CN117384124A - Hdac抑制剂、组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
Hdac抑制剂、组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117384124A CN117384124A CN202210787834.6A CN202210787834A CN117384124A CN 117384124 A CN117384124 A CN 117384124A CN 202210787834 A CN202210787834 A CN 202210787834A CN 117384124 A CN117384124 A CN 117384124A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hdac inhibitor
- compound
- hdac
- methyl
- flavone
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 229940121372 histone deacetylase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 34
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- SATDLKYRVXFXRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-(chloromethyl)benzoate Chemical group COC(=O)C1=CC=C(CCl)C=C1 SATDLKYRVXFXRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propyliminomethylidene-ethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- C07D311/30—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 only not hydrogenated in the hetero ring, e.g. flavones
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Abstract
本发明公开了一类HDAC抑制剂及其应用,属于药物化学领域,该HDAC抑制剂为式(I)‑(Ⅲ)任一通式所示的基于黄酮或黄酮拟似骨架的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、氘代物或光学异构体。本发明还公开了包括该HDAC抑制剂的药物组合物。该HDAC抑制剂或HDAC抑制剂组合物具有HDAC抑制活性,经药效学试验表明,其可用于制备肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、炎症、帕金森综合征、Rett综合征或阿尔茨海默症的治疗和/或预防药物,从而为治疗和/或预防肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、炎症、帕金森综合征、Rett综合征或阿尔茨海默症等疾病提供新思路。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学领域,特别涉及一类HDAC抑制剂、组合物及其应用。
背景技术
组蛋白去乙酰化酶(Histone deacetylases,HDACs)是表观遗传学中的重要药物靶点。该酶异常表达于多种恶性肿瘤,可通过催化核小体组蛋白的去乙酰化,影响染色质状态,从而下调抑癌基因表达,介导肿瘤的发生发展;组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(Histonedeacetylase inhibitors,HDACis)则可通过干预上述表观遗传过程,发挥抗肿瘤作用。目前已获批的HDACis主要为广谱抑制剂,包括Vorinostat(SAHA,伏立诺他)、Belinostat(贝利司他)、Panobinostat(帕比司他),以及同时抑制几种亚型的Romidespin(罗米地辛)、Chidamide(西达本胺)。上述抑制剂由于同时作用于多个HDAC亚型,均存在恶心、呕吐、骨髓抑制及QT间期延长等毒副作用;同时,由于安全窗口窄,限制了其在实体瘤治疗中的应用,故亟需发现亚型选择性更优的HDAC抑制剂以改善该类药物的安全性,并获得实体瘤疗效。
HDACs主要包括4个亚族,即I、II、III和IV类:I(HDAC1、2、3、8)、II(HDAC4,5、6、7、9、10)和IV类HDAC(HDAC11)均系Zn2+依赖性金属酶。当前HDACis的研发主要是靶向Zn2+依赖性HDAC。在HDACs的众多亚型中,I类HDACs与肿瘤发生发展关系甚密,广泛存在于各种人体器官。研究证实,I类HDACs中的HDAC1亚型在多种恶性肿瘤,如子宫内膜癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、胰腺癌、血癌等中均呈现高表达,而选择性抑制I类HDACs不仅可产生显著的肿瘤细胞增殖抑制作用,亦可获得较之SAHA、Panobinostat等广谱抑制剂更宽的安全窗。
在II类HDACs中,HDAC6亚型具有独特的结构和底物特异性,可介导非组蛋白的去乙酰化,其表达和功能的改变与多种疾病密切相关。研究表明,HDAC6的异常表达可通过调控Ras、EGFR等信号通路,促进细胞癌变以及肿瘤细胞的生长、增殖、血管生成;此外,其高表达还可增强肿瘤细胞的侵袭转移性,而抑制HDAC6可产生抗实体瘤疗效。与此同时,HDAC6亦与神经退行性疾病、炎症、自身免疫疾病等的病理进程密切相关。基因敲除实验证实,HDAC6缺失的实验动物无明显表型异常,提示选择性抑制HDAC6具有优良的安全性。除直接干预肿瘤细胞的生命活动外,选择性HDAC6抑制剂(Histonedeacetylase 6 inhibitors,HDAC6is)还可通过降低STAT3的磷酸化水平,下调程序性死亡配体(Programmed Death-Ligand 1,PD-L1)的表达,发挥免疫治疗作用,故可为肿瘤免疫治疗提供更多选择。鉴于上述优势,亚型选择性HDAC6is是当前靶向HDAC的新药研发的重点方向。然而,该类抑制剂尚未有药物上市;Ricolinostat、Citarinostat、KA2507等HDAC6is正处于临床研究中,但对HDAC6的选择性均不足,仍存在安全窗方面的问题。因此,发现高选择性的HDAC6is具有重要的临床应用价值。
黄酮类天然产物及其拟似骨架具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗肿瘤等多种药理活性。迄今,尚无基于黄酮或黄酮拟似骨架发现HDAC抑制剂的研究报道,本发明致力于阐明一类基于黄酮或黄酮拟似骨架的HDAC抑制剂及其应用。
发明内容
针对目前“上市HDACis因广泛抑制多种HDAC亚型,具有明显副作用”的问题,以及目前临床在研HDAC6is对HDAC6选择性不佳的技术不足,本发明提供了一类基于黄酮或黄酮拟似骨架的HDAC抑制剂及其用途。
通过多次活性测试表明,本发明提供的基于黄酮或黄酮拟似骨架的化合物均具有HDAC抑制活性,其中大部分化合物可高强度地抑制HDAC1和/或HDAC6,并表现出优良的安全性。
在本发明的一些具体的实施例中,符合特定结构通式的化合物在高强度抑制HDAC6的同时,呈现出显著的抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性,且对HDAC6表现出优异的选择性,同时具有肿瘤免疫治疗活性;在本发明的另一些具体的实施例中,符合特定结构通式的化合物在高强度抑制HDAC1的同时,呈现出显著的抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性,且对HDAC1/2/3选择性优良。具有HDAC6选择性或HDAC1/2/3选择性的化合物兼具有优良的安全性。此外,药效学实验表明,本发明所涉及的化合物可以用以制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、炎症、帕金森综合征、Rett综合征或阿尔茨海默症的药物。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明首先提供了一类HDAC抑制剂,所述HDAC抑制剂为以下式(I)-(Ⅲ)任一通式所示的基于黄酮或黄酮拟似骨架的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、氘代物或光学异构体:
其中,W为至少被一个R1取代的C6-14芳基、C5-14杂芳基、C7-12芳烷基或C6-12杂芳烷基;X为至少被一个R2取代的C6-14芳基、C5-14杂芳基、C7-12芳烷基或C6-12杂芳烷基;需要说明的是,当W、X分别为两个以上的R1、R2取代时,不同取代位置的R1或R2可相同,亦可不同;
Y为
环A为至少被一个R5取代的苯环、吡啶或噻吩;需要说明的是,当环A为两个以上的R5取代时,不同位置的R5相互间可相同,亦可不同;
R1、R2分别独立地选自氢、卤素、羟基、氰基、氨甲酰基、C1-6烷基或环烷基、C1-6烷氧基或C2-6不饱和脂链烃基;R3选自取代或非取代的C6-14芳基或C5-14杂芳基;R4选自氢、C1-6烷基或环烷基;R5选自氢、甲基或卤素;
n1=2-4;n2=0-3;n3=0-3。
进一步方案,所述HDAC抑制剂选自以下任一化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或氘代物:
可以理解的是,上述化合物仅用于举例,使得本发明的技术方案更加清楚,本发明中的HDAC抑制剂不仅仅包括上述几种。
进一步方案,当所述的HDAC抑制剂具有特定结构时,其为选择性HDAC6抑制剂。在本发明的一些具体的实施例中,可作为选择性HDAC6抑制剂为式(I)所示的基于黄酮或黄酮拟似骨架的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或氘代物:
式(I)中,W为至少被一个R1取代的C6-14芳基、C5-14芳杂基、C7-12芳烷基或C6-12芳杂烷基;环A为至少被1个R5取代的苯环、吡啶或噻吩;可以理解的是,当W为两个以上的R1取代时,不同取代位置的R1可相同,亦可不同;当环A为两个以上的R5取代时,不同位置的R5相互间可相同,亦可不同。
R1选自氢、卤素、羟基、氰基、氨甲酰基、C1-6烷基或环烷基、C1-6烷氧基或C2-6不饱和脂链烃基;R3选自取代或非取代的C6-14芳基或C5-14杂芳基;R5选自氢、甲基、或卤素;n3=0-3。
进一步方案,当所述HDAC抑制剂具有另一些特定结构时,其对HDAC1和/或HDAC2和/或HDAC3具有选择性。在本发明的另一些具体的实施方式中,对HDAC1和/或HDAC2和/或HDAC3具有选择性的HDAC抑制剂为式(Ⅲ)所示的基于黄酮或黄酮拟似骨架的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、氘代物或光学异构体:
式(Ⅲ)中,Y为
环A选自至少被一个R5取代的苯环、吡啶或噻吩;可以理解,当环A为两个以上的R5取代时,不同位置的R5相互间可相同,亦可不同。
R3选自取代或非取代的C6-14芳基或C5-14杂芳基;R5选自氢、甲基或卤素;n1=2-4;n2=0-3。
本发明进一步提供了如前所述的HDAC抑制剂在制备HDAC抑制剂类药物中的应用。
本发明进一步提供了如前所述的HDAC抑制剂在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、炎症、帕金森综合征、Rett综合征或阿尔茨海默症药物中的应用。
本发明进一步提供了一种HDAC抑制剂组合物,其包括如前所述的HDAC抑制剂,还包括至少一种药用载体或赋形剂。
进一步方案,所述HDAC抑制剂组合物还包括至少一种治疗剂。
进一步方案,所述HDAC抑制剂组合物的剂型为临床上或药学上可接受的任一剂型。
本发明进一步提供了如前所述的HDAC抑制剂组合物在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、炎症、帕金森综合征、Rett综合征或阿尔茨海默症药物中的应用。
在本发明的一些具体的实施方式中,本发明中HDAC抑制剂的用药剂量为1mg-1000mg/天,可以理解的是,具体的用药剂量并不局限于此范围,可根据病情的轻重或剂型的不同进行调整。
此外,除非另有定义,本发明中所提及的科学术语都具有与本发明要求保护的主体所属领域的技术人员一般理解相同的含义,以下对所提及的科学术语进行说明。
其中,黄酮骨架指具有2-苯基色原酮结构的母核,其苯环可为取代基取代;黄酮拟似骨架是指黄酮骨架中的1个或2个苯环为C5-C6芳杂环替换而得到的母核,其苯环或芳杂环可为取代基取代。
“卤素”指氟、氯、溴或碘。
“C6-14芳基”指含有6-14个碳原子的全碳单环,具有完全共轭的π电子系统。具体可提及的实例包括但不限于:苯环、萘环、蒽环等。
“C5-14杂芳基”指5-14个环原子的非全碳单环或稠合多环基团,具有完全共轭的π电子系统。具体可提及的实例包括但不限于:吡啶、咪唑、噻吩、呋喃、噻唑、嘌呤、吲哚、氮杂吲哚等。
“C6-12杂芳烷基”是指含6-12个碳原子的芳杂基上连有烷基的基团。
“C7-12芳烷基”是指含7-12个碳原子的芳基上连有烷基的基团。
“C1-3烷基”指1到3个碳原子的烷基;
“C2-6不饱和脂链烃基”指含有双键或者三键的碳原子数为2-6个的直链或者支链的烯基或者炔基。具体可提及的实例包括但不限于:乙烯基、1-丙烯基、2-丙烯基、乙炔基等。
本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或氘代物具有同样的功效,其中药学上可接受的盐指的是式(I)、(II)或(III)的盐,盐的类型具体可提及的实例包括但不限于:碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、其他金属盐、无机碱盐、有机碱盐、无机酸盐、有机酸盐、低级烷磺酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、氨基酸盐。光学异构体是指由于分子结构完全相同,物理化学性质相似,但旋光性不同的物质。氘代物指有机化合物分子中的氢被它的同位素氘(D)取代后的化合物。
所述“药用载体”是指药学领域常规的药物载体,包括药学领域的常规稀释剂、赋形剂(如水等)、填充剂(如淀粉等)、粘合剂(如纤维素衍生物、明胶等)、湿润剂(如甘油等)、崩解剂(如琼脂、碳酸钙等)、吸收促进剂(如季铵化合物等)、表面活性剂(如十六烷醇等)、吸附载体(如高龄土和皂黏土等)、润滑剂(如滑石粉等),必要时还可以加入香味剂、甜味剂等。
所述的“治疗剂”指的是能与所述HDAC抑制剂配伍的治疗剂,包括但不局限于有丝分裂抑制剂(如长春碱、长春地辛)、微管蛋白分解抑制剂(如泰素)、生物烷化剂(如环磷酰胺)、抗代谢物(如5-氟尿嘧啶、替加氟、甲氨蝶呤)、抗肿瘤抗生素(如阿霉素、丝裂霉素)、酶(如天门冬氨酶)、拓扑异构酶抑制剂(如依托伯苷和喜树碱)、生物反应调节剂(如干扰素)、蛋白酶体抑制剂(如硼替佐米)等。
所述的“药学上可接受的任一剂型”适用于通过任何适当途径给药,如口服(包括含服或舌下给药)、直肠给药、经鼻给药、局部给药(包括含服、舌下给药、经皮给药或吸入给药)、阴道给药或胃肠外给药(包括皮下注射、肌内注射、静脉注射或皮内注射)途径。这些制剂可由药剂学领域中已知的任何方法制备。例如,通过将活性成分与载体或赋形剂混在一起的方法。
所述肿瘤包括但不局限于乳腺癌、肉瘤、肺癌、前列腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、成神经细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤、头癌、颈癌、甲状腺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、子宫癌、子宫内膜癌、胃癌、膀胱癌、胃肠道间质瘤、鼻咽癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤。
所述的自身免疫性疾病是机体因免疫功能紊乱对自身抗原发生免疫反应而导致自身组织、器官、系统损伤所致的一类疾病,包括自身免疫性肝病、自身免疫性甲状腺病、自身免疫性溶血性贫血、系统性硬化症、系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎、溃疡性结肠炎、多发性脑脊髓硬化症、重症肌无力、硬皮病、混合性结缔组织病等多种疾病。
所述的炎症包括但不限于类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、系统性血管炎、肺炎、肠胃炎、肝炎、扁桃体炎、心脏炎症、溃疡性结肠炎等。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明的HDAC抑制剂为基于黄酮或黄酮拟似骨架的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、氘代物或光学异构体。黄酮及其类似物具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗肿瘤等多种药理活性,在肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、神经退行性疾病的治疗中亦有潜在的应用价值,本发明以此为出发点开发了基于黄酮或其拟似骨架的HDAC抑制剂。
经多次活性测试表明,本发明提供的基于黄酮或黄酮拟似骨架的化合物均具有HDAC抑制活性,其中大部分化合物可高强度地抑制HDAC1和/或HDAC6。具有特定结构通式的化合物在高强度抑制HDAC6的同时,呈现出显著的抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性,且对HDAC6表现出优异的选择性,同时具有肿瘤免疫治疗活性;另有具有特定结构通式的化合物在高强度抑制HDAC1的同时,呈现出显著的抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性,且对HDAC1/2/3选择性优良。具有HDAC6选择性或HDAC1/2/3选择性的化合物兼具有优良的安全性。药效学实验表明,本发明所涉及的HDAC抑制剂可用于制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、炎症、帕金森综合征、Rett综合征或阿尔茨海默症的药物,从而为肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、炎症、帕金森综合征、Rett综合征或阿尔茨海默症提供新疗法。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中化合物15在MDA-MB-231细胞中对P-STAT3(Y705)、Ac-tubulin(Lys40)以及PD-L1调控作用的免疫印迹分析;
图2为本发明实施例中化合物15对MDA-MB-231细胞内Ac-tubulin(Lys40)、P-STAT3(Y705)以及PD-L1调控水平的定量分析。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,下面描述的实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
除非另有定义,本发明使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本领域技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。另外,如无特别说明,未具体记载条件或者步骤的方法均为常规方法,所采用的试剂和材料均可从商业途径获得。
本发明中HDAC抑制剂的制备具有三种不同的路线,下面以化合物1(路线一)、化合物23(路线二)、化合物25(路线三)为例:
路线一:
路线一中,涉及到的反应物和反应条件:
a为氢氧化钠(NaOH),甲醇(MeOH),75℃;NaOH(0.5N),30%双氧水(30%H2O2),0℃到室温;
b为对氯甲基苯甲酸甲酯,碳酸钾(K2CO3),乙腈(CH3CN),N2保护,80℃;
c为氢氧化锂(LiOH),四氢呋喃(THF),MeOH,水(H2O),室温;稀盐酸(1N);
d为THP基团保护的羟胺(NH2OTHP),1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳酰二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI),1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBT),N-甲基吗啉(NMM),N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),室温;
e为三氟乙酸(TFA),二氯甲烷(DCM),0℃到室温。
路线二:
路线二中,涉及到的反应物和反应条件:
a为K2CO3,CH3CN,N2保护,80℃;
b为LiOH,THF,MeOH,H2O,室温;稀盐酸(1N);
c为对氨甲基苯甲酸甲酯盐酸盐,EDCI,HOBT,三乙胺(TEA),DMF,室温;
d为NH2OTHP,EDCI,HOBT,NMM,DMF,室温;
e为TFA,DCM,0℃到室温。
路线三:
路线三中,涉及到的反应物和反应条件:
a为N-BOC-4-(((甲磺酰基)氧基)甲基)哌啶,K2CO3,DMF,60℃;
b为TFA,DCM,0℃到室温;
c为2-氯嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯,碳酸铯(Cs2CO3),碘化钾(KI),DMF,N2保护,80℃;
d为LiOH,THF,MeOH,H2O,室温;稀盐酸(1N);
e为NH2OTHP,EDCI,HOBT,NMM,DMF,室温。
其他化合物的制备路线与上述类似,均可参考上述路线进行制备,其中,化合物1-22参考路线一制备;化合物24参考路线二制备;化合物26-28参考路线三制备。
实施例1 N-羟基-4-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物1)的合成
(1)3-羟基-2-苯基-苯并吡喃-4-酮(31)的合成
在圆底烧瓶中依次加入2-羟基苯乙酮(5.00g,36.7mmol,1.0eq)、苯甲醛(3.90g,36.7mmol,1.0eq)、甲醇(50.0mL)、NaOH(4.40g,110mmol,3.0eq),75℃反应5h。待反应液冷却后,冰浴下依次滴加NaOH(0.5N,150mL)和30%H2O2(3.75g,184mmol,5.0eq),滴毕,室温反应2h。将反应液倾入冰水中,析出大量黄色固体,抽滤,滤饼经乙醇重结晶得黄色固体3.0g。
(2)4-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)苯甲酸甲酯(32)的合成
在圆底烧瓶中依次加入中间体31(200mg,0.840mmol,1.0eq)、对氯甲基苯甲酸甲酯(187mg,1.01mmol,1.2eq)、K2CO3(243mg,1.76mmol,2.1eq)和CH3CN(4.0mL),N2保护下于80℃反应。反应完毕后向反应瓶中加水,静置,析出固体,抽滤。滤饼经硅胶柱层析分离得类白色固体150mg。
(3)4-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)苯甲酸(33)的合成
在圆底烧瓶中加入中间体32(140mg,0.362mmol,1.0eq)和THF/MeOH/H2O混合溶剂(V/V/V=3:1:1,5.0mL),冰浴下加入LiOH(43.3mg,1.81mmol,5.0eq),转移至室温反应3h。减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,冰浴下用新制的稀盐酸(1N)调pH至4-5,抽滤得类白色固体120mg,直接用于下一步。
(4)4-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)-N-((四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)苯甲酰胺(34)的合成
在圆底烧瓶中依次加入中间体33(100mg,0.269mmol,1.0eq)、EDCI(56.7mg,0.296mmol,1.1eq)、HOBT(40.0mg,0.296mmol,1.1eq)和DMF(2.0mL),室温搅拌0.5h。随后加入NMM(90.7μL,0.807mmol,3.0eq)和NH2OTHP(34.7mg,0.296mmol,1.1eq),继续室温搅拌3h。依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、水、饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,DCM萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,经硅胶柱层析得类白色固体80mg。
(5)N-羟基-4-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(1)的合成
在圆底烧瓶中依次加入中间体34(70mg,0.149mmol,1.0eq)、DCM(2.0mL),冰浴下滴加TFA(0.5mL),室温反应。反应毕,减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,冰浴下滴加饱和碳酸氢钠溶液,调pH至7-8,抽滤,滤饼经硅胶柱层析得类白色固体40mg。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.18(s,1H),9.01(s,1H),8.15(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.02–7.96(m,2H),7.89–7.81(m,1H),7.76(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.58–7.54(m,3H),7.53–7.51(m,1H),7.39(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.14(s,2H);电喷雾质谱(ESI-HRMS)结果为:388.1173[M+H]+,即为化合物1。
实施例2 N-羟基-4-((2-((氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)乙酰氨基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物23)的合成
(1)2-((4-氧基-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)乙酸乙酯(35)的合成
在圆底烧瓶中依次加入中间体31(1.00g,4.20mmol,1.0eq)、溴乙酸乙酯(557μL,5.04mmol,1.2eq)、K2CO3(1.22g,8.82mmol,2.1eq)、CH3CN(10.0mL),N2保护下于80℃反应。向反应瓶中加入水,静置,抽滤,滤饼经硅胶柱层析得类白色固体1.1g。以路线2为准
(2)2-((4-氧基-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)乙酸(36)的合成
在圆底烧瓶中依次加入中间体35(1.00g,3.09mmol,1.0eq)和THF/MeOH/H2O混合溶剂(V/V/V=3:1:1,10.0mL),冰浴下加入LiOH(371mg,15.5mmol,5.0eq),室温反应3h。减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,冰浴下用新制的稀盐酸(1N)调pH至4-5,抽滤得类白色固体800mg,直接用于下一步反应。
(3)4-((2-((氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)乙酰氨基)甲基)苯甲酸甲酯(37)的合成
在圆底烧瓶中依次加入中间体36(200mg,0.675mmol,1.0eq)、EDCI(142mg,0.743mmol,1.1eq)、HOBT(100mg,0.743mmol,1.1eq)和DMF(4.0mL),室温搅拌0.5h后,依次加入对氨甲基苯甲酸甲酯盐酸盐(163mg,0.810mmol,1.2eq)、TEA(282μL,2.03mmol,3.0eq),继续室温反应2h。依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、水、饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,DCM萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,经硅胶柱层析得类白色固体180mg。
(4)4-((2-((氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)乙酰氨基)甲基)苯甲酸(38)的合成
在圆底烧瓶中依次加入中间体37(150mg,0.338mmol,1.0eq)和THF/MeOH/H2O混合溶剂(V/V/V=3:1:1,5.0mL),冰浴下加入LiOH(40.5mg,1.69mmol,5.0eq),转移至室温反应3h。减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,冰浴下用稀盐酸(1N)调pH至4-5,抽滤得类白色固体120mg,直接用于下一步。
(5)4-((2-((氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)乙酰氨基)甲基)-N-((四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)苯甲酰胺(39)的合成
在圆底烧瓶中依次加入中间体38(100mg,0.233mmol,1.0eq)、EDCI(49.1mg,0.256mmol,1.1eq)、HOBT(34.6mg,0.256mmol,1.1eq)和DMF(2.0mL),室温搅拌0.5h。随后加入NMM(78.6μL,0.699mmol,3.0eq)和NH2OTHP(30.0mg,0.256mmol,1.1eq),继续室温搅拌2h。依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、水、饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,DCM萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,经硅胶柱层析得类白色固体80mg。
(6)N-羟基-4-((2-((氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)乙酰氨基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(23)的合成
将实施例1中步骤(5)中间体34替换成中间体39制备得类白色固体化合物23。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.19(s,1H),9.00(s,1H),8.79(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),8.21–8.05(m,3H),7.92–7.82(m,1H),7.79(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.64–7.49(m,4H),7.34(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.55(s,2H),4.39(d,J=6.0Hz,2H);ESI-HRMS:445.1400[M+H]+,即为化合物23。
实施例3 N-羟基-2-(4-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-基)嘧啶-5-甲酰胺(化合物25)的合成
(1)4-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-色酮-3-基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯(40)的合成
在圆底烧瓶中加入中间体31(370mg,1.55mmol,1.0eq)、N-BOC-4-(((甲磺酰基)氧基)甲基)哌啶(502mg,1.71mmol,1.1eq)、K2CO3(428mg,3.10mmol,2.0eq)和DMF(8.0mL),60℃反应2h。向反应瓶中加入水,抽滤,滤饼经硅胶柱层析得类白色固体410mg。
(2)2-苯基-3-(哌啶-4-甲氧基)-4H-苯并吡喃-4-酮(41)
在圆底烧瓶中加入中间体40(400mg,0.920mmol,1.0eq)和DCM(8.0mL),冰浴下滴加TFA(2.0mL),转移至室温反应5h。真空减压浓缩除去有机溶剂,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、水、饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,DCM萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩得黄色油状物220mg,直接用于下一步。
(3)2-(4-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-基)嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯(42)的合成
在圆底烧瓶中依次加入中间体41(200mg,0.596mmol,1.0eq)、2-氯嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯(122mg,0.656mmol,1.1eq)、Cs2CO3(407mg,1.25mmol,2.1eq)、KI(119mg,0.715mmol,1.2eq)和DMF(4.0mL),N2保护下于80℃反应4h。依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、水、饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,DCM萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,经硅胶柱层析得类白色固体180mg。
(4)2-4-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-基)嘧啶-5-羧酸(43)的合成
在圆底烧瓶中依次加入中间体42(150mg,0.309mmol,1.0eq)和THF/MeOH/H2O混合溶剂(V/V/V=3:1:1,5.0mL),冰浴下加入LiOH(37.1mg,1.55mmol,5.0eq),转移至室温反应3h。减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,冰浴下用稀盐酸(1N)调pH至4-5,抽滤得类白色固体124mg,直接用于下一步。
(5)2-4-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-基)-N-((四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)氧基)嘧啶-5-甲酰胺(44)的合成
在圆底烧瓶中依次加入中间体43(100mg,0.219mmol,1.0eq)、EDCI(46.2mg,0.241mmol,1.1eq)、HOBT(32.6mg,0.241mmol,1.1eq)和DMF(2.0mL),室温搅拌0.5h。随后加入NMM(73.9μL,0.657mmol,3.0eq)和NH2OTHP(28.2mg,0.241mmol,1.1eq),继续室温搅拌3h。反应完毕后,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液、水、饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,DCM萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,经硅胶柱层析得类白色固体80mg。
(6)N-羟基-2-4-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)哌啶-1-基)嘧啶-5-甲酰胺(25)的合成
将实施例1中步骤(5)中间体34替换成中间体44制备得类白色固体化合物25。
核磁共振结果为1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.03(s,1H),8.97(s,1H),8.64(s,2H),8.10(dd,J=8.0,1.6Hz,1H),8.01(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.88–7.79(m,1H),7.74(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.60–7.54(m,3H),7.53–7.47(m,1H),4.69–4.63(m,1H),4.62–4.59(m,1H),3.88(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.99–2.81(m,2H),2.06–1.89(m,1H),1.74–1.66(m,2H),1.20–1.05(m,2H);ESI-HRMS:473.1816[M+H]+,即得化合物25。
实施例4 N-羟基-5-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)噻吩-2-甲酰胺(化合物2)的合成
化合物2按照实施例1制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(2)中将对氯甲基苯甲酸甲酯替换为5-(溴甲基)噻吩-2-羧酸甲酯,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.18(s,1H),9.11(s,1H),8.15(dd,J=8.0,1.6Hz,1H),8.04–7.93(m,2H),7.90–7.81(m,1H),7.76(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.61–7.49(m,4H),7.42–7.35(m,1H),7.02(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),5.32(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:394.0746[M+H]+,即为化合物2。
实施例5 N-羟基-5-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)异恶唑-3-甲酰胺(化合物3)的合成
化合物3按照实施例1制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(2)中将对氯甲基苯甲酸甲酯替换为5-(溴甲基)异恶唑-3-羧酸乙酯,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.49(s,1H),9.37(s,1H),8.15(dd,J=8.0,1.6Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.94(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.91–7.82(m,1H),7.78(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.57–7.49(m,4H),6.72(s,1H),5.34(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:379.0922[M+H]+,即为化合物3。
实施例6 4-(((2-(4-氯苯基)-4-氧代-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(化合物4)的合成
化合物4按照实施例1制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将苯甲醛替换为4-氯苯甲醛,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.20(s,1H),9.03(s,1H),8.14(dd,J=8.0,1.6Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.89–7.82(m,1H),7.76(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.62(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.56–7.49(m,1H),7.40(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.15(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:422.0786[M+H]+,即为化合物4。
实施例7 5-(((2-(4-氯苯基)-4-氧代-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)-N-羟基噻吩-2-甲酰胺(化合物5)的合成
化合物5按照实施例1制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将苯甲醛替换为4-氯苯甲醛,在步骤(2)中将对氯甲基苯甲酸甲酯替换为5-(溴甲基)噻吩-2-羧酸甲酯,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.17(s,1H),9.10(s,1H),8.15(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.86(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.76(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.61(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.53(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.47–7.38(m,1H),7.03(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),5.34(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:428.0534[M+H]+,即为化合物5。
实施例8 N-羟基-4-(((4-氧代-2-(噻吩-2-基)4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物6)的合成
化合物6按照实施例1制备,不同之处在于:步骤(1)中将苯甲醛替换为噻吩-2-甲醛,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.40(s,1H),9.21(s,1H),8.29(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.20(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),8.14(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),8.01(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.96–7.92(m,3H),7.80(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.68(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.48(t,J=4.4Hz,1H),5.47(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:394.0736[M+H]+,即为化合物6。
实施例9 4-(((2-(5-氯噻吩-2-基)-4-氧代-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(化合物7)的合成
化合物7按照实施例1制备,不同之处仅在于:在步骤(1)中将苯甲醛替换为5-氯噻吩-2-甲醛,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.23(s,1H),9.04(s,1H),8.11(dd,J=8.0,1.6Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),7.87–7.81(m,1H),7.80–7.74(m,3H),7.61(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.55–7.47(m,1H),7.36(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),5.33(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:428.0356[M+H]+,即为化合物7。
实施例10 5-(((2-(5-氯噻吩-2-基)-4-氧代-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)-氧基)甲基)-N-羟基噻吩-2-甲酰胺(化合物8)的合成
化合物8按照实施例1制备,不同之处仅在于:在步骤(1)中将苯甲醛替换为5-氯噻吩-2-甲醛,在步骤(2)中将对氯甲基苯甲酸甲酯替换为5-(溴甲基)噻吩-2-羧酸甲酯,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.23(s,1H),9.12(s,1H),8.11(dd,J=8.0,1.6Hz,1H),7.88(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),7.87–7.80(m,1H),7.75(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.51(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.49–7.41(m,1H),7.36(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),5.56(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:433.9921[M+H]+,即为化合物8。
实施例11 N-羟基-4-(((4-氧代-2-(吡啶-2-基)-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物9)的合成
化合物9按照实施例1制备,不同之处仅在于:步骤(1)中将苯甲醛替换为吡啶-2-甲醛,后处理时先用稀盐酸(1N)调pH至7,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.19(s,1H),9.04(s,1H),8.81–8.75(m,1H),8.17(dd,J=8.0,1.6Hz,1H),8.03–7.94(m,2H),7.92–7.80(m,1H),7.74(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.66(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.60–7.51(m,2H),7.37(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.18(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:389.1126[M+H]+,即为化合物9。
实施例12 N-羟基-4-(((4-氧代-2-(吡啶-3-基)-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物10)的合成
化合物10按照实施例1制备,不同之处仅在于:步骤(1)中将苯甲醛替换为吡啶-3-甲醛,后处理时先用稀盐酸(1N)调pH至7,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.19(s,1H),9.14(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.71(dd,J=4.8,1.6Hz,1H),8.33(dd,J=8.0,2.0Hz,1H),8.26–8.07(m,1H),7.90–7.83(m,1H),7.78(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.66(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.59–7.56(m,1H),7.55–7.51(m,1H),7.37(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.19(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:389.1131[M+H]+,即为化合物10。
实施例13 N-羟基-4-(((4-氧代-2-(吡啶-4-基)-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物11)的合成
化合物11按照实施例1制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将苯甲醛替换为吡啶-4-甲醛,后处理时先用稀盐酸(1N)调pH至7,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.20(s,1H),8.76(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.75(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.16(dd,J=8.0,1.6Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.93–7.83(m,1H),7.79(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.60–7.49(m,1H),7.42(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.22(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:389.1128[M+H]+,即为化合物11。
实施例14 4-(((6-氯-4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(化合物12)的合成
化合物12的合成参考实施例1制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将2-羟基苯乙酮替换为5-氯-2-羟基-苯乙酮,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.15(s,1H),8.99(s,1H),8.03(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.94(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.90–7.81(m,1H),7.80(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.58–7.45(m,3H),7.34(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.09(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:422.0786[M+H]+,即为化合物12。
实施例15 5-(((6-氯-4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)-N-羟基噻吩-2-甲酰胺(化合物13)的合成
化合物13按照实施例1制备,不同之处在于:步骤(1)中将2-羟基苯乙酮替换为5-氯-2-羟基苯乙酮,在步骤(2)中将对氯甲基苯甲酸甲酯替换为5-(溴甲基)噻吩-2-羧酸甲酯,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.18(s,1H),9.11(s,1H),8.08(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.94–7.85(m,1H),7.84(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.60–7.49(m,3H),7.42–7.35(m,1H),7.02(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),5.31(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:428.0345[M+H]+,即为化合物13。
实施例16 4-(((6-氯-2-(5-氯噻吩-2-基)-4-氧代-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)-N-羟基苯甲酰胺(化合物14)的合成
化合物14的合成参考实施例1制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将2-羟基苯乙酮替换为5-氯-2-羟基-苯乙酮,苯甲醛替换为5-氯噻吩-2-甲醛,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.23(s,1H),9.04(s,1H),8.02(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.92–7.85(m,2H),7.82(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.60(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),5.33(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:461.9968[M+H]+,即为化合物14。
实施例17 N-羟基-6-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-吡喃[3,2-b]吡啶-3-基)氧基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物15)的合成
化合物15按照实施例1制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将2-羟基苯乙酮替换为1-(3-羟基吡啶-2-基)乙酮,后处理时先用稀盐酸(1N)调pH至7,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.22(s,1H),8.82(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.27(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.01(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.99(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.86(dd,J=8.8,4.4Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.60–7.57(m,1H),7.56–7.55(m,1H),7.54–7.51(m,1H),7.39(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.15(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:389.1133[M+H]+,即为化合物15。
实施例18 N-羟基-6-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-吡喃[3,2-b]吡啶-3-基)氧基)甲基)烟酰胺(化合物16)的合成
化合物16按照实施例1制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将2-羟基苯乙酮替换为1-(3-羟基吡啶-2-基)乙酮,后处理时先用稀盐酸(1N)调pH至7;在步骤(2)中将对氯甲基苯甲酸甲酯替换为6-(溴甲基)烟酸甲酯,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.37(s,1H),9.17(s,1H),8.83(dd,J=4.4,1.6Hz,1H),8.80(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.29(dd,J=8.4,1.2Hz,1H),8.07(dd,J=8.4,2.4Hz,1H),8.05–7.98(m,2H),7.88(dd,J=8.8,4.4Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.57–7.49(m,3H),5.23(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:390.1084[M+H]+,即为化合物16。
实施例19 N-羟基-5-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-吡喃[3,2-b]吡啶-3-基)氧基)甲基)噻吩-2-甲酰胺(化合物17)的合成
化合物17按照实施例1制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将2-羟基苯乙酮替换为1-(3-羟基吡啶-2-基)乙酮,后处理时先用稀盐酸(1N)调pH至7,在步骤(2)中将对氯甲基苯甲酸甲酯替换为5-(溴甲基)噻吩-2-羧酸甲酯,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.18(s,1H),9.11(s,1H),8.83(dd,J=4.4,1.6Hz,1H),8.28(dd,J=8.4,1.2Hz,1H),8.01(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.99(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.87(dd,J=8.8,4.4Hz,1H),7.61–7.50(m,3H),7.44–7.37(m,1H),7.04(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),5.33(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:395.0691[M+H]+,即为化合物17。
实施例20 N-羟基-6-(((4-氧代-2-(吡啶-3-基)-4H-吡喃[3,2-b]吡啶-3-基)氧基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物18)的合成
化合物18按照实施例1制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将2-羟基苯乙酮替换为1-(3-羟基吡啶-2-基)乙酮,将苯甲醛替换为吡啶-3-甲醛,后处理时先用稀盐酸(1N)调pH至7,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.19(s,1H),9.14(s,1H),9.02(s,1H),8.84(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.71(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),8.37–8.27(m,2H),7.89(dd,J=8.8,4.4Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.60–7.53(m,1H),7.38(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),5.21(s,2H);ESI-HRMS:390.1071[M+H]+,即为化合物18。
实施例21 N-羟基-4-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-吡喃[3,2-c]吡啶-3-基)氧基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物19)的合成
化合物19按照实施例1制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将2-羟基苯乙酮替换为1-(4-羟基吡啶-3-基)乙酮,后处理时先用稀盐酸(1N)调pH至7,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。ESI-HRMS:389.1146[M+H]+,即为化合物19。
实施例22 N-羟基-4-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-吡喃[3,2-c]吡啶-3-基)氧基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物20)的合成
化合物20按照实施例1制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将2-羟基苯乙酮替换为1-(3-羟基吡啶-4-基)乙酮,后处理时先用稀盐酸(1N)调pH至7,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。ESI-HRMS:389.1141[M+H]+,即为化合物20。
实施例23 N-羟基-4-(((7-氧代-5-苯基-7H-噻吩[3,2-c]吡喃-6-基)氧基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物21)的合成
化合物21按照实施例1制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将2-羟基苯乙酮替换为3-羟基噻吩-2-乙酮,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。ESI-HRMS:394.0740[M+H]+,即为化合物21。
实施例24 N-羟基-5-(((7-氧代-5-苯基-7H-噻吩[3,2-b]吡喃-6-基)氧基)甲基)噻吩-2-甲酰胺(化合物22)的合成
化合物22按照实施例1制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将2-羟基苯乙酮替换为3-羟基噻吩-2-乙酮,在步骤(2)中将对氯甲基苯甲酸甲酯替换为5-(溴甲基)噻吩-2-羧酸甲酯,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。ESI-HRMS:400.0327[M+H]+,即为化合物22。
实施例25 N-羟基-4-((N-甲基-2-((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)乙酰氨基)甲基)苯甲酰胺(化合物24)的合成
化合物24按照实施例2制备,不同之处在于在步骤(3)中将对氨甲基苯甲酸甲酯盐酸盐替换为4-((甲氨基)甲基)苯甲酸甲酯盐酸盐,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。
核磁共振结果为:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.04(s,0.35H),11.02(s,0.6H),8.84(s,1H),8.02(dd,J=6.0,2.4Hz,1H),8.01–7.88(m,2H),7.73–7.63(m,1H),7.61–7.55(m,1H),7.57(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.53(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.45–7.35(m,3H),7.34–7.29(m,1H),7.11(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.09(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.91(s,1H),4.80(s,1H),4.45(s,1H),4.33(s,1H),2.70(s,2H),2.58(s,1H);ESI-HRMS:459.1551[M+H]+,即为化合物24。
实施例26 N-羟基-2-(3-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)吖啶-1-基)嘧啶-5-甲酰胺(化合物26)的合成
化合物26按照实施例3制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将N-BOC-4-(((甲磺酰基)氧基)甲基)哌啶替换为3-(((甲磺酰基)氧基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-1-甲酸叔丁酯,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。ESI-MS:445.1529[M+H]+,即为化合物26。
实施例27 N-羟基-2-(6-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-2-基)嘧啶-5-甲酰胺(化合物27)的合成
化合物27按照实施例3制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将N-BOC-4-(((甲磺酰基)氧基)甲基)哌啶替换为6-(((甲磺酰基)氧基)甲基)-2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。ESI-HRMS:485.1832[M+H]+,即为化合物27。
实施例28 N-羟基-2-[7-(((4-氧代-2-苯基-4H-苯并吡喃-3-基)氧基)甲基)2-氮杂螺[3.5]壬烷-2-基)嘧啶-5-甲酰胺(化合物28)的合成
化合物28按照实施例3制备,不同之处在于:在步骤(1)中将N-BOC-4-(甲磺酰基)氧基)甲基)哌啶替换为7-(((甲基磺酰基)氧基)甲基)-2-氮杂螺[3.5]壬烷-2-羧酸叔丁酯,后经相同的方法制得类白色固体。ESI-HRMS:513.2143[M+H]+,即为化合物28。
试验例1本发明化合物的HDAC6和HDAC1酶抑制活性
Tubastatin A系文献报道的代表性高选择性HDAC6抑制剂。本实施例以Tubastatin A、临床在研HDAC6抑制剂Ricolinostat和上市广谱HDAC抑制剂SAHA为阳性对照,采用Fluorescent-based HDAC Activity Assay(基于荧光的HDAC活性测定)评价本发明化合物的HDAC6、HDAC1抑制活性。本发明的其他化合物与以下所列举的化合物有类似的有益效果,但不应将此理解为本发明化合物仅具有以下有益效果。
HDAC6酶抑制活性的测试步骤为:以二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为溶媒,配制待测化合物储备液;按试剂盒说明,配制缓冲液,并用缓冲液配制HDAC6蛋白溶液与相应的Substrate/Trypsin混合溶液;将化合物溶液、酶溶液、Substrate/Trypsin混合溶液分别加入到384孔板中,以配制催化反应体系;室温孵育一定时间后,采用Synergy酶标仪连续读取荧光信号值,并选取线性反应段得到斜率(slope),进而计算各浓度下的抑制率,拟合得到半抑制浓度(IC50)。
化合物对HDAC1抑制活性的测试方法参考HDAC6抑制活性的测试方法,仅在测试相应酶抑制活性时更换催化反应体系底物。结果见表1。
表1化合物对HDAC6和HDAC1的酶抑制活性
表1中:“++++”代表0-20nM,“+++”代表20-100nM,“++”代表100-1000nM,“+”代表1000-10000nM。
文献表明,化合物抑制HDAC1的IC50与其抑制HDAC6的IC50间的差异可反映化合物的选择性(Eugene Guorong Yang et.al.Design and Synthesis of Janus Kinase 2(JAK2)and Histone Deacetlyase(HDAC)Bispecific Inhibitors Based on Pacritiniband Evidence of Dual Pathway Inhibition in Hematological CellLines.J.Med.Chem.2016,59,8233–8262)—当抑制HDAC1的IC50大于抑制HDAC6的IC50,且差异越大时,化合物的HDAC6选择性越优。由表1中数据可知,SAHA对HDAC1和HDAC6的抑制活性相当,对HDAC亚型缺乏选择性;而Tubastatin A对HDAC6和HDAC1的抑制活性差异显著,具有优良的HDAC6选择性。
符合通式(I)的化合物1、2、6、8-18对HDAC6的抑制活性均优于HDAC1,具有HDAC6选择性;其中,化合物1、6、8、12、15与Tubastatin A类似,具有显著的HDAC6抑制活性,抑酶的IC50低于20nM,并呈现出高亚型选择性;化合物2、9、18抑制HDAC6的IC50低于20或100nM,且具有良好的HDAC6选择性。符合通式(II)的化合物23、24,具有优良的HDAC1抑制活性,抑酶的IC50低于20或100nM。符合通式(III)的化合物25-28具有显著的HDAC1抑酶活性,且明显优于其对HDAC6的抑制活性。
试验例2本发明中化合物亚型选择性的进一步评价
文献表明,通过HDAC1、2、3、6、8、10、11抑制活性的测试可进一步反映化合物的亚型选择性(Chao-Wu Yu et.al.Quinazolin-2,4-dione-Based Hydroxamic Acids asSelective Histone Deacetylase-6Inhibitors for Treatment of Non-Small CellLung Cancer.J.Med.Chem.2019,62,857–874)。
化合物对其他HDAC异构酶抑制活性的测试方法参考HDAC6抑制活性的测试方法,仅在测试相应酶抑制活性时更换催化反应体系底物。
以下通过本发明部分化合物对HDAC1、2、3、6、8、10、11的抑制活性数据,进一步阐述化合物的选择性。不应理解为本发明仅以下化合物具有HDAC6或HDAC1和/或HDAC2和/或HDAC3选择性。结果见表2。
表2化合物对HDAC6或HDAC1和/或HDAC2和/或HDAC3的选择性
Cpd | HDAC1 | HDAC2 | HDAC3 | HDAC6 | HDAC8 | HDAC10 | HDAC11 |
1 | + | + | + | ++++ | + | + | + |
2 | ++ | + | + | ++++ | + | + | + |
6 | + | + | + | ++++ | + | + | + |
8 | + | + | + | ++++ | + | + | + |
12 | + | + | + | ++++ | + | + | + |
15 | + | + | + | ++++ | + | + | + |
25 | ++++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | + | + | + |
27 | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | ++ | + | + | + |
SAHA | ++++ | +++ | +++ | ++++ | +++ | ++++ | +++ |
Ricolinostat | +++ | + | + | ++++ | ++ | ++ | + |
Tubastatin A | + | + | + | ++++ | + | + | + |
表2中:“++++”代表0-20nM,“+++”代表20-100nM,“++”代表100-1000nM,“+”代表1000-10000nM。
由表2知,与Tubastatin A类似,符合通式(I)的化合物1、2、6、8、12、15对HDAC6具有显著的抑制活性,而对HDAC1、2、3、8、10、11的抑制活性明显弱于其对HDAC6的抑制活性,故为高选择性的HDAC6抑制剂,选择性明显优于临床在研HDAC6抑制剂Ricolinostat。符合通式(Ⅲ)的化合物25、27具有显著的HDAC1/2/3抑制活性,而对HDAC6、8、10、11的抑制活性相对较弱,故为选择性的HDAC1/2/3抑制剂。SAHA为广谱HDACs抑制剂,对HDAC1、2、3、6、8、10、11的抑制活性差异不明显,化合物1、2、6、8、12、15、25、27在显著抑制相应HDAC亚型的同时,有利于降低SAHA对所有HDAC亚型抑制所产生的毒性。
试验例3本发明化合物的抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性
本试验例以SAHA、Ricolinostat为阳性对照,采用CCK-8法评价本发明化合物对人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231、人乳腺导管癌细胞株T47D及结肠癌细胞株HCT116的抗增殖活性。本发明的其他化合物与以下所列举的化合物有类似的有益效果,但不应将此理解为本发明化合物仅具有以下有益效果。
测试步骤为:消化收集肿瘤细胞,以一定密度接种于96孔培养板,置于培养箱(37℃,5%CO2)中过夜。分别用不同浓度的化合物溶液处理细胞,化合物作用72h后,弃去培养基,再用PBS轻轻洗涤细胞3次。随后,向培养板各孔中分别加入一定体积的培养基和CCK-8,继续培养一定时间。最后采用多功能酶标仪于570nm波长下测定吸光度OD值,计算抑制率,IC50值由GraphPad Prism 5软件拟合得到。结果见表3。
表3化合物的抗肿瘤细胞增值活性
Cpd. | MDA-MB-231(IC50) | T47D(IC50) | HCT-116(IC50) |
1 | +++ | +++ | ++++ |
2 | +++ | +++ | +++ |
6 | +++ | +++ | +++ |
8 | +++ | +++ | +++ |
13 | +++ | +++ | +++ |
15 | ++++ | +++ | ++++ |
17 | +++ | ++++ | ++++ |
23 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ |
25 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ |
27 | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ |
SAHA | ++++ | +++ | ++++ |
Ricolinostat | +++ | +++ | ++ |
表3中:“++++”代表0-0.5μM,“+++”代表0.5-1.0μM,“++”代表1.0-5.0μM。
由表3中数据可知,所列举化合物(包括符合通式(I)的化合物1、2、6、8、13、15、17,符合通式(II)的化合物23,符合通式(III)的化合物25、27)均呈现出显著的抗实体瘤细胞株增殖活性,抗增殖的IC50在亚微摩尔级,活性与Ricolinostat相当或更优。
试验例4本发明化合物对正常细胞的毒性作用
本实施例以SAHA、Ricolinostat及Tubastatin A为对照,采用CCK-8法评价本发明化合物对人正常细胞HUVEC的毒性。本发明的其他化合物与以下所列举的化合物有类似的有益效果,但不应将此理解为本发明化合物仅具有以下有益效果。测试步骤与肿瘤细胞增殖抑制活性测试类似。结果见表4。
表4化合物对正常细胞HUVEC的毒性
Cpd. | HUVEC(IC50) | Cpd. | HUVEC(IC50) |
1 | ++ | 15 | ++ |
2 | ++ | 23 | ++ |
4 | ++ | 24 | ++ |
5 | ++ | 25 | ++ |
6 | ++ | 27 | ++ |
8 | ++ | SAHA | ++++ |
9 | ++ | Ricolinostat | +++ |
12 | ++ | Tubastatin A | +++ |
表4中:“++++”代表5-10μM,“+++”代表10-30μM,“++”代表30-100μM,“+”代表100-1000μM。
由表4中数据可知,所列举化合物(包括符合通式(I)的化合物1、2、4、5、6、8、9、12、15,符合通式(II)的化合物23、24,符合通式(III)的化合物25、27)对正常细胞的细胞毒性均较小,呈现出比Tubastatin A、临床在研HDAC6抑制剂Ricolinostat、上市广谱HDAC抑制剂SAHA更优的安全性。
试验例5本发明化合物的肿瘤免疫调控作用
本实施例采用Western blot法评价本发明化合物对肿瘤细胞免疫相关STAT3信号通路及免疫哨卡PD-L1表达的调控作用。本发明的其他化合物与以下所列举的化合物有类似的有益效果,但不应将此理解为本发明化合物仅具有以下有益效果。
测试步骤:将对数生长期的MDA-MB-231细胞消化后,吹打成单细胞悬液,以一定密度接种于6孔板,加入培养基,于培养箱中放置过夜。于给药各孔中分别加入不同浓度的受试化合物溶液,设置对照孔。孵育一定时间后,加入IL-6,并继续孵育。以PBS液洗涤细胞,NP-40裂解液裂解,离心,收集上清液。通过SDS-PAGE分离蛋白,转移至聚偏二氟乙烯膜(PVDF膜),分别以PD-L1、STAT3、P-STAT3(Y705)、Acetyl-α-tubulin(Lys40)、GAPDH抗体和二抗孵育,曝光。结果见图1和图2,其中,图1为化合物15对STAT3、P-STAT3(Y705)、Acetyl-α-tubulin(Lys40)、PD-L1表达水平的蛋白免疫印迹分析,图2中A为化合物15对MDA-MB-231细胞内Acetyl-α-tubulin(Lys40)调控水平的定量分析,图2中B为化合物15对MDA-MB-231细胞内P-STAT3(Y705)调控水平的定量分析,图2中C为化合物15对MDA-MB-231细胞内PD-L1调控水平的定量分析。
STAT3信号通路的激活可介导肿瘤免疫逃逸,P-STAT3(Y705)是该信号通路的重要生物标志物,其水平的上调反映该通路的激活;PD-L1是肿瘤细胞表面的免疫检查点,可通过与免疫细胞表面PD-1的相互作用,逃离免疫系统监控。图1表明,IL-6处理肿瘤细胞可导致P-STAT3(Y705)、PD-L1水平上调;符合式(Ⅰ)的高选择性HDAC6抑制剂(化合物15)在低至0.1μM浓度下,即可显著抵抗IL-6所致的P-STAT3(Y705)、PD-L1水平上调,且在整体上呈现剂量依赖性,提示化合物可通过干预STAT3信号通路激活及PD-L1表达,发挥肿瘤免疫调控作用,从而有效逆转肿瘤细胞的免疫逃逸。Tubulin是HDAC6的底物,化合物15处理后,可见肿瘤细胞内Ac-tubulin水平上调,表明化合物在细胞内,通过抑制HDAC6,调控P-STAT3(Y705)、PD-L1水平。因此,该化合物在高强度抑制HDAC6的同时,呈现出显著的抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性,且对HDAC6表现出优异的选择性,同时具有肿瘤免疫治疗活性。由于兼具抗肿瘤细胞增殖与免疫治疗活性,化合物可对肿瘤实现“多途径、多因素”的干预,有利于增强药效,延缓耐药。
文献表明,HDAC6is可通过调节细胞内炎症因子如IL-6的表达水平,获得抗炎疗效(Park,Jin Kyun et al.Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6suppressesinflammatory responses and invasiveness of fibroblast-like-synoviocytes ininflammatory arthritis.Arthritis Res.Ther.2021,23,177);通过抑制锌离子介导的β-淀粉样蛋白聚集、促进Tau蛋白清除等作用机制,发挥抗阿尔茨海默症疗效(Yu,Chao-Wu etal.Quinazolin-4-one derivatives as selective histone deacetylase-6inhibitorsfor the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.J.Med.Chem.2013,56,6775-6791;Rabal,Obdulia et al.Design,synthesis,biological evaluation and in vivo testing ofdual phosphodiesterase 5(PDE5)and histone deacetylase 6(HDAC6)-selectiveinhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Eur.J.Med.Chem.2018,150,506);通过增强Foxp3+调节性T细胞的免疫抑制能力,维持免疫稳态,从而减缓或逆转自身免疫性疾病的发病机制(Akimova,Tatiana et al.“Histone/protein deacetylaseinhibitors increase suppressive functions of human FOXP3+Tregs.Clin.Immunol.2010,136,348-363;Kalin,Jay H et al.Second-generationhistone deacetylase 6inhibitors enhance the immunosuppressive effects ofFoxp3+T-regulatory cell.J.Med.Chem.2012,55,639-651)。此外,HDAC6is还具有帕金森综合征、Rett综合征治疗效果(LoPresti P.HDAC6 in Diseases of Cognition and ofNeurons.Cells.2020,10,12.)。鉴于本发明部分化合物显著的HDAC6抑制效果与优良的亚型选择性,因此可以推论本发明提出的化合物具有治疗自身免疫性疾病、炎症、帕金森综合征、Rett综合征或阿尔茨海默症的应用前景。
Claims (10)
1.一类HDAC抑制剂,其特征在于,所述HDAC抑制剂为式(I)-(Ⅲ)任一通式所示的基于黄酮或黄酮拟似骨架的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、氘代物或光学异构体:
其中,W为至少被一个R1取代的C6-14芳基、C5-14杂芳基、C7-12芳烷基或C6-12杂芳烷基;
X为至少被一个R2取代的C6-14芳基、C5-14杂芳基、C7-12芳烷基或C6-12杂芳烷基;
Y为
环A为至少被一个R5取代的苯环、吡啶或噻吩;
R1、R2分别独立地选自氢、卤素、羟基、氰基、氨甲酰基、C1-6烷基或环烷基、C1-6烷氧基或C2-6不饱和脂链烃基;R3选自取代或非取代的C6-14芳基或C5-14杂芳基;R4选自氢、C1-6烷基或环烷基;R5选自氢、甲基或卤素;
n1=2-4;n2=0-3;n3=0-3。
2.如权利要求1所述的一类HDAC抑制剂,其特征在于,所述HDAC抑制剂选自以下任一化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或氘代物:
3.一类选择性HDAC6抑制剂,其特征在于,所述选择性HDAC6抑制剂为权利要求1中式(I)所示的基于黄酮或黄酮拟似骨架的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或氘代物。
4.一类选择性的HDAC1/2/3抑制剂,其特征在于,所述选择性HDAC1/2/3抑制剂为权利要求1中式(Ⅲ)所示的基于黄酮或黄酮拟似骨架的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或氘代物。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的HDAC抑制剂在制备HDAC抑制剂类药物中的应用。
6.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的HDAC抑制剂在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、炎症、帕金森综合征、Rett综合征或阿尔茨海默症药物中的应用。
7.一种HDAC抑制剂组合物,其特征在于,其包括如权利要求1-4任一项所述的HDAC抑制剂,还包括至少一种药用载体或赋形剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的HDAC抑制剂组合物,其特征在于,还包括至少一种治疗剂。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的HDAC抑制剂组合物,其特征在于,所述HDAC抑制剂组合物的剂型为临床上或药学上可接受的任一剂型。
10.如权利要求7-9任一项所述的HDAC抑制剂组合物在制备预防和/或治疗肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、炎症、帕金森综合征、Rett综合征或阿尔茨海默症药物中的应用。
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