CN117379558A - 一种盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- VKJGBAJNNALVAV-UHFFFAOYSA-M Berberine chloride (TN) Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=C2CC[N+]3=CC4=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C4C=C3C2=CC2=C1OCO2 VKJGBAJNNALVAV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
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- CWVRJTMFETXNAD-FWCWNIRPSA-N 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid Natural products O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@](O)(C(O)=O)C[C@H]1OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CWVRJTMFETXNAD-FWCWNIRPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- PZIRUHCJZBGLDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caffeoylquinic acid Natural products CC(CCC(=O)C(C)C1C(=O)CC2C3CC(O)C4CC(O)CCC4(C)C3CCC12C)C(=O)O PZIRUHCJZBGLDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- CWVRJTMFETXNAD-KLZCAUPSSA-N Neochlorogenin-saeure Natural products O[C@H]1C[C@@](O)(C[C@@H](OC(=O)C=Cc2ccc(O)c(O)c2)[C@@H]1O)C(=O)O CWVRJTMFETXNAD-KLZCAUPSSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- CWVRJTMFETXNAD-JUHZACGLSA-N chlorogenic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)C[C@@](O)(C(O)=O)C[C@H]1OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 CWVRJTMFETXNAD-JUHZACGLSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
- A61K47/542—Carboxylic acids, e.g. a fatty acid or an amino acid
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物及其制备方法,其制备方法包括以下步骤:将盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸共混加入溶剂研磨,然后用溶剂洗涤溶解,采用真空旋转蒸发法析出固体,制得。本发明制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物通过形成共无定形的方式改善了盐酸小檗碱在0.1mol/L HCl缓冲液和水中的溶解度,为盐酸小檗碱治疗胃部疾病口服制剂和外用制剂的开发提供参考;还改善了盐酸小檗碱的溶出速率和生物利用度,为盐酸小檗碱速释制剂的开发提供参考;此外,本发明制备方法简单易行,条件温和且容易控制,重现性好,容易实现大规模的工业生产,生产成本低,具有极大的商业应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,具体涉及一种盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
共无定形药物是将活性药物成分和其他药物或辅料等小分子固体组分混合形成的一种二元单相无定形固体分散体给药系统。组分间可通过氢键、π-π堆积等非共价键连接或无相互作用力,作为一种新颖的药物传递系统,共无定形药物可能改善水难溶性药物的溶解度和口服生物利用度问题,为仿制药物和复方药物的开发提供了新的策略和思路。现有技术中药物共无定形的制备方法有熔融-骤冷法、溶剂挥发法、球磨法、冻干法、喷雾干燥法等。共无定形药物可以改善水难溶性药物的溶解度,提高药物的口服生物利用度,是一种应用前景广阔的制剂技术。
盐酸小檗碱(Berberine hydrochloride),别名黄连素,是黄连中最主要的成分,其分子式为C20H18ClNO4。其药物活性丰富,现代药理研究已经发现,盐酸小檗碱具有抗菌、抗炎、抗心律失常、抗肿瘤、抗高血压及糖尿病等作用;由于,小檗碱为一种季铵生物碱,脂溶性较低,且其盐类在水中的溶解度都比较小,例如盐酸盐为1:500,硫酸盐为1:30。盐酸小檗碱水溶性与脂溶性均较差的缺点导致了其口服利用度低,生物半衰期短,目前在临床上用于治疗胃肠道细菌感染效果较好,没有明显的副作用,但是严重限制了盐酸小檗碱用于其他疾病的治疗。因此,提高盐酸小檗碱的溶解度问题,改善其临床治疗效果也是迫在眉睫的问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的是提供一种盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物及其制备方法,以解决现有盐酸小檗碱溶解度低,临床治疗效果差的问题。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:
一种盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸共混加入溶剂研磨,然后对其进行洗涤溶解,采用真空旋转蒸发法析出固体,制得。
绿原酸(chlorogenic acid,CGA)是奎尼酸与反式肉桂酸缩合而成的酯类化合物,广泛存在于高等双子叶植物和蕨类植物中,CGA便宜易得、绿色安全,并且具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗突变和抗癌变、降血脂和降血压、保护心血管和中枢神经、抑制糖尿病等多方面的药理作用。当两种组分间存在强分子间相互作用时,易溶性的配体可以辅助难水溶性药物的溶解。绿原酸水溶性较好,且分子结构中含有多个酚羟基和一个羧基,是一个较好的氢键供体,易于与盐酸小檗碱反生反应。
进一步地,盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸的摩尔比为2:1-1:5。
进一步地,盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸的摩尔比为1:2。
进一步地,溶剂为甲醇、乙醇或丙酮。
优选地,溶剂为甲醇。
进一步地,洗涤溶解采用的溶剂为甲醇、乙醇或丙酮。
优选地,洗涤溶解采用的溶剂为甲醇。
进一步地,研磨的时间为20-40min。
进一步地,真空旋转蒸发法的温度为40-60℃。
优选地,真空旋转蒸发法的温度为50℃。
一种盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物,采用上述的制备方法制得。
上述的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物在制备盐酸小檗碱药用制剂中的应用。
药物共无定形是将活性药物成分和其他药物或辅料等小分子固体组分混合形成的一种二元单相无定形固体分散体给药系统。不是各组分无定形的简单物理混合,而是在分子水平上混合所形成的均匀的单相体系。相对于晶型药物,无定形药物具有较大的表面自由能,在溶出过程中,无需克服晶格能的限制,因此,具有较高的溶解度和溶出速率。由于药物和其他小分子的相互作用,从而降低了分子迁移率,抑制了药物成核和晶体生长。药物和配体之间的相互作用不仅可以防止溶剂介导的药物重结晶,而且可以加速药物的溶解,实现药物的同步释放和维持药物的过饱和状态。
本发明中盐酸小檗碱与绿原酸形成的共无定形体之间存在分子间氢键作用,且绿原酸的水溶性较好,当两种组分间存在强分子间相互作用时,易溶性的配体可以辅助难水溶性药物的溶解。因此盐酸小檗碱的溶解度得到很好的改善。无定形态的盐酸小檗碱溶出性能也得到了很好的改善,具体体现为溶出速率的增大。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物通过形成共无定形的方式改善了盐酸小檗碱在0.1mol/L HCl缓冲液和水中的溶解度,为盐酸小檗碱治疗胃部疾病口服制剂和外用制剂的开发提供参考。
(2)本发明制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形改善了盐酸小檗碱的溶出速率和生物利用度,为盐酸小檗碱速释制剂的开发提供参考。
(3)本发明中盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的制备方法简单易行,条件温和且容易控制,重现性好,容易实现大规模的工业生产,生产成本低,具有极大的商业应用价值。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的粉末X射线衍射图;
图2为实施例1制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的热分析图;
图3为实施例1制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的红外光谱图;
图4为实施例1-4制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的平衡溶解度柱状图;
图5为实施例1-3制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的粉末累积溶出度曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
本发明中使用的原料如下:
盐酸小檗碱,化学名称为5,6-二氢-9,10-二甲氧苯并[g]-1,3-苯并二氧环戊烷[5,6-a]喹嗪盐酸盐,分子式为C20H18ClNO4,结构式为:
绿原酸:化学名称为(1S,3R,4R,5R)-3-[[3-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-1-氧代-2-丙烯基]氧]1,4,5-三羟基环己烷甲酸,分子式为C16H18O9,结构式为:
实施例1:
一种盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取摩尔比为1:1的盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸加入到研钵中,研磨过程中滴加2滴甲醇共同研磨,研磨时间30min,然后用甲醇将所得固体洗涤溶解,溶液于50℃下进行真空旋转蒸发,制得黄色固体盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物。
实施例2:
一种盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取摩尔比为1:2的盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸加入到研钵中,研磨过程中滴加2滴甲醇共同研磨,研磨时间30min,然后用甲醇将所得固体洗涤溶解,溶液于50℃下进行真空旋转蒸发,制得黄色固体盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物。
实施例3:
一种盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取摩尔比为1:3的盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸加入到研钵中,研磨过程中滴加2滴甲醇共同研磨,研磨时间30min,然后用甲醇将所得固体洗涤溶解,溶液于50℃下进行真空旋转蒸发,制得黄色固体盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物。
实施例4:
一种盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取摩尔比为1:5的盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸加入到研钵中,研磨过程中滴加2滴甲醇共同研磨,研磨时间30min,然后用甲醇将所得固体洗涤溶解,溶液于50℃下进行真空旋转蒸发,制得黄色固体盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物。
实施例5:
一种盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取摩尔比为1:1的盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸加入到研钵中,研磨过程中滴加2滴乙醇共同研磨,研磨时间30min,然后用乙醇将所得固体洗涤溶解,溶液于50℃下进行真空旋转蒸发,制得黄色固体盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物。
实施例6:
一种盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取摩尔比为1:2的盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸加入到研钵中,研磨过程中滴加2滴乙醇共同研磨,研磨时间30min,然后用乙醇将所得固体洗涤溶解,溶液于50℃下进行真空旋转蒸发,制得黄色固体盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物。
试验例1:粉末X射线衍射实验
取实施例2制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物、盐酸小檗碱、绿原酸以及盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸的物理混合产物进行粉末X射线衍射实验,表征条件如下:
仪器:日本理学,Ulitma IV,CuKα辐射;
检测条件:扫描范围2θ为5-50°,扫描速度10°/min。
实验结果如图1所示,实施例2制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的图谱中无特征衍射峰。而盐酸小檗碱的X射线衍射图谱,以衍射角2θ表示为:在7.2°、8.7°、9.2°、13.1°、14.1°、16.4°、20.5°、21.1°、24.6°、25.6°、26.6°处有特征衍射峰,绿原酸的X射线衍射(PXRD)图谱,以衍射角2θ表示为:9.6°、14.7°、15.8°、16.6°、18.7°、19.8°、20.9°、21.9°、23.2°、24.6°、25.3°、25.5°、26.1°、30.3°、35.1°、44.3°有特征衍射峰,在说明晶态盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸都成功转变为无定形态,与物理混合物有明显的区别。
试验例2:热分析实验
取实施例2制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物、盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸进行热分析(TG-DSC)表征,表征条件如下:
仪器:瑞士梅特勒托利多,TGA/DSC1专业型热分析仪器;
检测条件:氮气氛围,升温速度10℃/min,温度范围:室温-500℃。
实验结果如图2所示,盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的TG-DSC图谱,与母体药物相比,共无定形显示出独特和不同的热性质。盐酸小檗碱二水合物的DSC曲线可通过观察到两个离散吸热峰来表征,典型吸热峰为125.3℃和194.8℃。在125.3℃处检测到的吸热峰对应于晶格脱水,在194.8℃处检测到的尖峰归因于与大量但不完全的重量损失相关的分解。盐酸小檗碱的相应TG曲线显示,在125.3℃下失重8.4%,与理论计算值8.8%基本一致,确定了两个水分子的脱水。绿原酸的TG曲线在96℃时失重1.2%,可能是水分子的失重,伴有200.3℃时的失重,表明绿原酸在熔化时逐渐分解蒸发,DSC曲线在200.3℃处出现强而尖锐的单一吸热峰。共无定形的DSC曲线在250℃产生特征吸热峰,这确保了其相应母体化合物的消失,且具有单一的玻璃态转变温度,则表明2种组分能在分子水平上混合均匀并形成单相共无定形系统,且两组分之间发生反应建立了共无定形的形成。此外,共无定形的TG曲线显示90℃时的失重率为1.4%,这与计算出的含有一个水分子的理论失重率为1.6%基本兼容,证实了盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物可能包含一个水分子。
试验例3:傅里叶红外表征
取实施例2制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物、盐酸小檗碱、绿原酸以及盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸的物理混合产物进行傅里叶红外表征,表征条件如下:
仪器:傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(天津港东科技发展股份有限公司),FTIR-650型;
检测条件:扫描波段为4000-400cm-1,样品采用KBr固体压片,分辨率为4cm-1。
实验结果如图3所示,盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的IR图,盐酸小檗碱在3336cm-1及1565cm-1处有特征峰,绿原酸在3297cm-1和1676cm-1处有特征峰,盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物在3145cm-1、1652cm-1及1562cm-1处有特征峰。由图可知,相对于盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸,盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物中的-OH的伸缩振动峰像低波数方向移动了152cm-1,C=O的伸缩振动峰像低波数方向移动了24cm-1,且-OH的伸缩振动谱带变宽变强,说明盐酸小檗碱与绿原酸之间可能存在氢键相互作用,生成了新相。
试验例4:溶出度和固有溶出速率实验
取盐酸小檗碱和实施例1-4制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物分别测定其溶出度和固有溶出速率。
检测仪器为:溶出度试验仪(天津盛达三合光学仪器有限公司),ZRS-8G;高效液相色谱仪(赛默飞)。
实验方法:
(1)溶出度检测:称取过量盐酸小檗碱和实施例1-4制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物分别置于10mL EP管中,分别悬浮在3mL 0.1mol/L HCl盐酸缓冲液、pH 4.5磷酸盐缓冲液、pH 6.8磷酸盐缓冲液和水中,在37℃下振荡48h,以达平衡状态,将溶液用0.22μm滤膜过滤,然后用体积分数为50%甲醇将滤液稀释到HPLC测定所需的适当浓度。HPLC所使用的色谱条件为使用C18柱(4.6×250mm,5.0μm)通过高效液相色谱,流动相由A相磷酸盐缓冲液(0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾,使用磷酸溶液调pH至4)和B相乙腈组成,流速:1.0mL/min,梯度洗脱:0-10min,A:B(体积比为80:20),检测波长:327nm;13-28min,A:B(体积比为69:31),检测波长:345nm;28-30min,A:B(体积比为80:20);柱温:30℃;进样量:10μL。
实验结果如图4所示,结果显示,盐酸小檗碱在0.1mol/L HCl盐酸缓冲液和水中的溶解度分别为0.263±0.005mg/mL(n=3)和1.412±0.14mg/mL(n=3),实施例2制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物在0.1mol/L HCl和水中的溶解度分别为15.830±0.22mg/mL(n=3)和9.780±0.13mg/mL(n=3),其溶解度分别改善了60.2倍和6.9倍。
(2)固有溶出速率检测:
精确称取盐酸小檗碱(100mg)、实施例1-3制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物,以900mL 0.1mol/L的盐酸缓冲液为溶出介质,采用浆法,设置转速为50rpm/min,测量温度为37℃,投料时开始计时,分别在5、10、15、25、30、45、60、90和120min取出5mL的溶出介质,每次取完之后补充相同体积的新鲜溶出介质,将取出的溶出介质用0.22μm滤膜过滤,滤液用体积分数为50%的甲醇稀释,使用HPLC测定其含量,检测条件同步骤(1)中溶出度检测。
实验结果如图5所示,结果显示,盐酸小檗碱在90min时才达到完全释放、而本发明实施例1-3制得的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物在5min时就已经释放完全。表明盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物能够在溶出介质中迅速释放,显著提高了盐酸小檗碱的溶出速率。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸共混加入溶剂研磨,然后对其进行洗涤溶解,采用真空旋转蒸发法析出固体,制得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸的摩尔比为2:1-1:5。
3.根据权利要求2所述的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述盐酸小檗碱和绿原酸的摩尔比为1:2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂均为甲醇、乙醇或丙酮。
5.根据权利要求1所述的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述洗涤溶解采用的溶剂为甲醇、乙醇或丙酮。
6.根据权利要求1所述的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述研磨的时间为20-40min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述真空旋转蒸发法的温度为40-60℃。
8.一种盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物,其特征在于,采用权利要求1-7任一项所述的制备方法制得。
9.权利要求8所述的盐酸小檗碱共无定形药物在制备盐酸小檗碱药用制剂中的应用。
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