatively little damage to the environment, and can recycle or easily recycle the used materials; meanwhile, the electroplated layer is compact, so that the damage of the tool to the superhard material in the processing process can be guaranteed to the greatest extent, but the manufactured tool is slow in sharpening, sticky and poor in sharpness due to the higher compactness.
The traditional chemical nickel plating process is generally that superhard material is pretreated, placed in a reaction kettle, added with various chemicals according to a certain process, controlled in pH within a certain range, and subjected to chemical reactions in a certain range to obtain semi-finished products, wherein the main component of the plating layer is nickel-phosphorus alloy, and qualified products are produced according to the standard through procedures such as washing, drying, screening and the like. The traditional chemical nickel plating layer has good performance by combining brittleness and toughness; but the compactness is poor, the protection of superhard materials in the tool processing process is poorer than that of electroplating, meanwhile, the chemical nickel plating reaction process also needs to be accurately controlled, if unqualified products are liable to occur by a little carelessness, in addition, chemical medicines used in the chemical nickel plating are disposable, and particularly phosphorus-containing wastewater causes great harm to the environment and does not accord with the current environmental protection concept.
Therefore, a new plating process is required to be searched for the superhard material, so that the compactness of the superhard material is ensured, and meanwhile, the brittleness, toughness, strength and other properties of a plating layer are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a green and environment-friendly method for electrochemical plating of brittle nickel by using a superhard abrasive, which aims at overcoming the defects in the existing nickel plating process, so that the prepared nickel plating layer can improve the performances of brittleness, toughness, strength and the like of the plating layer while ensuring good compactness.
The invention also provides the nickel plating superhard material prepared by the method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for electrochemical plating of brittle nickel by using a superhard abrasive, comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing a foaming agent solution: dissolving sodium carbonate in water to prepare a foaming agent solution (specifically, putting sodium carbonate in deionized water, stirring and dissolving under the water bath condition of 20-25 ℃ to obtain the foaming agent solution);
(2) Vacuum pre-plating chromium: plating a conductive metal chromium layer on the surface of the superhard abrasive material before electrochemical nickel plating;
(3) Electrochemical nickel plating: after pre-plating chromium, the superhard material is placed on barrel plating equipment for electrochemical nickel plating, and the specific steps are as follows:
washing the superhard abrasive with deionized water at 30-50 ℃ for 4-6 times, then placing the superhard abrasive in a baking oven for drying, then airing to normal temperature, adding the dried material into a foaming agent solution, stirring, and after the superhard abrasive and the foaming agent solution are uniformly stirred, starting to dropwise add hydrochloric acid until tiny bubbles are generated;
taking out the superhard abrasive from the foaming agent solution, adding the superhard abrasive into a barrel plating barrel as soon as possible, adding electroplating solution, adjusting the pH to 3.8-4.1, adjusting the current to 20-30A and the voltage to 10-15V, and performing electrochemical plating on nickel, wherein at the moment, the cathode and the anode are put into the electroplating solution together; the anode is a nickel plate, and the cathode is a copper bar; when the pH value of the solution exceeds 5.0, the electroplating power supply is turned off, and the superhard abrasive is taken out, namely a primary nickel plating process;
repeating the cleaning, drying, foaming and electrochemical plating processes for several times to obtain a honeycomb brittle nickel plating layer, and obtaining the final nickel plating superhard abrasive.
Specifically, in the step (1), the dosage of sodium carbonate is 60-80 g, and the dosage of deionized water is 300-400 mL.
Specifically, the superhard abrasive in the step (2) is diamond with the granularity of 200/230 and the grade south China ZND2010 series.
Specifically, in the step (2), a vacuum micro-evaporation plating process is adopted for plating chromium on the surface of the superhard abrasive material, so that chromium carbide chemical bonds are formed between metal chromium and diamond, thereby facilitating the formation of metal bonds between subsequent chromium and nickel layers, improving the plating strength of plating brittle nickel while increasing the conductivity of diamond, and increasing the holding force of a diamond tool working layer on the diamond tool working layer; the chromium plating temperature is 850-900 ℃, the chromium plating time is 8-10 hours, and when the vacuum degree reaches 6.5 x 10 -3 pa starts the operation process, and the weight ratio of the chromium powder to the superhard abrasive is (0.5-0.9): 1.
specifically, in the step (3), the amount of the nickel plating layer to be weighted is designed and calculated before nickel plating, wherein N50 means that the weight of the plating layer (nickel)/[ the weight of the plating layer (nickel) plus the weight of diamond ] =50%, when the weight of the nickel plating layer (nickel) to be weighted is calculated to be N50, the required electric quantity is 700-750 a ∙ h, the current used for designing is 20-30 a, the voltage is 10-15 v, a barrel plating barrel is used during electrochemical nickel plating, the rotating speed of the barrel plating barrel is 20-40 r/min, the anode used is a nickel plate, the purity is greater than or equal to 99%, the length is greater than or equal to 99%, the width is greater than or equal to 400) = (60-80) = (8-12) mm, the cathode is a copper bar, the purity is greater than or equal to 99%, and the length is greater than or equal to width is = (550-600) = (8-12) (-3-6) mm.
Specifically, in the step (3), the addition ratio of the dried superhard abrasive to the foaming agent solution is as follows: and adding 300-4000 carats of super-abrasive into each 2.5 liters of foaming agent solution.
Specifically, in the step (3), after the dried superhard abrasive material is mixed with the foaming agent solution, an automatic stirrer is used for stirring, and the stirring speed is 20-40 r/min.
Specifically, in the step (3), hydrochloric acid is added dropwise, and when tiny bubbles are generated, the addition amount of the hydrochloric acid is about 500 milliliters; the concentration of the added hydrochloric acid is 6-8%.
Specifically, in the step (3), the use amount of the electroplating solution is 5-6 liters; the electroplating solution comprises the following components: 80-130 g/L of nickel sulfate, 100-180 g/L of sodium chloride and 20-40 g/L of boric acid, wherein the weight ratio of the nickel sulfate to the sodium chloride is preferably as follows: 3:3.5:1; the weight ratio of the electroplating solution to the superhard abrasive is 1-1.5 liters/kilogram.
Specifically, in the step (3), when nickel is electrochemically plated, the rotation speed of the barrel plating cylinder is adjusted to 20-40 r/min.
Furthermore, the invention also provides the nickel-plated superhard abrasive material prepared by the method, and particularly the nickel-plated diamond.
Furthermore, based on a general inventive concept, the invention also provides application of the nickel-plated superhard abrasive material in manufacturing diamond tools such as elastic modules, ceramic grinding wheels, wire saws and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for electrochemical plating of brittle nickel by using superhard abrasive adopts an acid electrochemical plating process, so that nickel forms honeycomb shape in the electroplating process, has brittleness and toughness, and can supplement electrolyte of plating solution after hydrochloric acid is added into the residual sodium bicarbonate in the electroplating process.
The nickel plating product on the surface of the superhard material prepared by the method has both toughness and brittleness, the pure nickel plating protective film is enough to protect the superhard material from being damaged in the tool processing process, the product has good performance, the foaming agent solution used in the nickel plating process can be used as electrolyte in the plating solution, the whole process is safe and environment-friendly, and the existing environment-friendly concept is met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph of diamond material after nickel plating in example 1.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings attached hereto are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, but rather by the claims. Also, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "a" and the like recited in the present specification are merely for descriptive purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but are intended to provide relative positional changes or modifications without materially altering the technical context in which the invention may be practiced.
The chemicals used in the examples below were analytically pure.
Example 1
The method for electrochemical plating of brittle nickel on superhard abrasive material utilizes different solubilities of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate (wherein sodium bicarbonate is obtained by reacting sodium carbonate with hydrochloric acid to generate sodium bicarbonate and has lower solubility than sodium carbonate and is separated out of solution), and different pH values in aqueous solution, and forms an online foaming process by adjusting pH values of hydrochloric acid and plating solution and other relevant parameters, and the electrochemical plating of honeycomb brittle nickel on superhard abrasive material surface is realized by adopting the following steps:
(1) Preparing a foaming agent solution:
placing the water bath kettle into an exhaust kitchen, and adjusting the temperature of the water bath kettle to 20 ℃; placing a 5L beaker in a water bath kettle, and adding 400ml deionized water;
weighing 60g of sodium carbonate, adding into a beaker, continuously stirring by using an automatic stirrer until the sodium carbonate is completely dissolved, then adding water until the total amount of the solution is 500ml, and storing in a water bath kettle to obtain a foaming agent solution;
(2) Vacuum pre-plating chromium: before electrochemical nickel plating, firstly plating a conductive metal chromium layer on the surface of a superhard abrasive (diamond with granularity of 200/230 and grade of ZND2010 series), wherein the chromium plating uses vacuum micro-evaporation plating to enable the metal chromium and the diamond to form a chromium carbide chemical bond so as to facilitate the subsequent formation of the metal bond between the chromium and the nickel layer, increase the conductivity of the diamond, improve the plating strength of the brittle nickel plating layer and increase the holding force of the diamond tool working layer on the diamond tool working layer; the chromium plating temperature is 900 ℃, the chromium plating time is 8 hours, when the vacuum degree reaches 6.5 x 10 -3 pa starts to run the plating process, and the weight ratio of the chromium powder to the superhard abrasive is 0.7:1, a step of;
(3) Electrochemical nickel plating: after pre-plating, placing the superhard material on barrel plating equipment for electrochemical nickel plating, and designing and calculating the consumption before plating, wherein the weight of the nickel plating layer to be weighted is N50, the meaning of N50 is that the weight of the plating layer (nickel)/[ the weight of the plating layer (nickel) +the weight of diamond ] is=50%, when the weight of the plating layer (nickel)/[ the weight of the plating layer (nickel) +the weight of diamond ] is calculated to be weighted N50, the required electric quantity is 700-750A ∙ h, the current used for design is 20-30A, the voltage is 10-15V, a barrel plating barrel is used during electrochemical nickel plating, the rotating speed of the barrel plating barrel is 20-40 r/min, the anode is a nickel plate, the purity is greater than or equal to 99%, the length is greater than or equal to 99%, the purity is greater than or equal to 9%, the length is greater than or equal to 600%, and the thickness is greater than or equal to 3-6 mm;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
washing the superhard abrasive material with deionized water at 50 ℃ for 4-6 times, then placing the superhard abrasive material in an oven for drying, and then airing to normal temperature, adding the dried material into a foaming agent solution according to the following proportion: 2.5L of foaming agent solution is added with 4000 gram of super-abrasive, the rotating speed is adjusted to be 30r/min by using an automatic stirrer, stirring is carried out, hydrochloric acid (with the concentration of 8%) is added dropwise by using a suction pipe after the super-abrasive and the foaming agent solution are uniformly stirred until tiny bubbles are generated, and the adding amount of the hydrochloric acid is about 500 milliliters;
taking out the superhard abrasive from the foaming agent solution, adding the superhard abrasive into a barrel plating barrel as soon as possible, and adding 6 liters of conventional electroplating solution, wherein the electroplating solution comprises the following components: nickel sulfate, sodium chloride and boric acid, wherein the weight ratio of the nickel sulfate to the sodium chloride to the boric acid is as follows: 3:3.5:1 (the specific dosage is that nickel sulfate is 120g/L, sodium chloride is 140g/L, boric acid is 40 g/L), the weight ratio of electroplating solution to superhard abrasive is 1.5L/kiloclara, the pH is adjusted to be 3.8-4.1, the current is adjusted to be 20A, the voltage is adjusted to be 10V, the barrel is rotated to be adjusted to be 20r/min, electrochemical nickel plating is carried out, and at the moment, the cathode and the anode are put into the electroplating solution together; when the pH value of the solution exceeds 5.0, the electroplating power supply is turned off, and the superhard abrasive is taken out, namely a primary nickel plating process;
the foregoing cleaning, drying, bubbling, electrochemical plating process was repeated and repeated several times as such until the weight gain of the nickel-plated layer reached a preset weight, thus obtaining a honeycomb brittle nickel-plated layer, and obtaining the final nickel-plated superhard abrasive material, the nickel-plated diamond obtained in example 1 being shown in fig. 1.
Through detection, in the nickel-plated superhard abrasive material prepared in the embodiment 1, the weight of a nickel-plated layer is increased by N50-N60; the nickel-plated diamond is tested according to the bulk density, wherein the 200/230 is 2.2 g/ml at a fine maximum value (the bulk density is the weight of detected particles in a certain volume, the length of nickel thorns is mainly determined, and the longer the length is, the better the holding force of a matrix on the nickel thorns is, the worse the opposite is); the percent of the impact breakage rate of the plating layer is used as an index, the breakage rate is more than or equal to 30% under 1500 steel ball impacts (the nickel-plated superhard abrasive is used for manufacturing grinding tools in subsequent processing, and the result shows that the nickel-plated superhard abrasive is easy to sharpen and has high cutting efficiency).
Example 2
Example 2 provides a method of electrochemical plating of brittle nickel with superabrasive material, example 2 differing from example 1 in that in step (1) sodium carbonate is used in an amount of 70g; and (3) adding a conventional electroplating solution, and then adjusting the current to 24A and the voltage to 12V.
Through detection, in the nickel-plated superhard abrasive material prepared in the embodiment 2, the weight of the nickel-plated layer is increased by N50-N60; the nickel-plated diamond is tested according to the bulk density, wherein the 200/230 is 2.2 g/ml at a fine maximum value (the bulk density is the weight of detected particles in a certain volume, the length of nickel thorns is mainly determined, and the longer the length is, the better the holding force of a matrix on the nickel thorns is, the worse the opposite is); the percent of the impact breakage rate of the plating layer is used as an index, the breakage rate is more than or equal to 40% under 1500 steel ball impacts (the nickel-plated superhard abrasive is used for manufacturing grinding tools in subsequent processing, and the result shows that the nickel-plated superhard abrasive is easy to sharpen and has high cutting efficiency).
Example 3
Example 3 provides a method of electrochemical plating of brittle nickel with superabrasive material, example 2 differing from example 1 in that in step (1) sodium carbonate is used in an amount of 80g; and (3) adding a conventional electroplating solution, and then adjusting the current to 26A and the voltage to 13V.
Through detection, in the nickel-plated superhard abrasive material prepared in the embodiment 2, the weight of the nickel-plated layer is increased by N50-N60; the nickel-plated diamond is tested according to the bulk density, wherein the 200/230 is 2.2 g/ml at a fine maximum value (the bulk density is the weight of detected particles in a certain volume, the length of nickel thorns is mainly determined, and the longer the length is, the better the holding force of a matrix on the nickel thorns is, the worse the opposite is); the percent of the impact breakage rate of the plating layer is used as an index, the breakage rate is more than or equal to 50% under 1500 steel ball impacts (the nickel-plated superhard abrasive is used for manufacturing grinding tools in subsequent processing, and the result shows that the nickel-plated superhard abrasive is easy to sharpen and has high cutting efficiency).
It can be seen from examples 1 to 3 that the method for plating brittle nickel according to the present invention can achieve the effect that the sharpening degree and cutting efficiency can be controlled according to different working conditions when used for cutting.
Application instance
The nickel-plated diamond prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 was used to prepare diamond tools such as an elastic module, a ceramic grinding wheel and a wire saw. Specific examples are as follows:
when the nickel-plated diamond prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 was applied to the elastic module, the diamond concentration was reduced by 20% after application (generally, the diamond concentration was low, the number of diamond particles per unit work layer area was small, the stress per abrasive particle was large, and each abrasive particle had a larger cutting pressure and cutting depth), and the square number of the ceramic used for grinding (i.e., how many square products were processed) of the elastic module was increased by 260%.
When the nickel-plated diamond prepared in the examples 1, 2 and 3 is applied to the preparation of the ceramic grinding wheel, the sharpening time of the grinding wheel is reduced by 90 percent, and the service life is prolonged by 2 times.
When the nickel-plated diamond prepared in the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 is applied to the preparation of the wire saw, the wire breakage rate of the wire saw can be reduced, the cutting efficiency is improved by 3 times, and the precision of a finished product cut is improved by one grade.
From the results, the nickel-plated diamond can be applied to manufacturing diamond tools such as elastic modules, ceramic grinding wheels, wire saws and the like, can remarkably improve the grinding performance and the service life of the tools, and has good application prospects.
The above examples are illustrative of embodiments of the present invention, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be made by the equivalent substitution manner, and are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for electrochemical plating of brittle nickel by using a superhard abrasive, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of;
(1) Preparing a foaming agent solution: sodium carbonate is dissolved in water to prepare a foaming agent solution;
(2) Vacuum pre-plating chromium: plating a conductive metal chromium layer on the surface of the superhard abrasive material before electrochemical nickel plating;
(3) Electrochemical nickel plating: after pre-plating chromium, the superhard material is subjected to electrochemical nickel plating, and the specific steps are as follows:
washing the superhard abrasive with water at the temperature of 30-50 ℃, drying to normal temperature, adding the superhard abrasive into a foaming agent solution, and dropwise adding hydrochloric acid until bubbles are generated after the superhard abrasive and the foaming agent solution are uniformly stirred;
taking out the superhard abrasive from the foaming agent solution, adding the superhard abrasive into a barrel plating barrel, adding electroplating solution, adjusting the pH to 3.8-4.1, adjusting the current to 20-30A and the voltage to 10-15V, and performing electrochemical plating on nickel, wherein at the moment, the cathode and the anode are put into the electroplating solution together; the anode is a nickel plate, and the cathode is a copper bar; stopping electroplating when the pH value of the solution exceeds 5.0, and taking out the superhard abrasive material, namely a primary nickel plating process;
repeating the cleaning, drying, foaming and electrochemical plating processes for several times to obtain a honeycomb brittle nickel plating layer, and obtaining the final nickel plating superhard abrasive.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the amount of sodium carbonate is 60-80 g and the amount of deionized water is 300-400 ml.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the superabrasive material in step (2) is diamond having a grit size of 200/230.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (2), the plating of chrome on the superabrasive material surface is performed by a vacuum micro-evaporation plating process; the chromium plating temperature is 850-900 ℃, the chromium plating time is 8-10 hours, and when the vacuum degree reaches 6.5 x 10 -3 pa starts the operation process, and the weight ratio of the chromium powder to the superhard abrasive is (0.5-0.9): 1.
5. the method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the dried superabrasive material and the foaming agent solution are added in the following proportions: and adding 300-4000 carats of super-abrasive into each 2.5 liters of foaming agent solution.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the amount of the plating solution is 5 to 6 liters; the electroplating solution comprises the following components: 80-130 g/L of nickel sulfate, 100-180 g/L of sodium chloride and 20-40 g/L of boric acid; the weight ratio of the electroplating solution to the superhard abrasive is 1-1.5 liters/kilogram.
7. A nickel-plated superabrasive material produced by the method of any one of claims 1-6.
8. Use of the nickel-plated superabrasive material of claim 7 in the manufacture of an elastic module, a ceramic grinding wheel or a wire saw.
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