CN117384889A - 耐高温木聚糖酶突变体及其应用 - Google Patents
耐高温木聚糖酶突变体及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及基因工程与蛋白质改造技术领域,具体涉及一种耐高温木聚糖酶突变体及其应用。本发明以野生型木聚糖酶PT为基础,提供了包含T23S,S39D,T41N,S62Q,L64M,W116V,A139G,Y144F,T149F,N160E/V中至少一个突变位点的突变体。与野生型相比,在95℃条件下处理5min后,所述木聚糖酶单点突变体的酶活残留率提高了10.0%‑25.6%,耐热性显著增强;其中,含L64M单点突变的木聚糖酶突变体的耐热性最强,酶活残留率高达87.90%,有利于其在饲料领域的广泛应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基因工程和蛋白质工程技术领域,具体涉及一种耐高温木聚糖酶突变体及其应用。
背景技术
木聚糖是一种多聚五碳糖,其主要成分是D-木糖,其主链是由β-(1-4)-吡喃型D-木糖单元通过β-l,4-糖苷键连接而成的多聚合物,大部分木聚糖是异型多糖,其主链常含有阿拉伯糖、香豆酸,等支链含有多种替代糖基,常见的有阿魏酸、糖醛酸等。因为木聚糖支链的残基与木质素、果胶、葡聚糖等连接的原因,所以木聚糖很难被降解。木聚糖在降解的过程中,木聚糖酶起到了重要作用,由于它能打开木聚糖的主链和支链,并将木聚糖分解为可发酵的低聚糖或者单糖,以利于生物的利用。
木聚糖酶(endo-1,4-β-D-xylanxylanohydrolase EC3.2.1.8)是一种水解酶,是指一类能将木聚糖降解为低聚木糖或木糖的复合酶系,通常包含内切酶和外切酶。一般所说的木聚糖酶即内切β-1,4-D-木聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.8),主要作用于木聚糖的主链骨架的降解,水解产物主要为木二糖或木二糖以上的低聚糖,也有少量的木糖、阿拉伯糖和甘露糖,被认为是木聚糖降解过程中最为关键的酶之一。根据木聚糖酶作用pH的不同可以将木聚糖酶分为嗜酸性酶、嗜碱性酶和中性酶。也可根据对温度的不同而分为嗜热酶、中温酶和低温酶。
木聚糖酶的来源非常广泛,目前已经发现的能产木聚糖酶的微生物将近有几十个属,一百多个种,包括细菌、真菌、放线菌以及某些酵母等。目前已经被报道的细菌有Butyrivibro、Clostridium;真菌类的有Penicillium、Trichoderma、Aspergillus等。放线菌类的Streptomyces sp.、Streptomyces flavogriseus、Pseudomonos等;酵母类的有Cryptococcus albidus,不同种类的微生物产生不同类型的木聚糖酶,同一种微生物也可以产生不同的木聚糖酶。
由于木聚糖酶在木聚糖降解过程中的重要作用,因此木聚糖酶已被广泛应用于各种行业中,如:纸浆工业、动物饲料、食品行业、能源行业、医药行业、纺织等行业领域。尽管从动物、植物和微生物中都可以获得木聚糖酶,然而目前主要是依靠对真菌和细菌等微生物的发酵获得大量的木聚糖酶。酸性木聚糖酶在pH值4.0以下时仍然保持较高酶活性,通常酸性木聚糖酶可以广泛应用于饲料工业、酿酒工业、食品工业等众多领域,充分显示出它在生产上的巨大潜力。
但是,目前木聚糖酶面临产量低、成本高、耐温性及耐酸性酶难获得等制约因素。因此,利用基因工程和蛋白质工程方法获得高产量、低成本适用于商业化的新型木聚糖酶成了亟待解决的问题。时号等以Pseudothermotoga thermarum DSM 5069木聚糖酶的氨基酸序列为模版,通过分析耐热木聚糖酶的氨基酸偏好性与引入优化分子内相互作用的策略,引入二硫键,优化酶内电荷的相互作用,刚化酶的活性中心,提供了一种具有极强的耐热性能和酸性pH条件下高活性的木聚糖酶,该木聚糖酶在95℃、pH为5.5的条件下酶活性最高,其耐热性能80℃提高到了95℃。史宝军筛选到了一株嗜酸真菌Bisporasp.X-1,其产生的木聚糖酶最适pH值为2.6,在pH2~4的范围内维持50%以上的酶活性;最适温度为65℃,在60℃下保温60min,酶活性基本维持不变,70℃下保温15min,剩余酶活性为90%以上,处理60min后,酶活仍在70%以上;用胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶处理60分钟,酶活性维持在85~100%。
尽管已有大量研究改善了木聚糖酶的稳定性,但仍不能满足日益提高的工业生产需求,因此,提供一种适用于工业生产的耐高温木聚糖酶具有重要的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种耐高温木聚糖酶突变体及其应用。所述突变体的耐热性比野生型得到显著提高,有利于其在饲料领域的广泛应用。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明涉及一种木聚糖酶突变体,其包含与SEQ ID NO:1具有至少90%同一性的氨基酸序列,且与SEQ ID NO:1相比在选自下组中的至少一个位置上包含氨基酸的取代:23,39,41,62,64,116,139,144,149,160。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述突变体的氨基酸序列与SEQ ID NO:1相比具有至少91%,92%,93%,94%,95%,96%,97%,98%,或至少99%的同一性。
在一些更具体的实施例中,所述突变体的氨基酸序列与SEQ ID NO:1相比具有至少99.1%,99.2%,99.3%,99.4%,99.5%,99.6%,99.7%,99.8%,或至少99.9%的同一性。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述突变体包含下组中至少一个氨基酸的取代:T23S,S39D,T41N,S62Q,L64M,W116V,A139G,Y144F,T149F,N160E/V。
本发明还涉及编码上述木聚糖酶突变体的DNA分子。
本发明还涉及包含上述DNA分子的重组表达载体。
本发明还涉及一种宿主细胞,包含上述重组表达载体。
将上述的质粒转入宿主细胞中,重组表达的木聚糖酶突变体的耐热性得到显著提升。
在本发明的一些实施例中,宿主细胞为毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)。
在本发明的一些实施例中,宿主细胞为里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)。
本发明还提供了上述木聚糖酶突变体在饲料领域中的应用。
本发明以野生型木聚糖酶PT为基础,提供了包含T23S,S39D,T41N,S62Q,L64M,W116V,A139G,Y144F,T149F,N160E/V中至少一个突变位点的突变体。与野生型相比,本发明提供的木聚糖酶单点突变体在95℃条件下处理5min后,酶活残留率提高了10.0%-25.6%,耐热性得到显著提高。其中含L64M单个位点突变的木聚糖酶突变体的耐热性最强,95℃条件下处理5min后,酶活残留率高达87.90%,取得了意料不到的技术效果。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种木聚糖酶突变体、其制备方法及应用、编码该木聚糖酶突变体的DNA分子、载体、宿主细胞,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。本发明的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
本发明用到了遗传工程和分子生物学领域使用的常规技术和方法,例如MOLECΜLAR CLONING:A LABORATORY MANUAL,3nd Ed. (Sambrook, 2001)和CURRENT PROTOCOLSIN MOLECΜLAR BIOLOGY (Ausubel, 2003)中所记载的方法。这些一般性参考文献提供了本领域技术人员已知的定义和方法。但是,本领域的技术人员可以在本发明所记载的技术方案的基础上,采用本领域其它常规的方法、实验方案和试剂,而不限于本发明具体实施例的限定。例如,本发明可选用如下实验材料和试剂:
菌株与载体:大肠杆菌DH5α、毕赤酵母GS115、载体pPIC9k、Amp、G418购自Invitrogen公司。
酶与试剂盒:PCR酶及连接酶购买自Takara公司,限制性内切酶购自Fermentas公司,质粒提取试剂盒及胶纯化回收试剂盒购自Omega公司,GeneMorph II随机诱变试剂盒购自北京博迈斯生物科技有限公司。
培养基配方:
大肠杆菌培养基(LB培养基):0.5%酵母提取物,1%蛋白胨,1%NaCl,pH7.0;
酵母培养基(YPD培养基):1%酵母提取物,2%蛋白胨,2%葡萄糖;
酵母筛选培养基(MD培养基):2%蛋白胨,2%琼脂糖;
BMGY培养基:2%蛋白胨,1%酵母提取物,100 mM磷酸钾缓冲液(pH6.0),1.34% YNB,4×10-5 %生物素,1%甘油;
BMMY培养基:2%蛋白胨,1%酵母提取物,100 mM磷酸钾缓冲液(pH6.0),1.34% YNB,4×10-5 %生物素,0.5%甲醇;
LB-AMP培养基:0.5%酵母提取物,1%蛋白胨,1%NaCl,100μg/mL氨苄青霉素,pH7.0;
LB-AMP平板:0.5%酵母提取物,1%蛋白胨,1%NaCl,1.5%琼脂,100μg/mL氨苄青霉素,pH7.0;
下面结合实施例,进一步阐述本发明:
实施例1 重组质粒的构建
将合成的木聚糖酶基因(GeneBank MK138894.1)根据毕赤酵母密码子偏好性进行优化,并在其起始密码子ATG前增加6个碱基GAATTC(EcoR I酶切位点),在其终止密码子TAA后增加GCGGCCGC(Not I酶切位点)。优化后的核苷酸序列由上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司合成。将该木聚糖酶命名PT,其氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:1,编码核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:2。
用限制性内切酶EcoR I和Not I(Fermentas)对木聚糖酶基因进行酶切;同时,用限制性内切酶EcoR I和Not I对质粒pPIC9K进行酶切。使用凝胶纯化试剂盒将酶切产物纯化,并用T4 DNA连接酶(Fermentas)将上述两个酶切产物连接。将连接产物转化进DH5α大肠杆菌(Invitrogen),用氨苄青霉素进行选择。为确保准确,对若干克隆进行测序(Sangon)。
使用质粒小量制备试剂盒(Omega)从测序结果正确的大肠杆菌克隆中纯化质粒,获得1个重组质粒,将其命名为pPIC9K-PT。
实施例2 耐高温突变体的筛选
为了进一步提高木聚糖酶PT的耐热性,申请人对其进行蛋白结构分析。该蛋白是GHI1家族木聚糖酶,其结构为β-果冻卷的结构。申请人通过定向进化技术对该酶进行了大量突变的筛选。
1.1设计PCR引物PT-F1、PT-R1:
PT-F1:GGCgaattccaaagtttctgtagttcagcttctc(下划线为限制性内切酶EcoRI识别位点);
PT-R1:ATAGGCGGCCGCTTATCATTAATCACCAATGTAAACCTT(下划线为限制性内切酶NotI识别位点)。
以PT基因(SEQ ID NO:1)为模板,利用上述引物用GeneMorph II随机突变PCR试剂盒((博迈斯))进行PCR扩增,胶回收PCR产物,EcoRI、NotI进行酶切处理后与经同样酶切后的pET21a载体连接,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,涂布于LB+Amp平板,37℃倒置培养,待转化子出现后,用牙签逐个挑至96孔板,每个孔中加入150μl含有0.1mM IPTG的LB+Amp培养基,37℃、220rpm培养6 h左右,离心弃上清,菌体用缓冲液重悬,反复冻融破壁,获得含有木聚糖酶的大肠杆菌细胞裂解液。
分别取出30 uL裂解液至两块新的96孔板,其中一块于95℃处理5 min,两块96孔板都加入30 uL底物,于37℃反应30 min后,DNS法测定生成的还原糖,不同的突变子高温处理后保持的活性不同。实验结果表明,有些突变对木聚糖酶的耐热性没有影响,有些突变甚至使其耐热性或酶活变得更差了;另外还有些突变,虽然能提高木聚糖酶对温度的耐受性,但突变后其酶学性质发生了显著的变化,这些均不符合要求。最终,得到既能显著提高木聚糖酶的耐热性,又不会影响其酶活及原有酶学性质的突变位点:T23S,S39D,T41N,S62Q,L64M,W116V,A139G,Y144F,T149F,N160E,N160V。
在上述野生型木聚糖酶PT的基础上,本发明提供了分别含T23S,S39D,T41N,S62Q,L64M,W116V,A139G,Y144F,T149F,N160E,N160V单个突变位点的突变体。
实施例3 木聚糖酶在毕赤酵母中的表达,
3.1表达载体的构建
依照毕赤酵母的密码偏爱性分别对木聚糖酶PT及其突变体的基因序列进行优化,由上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司合成,并且在合成序列5’和3’两端分别加上EcoRI和NotI两个酶切位点。
按照实施例1中所述方法,将合成的木聚糖酶PT及其突变体的基因序列分别进行EcoRI和NotI双酶切,然后与经同样酶切后的pPIC-9K载体16℃过夜连接,并转化大肠杆菌DH5a,涂布于LB+Amp平板,37℃倒置培养,待转化子出现后,菌落PCR(反应体系:模板挑取的单克隆,rTaqDNA聚合酶 0.5μl,10×Buffer 2.0μL,dNTPs(2.5mM) 2.0μL,5’AOX引物(10mM):0.5μL,3’AOX引物:0.5μL,ddH2O 14.5μL,反应程序:95℃预变性5min,30个循环:94℃ 30sec,55℃ 30sec,72℃ 2min,72℃ 10min)。验证阳性克隆子,经测序验证后获得了正确的重组表达质粒。
3.2毕赤酵母工程菌株的构建
3.2.1酵母感受态制备
将毕赤酵母GS115菌株进行YPD平板活化,30℃培养48 h后接种活化的GS115单克隆于6 mL YPD液体培养基中,30℃、220 rpm,培养约12 h后转接菌液于装有30mL YPD液体培养基的三角瓶中,30℃、220 rpm培养约5h,经紫外分光光度计检测其菌体密度,待其OD600值在1.1–1.3范围后,4℃ 9000 rpm离心2 min分别收集4mL菌体至灭菌EP管中,轻轻弃上清,用灭菌的滤纸吸干残留的上清后用预冷的1 mL灭菌水重悬菌体,4℃、9000 rpm离心2 min,轻轻弃上清,重复用1mL灭菌水洗一遍后,4℃、9000 rpm离心2 min,轻轻弃上清,预冷的1mL山梨醇(1 mol/L)重悬菌体;4℃、9000 rpm离心2 min,轻轻弃上清,预冷的100-150μl山梨醇(1 mol/L)轻柔重悬菌体。
3.2.2转化和筛选
分别将3.1构建得到的重组表达质粒用Sac I进行线性化,线性化片段纯化回收后通过电穿孔法分别转化毕赤酵母GS115,在MD平板上筛选得到毕赤酵母重组菌株,然后在含不同浓度遗传霉素的YPD平板(0.5mg/mL-8mg/mL)上筛选多拷贝的转化子。
将获得的转化子分别转接于BMGY培养基中,30℃、250rpm振荡培养1d;再转入BMMY培养基中,30℃、250rpm振荡培养;每天添加0.5%的甲醇,诱导表达4 d;9000rpm离心10min去除菌体,即得到分别含木聚糖酶PT和木聚糖酶突变体的发酵上清液。
3.3木聚糖酶酶活测定
(1)木聚糖酶活单位的定义
在37℃、pH值为5.5的条件下,每分钟从浓度为5 mg/ml的木聚糖溶液中释放1 μmol还原糖所需要的酶量即为一个酶活力单位U。
(2)酶活测定方法
取2 ml浓度为1%的木聚糖底物(pH5.5乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液配制),加入到比色管中,37℃平衡10 min,再加入2 ml经pH5.5乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液适当稀释并经37℃平衡好的酸性木聚糖酶酶液,混匀于37℃,精确保温反应30 min。反应结束后,加入5 ml DNS试剂,混匀以终止反应。然后沸水浴煮沸5 min,用自来水冷却至室温,加蒸馏水定容至25 ml,混匀后,以标准空白样为空白对照,,在540 nm处测定吸光值AE。
酶活计算公式:
XD =[(AE- AB)×K+ C0] ×N×1000/(M×t)。
式中:XD为稀释酶液中木聚糖酶的活力,U/mL;AE为酶反应液的吸光度;AB为酶空白液的吸光度;K为标准曲线的斜率;C0为标准曲线的截距;M为木糖的摩尔质量,150.2 g/mol;t为酶解反应时间,min;N为酶液稀释倍数;1000为转化因子,1 mmol=1000 μmol。
(3)酶活测定结果
按照上述方法进行酶活检测,结果显示:上述构建得到的重组表达木聚糖酶PT及其突变体的毕赤酵母重组菌株发酵上清液的酶活为230-600 U/mL。
实施例4 木聚糖酶突变体耐热性分析
将上述构建得到的重组表达木聚糖酶PT及其突变体的毕赤酵母重组菌株发酵上清液分别用pH5.5的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液稀释至约20 U/mL,在95℃条件下处理5 min后,测定残余酶活,以未处理样品的酶活为100%,计算酶活残留率。具体结果见表1。
表1 木聚糖酶突变体耐热性分析
木聚糖酶突变体 | 95℃处理5min后酶活残留率 |
PT | 70.00% |
T23S | 81.30% |
S39D | 80.18% |
T41N | 79.77% |
S62Q | 81.70% |
L64M | 87.90% |
W116V | 79.45% |
A139G | 81.00% |
T149F | 82.00% |
N160E | 86.00% |
N160V | 76.99% |
Y144F | 84.79% |
从表1的结果可知,与野生型木聚糖酶PT相比,分别含T23S、S39D、T41N、S62Q、L64M、W116V、A139G、T149F、N160E、N160V、Y144F单个突变位点的木聚糖酶突变体在95℃条件下处理5min后,酶活残留率提高了10.0%-25.6%,耐热性显著增强。其中,含L64M单点突变的木聚糖酶突变体的耐热性最强,95℃条件下处理5min后,酶活残留率高达87.90%,取得了意料不到的技术效果。
综上所述,本发明提供的木聚糖酶突变体具有更强的耐热性,比野生型更适合应用于饲料领域。
Claims (7)
1.一种木聚糖酶突变体,其特征在于,所述突变体是氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:1的木聚糖酶的第144位氨基酸由Tyr变为Phe。
2.编码权利要求1所述木聚糖酶突变体的DNA分子。
3.包含权利要求2所述DNA分子的重组表达质粒。
4.一种宿主细胞,其特征在于,所述的宿主细胞包含权利要求3所述的重组表达质粒。
5.如权利要求4所述的宿主细胞,其特征在于,所述的宿主细胞为毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)。
6.如权利要求4所述的宿主细胞,其特征在于,所述的宿主细胞为里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)。
7.权利要求1所述木聚糖酶突变体在饲料领域中的应用。
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