CN117375158A - Intelligent operation and maintenance method and system for vehicle retired battery pack echelon energy storage system - Google Patents
Intelligent operation and maintenance method and system for vehicle retired battery pack echelon energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117375158A CN117375158A CN202311320546.0A CN202311320546A CN117375158A CN 117375158 A CN117375158 A CN 117375158A CN 202311320546 A CN202311320546 A CN 202311320546A CN 117375158 A CN117375158 A CN 117375158A
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 32
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- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
- H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0036—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using connection detecting circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to an intelligent operation and maintenance method and system for a vehicle retired battery pack echelon energy storage system, comprising the following steps: acquiring real-time data of a battery, wherein the real-time data comprise charging/discharging multiplying power, charging cut-off voltage, discharging cut-off voltage, total voltage of each time point in a preset time period, single voltage of each time point in the preset time period, energy attenuation rate and fault information; and monitoring the running state of the battery according to each real-time data and through a detection model corresponding to each real-time data, and carrying out intelligent operation and maintenance on the battery pack echelon energy storage system according to the running state of the battery, wherein the detection model comprises at least one of a charge and discharge strategy optimization model, an equalization starting model, a battery pack calibration model and a fault processing model. The intelligent operation and maintenance method solves the problems that the original control strategy is not applicable, the optimal performance of the echelon battery is difficult to develop by the fixed strategy, the service life and the safety of the echelon battery are guaranteed, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery recovery, in particular to an intelligent operation and maintenance method and system of a vehicle retired battery pack echelon energy storage system.
Background
The recovery and reuse of the power battery is a key link for forming a closed loop of the power battery industry chain, and has important values in the aspects of environmental protection, resource recovery, improvement of the whole life cycle value of the power battery and the like. In general, when the residual capacity of the power battery of the new energy automobile is reduced to 70% -80% of the initial capacity, the vehicle-mounted use requirement cannot be met. The retired power battery still has the capability to be used in the fields of low-speed electric vehicles, standby power supplies, electric power energy storage and the like with relatively good operation conditions and lower requirements on battery performance after links such as testing, screening and recombination. Along with the increasing promotion and application of new energy automobiles, the concept of gradient utilization of power batteries has been developed and is widely focused. It is expected that 2021-2025 chinese retired power cells will reach 33.95GWh, 55.38GWh, 76.25GWh, 99.21GWh, 134.49GWh, so to speak, that echelon utilization has huge potential scale and market space, where the energy storage field will be one of the most important application scenarios in the future.
It is currently generally considered in the industry that the cascade utilization in a whole package manner is a mode with lower cost, higher economy and relatively reliable safety, but the following problems need to be considered at the same time: the original control strategy is to control the use of new batteries, and the control strategy has the problems that the optimal performance of the echelon batteries of the retired battery pack for the vehicle is difficult to develop, the service life of the echelon batteries is ensured, the safety is guaranteed, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an intelligent operation and maintenance method and system for a vehicle retired battery pack echelon energy storage system, which aims to solve the problems that an original control strategy is not applicable, a fixed strategy is difficult to exert the optimal performance of an echelon battery, the service life of the echelon battery is guaranteed, the safety is guaranteed and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an intelligent operation and maintenance method of a vehicle retired battery pack echelon energy storage system, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring real-time data of a battery, wherein the real-time data comprise charging/discharging multiplying power, charging cut-off voltage, discharging cut-off voltage, single voltage at each time point in a preset time period, total voltage at each time point in the preset time period, energy attenuation rate and fault information;
according to each real-time data, monitoring the running state of the battery through a detection model corresponding to each real-time data;
according to the running state of the battery, performing intelligent operation and maintenance on the battery pack echelon energy storage system;
the detection model comprises at least one of a charge-discharge strategy optimization model, an equalization starting model, a battery pack calibration model and a fault processing model, wherein:
if each real-time data comprises a charge/discharge multiplying power, a charge cut-off voltage and a discharge cut-off voltage, detecting the charge/discharge multiplying power, the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage through a charge/discharge strategy optimization model;
If each real-time data comprises the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period, detecting the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period through an equilibrium starting model;
if each real-time data comprises the energy attenuation rate, detecting the energy attenuation rate through a battery pack calibration model;
and if each real-time data comprises fault information, notifying a maintenance person to maintain the battery through the fault processing model.
The intelligent operation and maintenance method of the retired battery pack echelon energy storage system for the vehicle has the advantages that: according to the real-time data of the battery, the operation state of the recycled battery is monitored through a detection model corresponding to each real-time data, so that a new strategy is appointed to replace an old strategy, the retired battery for the vehicle obtains the best performance, the service life and safety of the battery are guaranteed, and the problems that the original control strategy is not applicable, the best performance of the echelon battery is difficult to exert by a fixed strategy, the service life and safety of the echelon battery are guaranteed are solved.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the intelligent operation and maintenance method of the vehicle retired battery pack echelon energy storage system can be improved as follows.
Further, the detecting the charge/discharge rate, the charge cutoff voltage, and the discharge cutoff voltage through the charge/discharge strategy optimization model includes:
if the charge/discharge multiplying power is not the target charge/discharge multiplying power, the charge/discharge multiplying power is adjusted to be the target charge/discharge multiplying power, if the charge cut-off voltage is not the target charge cut-off voltage, the charge cut-off voltage is adjusted to be the target charge cut-off voltage, and if the discharge cut-off voltage is not the target discharge cut-off voltage, the discharge cut-off voltage is adjusted to be the target discharge cut-off voltage;
detecting the monomer voltage at each time point in a preset time period through an equalization starting model, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
if the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period is not less than a first threshold value, judging that the voltage of the battery is abnormal;
the energy attenuation rate is detected through a battery pack calibration model, and the method comprises the following steps:
and if the energy attenuation rate is not smaller than the second threshold value, judging that the battery is abnormal in operation.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: different real-time data are monitored through different models, so that the monitoring of the performance state of the vehicle retired battery in all aspects is realized.
Further, the method further comprises the steps of:
Acquiring the charging/discharging current of the battery at each time point in a preset time period, the change value of the charge state of the battery in the preset time period and the rated capacity of the battery;
according to the total current charged/discharged in a preset time period and the change value of the charge state of the battery in the preset time period, determining the current actual capacity value of the battery through a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
wherein, C represents the current actual capacity value of the battery, t represents the duration corresponding to the preset time period, t1, … and tn represent each time point in the preset time period, I represents the total current charged/discharged in the preset time period, and delta SOC represents the change value of the charge state of the battery in the preset time period;
according to the current actual capacity value of the battery and the rated capacity of the battery, determining the health state of the battery pack through a second formula, wherein the second formula is as follows:
wherein SOH represents the health state of the battery pack, C Rated for Representing the rated capacity of the battery;
if the charge/discharge rate is not the target charge/discharge rate, the charge/discharge rate is adjusted to the target charge/discharge rate, if the charge cutoff voltage is not the target charge cutoff voltage, the charge cutoff voltage is adjusted to the target charge cutoff voltage, and if the discharge cutoff voltage is not the target discharge cutoff voltage, the discharge cutoff voltage is adjusted to the target discharge cutoff voltage, comprising:
If the charging/discharging rate is not the target charging/discharging rate, adjusting the charging/discharging rate to the target charging/discharging rate according to the charging/discharging rate and the health state of the battery pack by a third formula, wherein the third formula is as follows:
target charge/discharge rate = charge/discharge rate SOH;
if the charge cutoff voltage is not the target charge cutoff voltage, adjusting the charge cutoff voltage to the target charge cutoff voltage according to the charge cutoff voltage and the health state of the battery pack by a fourth formula, wherein the fourth formula is as follows:
target charge cutoff voltage = charge cutoff voltage-0.4 (100% -SOH);
if the discharge cutoff voltage is not the target discharge cutoff voltage, adjusting the discharge cutoff voltage to the target discharge cutoff voltage according to the discharge cutoff voltage and the battery pack health state by a fifth formula, wherein the fifth formula is as follows:
target discharge cutoff voltage = discharge cutoff voltage +0.4 (100% -SOH).
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the method comprises the steps of constructing a target charging/discharging multiplying power through a battery pack health state and a charging/discharging multiplying power, enabling a battery to be kept at the target charging/discharging multiplying power for charging and discharging, prolonging the service life of the recycled battery, and respectively constructing a target charging cut-off voltage and a target discharging cut-off voltage through the battery health state, the charging cut-off voltage and the discharging cut-off voltage, enabling the voltage of the battery to be kept at the target charging cut-off voltage when charging is finished or keeping the voltage of the battery at the target discharging cut-off voltage when discharging is finished, and prolonging the service life of the retired battery for vehicles.
Further, the method further comprises the steps of:
according to the monomer voltages at each time point in the preset time period, determining the standard deviation of the voltages through a sixth formula, wherein the sixth formula is as follows:
wherein sigma represents the standard deviation of the voltage, V c1 、V c2 、…、V cn Representing the monomer voltage, V, at each time point within a preset time period M Representing the average voltage corresponding to each single voltage, and n represents the total number of the acquired single voltages;
determining a first threshold according to a standard deviation of the voltages and the average voltages through a seventh formula, wherein the seventh formula is as follows:
first threshold = V M ±3σ。
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: and constructing a first threshold value through the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period, so as to monitor the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period, if the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period exceeds the first threshold value, judging that the single voltage at the time point is abnormal, namely the battery voltage is abnormal.
Further, the method further comprises the steps of:
acquiring accumulated operation months of the echelon energy storage system;
determining a second threshold according to the battery pack health state and accumulated operation months of the echelon energy storage system through an eighth formula, wherein the eighth formula is as follows:
Wherein t represents the accumulated operation month of the echelon energy storage system.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: and building a second threshold value through the state of health of the battery pack and the accumulated operation month of the echelon energy storage system, so as to detect the energy attenuation rate of the battery, and if the energy attenuation rate is not smaller than the second threshold value, indicating that the recycled battery is abnormal in operation and needs maintenance or replacement.
Further, the detection model further comprises a regional energy allocation model, and the method further comprises:
acquiring a rated energy value of the battery in the charging/discharging process;
according to the total voltage of each time point in the preset time period and the total current charged/discharged in the preset time period, determining the sum of energy values of the charging/discharging process of the battery in the preset time period through a ninth formula, wherein the ninth formula is as follows:
wherein E represents the sum of energy values of the battery charging/discharging process within a preset time period, V 1 +V 2 +…+V n Representing the total voltage at each time point in a preset time period;
according to the rated energy value and the energy attenuation rate of the battery in the charging/discharging process and the energy value sum of the battery charging/discharging process in a preset time period in the accumulated operation month of the echelon energy storage system, determining the cycle times of the battery pack through a tenth formula, wherein the tenth formula is as follows:
Wherein E is 1 、E 2 、...E n Representing the sum of energy values of the battery charging/discharging process in a preset time period in the integrated operation month of the echelon energy storage system, E Forehead (forehead) Represents a rated energy value of the battery during charging/discharging, and η represents an energy attenuation rate;
and if each real-time data comprises the state of health of the battery pack, the cycle number of the battery pack and the energy attenuation rate number, adjusting the charging/discharging strategy of the battery through the regional energy allocation model.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: and constructing an area energy allocation model according to the state of health of the battery pack, the cycle number of the battery pack and the energy attenuation rate number, so as to adjust the charging/discharging strategy of each battery in the echelon energy storage system and prolong the service life of the retired battery for vehicles.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent operation and maintenance system for a retired battery pack echelon energy storage system for a vehicle, comprising:
the first real-time data acquisition module is used for acquiring real-time data of the battery, wherein the real-time data comprise charging/discharging multiplying power, charging cut-off voltage, discharging cut-off voltage, single voltage at each time point in a preset time period, total voltage at each time point in the preset time period, energy attenuation rate and fault information;
The detection model module is used for monitoring the operation of the battery according to each real-time data through a detection model corresponding to each real-time data, and the detection model comprises at least one of a charge-discharge strategy optimization model, an equalization starting model, a battery pack calibration model and a fault processing model;
the intelligent operation and maintenance module is used for carrying out intelligent operation and maintenance on the battery pack echelon energy storage system according to the running state of the battery;
the detection model module further comprises:
the charge-discharge strategy optimization model module is used for detecting the charge/discharge multiplying power, the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage through the charge-discharge strategy optimization model if each real-time data comprises the charge/discharge multiplying power, the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage;
the balance starting model module is used for detecting the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period through the balance starting model if each real-time data comprises the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period;
the battery pack calibration model module is used for detecting the energy attenuation rate through the battery pack calibration model if each real-time data comprises the energy attenuation rate;
and the fault processing model module is used for notifying maintenance personnel to maintain the battery through the fault processing model if each real-time data comprises fault information.
In a third aspect, the present invention further provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and running on the processor, where the processor implements the steps of an intelligent operation and maintenance method of the above-mentioned retired battery pack echelon energy storage system for vehicles when the processor executes the program.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a computer readable storage medium, where instructions are stored in the computer readable storage medium, and when the instructions run up, the steps of an intelligent operation and maintenance method of a retired battery pack echelon energy storage system for a vehicle are performed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an intelligent operation and maintenance method of a vehicle retired battery pack echelon energy storage system according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent operation and maintenance system of a vehicle retired battery pack echelon energy storage system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are further illustrative and supplementary of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The following describes an intelligent operation and maintenance method and system of a vehicle retired battery pack echelon energy storage system according to an embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method can be applied to the echelon energy storage system, the echelon energy storage system is taken as an execution main body in the scheme of the application, the scheme is explained, the echelon energy storage system is connected with various sensors, the echelon energy storage system can be a computer, a server and the like, and the sensors are used for acquiring various real-time data of the batteries.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the battery may be a battery in a recycled retired power battery pack, and may supply power to the new energy automobile.
The intelligent operation and maintenance method of the vehicle retired battery pack echelon energy storage system shown in fig. 1 comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring real-time data of a battery, wherein the real-time data comprise a charging/discharging multiplying power, a charging cut-off voltage, a discharging cut-off voltage, total voltage at each time point in a preset time period, an energy attenuation rate and fault information;
And S2, monitoring the running state of the battery according to each real-time data through a detection model corresponding to each real-time data, wherein the detection model comprises at least one of a charge-discharge strategy optimization model, an equalization starting model, a battery pack calibration model and a fault processing model.
Alternatively, the charge/discharge rate refers to a current value required for the battery to be charged to its rated capacity at a prescribed time, or a current value required for the battery to be discharged to its rated capacity at a prescribed time.
The charge cutoff voltage refers to the cell voltage of the battery at the end of charging.
The discharge cut-off voltage refers to the cell voltage of the battery at the end of discharge.
The total voltage at each time point in the preset time period refers to the voltage value of the battery at each time point.
The energy attenuation rate battery is normally used for accumulating the attenuation state of the echelon energy storage system after the operation month days.
The fault information comprises information sent when the echelon energy storage system breaks down, and the fault information comprises the geographical position, the fault type, fault registration and the like of the echelon energy storage system.
Optionally, the monitoring the operation state of the battery according to each real-time data through the detection model corresponding to each real-time data includes:
a. And if each real-time data comprises the charge/discharge multiplying power, the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage, detecting the charge/discharge multiplying power, the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage through a charge/discharge strategy optimization model.
Optionally, the detection process of the battery by the charge-discharge strategy optimization model is as follows:
and if the charge/discharge multiplying power is not the target charge/discharge multiplying power, the echelon energy storage system adjusts the charge/discharge multiplying power to be the target charge/discharge multiplying power, if the charge cut-off voltage is not the target charge cut-off voltage, the echelon energy storage system adjusts the charge cut-off voltage to be the target charge cut-off voltage, and if the discharge cut-off voltage is not the target discharge cut-off voltage, the echelon energy storage system adjusts the discharge cut-off voltage to be the target discharge cut-off voltage.
Optionally, the adjusting process of the echelon energy storage system for the charging/discharging multiplying power, the charging cut-off voltage and the discharging cut-off voltage is as follows:
acquiring charging/discharging current, nominal capacity and rated capacity of the battery at each time point in a preset time period;
according to the total current charged/discharged in a preset time period and the change value of the charge state of the battery in the preset time period, determining the current actual capacity value of the battery through a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
Wherein, C represents the current actual capacity value of the battery, t represents the duration corresponding to the preset time period, t1, … and tn represent each time point in the preset time period, I represents the total current charged/discharged in the preset time period, and delta SOC represents the change value of the charge state of the battery in the preset time period;
according to the current actual capacity value of the battery and the rated capacity of the battery, determining the health state of the battery pack through a second formula, wherein the second formula is as follows:
wherein SOH represents the health state of the battery pack, C Rated for Representing the rated capacity of the battery;
if the charging/discharging rate is not the target charging/discharging rate, adjusting the charging/discharging rate to the target charging/discharging rate according to the charging/discharging rate and the health state of the battery pack by a third formula, wherein the third formula is as follows:
target charge/discharge rate = charge/discharge rate SOH;
if the charge cutoff voltage is not the target charge cutoff voltage, adjusting the charge cutoff voltage to the target charge cutoff voltage according to the charge cutoff voltage and the health state of the battery pack by a fourth formula, wherein the fourth formula is as follows:
target charge cutoff voltage = charge cutoff voltage-0.4 (100% -SOH);
If the discharge cutoff voltage is not the target discharge cutoff voltage, adjusting the discharge cutoff voltage to the target discharge cutoff voltage according to the discharge cutoff voltage and the battery pack health state by a fifth formula, wherein the fifth formula is as follows:
target discharge cutoff voltage = discharge cutoff voltage +0.4 (100% -SOH).
b. If each real-time data comprises the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period, detecting the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period through the balanced starting model.
Optionally, the battery detection process by the equalization starting model is as follows:
if the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period is not less than the first threshold value, the echelon energy storage system judges that the single voltage at the time point is abnormal.
Optionally, the process of constructing the first threshold by the echelon energy storage system includes:
according to the monomer voltages at each time point in the preset time period, determining the standard deviation of the voltages through a sixth formula, wherein the sixth formula is as follows:
wherein sigma represents the standard deviation of the voltage, V c1 、V c2 、…、V cn Representing the monomer voltage, V, at each time point within a preset time period M Representing the average voltage corresponding to each single voltage, and n represents the total number of the acquired single voltages;
Determining a first threshold according to a standard deviation of the voltages and the average voltages through a seventh formula, wherein the seventh formula is as follows:
first threshold = V M ±3σ。
Optionally, when the equalization start model detects that the cell voltage of each time point of the battery exceeds V in a preset time period M And if the total voltage is +/-3 sigma, judging that the single voltage at the time point is abnormal, namely the voltage of the battery is abnormal, and starting an equalizing charge mode.
c. And if each real-time data comprises the energy attenuation rate, detecting the energy attenuation rate through a battery pack calibration model.
Optionally, the battery pack calibration model detects a battery by using the following steps:
and if the energy attenuation rate is not smaller than the second threshold value, judging that the battery is abnormal in operation by the echelon energy storage system, and if the energy attenuation rate is smaller than the second threshold value, judging that the battery is normal in operation by the echelon energy storage system.
Optionally, the process of constructing the second threshold by the echelon energy storage system includes:
acquiring accumulated operation months of the echelon energy storage system;
determining a second threshold according to the battery pack health state and accumulated operation months of the echelon energy storage system through an eighth formula, wherein the eighth formula is as follows:
d. and if each real-time data comprises fault information, notifying a maintenance person to maintain the battery through the fault processing model.
Optionally, the echelon energy storage system may further acquire other real-time data of the battery in real time, for example, the highest single voltage and the lowest single voltage of the battery at each time point, the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of the battery at each time point, the temperature value of each preset place, the GPS position information of the echelon energy storage system, and the like, when the echelon energy storage system determines that the battery is abnormal through each model, the repairing personnel is notified to repair the battery through the fault handling model, for example, the energy attenuation rate detected through the battery pack calibration model is not less than the second threshold, the echelon energy storage system determines that the battery is abnormal, and notifies the repairing personnel to repair the battery through the fault handling model, and the notifying means includes a short message notifying related responsible person, and the like.
Optionally, the detection model further includes a regional energy deployment model, and the method further includes:
Acquiring a rated energy value of the battery in the charging/discharging process;
according to the total voltage of each time point in the preset time period and the total current charged/discharged in the preset time period, determining the sum of energy values of the charging/discharging process of the battery in the preset time period through a ninth formula, wherein the ninth formula is as follows:
wherein E represents the sum of energy values of the battery charging/discharging process in a preset time period;
according to the rated energy value and the energy attenuation rate of the battery in the charging/discharging process and the energy value sum of the battery charging/discharging process in a preset time period in the accumulated operation month of the echelon energy storage system, determining the cycle times of the battery pack through a tenth formula, wherein the tenth formula is as follows:
wherein E is 1 、E 2 、...E n Representing the sum of energy values of the battery charging/discharging process in a preset time period in the integrated operation month of the echelon energy storage system, E Forehead (forehead) Represents a rated energy value of the battery during charging/discharging, and η represents an energy attenuation rate;
and if each real-time data comprises the state of health of the battery pack, the cycle number of the battery pack and the energy attenuation rate number, adjusting the charging/discharging strategy of the battery through the regional energy allocation model.
Optionally, the echelon energy storage system includes a plurality of batteries, for each battery, the charging/discharging strategy of each battery is adjusted through the regional energy allocation model, for example, for battery a and battery b, where the battery a has an excellent battery pack health state, a small battery pack cycle number and a low energy attenuation rate, and the battery b has a general battery pack health state, a medium battery pack cycle number and a high energy attenuation rate, then the use of battery b is reduced as much as possible (that is, the charging/discharging of battery b is reduced, the use frequency is reduced) through the regional energy allocation model, and battery a is preferentially used, so that the synchronous attenuation of each battery is ensured, and the overall service life is prolonged.
And S3, performing intelligent operation and maintenance on the battery pack echelon energy storage system according to the running state of the battery.
In this embodiment, the operation state of the battery is detected through the charge-discharge policy optimization model, the balanced start model, the battery pack calibration model and the fault handling model, if the operation state of the battery is problematic, the echelon energy storage system intelligently adjusts the operation policy of the battery, for example, if the charge-discharge policy optimization model detects that the charge/discharge multiplying power of the battery is not the target charge/discharge multiplying power, the echelon energy storage system adjusts the charge/discharge multiplying power of the battery to the target charge/discharge multiplying power, so as to ensure the service life of the retired battery for vehicles.
As shown in fig. 2, an intelligent operation and maintenance system of a vehicle retired battery pack echelon energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
a first real-time data obtaining module 201, configured to obtain real-time data of the battery, where the real-time data includes a charge/discharge rate, a charge cutoff voltage, a discharge cutoff voltage, a single voltage at each time point in a preset time period, a total voltage at each time point in the preset time period, an energy attenuation rate, and fault information;
the detection model module 202 is configured to monitor, according to each real-time data, operation of the battery through a detection model corresponding to each real-time data, where the detection model includes at least one of a charge-discharge strategy optimization model, an equalization start model, a battery pack calibration model, and a fault handling model;
The intelligent operation and maintenance module 203 is configured to perform intelligent operation and maintenance on the battery pack echelon energy storage system according to the operation state of the battery;
the detection model module 202 further includes:
the charge-discharge strategy optimization model module is used for detecting the charge/discharge multiplying power, the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage through the charge-discharge strategy optimization model if each real-time data comprises the charge/discharge multiplying power, the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage;
the balance starting model module is used for detecting the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period through the balance starting model if each real-time data comprises the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period;
the battery pack calibration model module is used for detecting the energy attenuation rate through the battery pack calibration model if each real-time data comprises the energy attenuation rate;
and the fault processing model module is used for notifying maintenance personnel to maintain the battery through the fault processing model if each real-time data comprises fault information.
Optionally, the above charge-discharge policy optimization model module is further configured to:
and if the charge/discharge multiplying power is not the target charge/discharge multiplying power, adjusting the charge/discharge multiplying power to be the target charge/discharge multiplying power, if the charge cut-off voltage is not the target charge cut-off voltage, adjusting the charge cut-off voltage to be the target charge cut-off voltage, and if the discharge cut-off voltage is not the target discharge cut-off voltage, adjusting the discharge cut-off voltage to be the target discharge cut-off voltage.
Optionally, the above equalization start model module is further configured to:
if the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period is not less than the first threshold value, judging that the single voltage at the time point is abnormal, namely the voltage of the battery is abnormal.
Optionally, the battery pack calibration model module is further configured to:
and if the energy attenuation rate is not smaller than the second threshold value, judging that the battery is abnormal in operation.
The system further comprises:
the second real-time data acquisition module is used for acquiring the charging/discharging current of the battery at each time point in a preset time period, the change value of the charge state of the battery in the preset time period and the rated capacity of the battery;
the capacity value obtaining module is used for determining a current actual capacity value of the battery according to the total current charged/discharged in a preset time period and the change value of the charge state of the battery in the preset time period through a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
wherein, C represents the current actual capacity value of the battery, t represents the duration corresponding to the preset time period, t1, … and tn represent each time point in the preset time period, I represents the total current charged/discharged in the preset time period, and delta SOC represents the change value of the charge state of the battery in the preset time period;
The battery pack health state module is used for determining the health state of the battery pack according to the capacity value of charging/discharging the battery and the rated capacity of the battery in a preset time period through a second formula, wherein the second formula is as follows:
wherein SOH represents the health state of the battery pack, C Rated for Indicating the rated capacity of the battery.
The charge-discharge strategy optimization model module further comprises:
the first adjusting module is configured to adjust the charge/discharge rate to the target charge/discharge rate according to a third formula according to the charge/discharge rate and the health status of the battery pack if the charge/discharge rate is not the target charge/discharge rate, where the third formula is:
target charge/discharge rate = charge/discharge rate SOH;
the second adjusting module is configured to adjust the charge cutoff voltage to the target charge cutoff voltage according to a fourth formula according to the charge cutoff voltage and the battery pack health status if the charge cutoff voltage is not the target charge cutoff voltage, where the fourth formula is:
target charge cutoff voltage = charge cutoff voltage-0.4 (100% -SOH);
and the third adjusting module is used for adjusting the discharge cutoff voltage to the target discharge cutoff voltage according to a fifth formula according to the discharge cutoff voltage and the health state of the battery pack if the discharge cutoff voltage is not the target discharge cutoff voltage, wherein the fifth formula is as follows:
Target discharge cutoff voltage = discharge cutoff voltage +0.4 (100% -SOH).
Optionally, the system further comprises:
the standard deviation obtaining module is configured to determine a standard deviation of the voltage according to a sixth formula according to the monomer voltages at each time point in the preset time period, where the sixth formula is:
wherein sigma represents the standard deviation of the voltage, V c1 、V c2 、…、V cn Representing the monomer voltage, V, at each time point within a preset time period M Representing the average voltage corresponding to each single voltage, and n represents the total number of the acquired single voltages;
the first threshold obtaining module is configured to determine a first threshold according to a standard deviation and an average voltage of the voltages, by a seventh formula, where the seventh formula is:
first threshold = V M ±3σ。
Optionally, the system further comprises:
the third real-time data acquisition module is used for acquiring accumulated operation months of the echelon energy storage system;
the second threshold value obtaining module is configured to determine a second threshold value according to a battery pack health state and a echelon energy storage system accumulated operation month through an eighth formula, where the eighth formula is:
the detection model module 202 further includes:
a fourth acquisition module for acquiring a rated energy value of the battery during charging/discharging;
the energy value obtaining module is configured to determine, according to a ninth formula, a sum of energy values of a battery charging/discharging process in a preset time period according to a total voltage of each time point in the preset time period and a total current charged/discharged in the preset time period, where the ninth formula is:
Wherein E represents the sum of energy values of the battery charging/discharging process within a preset time period, V 1 +V 2 + … +vn represents the total voltage at each time point within the preset time period;
the battery pack cycle number acquisition module is used for determining the battery pack cycle number according to a tenth formula according to the rated energy value of the battery in the charging/discharging process, the energy attenuation rate and the energy value sum of the battery charging/discharging process in a preset time period in the accumulated operation month of the echelon energy storage system, wherein the tenth formula is as follows:
wherein E is 1 、E 2 、...E n Representing the sum of energy values of the battery charging/discharging process in a preset time period in the integrated operation month of the echelon energy storage system, E Forehead (forehead) Represents a rated energy value of the battery during charging/discharging, and η represents an energy attenuation rate;
and the regional energy allocation model module is used for adjusting the charging/discharging strategy of the battery through the regional energy allocation model if each real-time data comprises the battery pack health state, the battery pack cycle number and the energy attenuation rate number.
One specific application of this embodiment is:
after each real-time data of 12 months, 14 months and 16 months (namely, the accumulated operation months are 12, 14 and 16 respectively) of battery operation is obtained through the echelon energy storage system, the following judgment is made on the operation state of the battery through each detection model:
| Analysis index | |||
| SOH(％) | 95％ | 93％ | 88％ |
| Accumulated charge (kWh) | 10950 | 12775 | 14200 |
| Accumulated discharge electric quantity (kWh) | 10731 | 12519 | 13916 |
| Cumulative cycle times (times) | 355 | 426 | 473 |
| Cumulative run time (month) | 12 | 14 | 16 |
| Energy decay Rate (%) | 0.42 | 0.5 | 0.75 |
| Operational strategy | 1 fill 1 put/day | 1 fill 1 put/day | 1 fill 1 put/day |
| Fault information | Without any means for | Without any means for | Without any means for |
Through the table, the running condition of the battery can be reflected, if the battery is abnormal, the echelon energy storage system can inform maintenance personnel to maintain the battery through the fault processing model, and the charging/discharging strategy of the battery can also be adjusted through the regional energy allocation model, for example, the energy attenuation rate of the battery is 0.42 when the battery is used for 12 months and is far smaller than the second threshold value 0.55, the echelon energy storage system judges that the battery runs normally, the energy attenuation rate of the battery is 0.75 when the battery is used for 16 months and is not smaller than the second threshold value 0.55, the echelon energy storage system judges that the battery runs abnormally, the charging/discharging strategy of the battery is adjusted through the regional energy allocation model, the charging/discharging strategy is adjusted to be charged once every 2 days, and the use frequency of the battery is reduced.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be implemented as a system, method, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may be embodied in the following forms, namely: either entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.), or entirely software, or a combination of hardware and software, referred to herein generally as a "circuit," module "or" system. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the invention may also be embodied in the form of a computer program product in one or more computer-readable media, which contain computer-readable program code. The computer readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or a combination of any of the foregoing.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An intelligent operation and maintenance method of a vehicle retired battery pack echelon energy storage system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Acquiring real-time data of the battery, wherein the real-time data comprises a charging/discharging multiplying power, a charging cut-off voltage, a discharging cut-off voltage, single voltages at all time points in a preset time period, total voltages at all time points in the preset time period, an energy attenuation rate and fault information;
monitoring the running state of the battery according to the real-time data and the detection model corresponding to the real-time data;
according to the running state of the battery, performing intelligent operation and maintenance on the battery pack echelon energy storage system;
the detection model comprises at least one of a charge-discharge strategy optimization model, an equalization starting model, a battery pack calibration model and a fault processing model, wherein:
if each real-time data comprises the charge/discharge multiplying power, the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage, detecting the charge/discharge multiplying power, the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage through the charge/discharge strategy optimization model;
if the real-time data comprise the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period, detecting the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period through the balance starting model;
If each real-time data comprises the energy attenuation rate, detecting the energy attenuation rate through the battery pack calibration model;
and if each real-time data comprises fault information, notifying a maintenance person to maintain the battery through the fault processing model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the charge/discharge rate, charge cutoff voltage, and discharge cutoff voltage by the charge-discharge strategy optimization model comprises:
if the charge/discharge rate is not the target charge/discharge rate, the charge/discharge rate is adjusted to the target charge/discharge rate, if the charge cut-off voltage is not the target charge cut-off voltage, the charge cut-off voltage is adjusted to the target charge cut-off voltage, and if the discharge cut-off voltage is not the target discharge cut-off voltage, the discharge cut-off voltage is adjusted to the target discharge cut-off voltage;
detecting the monomer voltage at each time point in the preset time period through the balance starting model, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
if the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period is not less than a first threshold value, judging that the voltage of the battery is abnormal;
Detecting the energy attenuation rate through the battery pack calibration model comprises the following steps:
and if the energy attenuation rate is not smaller than a second threshold value, judging that the battery is abnormal in operation.
3. The method as recited in claim 2, further comprising:
acquiring the charging/discharging current of the battery at each time point in a preset time period, the change value of the charge state of the battery in the preset time period and the rated capacity of the battery;
determining a current actual capacity value of the battery according to the total current charged/discharged in the preset time period and the change value of the charge state of the battery in the preset time period through a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
wherein, C represents the current actual capacity value of the battery, t represents the duration corresponding to the preset time period, t1, … and tn represent each time point in the preset time period, I represents the total current charged/discharged in the preset time period, and delta SOC represents the change value of the charge state of the battery in the preset time period;
and determining the health state of the battery pack according to the current actual capacity value of the battery and the rated capacity of the battery through a second formula, wherein the second formula is as follows:
wherein SOH represents the health state of the battery pack, C Rated for Representing the rated capacity of the battery;
if the charge/discharge rate is not the target charge/discharge rate, the charge/discharge rate is adjusted to the target charge/discharge rate, if the charge cutoff voltage is not the target charge cutoff voltage, the charge cutoff voltage is adjusted to the target charge cutoff voltage, and if the discharge cutoff voltage is not the target discharge cutoff voltage, the discharge cutoff voltage is adjusted to the target discharge cutoff voltage, comprising:
if the charge/discharge rate is not the target charge/discharge rate, adjusting the charge/discharge rate to the target charge/discharge rate according to the charge/discharge rate and the battery pack health status by a third formula, wherein the third formula is as follows:
target charge/discharge rate = charge/discharge rate SOH;
if the charge cutoff voltage is not the target charge cutoff voltage, the charge cutoff voltage is adjusted to the target charge cutoff voltage according to the charge cutoff voltage and the battery pack health state by a fourth formula, wherein the fourth formula is as follows:
target charge cutoff voltage = charge cutoff voltage-0.4 (100% -SOH);
and if the discharge cutoff voltage is not the target discharge cutoff voltage, adjusting the discharge cutoff voltage to the target discharge cutoff voltage according to the discharge cutoff voltage and the battery pack health state through a fifth formula, wherein the fifth formula is as follows:
Target discharge cutoff voltage = discharge cutoff voltage +0.4 (100% -SOH).
4. The method as recited in claim 2, further comprising:
according to the monomer voltages at each time point in the preset time period, determining the standard deviation of the voltages according to a sixth formula, wherein the sixth formula is as follows:
wherein sigma represents the standard deviation of the voltage, V c1 、V c2 、…、V cn Representing the monomer voltage, V, at each time point within a preset time period M Representing the average voltage corresponding to each single voltage, and n represents the total number of the acquired single voltages;
determining a first threshold according to the standard deviation of the voltage and the average voltage through a seventh formula, wherein the seventh formula is as follows:
first threshold = V M ±3σ。
5. A method according to claim 3, further comprising:
acquiring accumulated operation months of the echelon energy storage system;
determining a second threshold according to the battery pack health state and the echelon energy storage system accumulated operation month through an eighth formula, wherein the eighth formula is as follows:
wherein t represents the accumulated operation month of the echelon energy storage system.
6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the detection model further comprises a regional energy deployment model, the method further comprising:
Acquiring a rated energy value of the battery in the charging/discharging process;
and determining the sum of energy values of the battery charging/discharging process in the preset time period according to the total voltage of each time point in the preset time period and the total current charged/discharged in the preset time period by a ninth formula, wherein the ninth formula is as follows:
wherein E represents the sum of energy values of the battery charging/discharging process within a preset time period, V 1 +V 2 +…+V n Representing the total voltage at each time point in a preset time period;
according to the rated energy value of the battery in the charging/discharging process, the energy attenuation rate and the energy value sum of the battery charging/discharging process in a preset time period in a cumulative operation month of the echelon energy storage system, determining the cycle times of the battery pack through a tenth formula, wherein the tenth formula is as follows:
wherein E is 1 、E 2 、...E n Representing the sum of energy values of the battery charging/discharging process in a preset time period in the integrated operation month of the echelon energy storage system, E Forehead (forehead) Represents a rated energy value of the battery during charging/discharging, and η represents an energy attenuation rate;
and if each real-time data comprises the battery pack health state, the battery pack cycle times and the energy attenuation rate, adjusting the charging/discharging strategy of the battery through the regional energy allocation model.
7. An intelligent operation and maintenance system of a vehicle retired battery pack echelon energy storage system is characterized by comprising:
the first real-time data acquisition module is used for acquiring real-time data of the battery, wherein the real-time data comprise a charging/discharging multiplying power, a charging cut-off voltage, a discharging cut-off voltage, single voltages at all time points in a preset time period, total voltages at all time points in the preset time period, an energy attenuation rate and fault information;
the detection model module is used for monitoring the operation of the battery according to each real-time data through a detection model corresponding to each real-time data, and the detection model comprises at least one of a charge-discharge strategy optimization model, an equalization starting model, a battery pack calibration model and a fault processing model;
the intelligent operation and maintenance module is used for carrying out intelligent operation and maintenance on the battery pack echelon energy storage system according to the running state of the battery;
the detection model module further comprises:
the charge-discharge strategy optimization model module is used for detecting the charge/discharge multiplying power, the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage through the charge-discharge strategy optimization model if the real-time data comprise the charge/discharge multiplying power, the charge cut-off voltage and the discharge cut-off voltage;
The equalization starting model module is used for detecting the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period through the equalization starting model if the real-time data comprise the single voltage at each time point in the preset time period;
the battery pack calibration model module is used for detecting the energy attenuation rate through the battery pack calibration model if the real-time data comprise the energy attenuation rate;
and the fault processing model module is used for notifying maintenance personnel to maintain the battery through the fault processing model if the real-time data comprise fault information.
8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a program stored on the memory and running on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the program, performs the steps of an intelligent operation and maintenance method of a retired battery pack echelon energy storage system for vehicles as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. A computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein that, when executed on top, cause the steps of performing the intelligent operation method of the retired battery pack echelon energy storage system for vehicles of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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