CN117381322A - Preparation method of low-cost high-performance 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate - Google Patents
Preparation method of low-cost high-performance 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate with low cost and high performance. The method comprises the steps of performing blank cutting, surface cleaning, multi-layer assembly and vacuum seal welding on a 6xxx aluminum alloy sheet continuous casting blank, and then performing warm rolling welding, namely preparing a 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate by promoting interface metal to be solid-phase bonded through thermal deformation under vacuum condition, and finally further improving the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy thick plate through solution treatment and aging strengthening. The invention adopts the thin plate continuous casting blank produced in large scale as the base material, has good performance, few defects, high yield and low cost, does not need to carry out a long-time homogenizing annealing process, prepares the 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate by a vacuum warm rolling welding technology, can greatly reduce the production cost and energy consumption, fundamentally solves the problems of various defects left by the super-large aluminum ingot in the casting process, and obviously improves the quality of the obtained plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate with low cost and high performance.
Background
The 6xxx aluminum alloys are widely used in the fields of ship manufacturing, architectural profiles, rail traffic, etc., due to their good specific strength, corrosion resistance, formability, and damage resistance. In order to reduce the number of parts and welding procedures and realize the development of energy conservation, emission reduction and light weight, various large-scale key components are processed by adopting an ultra-thick plate. At present, the 6xxx aluminum alloy ultra-thick plate is mainly prepared by preparing an ultra-large aluminum alloy cast ingot by adopting a traditional direct water-cooling casting method and then performing hot rolling and thinning. However, the solidification process of the oversized ingot is uneven, so that the defects of serious macrosegregation, looseness, air holes, hot cracks and the like are easy to occur in the ingot, and the cast structure of the core part of the ingot is difficult to be completely broken in the subsequent hot rolling process due to the limitation of the compression ratio, and the problems can greatly reduce the service performance of the aluminum alloy thick plate. Therefore, related researchers develop technologies such as electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic treatment, but the problems cannot be solved fundamentally, a refining procedure has to be added in the actual production process, the melt is repeatedly purified, the contents of various oxide inclusions and hydrogen are reduced, so that various defect problems of the cast ingot are relieved, however, along with the increase of the refining times, the refining cost also rises exponentially, and the development of the aluminum industry is severely restricted. In addition, oversized ingots are subjected to long-time homogenizing annealing to eliminate serious dendrite segregation, which further increases production energy consumption.
In contrast, chinese patent (issued publication No. CN 109022938A) proposes "a method for producing and heat treating an aluminum alloy continuous casting continuous ingot" and chinese patent (issued publication No. CN109894586 a) proposes "a method for producing a low surface segregation layer thickness aluminum alloy continuous casting ingot" that indicates that an aluminum alloy sheet billet can be produced by a continuous casting process at present. Compared with the traditional direct water-cooling casting method, the slab produced by the continuous casting process is thinner, the temperature distribution of the melt is uniform, the required cooling strength is low, the casting stress is low, and the tendency of ingot tail heat cracking is low, so that the problems of shrinkage porosity, air entrainment porosity, cracking caused by tiny impurities and the like caused by slow melt crystallization feeding in the casting process can be effectively reduced, various processes such as sawing of large-scale cast ingots, surface milling, homogenizing annealing and the like are simplified, and the production energy consumption and cost of aluminum alloy are reduced. However, the continuous casting and rolling line cannot produce ultra-thick plates yet due to the limitations of the prior art. It is worth noting that the solid phase bonding technology has been widely used in the industry, which provides theoretical support for preparing ultra-thick plates from thin slabs of aluminum alloy.
Chinese patent (issued publication No. CN 113695502A) proposes a multi-layer metal cold deformation construction method, wherein metal elements are cold-pressed to form a preform, and interface metal healing is realized through vacuum high-temperature heat preservation treatment. However, the method has low strain, and stable nano-scale Al exists on the surface of the metal for aluminum alloy 2 O 3 The oxide film has limited breaking degree in the forging and pressing process, and is easy to form interface defects, which seriously inhibit the healing behavior of metal at the interface in the subsequent heat preservation process through recrystallization. Chinese patent (issued publication No. CN103692166 a) proposes "a method for producing an extra-thick alloy steel sheet", which is produced by welding a slab by an electron gun. Chinese patent (publication No. CN 112935708A) proposes a process for manufacturing an oversized wheel belt forging, and an electron gun is also used for sealing and welding a plate blank to prepare the oversized wheel belt forging. However, the 6xxx aluminum alloy electron beam welding is less effective and is very prone to cracking, which limits the industrial application of solid phase bonding techniques to aluminum alloy materials.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the preparation method of the 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate with low cost and high performance is provided by combining the excellent friction stir welding effect of the aluminum alloy, so as to solve the problems of serious internal defects, poor service performance, and excessively high production cost and energy consumption of the existing super-thick plate, and comprises the processes of blank cutting, surface cleaning, multi-layer assembly, vacuum seal welding, warm rolling welding, solution treatment, aging strengthening and the like.
The preparation method of the 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate with low cost and high performance comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting the 6xxx aluminum alloy sheet continuous casting blank into a plurality of equal-size slabs;
(2) Cleaning the upper and lower surfaces of the slab in the step (1), removing surface defects and thick oxide layers, and enabling the surface roughness of the slab to reach a set threshold value;
(3) Aligning and overlapping the plate blanks cleaned in the step (2) to form a multi-layer combined blank;
(4) Vacuum sealing welding is carried out on the multilayer combined blank, and a sealing welding blank with a vacuum interface is obtained;
(5) Placing the seal welding blank in a resistance furnace, heating and then performing warm rolling welding on the blank to obtain a rolled plate;
(6) And performing solution treatment and aging strengthening on the rolled plate, and then performing air cooling to room temperature to obtain the 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate.
Further, the cleaning in the step (2) is as follows: milling the upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum alloy, removing the surface oxide layer, removing greasy dirt by using alcohol and acetone, and finally drying the metal surface.
Further, the surface roughness of the plate blank in the step (2) is set to be less than or equal to 6.5 mu m.
Further, in the step (3), the side surfaces of the multi-layer combined blank are linearly welded along the thickness direction of the multi-layer combined blank, namely, the direction of the vertical interface, so as to fix the positions of the laminate blanks.
Further, the vacuum sealing welding in the step (4) is carried out in two ways, namely, the blank is subjected to circumferential annular sealing welding in a vacuum environment, and a group of sealing welding blanks are obtained; and the other is to seal and weld three sides of the combined blank under the atmospheric pressure state, namely, one side is reserved and not sealed and welded, so as to form a preform, the operation is repeated, the other preform is prepared, and the final seal and welding are carried out on the non-welded sides of the two groups of preforms under the vacuum environment, so that two groups of seal and welded blanks with vacuum interfaces are obtained.
Further, the warm rolling temperature range of the step (5) is 340-410 ℃, the rolling speed is 0.8-2 m/s, and the rolling reduction is 70-90%.
Further, in the step (6), the solid solution treatment is performed for 1 to 10 hours at 520 to 540 ℃ and the aging treatment is performed for 8 to 20 hours at 160 to 200 ℃.
Further, the room temperature residence time in step (6) is less than 4 hours.
The invention breaks through the traditional thought that the ultra-large cast ingot is required to be used for preparing the 6xxx aluminum alloy ultra-thick plate, and adopts the 6xxx aluminum alloy thin plate continuous casting blank with excellent quality and lower energy consumption and cost to prepare the ultra-thick plate. The aluminum alloy plate blank is subjected to vacuum seal welding by developing a vacuum friction stir welding machine to ensure the interface sealing effect, so as to solve the problem of poor welding quality of an aluminum alloy electron beam; in order to ensure that the 6xxx aluminum alloy has better metal fluidity so as to improve the metallurgical bonding effect, and simultaneously inhibit the formation and growth of a precipitated phase at a bonding interface so as to strengthen the interface performance, a warm rolling welding process is adopted.
The method comprises the steps of performing blank cutting, surface cleaning, multi-layer assembly and vacuum seal welding on a 6xxx aluminum alloy sheet continuous casting blank, and then performing warm rolling welding, namely preparing a 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate by promoting interface metal to be solid-phase bonded through thermal deformation under vacuum condition, and finally further improving the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy thick plate through solution treatment and aging strengthening.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Innovative aluminum thick plate preparation method
The invention provides a preparation method of a low-cost high-performance 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate, which breaks through the traditional thought that the aluminum alloy super-thick plate must be produced by adopting a super-large cast ingot, adopts a solid phase bonding technology to carry out vacuum warm rolling connection on a plurality of thin slabs with clean surfaces to prepare the super-thick aluminum plate, and achieves the effect of additive thickness making. In addition, in order to solve the problem of unstable interface vacuum caused by poor welding effect of the aluminum alloy electron beam, the plate blank is subjected to vacuum welding and sealing by adopting friction stir welding, so that the bonding interface is always in a vacuum environment and is not oxidized, and a good metallurgical bonding effect is obtained.
(2) The quality of the plate is obviously improved
The aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared by the traditional direct water-cooling casting method inevitably has the defects of macrosegregation, looseness, air holes, hot cracks and the like, so that the difference of the structure and the performance of the rolled plate in the thickness direction is caused, and the service performance of the plate is seriously influenced. The invention prepares the aluminum alloy thick plate by adopting the thin plate continuous casting blank with uniform and stable structure and performance through solid phase combination, can fundamentally solve various defect problems left by the ultra-large aluminum ingot in the casting process, and obviously improves the quality of the obtained plate.
(3) Greatly reduces the cost and energy consumption
When the traditional ingot hot rolling method is adopted to prepare the aluminum thick plate, in order to ensure the quality of the ultra-large aluminum alloy ingot, the melt is required to be repeatedly refined and purified, and the production cost is high. In addition, oversized ingots are subjected to long-time homogenizing annealing to eliminate serious dendrite segregation, which further increases production energy consumption. The invention adopts the thin plate continuous casting blank produced in large scale as the base material, has good performance, few defects, high yield and low cost, does not need to carry out a long-time homogenizing annealing process, prepares the 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate by a vacuum warm rolling welding technology, and can greatly reduce the production cost and the energy consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a production process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the assembly of two aluminum alloy sheets in accordance with example 1;
FIG. 3 is a macroscopic view of two 6xxx aluminum alloy plate blanks vacuum seal welded in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure view of the rolled bonding interface prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a microstructure view of the aged bond interface prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The aluminum alloy plate blank adopted in the embodiment of the invention is commercial grade AA6061 aluminum alloy plate.
The sandpaper in the examples of the present invention is a commercially available product.
The alcohol and the acetone in the embodiment of the invention are industrial products.
The surface cleaning treatment steps in the embodiment of the invention: milling the upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum alloy, removing the surface oxide layer, removing greasy dirt by using alcohol and acetone, and finally drying the metal surface.
The light alloy multifunctional friction stir welding machine adopted in the embodiment of the invention belongs to self-grinding equipment, and can stir friction welding aluminum and aluminum alloy in a vacuum environment.
The shaft shoulder structure of the stirring tool adopted in the embodiment of the invention is designed into a concave+concentric circle, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 22mm, the stirring needle is designed into a cone shape, the needle length is 7.8mm, and the root diameter is 8mm.
Welding parameters adopted in the embodiment of the invention: the rotating speed is 600r/min, the welding speed is 100mm/min, the shaft shoulder rolling reduction is controlled to be 0.5mm, and a tool inclination angle of 2 degrees is adopted.
The invention develops a preparation method of a 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate with low cost and high performance, which comprises the processes of blank cutting, surface cleaning, multi-layer assembly, vacuum seal welding, temperature welding, solution treatment, aging strengthening and the like. FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the production of a low cost, high performance 6xxx aluminum alloy super-slab in accordance with the present invention, schematically illustrating the principles of the invention, and further elaborating upon the following examples and figures.
Example 1
(1) Two pieces of AA6061 aluminum alloy sheet having dimensions (length×width×height) of 250×250×25mm were cut.
(2) And (3) cleaning the plate obtained in the step (1), milling the upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum alloy, removing the surface oxide layer, removing greasy dirt by using alcohol and acetone, and finally drying the metal surface to remove the surface oxide layer and the greasy dirt, wherein the roughness of the upper and lower surfaces reaches Ra4.5.
(3) And (3) aligning and superposing the plates obtained in the step (2) together, and fixing the plates on a rotatable mechanical platform in a vacuum chamber, as shown in fig. 2.
(4) Closing the vacuum chamber gate and starting the three-stage vacuum system to gradually reduce the indoor vacuum to 1×10 -2 Pa。
(5) Starting friction stir welding equipment, and carrying out circumferential annular vacuum seal welding on the circumferential contact interface of the plate fixed in the step (3) to obtain a blank, wherein the obtained blank is shown in figure 3.
(6) And (3) placing the welded blank in the step (5) into a resistance furnace at 390 ℃ for soaking for 3 hours, and then performing warm rolling welding, wherein the rolling speed is 1m/s, and the total rolling reduction is 80%.
(7) And (3) cutting the head, the tail and the edge of the thick aluminum plate obtained by rolling in the step (6) to obtain a rolled plate with the dimensions (length, width and height) of 1130, 230 and 10 mm.
(8) And (3) carrying out heat treatment strengthening on the plate rolled in the step (7), wherein the solid solution treatment process comprises the following steps: 540 ℃ x 1h; the aging treatment process comprises the following steps: 177 ℃ for 8h, and the room temperature residence time is less than 4h.
Metallographic samples are taken along the longitudinal sections of the AA6061 aluminum alloy plate material after warm rolling combination and solid solution aging in the embodiment 1, and optical photographs of microstructures at the combination interface of the corresponding rolling state and aging state are shown in fig. 4 and 5. It can be seen that the metals on both sides of the bonding interface (marked by micro hardness points) achieve a good metallurgical bond.
And respectively taking tensile samples along the thickness direction (Z direction) of the AA6061 aluminum alloy plate after warm rolling combination and solid solution aging in the embodiment 1, wherein the tensile samples in a rolling state and an aging state show ductile fracture, the Z-direction tensile strength at the interface of the plate in the rolling state is about 153MPa, and the performance of the plate is obviously improved after the solid solution aging treatment, and the Z-direction tensile strength is about 323MPa.
Example 2
(1) AA6061 aluminum alloy sheet having 8 block sizes (length×width×height) of 800×600×25mm was cut.
(2) And (3) cleaning the plate obtained in the step (1), milling the upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum alloy, removing the surface oxide layer, removing greasy dirt by using alcohol and acetone, and finally drying the metal surface to remove the surface oxide layer and the greasy dirt, wherein the roughness of the upper and lower surfaces reaches Ra6.3.
(3) And (3) aligning and superposing the plates obtained in the step (2) together, and linearly welding four sides of the combined blank along the thickness direction of the blank, namely the direction vertical to the interface, so as to fix the positions of the laminate blanks. And then, carrying out layer-by-layer sealing welding on three sides of the combined blank to obtain a preform with only one surface which is not welded.
Repeating steps (1) - (3) to prepare another preform, and then fixing the two combined preforms on a rotatable mechanical platform in a vacuum chamber, and enabling the unwelded surface to face outwards.
(4) Closing the vacuum chamber gate and starting the three-stage vacuum system to gradually reduce the indoor vacuum to 1×10 -2 Pa。
(5) Starting friction stir welding equipment, and finally sealing and welding the unwelded surfaces of the two prefabricated blanks in the step (3) in a vacuum environment, so that two groups of sealing and welding blanks with vacuum interfaces are obtained.
(6) Soaking the welded blank in the step (5) in a resistance furnace at 440 ℃ for 3 hours, then changing the temperature to 380 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 hours, then performing warm rolling at a rolling speed of 2m/s and a total rolling reduction of 80%, and obtaining the 6061 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of about 50mm.
(7) And (3) cutting the end, the tail and the edge of the aluminum thick plate obtained by rolling in the step (6) to obtain two rolled plates with the dimensions (length, width, and height) of about 3700, 560 and 40mm, wherein the Z-direction tensile strength of the rolled plates is about 155MPa.
(8) And (3) carrying out heat treatment strengthening on the plate sawed in the step (7), wherein the solid solution treatment process comprises the following steps: 540 ℃ for 3h; the aging treatment process comprises the following steps: 177 ℃ for 12h, the room temperature residence time is less than 4h, and the Z-direction tensile strength of the aging plate is about 312MPa.
Example 3
(1) AA6061 aluminum alloy sheet having 10 block sizes (length×width×height) of 1200×800×30mm was cut.
(2) And (3) cleaning the plate obtained in the step (1), milling the upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum alloy, removing the surface oxide layer, removing greasy dirt by using alcohol and acetone, and finally drying the metal surface to remove the surface oxide layer and the greasy dirt, wherein the roughness of the upper and lower surfaces reaches Ra4.7.
(3) And (3) aligning and superposing the plates obtained in the step (2) together, and carrying out linear welding on four sides of the combined blank along the thickness direction of the blank, namely the direction of a vertical interface, so as to fix the positions of the laminate blanks, and then fixing the combined blank on a rotatable mechanical platform in a vacuum chamber.
(4) Closing the vacuum chamber gate and starting the three-stage vacuum system to gradually reduce the indoor vacuum to 1×10 -2 Pa。
(5) Starting friction stir welding equipment, and performing layer-by-layer circumferential annular vacuum seal welding along the contact interface around the plate fixed in the step (3).
(6) And (3) placing the welded blank in the step (5) in a resistance furnace at 430 ℃ for soaking for 5 hours, then changing the temperature into 370 ℃, preserving the heat for 6 hours, and then performing warm rolling at a rolling speed of 1.5m/s and a total rolling reduction of 80%, wherein the thickness of the rolled 6061 aluminum alloy plate is about 60mm.
(7) And (3) cutting the head, the tail and the edge of the aluminum thick plate obtained by rolling in the step (6) to obtain a rolled plate with the dimensions (length, width, and height) of 5700, 760 and 60mm, wherein the Z-direction tensile strength of the rolled plate is about 154MPa.
(8) And (3) carrying out heat treatment strengthening on the plate sawed in the step (7), wherein the solid solution treatment process comprises the following steps: 540 ℃ for 5h; the aging treatment process comprises the following steps: the retention time at the room temperature is less than 4 hours at 180 ℃ multiplied by 14 hours, and the Z-direction tensile strength of the aging plate is about 315MPa.
Example 4
(1) AA6061 aluminum alloy sheet having 12 block sizes (length×width×height) of 1200×800×30mm was cut.
(2) And (3) cleaning the plate obtained in the step (1), milling the upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum alloy, removing the surface oxide layer, removing greasy dirt by using alcohol and acetone, and finally drying the metal surface to remove the surface oxide layer and the greasy dirt, wherein the roughness of the upper and lower surfaces reaches Ra 4.3.
(3) And (3) aligning and superposing the plates obtained in the step (2) together, and carrying out linear welding on four sides of the combined blank along the thickness direction of the blank, namely the direction of a vertical interface, so as to fix the positions of the laminate blanks, and then fixing the combined blank on a rotatable mechanical platform in a vacuum chamber.
(4) Closing the vacuum chamber gate and starting the three-stage vacuum system to gradually reduce the indoor vacuum to 1×10 -2 Pa。
(5) Starting friction stir welding equipment, and performing layer-by-layer circumferential annular vacuum seal welding along the contact interface around the plate fixed in the step (3).
(6) Soaking the welded blank in the step (5) in a resistance furnace at 440 ℃ for 4 hours, then changing the temperature to 380 ℃, preserving the heat for 6 hours, then performing warm rolling at a rolling speed of 1.5m/s and a total rolling reduction of 80%, and obtaining a6061 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of about 70mm.
(7) And (3) cutting the head, the tail and the edge of the aluminum thick plate obtained by rolling in the step (6) to obtain a rolled plate with the dimensions (length, width, and height) of about 7600, 760 and 70mm, wherein the Z-direction tensile strength of the rolled plate is about 151MPa.
(8) And (3) carrying out heat treatment strengthening on the plate sawed in the step (7), wherein the solid solution treatment process comprises the following steps: 540 ℃ for 6h; the aging treatment process comprises the following steps: 177 ℃ for 16h, the room temperature residence time is less than 4h, and the Z-direction tensile strength of the aging plate is about 317MPa.
Example 5
(1) AA6061 aluminum alloy sheet having 16 block sizes (length×width×height) of 1500×1000×30mm was cut.
(2) And (3) cleaning the plate obtained in the step (1), milling the upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum alloy, removing the surface oxide layer, removing greasy dirt by using alcohol and acetone, and finally drying the metal surface to remove the surface oxide layer and the greasy dirt, wherein the roughness of the upper and lower surfaces reaches Ra4.7.
(3) And (3) aligning and superposing the plates obtained in the step (2) together, and carrying out linear welding on four sides of the combined blank along the thickness direction of the blank, namely the direction of a vertical interface, so as to fix the positions of the laminate blanks, and then fixing the combined blank on a rotatable mechanical platform in a vacuum chamber.
(4) Closing the vacuum chamber gate and starting the three-stage vacuum system to gradually reduce the indoor vacuum to 1×10 -2 Pa。
(5) Starting friction stir welding equipment, and performing layer-by-layer circumferential annular vacuum seal welding along the contact interface around the plate fixed in the step (3).
(6) Soaking the welded blank in the step (5) in a resistance furnace at 450 ℃ for 6 hours, then changing the temperature to 390 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, then performing warm rolling at a rolling speed of 1.3m/s and a total rolling reduction of 85%, and obtaining a6061 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of about 70mm.
(7) And (3) cutting the end, the tail and the edge of the aluminum thick plate obtained by rolling in the step (6) to obtain a rolled plate with the dimensions (length, width, and height) of 9500, 950 and 70mm, wherein the Z-direction tensile strength of the rolled plate is about 156MPa.
(8) And (3) carrying out heat treatment strengthening on the plate sawed in the step (7), wherein the solid solution treatment process comprises the following steps: 540 ℃ for 6h; the aging treatment process comprises the following steps: the retention time at the room temperature is less than 4 hours at 180 ℃ multiplied by 16 hours, and the Z-direction tensile strength of the aging plate is about 325MPa.
Example 6
(1) AA6061 aluminum alloy sheet having 16 block sizes (length×width×height) of 1500×1000×30mm was cut.
(2) And (3) cleaning the plate obtained in the step (1), milling the upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum alloy, removing the surface oxide layer, removing greasy dirt by using alcohol and acetone, and finally drying the metal surface to remove the surface oxide layer and the greasy dirt, wherein the roughness of the upper and lower surfaces reaches Ra4.7.
(3) And (3) aligning and superposing the plates obtained in the step (2) together, and linearly welding four sides of the combined blank along the thickness direction of the blank, namely the direction vertical to the interface, so as to fix the positions of the laminate blanks. And then, carrying out layer-by-layer sealing welding on three sides of the combined blank to obtain a preform with only one surface which is not welded.
Repeating steps (1) - (3) to prepare another preform, and then fixing the two combined preforms on a rotatable mechanical platform in a vacuum chamber, and enabling the unwelded surface to face outwards.
(4) Closing the vacuum chamber gate and starting the three-stage vacuum system to gradually reduce the indoor vacuum to 1×10 -2 Pa。
(5) Starting friction stir welding equipment, and finally sealing and welding the unwelded surfaces of the two prefabricated blanks in the step (3) in a vacuum environment, so that two groups of sealing and welding blanks with vacuum interfaces are obtained.
(6) Soaking the welded blank in the step (5) in a resistance furnace at 450 ℃ for 6 hours, then changing the temperature to 390 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, then performing warm rolling at a rolling speed of 1.3m/s and a total rolling reduction of 85%, and obtaining a6061 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of about 70mm.
(7) And (3) cutting the end, the tail and the edge of the aluminum thick plate obtained by rolling in the step (6) to obtain two rolled plates with the dimensions (length, width, and height) of 9500 multiplied by 950 multiplied by 70mm, wherein the Z-direction tensile strength of the rolled plates is about 158MPa.
(8) And (3) carrying out heat treatment strengthening on the plate sawed in the step (7), wherein the solid solution treatment process comprises the following steps: 540 ℃ for 6h; the aging treatment process comprises the following steps: the retention time at the room temperature is less than 4 hours at 180 ℃ multiplied by 16 hours, and the Z-direction tensile strength of the aging plate is about 323MPa.
Example 7
(1) AA6061 aluminum alloy sheet having 20 block sizes (length×width×height) of 1800×1400×30mm was cut.
(2) And (3) cleaning the plate obtained in the step (1), milling the upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum alloy, removing the surface oxide layer, removing greasy dirt by using alcohol and acetone, and finally drying the metal surface to remove the surface oxide layer and the greasy dirt, wherein the roughness of the upper and lower surfaces reaches Ra5.3.
(3) And (3) aligning and superposing the plates obtained in the step (2) together, and carrying out linear welding on four sides of the combined blank along the thickness direction of the blank, namely the direction of a vertical interface, so as to fix the positions of the laminate blanks, and then fixing the combined blank on a rotatable mechanical platform in a vacuum chamber.
(4) Closing the vacuum chamber gate and starting the three-stage vacuum system to gradually reduce the indoor vacuum to 1×10 -2 Pa。
(5) Starting friction stir welding equipment, and performing layer-by-layer circumferential annular vacuum seal welding along the contact interface around the plate fixed in the step (3).
(6) Soaking the welded blank in the step (5) in a resistance furnace at 460 ℃ for 8 hours, then changing the temperature to 400 ℃, preserving the heat for 10 hours, then performing warm rolling at a rolling speed of 1.3m/s and a total rolling reduction of 85%, and obtaining a6061 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of about 90mm.
(7) And (3) cutting the head, the tail and the edge of the aluminum thick plate obtained by rolling in the step (6) to obtain a rolled plate with the dimensions (length, width and height) of 11400 multiplied by 1360 multiplied by 90mm, wherein the Z-direction tensile strength of the rolled plate is about 161MPa.
(8) And (3) carrying out heat treatment strengthening on the plate sawed in the step (7), wherein the solid solution treatment process comprises the following steps: 540 ℃ for 8h; the aging treatment process comprises the following steps: 177 ℃ for 20h, the room temperature residence time is less than 4h, and the Z-direction tensile strength of the aging plate is about 325MPa.
Example 8
(1) AA6061 aluminum alloy sheet having 20 block sizes (length×width×height) of 1800×1400×30mm was cut.
(2) And (3) cleaning the plate obtained in the step (1), milling the upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum alloy, removing the surface oxide layer, removing greasy dirt by using alcohol and acetone, and finally drying the metal surface to remove the surface oxide layer and the greasy dirt, wherein the roughness of the upper and lower surfaces reaches Ra5.3.
(3) And (3) aligning and superposing the plates obtained in the step (2) together, and linearly welding four sides of the combined blank along the thickness direction of the blank, namely the direction vertical to the interface, so as to fix the positions of the laminate blanks. And then, carrying out layer-by-layer sealing welding on three sides of the combined blank to obtain a preform with only one surface which is not welded.
Repeating steps (1) - (3) to prepare another preform, and then fixing the two combined preforms on a rotatable mechanical platform in a vacuum chamber, and enabling the unwelded surface to face outwards.
(4) Closing the vacuum chamber gate and starting the three-stage vacuum system to gradually reduce the indoor vacuum to 1×10 -2 Pa。
(5) Starting friction stir welding equipment, and finally sealing and welding the unwelded surfaces of the two prefabricated blanks in the step (3) in a vacuum environment, so that two groups of sealing and welding blanks with vacuum interfaces are obtained.
(6) Soaking the welded blank in the step (5) in a resistance furnace at 460 ℃ for 8 hours, then changing the temperature to 400 ℃, preserving the heat for 10 hours, then performing warm rolling at a rolling speed of 1.3m/s and a total rolling reduction of 85%, and obtaining a6061 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of about 90mm.
(7) And (3) cutting the end, the tail and the edge of the aluminum thick plate obtained by rolling in the step (6) to obtain two rolled plates with the dimensions (length, width and height) of 11400 multiplied by 1360 multiplied by 90mm, wherein the Z-direction tensile strength of the rolled plates is about 158MPa.
(8) And (3) carrying out heat treatment strengthening on the plate sawed in the step (7), wherein the solid solution treatment process comprises the following steps: 540 ℃ for 8h; the aging treatment process comprises the following steps: 177 ℃ for 20h, the residence time at room temperature is less than 4h, and the Z-direction tensile strength of the aging plate is about 326MPa.
The foregoing is merely illustrative and explanatory of the principles of this invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, as variations, modifications and alternatives to the embodiments described above will occur to those skilled in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate with low cost and high performance is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Cutting the 6xxx aluminum alloy sheet continuous casting blank into a plurality of equal-size slabs;
(2) Cleaning the upper and lower surfaces of the slab in the step (1), removing surface defects and thick oxide layers, and enabling the surface roughness of the slab to reach a set threshold value;
(3) Aligning and overlapping the plate blanks cleaned in the step (2) to form a multi-layer combined blank;
(4) Vacuum sealing welding is carried out on the multilayer combined blank, and a sealing welding blank with a vacuum interface is obtained;
(5) Placing the seal welding blank in a resistance furnace, heating and then performing warm rolling welding on the blank to obtain a rolled plate;
(6) And performing solution treatment and aging strengthening on the rolled plate, and then performing air cooling to room temperature to obtain the 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate.
2. The method of manufacturing a low cost, high performance 6xxx aluminum alloy super-slab in accordance with claim 1, wherein the cleaning in step (2) is: milling the upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum alloy, removing the surface oxide layer, removing greasy dirt by using alcohol and acetone, and finally drying the metal surface.
3. The method for manufacturing a low cost, high performance 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate of claim 1, wherein the sheet billet surface roughness in step (2) is set to a threshold of Ra less than or equal to 6.5 μm.
4. The method for manufacturing a 6xxx aluminum alloy ultra-thick plate having low cost and high performance according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the side surfaces of the multi-layer composite blank are linearly welded in the thickness direction of the multi-layer composite blank, i.e., in the direction of the vertical interface, so as to fix the positions of the laminate blanks.
5. The method for manufacturing a low-cost high-performance 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum sealing welding in the step (4) is performed in two ways, one is that the blank is subjected to circumferential annular sealing welding in a vacuum environment, and a group of sealing welding blanks are obtained; and the other is to seal and weld three sides of the combined blank under the atmospheric pressure state, namely, one side is reserved and not sealed and welded, so as to form a preform, the operation is repeated, the other preform is prepared, and the final seal and welding are carried out on the non-welded sides of the two groups of preforms under the vacuum environment, so that two groups of seal and welded blanks with vacuum interfaces are obtained.
6. The method for manufacturing a 6xxx aluminum alloy ultra-thick plate with low cost and high performance according to claim 1, wherein the warm rolling temperature in the step (5) ranges from 340 to 410 ℃, the rolling speed ranges from 0.8 to 2m/s, and the rolling reduction ranges from 70 to 90%.
7. The method for manufacturing a low cost high performance 6xxx aluminum alloy super-thick plate according to claim 1, wherein the solution treatment in the step (6) is 520 to 540 ℃ x 1 to 10 hours, and the aging treatment is 160 to 200 ℃ x 8 to 20 hours.
8. The method for producing a low cost, high performance 6xxx aluminum alloy super-slab of claim 1, wherein the room temperature residence time in step (6) is less than 4 hours.
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