CN117364076A - High-speed laser cladding system with forced water cooling system and cladding method - Google Patents
High-speed laser cladding system with forced water cooling system and cladding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117364076A CN117364076A CN202311280103.3A CN202311280103A CN117364076A CN 117364076 A CN117364076 A CN 117364076A CN 202311280103 A CN202311280103 A CN 202311280103A CN 117364076 A CN117364076 A CN 117364076A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008642 heat stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D15/00—Devices not covered by group F25D11/00 or F25D13/00, e.g. non-self-contained movable devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
- F25D17/02—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating liquids, e.g. brine
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-speed laser cladding system with a forced water cooling system and a cladding method, which effectively solve the problems that in the process of repairing, forming or strengthening the laser cladding of a thin-wall part material, the thin-wall part material is easy to deform due to excessive thermal stress and even crack is generated on a cladding layer, and the technical scheme for solving the problems comprises the following steps: the laser cladding head comprises a high-speed laser cladding head robot, a powder feeder, a laser water cooling system, a nitrogen tank, a control system and a forced water cooling system; the control system respectively controls the high-speed laser cladding head robot, the powder feeder, the laser water cooling system and the nitrogen tank and realizes cooperative operation; the forced water cooling system comprises a throttle valve, a flowmeter, an industrial water cooler and a cooling device which are communicated in sequence and form a closed loop; according to the scheme, different cooling modes are adopted according to different working conditions, so that the cladding quality of a workpiece is improved, the temperature accumulation between layers during laser cladding deposition is reduced, and the final forming quality is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed laser cladding, in particular to a high-speed laser cladding system with a forced water cooling system and a cladding method.
Background
The laser cladding is also called laser cladding, is a novel material surface modification technology, and specifically refers to a technology that a laser provides a stable laser heat source, and the laser irradiates heat to alloy powder and a substrate surface layer simultaneously to enable the alloy powder and the substrate surface layer to be melted and solidified rapidly, so that a stable alloy coating is formed on the substrate surface in a metallurgical manner, and the cladding layer formed by the alloy powder can greatly improve the substrate surface properties such as hardness, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance, and finally achieves the purpose of surface modification;
compared with the traditional laser cladding, the high-speed cladding breaks through a plurality of application limits of the traditional cladding, has wide application field, is the only feasible method for replacing electroplating at present, and is widely valued, and the main reasons are that compared with the traditional laser cladding, the high-speed laser cladding has the advantages of high processing efficiency, high processing precision, low subsequent processing cost, small heat input to a workpiece, reduced workpiece deformation and the like;
however, the high-speed laser cladding has extremely high scanning rate, the heat input and the cooling rate are extremely changed, so that the coating performance is greatly influenced, particularly, a great amount of cracks are generated on the influence of residual stress, the residual stress in the laser cladding process is mostly caused by the heat stress, although the heat influence of high-speed laser on a base material is smaller than that of the traditional laser cladding process, in the laser cladding application of a thin-wall part, the small heat stress also causes the deformation of the thin-wall part, and cracks are generated even after the large-area thin-wall part is clad, so that the temperature control of a molten pool and the timely dissipation of heat generated after cladding are extremely important in the laser repair, forming and strengthening processes of the thin-wall part, such as a blade;
in view of the above, the present application provides a high-speed laser cladding system with a forced water cooling system and cladding method for solving the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-speed laser cladding system with a forced water cooling system and a cladding method, and different cooling modes are adopted according to different working conditions, so as to improve the cladding quality of a workpiece and reduce the temperature accumulation between layers during laser cladding deposition to ensure the final forming quality.
The high-speed laser cladding system with the forced water cooling system is characterized by comprising a high-speed laser cladding head robot, a powder feeder, a laser water cooling system, a nitrogen tank, a control system and a forced water cooling system;
the control system respectively controls the high-speed laser cladding head robot, the powder feeder, the laser water cooling system and the nitrogen tank and realizes cooperative operation;
the forced water cooling system comprises a throttle valve, a flowmeter, an industrial water cooler and a cooling device which are communicated in sequence and form a closed loop;
the cooling device comprises a heat radiation water tank connected between the industrial water cooler and the throttle valve, wherein the upper end of the heat radiation water tank is provided with a workpiece groove communicated with the inside, and a clamping assembly is arranged in the workpiece groove.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Compared with the conventional laser cladding mode, the high-speed laser cladding system provided by the scheme adopts smaller laser spots and higher power density, so that a smaller heat affected zone and a smaller dilution zone are formed on the base material, the influence degree on the base material is reduced to the minimum, the speed is increased, the thickness of a coating is reduced, and the processing quality of a high-speed laser cladding workpiece is improved;
(2) The scheme adopts two different cooling modes (cooling water flows from the lower part of the workpiece or flows from a flow channel in the brass heat exchange assembly to perform whole-course heat exchange to achieve a cooling effect), is suitable for different working conditions, is simple to switch, is convenient to operate, can realize whole-course heat dissipation and cooling of the workpiece, has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost, can improve the mechanical property after laser cladding, and is suitable for popularization and use;
(3) In this scheme, design has the vortex post in the flow channel, has improved heat exchange efficiency, has improved cooling rate, and in addition, the external flowmeter of radiator tank and industry water-cooling machine can explore the relation to work piece cladding quality and fashioned through the flow of control cooling water and temperature, and then optimize relevant parameter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an indirect water cooling device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a direct water cooling apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of a radiator tank of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the radiator tank of the present invention after the side section;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a radiator tank according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a brass heat exchange assembly in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic front view of a brass heat sink assembly in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the ring holder of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a clamping portion according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a control system according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the powder feeder of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a high-speed laser cladding head robot according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the nitrogen tank structure of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a laser structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a water cooling system for a laser according to the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the forced water cooling system according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between devices in the high-speed laser cladding system of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the overall workflow connection of the present invention;
fig. 19 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the conventional laser cladding and high-speed laser cladding principles of the present invention.
Description of the embodiments
The foregoing and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The high-speed laser cladding system and the conventional laser cladding system provided in the scheme are metallurgically bonded, and the energy of the laser beam is divided into two parts: absorbed by the clad metal powder and the substrate, respectively, conventional laser cladding is to melt the base material and the clad metal powder and then create a pool of weld on this basis, which is fused only in this plane, as shown in fig. 19, about 80% of the energy being absorbed by the substrate during conventional laser cladding, creating a larger pool of weld, creating a larger heat affected zone and dilution zone on the substrate;
the high-speed laser cladding system provided by the scheme has the advantages that about 80% of energy is absorbed by cladding metal powder, a smaller heat affected zone and a smaller dilution zone are formed on the substrate, the influence degree on the substrate is reduced to the minimum degree, and compared with the conventional laser cladding, the high-speed laser cladding process adopts smaller laser spots and higher power density, and the influence degree on the substrate is smaller;
the powder particles of high-speed laser cladding produce more or less molten particles at high temperature, and the powder particles can produce the required metallurgical bonding only by short contact with a molten pool of a substrate, compared with the conventional process for melting the particles in the molten pool, the method brings about speed improvement, compared with the method for melting the particles in the molten pool, the method requires much less energy, in some cases, the required laser power can reach 20KW under the condition of using the same amount of powder, and the high-speed laser cladding process only needs 2-4 kW of laser power, so that the method is more economical and practical based on the efficiency and reduces the investment of purchase and the operation cost;
high-speed laser cladding has a plurality of common points with conventional laser cladding, namely cladding materials at first, cladding materials which can be clad by conventional laser cladding, wherein the high-speed laser cladding can be clad, and part of materials which cannot be clad by conventional laser cladding, such as high-melting point materials, can be clad by high-speed laser cladding;
the coating effect of high-speed cladding is similar to thermal spraying, the surface is smooth, and the fluctuation of the traditional laser cladding is large;
the process routes are common, and the key points of the conventional laser cladding process are also key points of the high-speed laser cladding process;
the application fields are consistent, namely the high-speed laser cladding in the applicable fields of the conventional laser cladding can be applied, and the high-speed laser cladding in the fields where the conventional laser cladding part cannot be applied can also be applied;
the scanning rate of the high-speed laser cladding system is extremely high, the heat input and the cooling rate are extremely changed, so that the coating performance is greatly influenced, particularly, a great amount of cracks are generated on the influence of residual stress, the residual stress in the laser cladding process is mostly caused by the heat stress, although the heat influence of high-speed laser on a base material is smaller than that of the traditional laser cladding process, in the laser cladding application of a thin-wall part, the small heat stress also causes the deformation of the thin-wall part, and cracks are generated even after the large-area thin-wall part is clad, so that the temperature control of a molten pool and the timely dissipation of heat generated after cladding are extremely important in the laser repair, forming and strengthening processes of the thin-wall part, such as a blade;
in view of the above, the present application provides a high-speed laser cladding system with a forced water cooling system, as shown in fig. 17, respectively including a control system 22, a powder feeder 23, a high-speed laser cladding head robot 24, a nitrogen tank 27, a laser 28, a laser water cooling system 29, and a forced water cooling system (the forced water cooling system is used for clamping a workpiece 1 and performing a high laser cladding test) provided on a table 25, the forced water cooling system including a throttle valve 31, a flow meter 30, an industrial water cooling machine 33, a cooling device 26, which are sequentially communicated and constitute a closed loop;
the above-mentioned workflow cooperation relationship between each device component is shown in fig. 18, and the following details of the function and working procedure of each device component in the high-speed laser cladding system are described below, which specifically are as follows:
1. and (3) a control system: the control system 22 is a control center of the scheme, and enables the cooperative work among all device components in the system to control the on/off of the powder feeder 23 and the powder feeding amount;
controlling the movement track route, feeding mode and feeding rate of the high-speed laser cladding head robot 24;
control the on/off of the nitrogen tank 27 and the air supply amount;
control the start, stop, etc. of the laser 28.
2. Powder feeder: the powder feeder 23 has the functions of storing and conveying the cladding metal powder, the upper end of the powder feeder 23 is provided with two transparent glass storage tanks for storing the cladding metal powder, the covers of the storage tanks can be opened for supplementing the cladding metal powder, a rotatable powder disc device is arranged right below the storage tanks, and the rotating speed of the powder disc and the entering air supply amount affect the powder feeding amount together;
the powder feeder 23 belongs to an adjustable control device, and two modes of controlling metal powder conveying are provided, one mode is internal control, and the mode belongs to a semi-automatic control mode, wherein the working state of the powder feeder 23 is not controlled by the control system 22 and can only be regulated and controlled by an operation key on the powder feeder 23;
another way is external control, which belongs to an automatic control mode, in which the working state of the powder feeder 23 is automatically regulated by the control system 22.
3. High-speed laser cladding head robot: the structure is as shown in fig. 12, the laser cladding head carried by the high-speed laser cladding head robot is a coaxial laser cladding head, the laser focus and the powder convergence point of the powder feeder 23 are positioned at the same point, and the movement track and the feeding mode of the high-speed laser cladding head are controlled by the control system 22;
4. nitrogen tank: as shown in fig. 13, the nitrogen tank 27 stores inert gas nitrogen, the inert gas nitrogen is conveyed out through the pressure of the nitrogen tank 27, the cladding metal powder is blown out through the powder feeder 23, the nitrogen is wrapped by the cladding metal powder, and the nitrogen is sprayed to the surface of the substrate through the high-speed laser cladding head and converged to one point;
5. a laser: the structure composition of the laser is shown in fig. 14, the laser 28 is a controller for generating and emitting laser, the control system 22 controls the opening and closing, the laser 28 generates laser and emits the laser by a laser cladding head in the laser cladding process, and the laser irradiates the converging point of cladding metal powder and nitrogen gas, so that the cladding metal powder is melted and is clad on the surface of the substrate along with the movement track of the high-speed laser cladding head to form a cladding layer;
6. laser water cooling system: as shown in fig. 15, the laser water cooling system 29 specially cools the laser 28, the laser emitted by the laser 28 reaches several thousand degrees celsius, and the laser water cooling system 29 ensures that the laser 28 is at a normal working temperature in the laser cladding process, so that a cladding experiment is normally performed by a laser head;
7. throttle valve: the throttle valve 31 is used for regulating and controlling the flow of cold water;
8. a flow meter: the flowmeter 30 is used for monitoring a specific value of cold water flow provided by the industrial water cooler 33 in the laser cladding process in real time;
9. industrial water cooling machine: the device has four main functions of storing cooling liquid, refrigerating the cooling liquid, conveying the cooling liquid and refluxing the cooling liquid, wherein a temperature controller is additionally arranged in the device, the power supply of the electrical equipment with the Anomal ratio can be automatically turned on according to the set temperature, the control temperature range is-19-109 ℃, the precision is 1 ℃, and the temperature setting can be changed according to the actual situation in the laser cladding process, so that the cooling rate is changed by controlling the temperature of the cooling liquid;
the industrial water cooler 33 is internally provided with a 25L heat-preserving water bucket for storing cooling liquid (the cooling liquid in the scheme can be correspondingly selected according to actual demands) for refrigeration, and is connected with the water outlet and the water inlet, when the industrial water cooler is in standby refrigeration, the heat-preserving water bucket plays a role in storing the cooling liquid, when the refrigeration temperature reaches a set value, the cooling liquid flows out from the water outlet through the throttle valve 31, the flowmeter 30 and the cooling device 26, then flows into the heat-preserving water bucket from the water inlet, so that water circulation is formed, and at the moment, the heat-preserving water bucket plays a role in connecting water circulation;
the industrial water cooler 33 is internally provided with a compressor with the power of 2.25HP, which can reduce the temperature of 25L of refrigerant from room temperature (30 ℃) to minus 20 ℃ in ten minutes, and the refrigerating rate can ensure the requirement on the cooling rate in the laser cladding process;
the industrial water cooler 33 is provided with a brushless motor water pump with a maximum lift of 25M, which provides power for cooling liquid in the industrial water cooler 33;
10. and a cooling device: the cooling device 26 comprises a direct water cooling device and an indirect water cooling device to adapt to different working condition requirements, and is used for directly exchanging heat generated in the laser cladding process with cooling liquid and providing a space for the heat;
the above is the structural composition of each device component in the present solution and the function thereof in the high-speed laser cladding system in the present solution, and the following is a more detailed description of the present solution in combination with the specific structure of the forced water cooling system, which is specifically as follows:
the forced water cooling system provided by the scheme comprises an indirect water cooling mode and a direct water cooling mode, when the forced water cooling system is specifically operated, different water cooling modes can be correspondingly selected according to different working conditions, the two water cooling modes are simple to switch, the forced water cooling system is convenient to operate, the work piece 1 can be subjected to full-range heat dissipation and cooling, and the following description is respectively made for the two water cooling modes:
1. when cooling is performed as an indirect water cooling method
Fig. 1 shows a specific structure that can be used as an indirect water cooling device, which comprises a heat dissipating water tank 3, a brass heat exchanging assembly 19, a workpiece 1 and a clamping part, wherein:
the radiating water tank 3 has a cylinder structure with one end being open and used for placing the workpiece 1 and the other end being closed, and a water inlet channel 9 and a water outlet channel 10 (used for the inlet and the outlet of cooling water in the radiating water tank 3) are respectively arranged at two lateral sides of the radiating water tank 3, as shown in fig. 16, the water inlet channel 9 is communicated with the industrial water cooler 33, the water outlet channel 10 is communicated with the throttle valve 31 (the throttle valve 31, the flowmeter 30, the industrial water cooler 33, the water inlet channel 9 and the water outlet channel 10 are communicated through the explosion-proof water pipe 32);
as shown in fig. 7, the brass heat exchange assembly 19 includes a brass plate 21, a plurality of brass cooling fins 12 are uniformly distributed on the lower end surface of the brass plate 21 (the brass plate 21 and the brass cooling fin 12 are formed by numerical control processing), a water flow channel is formed between two adjacent brass cooling fins 12, the length extension direction of the brass cooling fins 12 is parallel to the connecting lines of the water inlet channel 9 and the water outlet channel 10 arranged on two lateral sides of the radiating water tank 3 (when the brass cooling fins 12 are arranged, the two ends of the brass cooling fins 12 close to the water inlet channel 9 and the water outlet channel 10 are separated from the water inlet channel 9 and the water outlet channel 10 by a certain distance so as to buffer cooling water to enter the water flow channel or flow out from the water outlet channel 10), in order to improve the heat exchange effect, a plurality of turbulence columns 13 are uniformly distributed at the center line position in each water flow channel (4 turbulence columns 13 are arranged in the scheme, and the shape of each turbulence column 13 is cuboid, as shown in fig. 6), the complex water flow channel structure can enlarge the liquid/solid contact area, enhance the heat exchange capacity, and in order to further disturb the fluid in the water flow channel, a structure (the water flow channel is provided with a certain distance between the water inlet channel 9 and the turbulence columns, so that the heat exchange medium can obviously flow turbulence columns can flow in the direction and the fluid turbulence flow turbulence columns can not change along the direction, and the heat exchange medium can obviously flow turbulence flow in the water flow direction;
note that: the turbulence columns 13 are only distributed in the water flow channels except for two water flow channels which are in contact with the side wall of the radiating water tank 3, and the two sides of the turbulence columns 13 are separated from the side wall of the water flow channel by a certain distance so as to facilitate the cooling water to pass through the water flow channel, when the cooling water enters the radiating water tank 3 through the water inlet channel 9 and flows in the water flow channel, the cooling water is disturbed (vortex is generated) by the turbulence columns 13 in the water flow channel, and heat exchange is fully carried out with the brass cooling fins 12 and the turbulence columns 13 (the heat dissipation capacity is improved), and then the cooling water flows out from the water outlet channel 10;
in addition, when the water flow channel is provided, the width of the water flow channel (the distance S between two adjacent brass radiating fins 12) and the depth of the water flow channel (the distance H between one end of the brass radiating fin 12 close to the brass plate 21 and one end of the brass radiating fin 12 far away from the brass plate 21) are provided, wherein the ratio of the depth H of the water flow channel to the width S of the water flow channel influences the contact area of gas and liquid together, and in the case of the same water flow channel width, the greater depth and width are better than the achievable heat radiation performance, so when the brass radiating fin 12 is provided, the depth of the brass radiating fin 12 should be as deep as possible (the length of the spoiler column 13 is not more than the length of the brass radiating fin 12);
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a work piece groove 18 is provided at the opening of the radiator tank 3 (the work piece groove 18 communicates with the inside of the radiator tank 3), and a supporting portion 34 is provided at the bottom of the work piece groove 18, and as shown in fig. 1, when the indirect water cooling device is used, firstly, the brass plate 21 is placed in the work piece groove 18, the lower end face of the brass plate 21 abuts against the supporting portion 34 (at this time, the brass fin 12 and the spoiler column 13 provided on the lower end face of the brass plate 21 are placed in the radiator tank 3), and then: the thickness of the brass plate is adapted to the depth of the workpiece groove 18 (so that when the brass plate 21 is placed in the workpiece groove 18, the upper surface of the brass plate 21 is kept flush with the upper surface of the radiator tank 3), as shown in fig. 3, threaded holes b8 are provided at the four corners of the bearing 34, and as shown in fig. 6 and 7, fixing holes b11 corresponding to the threaded holes b8 are also provided at the four corners of the brass plate 21, and the brass heat exchange assembly 19 is fixed on the radiator tank 3 by bolts penetrating through the fixing holes b11 and cooperating with the threaded holes b 8;
as shown in fig. 1, the clamping part comprises clamping blocks 20 arranged at two sides of the radiating water tank 3, clamping grooves 15 (used for clamping the workpiece 1) are respectively arranged at the bottom positions of two opposite sides of the clamping blocks 20, as shown in fig. 9, fixing holes c14 are arranged on the clamping blocks 20, threaded holes a5 are arranged at corresponding positions on the upper surface of the radiating water tank 3, as shown in fig. 1, the workpiece 1 is firstly placed on the upper surface of a brass plate 21, then the two clamping blocks 20 are respectively fixed at the positions of the upper surface of the radiating water tank 3 through hexagonal bolts a2, and at the moment, the clamping grooves 15 arranged at the bottom of one opposite sides of the two clamping blocks 20 just realize tight clamping of the workpiece 1 at the positions of the upper surface of the brass plate 21 (the size of the workpiece 1 is matched with the size of the radiating water tank 3);
the indirect water cooling device is in specific work: before high-speed laser cladding, firstly, placing a brass heat exchange assembly 19 in a workpiece groove 18 and on the upper end face of a bearing part 34, arranging a sealing gasket at the contact position of a brass plate 21 and the upper end face of the bearing part 34 to ensure that cooling water in a radiating water tank 3 cannot overflow, then placing a workpiece 1 on the upper surface position of the brass plate 21, and clamping and positioning the workpiece 1 (so that the workpiece cannot move) through two matched clamping blocks 20, wherein 10 brass cooling fins 12 are arranged on the lower end face of the brass plate 21 in total and 11 water flow channels are formed by the brass heat exchange assembly and the side wall of the radiating water tank 3 (9 groups of vortex assemblies are arranged in total and each vortex assembly comprises 4 vortex columns 13) are arranged on the lower end face of the brass plate 21, and when cooling water encounters the vortex columns 13 in the moving process in the water flow channels, vortex is generated and fully exchanges heat with the brass cooling fins 12 and the vortex columns 13 (heat in the workpiece 1 is conducted into the brass heat exchange assembly 19 and the heat conducted into the brass heat exchange assembly 19 is taken away under the action of the cooling liquid), so that the cooling efficiency is improved;
as shown in fig. 16, the water inlet channel 9 of the heat dissipating water tank 3 is connected with the industrial water cooler 33, the water outlet channel 10 is connected with the throttle valve 31, cooling water enters from the water inlet channel 9 and flows out from the water outlet channel 10, after the water flow is stable, a laser cladding experiment can be performed on the workpiece 1, the continuous feeding of the cooling water is ensured in the whole experiment process, and the laser cladding can be stopped after the laser cladding is finished.
2. When cooling is performed as a direct water cooling method
As shown in fig. 2, the radiator tank 3 is identical to the structure when operated as an indirect water cooling mode, except that: the device further comprises an annular clamping frame 6 matched with the workpiece groove 18, as shown in fig. 8, the annular clamping frame 6 comprises an annular clamping part 16 and a threaded hole c17, as shown in fig. 4, a fixing hole a4 is formed in the side wall of the radiating water tank 3, in specific use, a workpiece 1 is firstly placed in the workpiece groove 18 and placed on the upper end face of the supporting part 34 (a sealing gasket is arranged at the contact position of the workpiece 1 and the upper end face of the supporting part 34 to ensure that cooling water in the radiating water tank 3 cannot overflow), then the annular clamping part 16 is placed in the workpiece groove 18 and placed on the upper end face of the workpiece 1, and the annular clamping part and the workpiece 1 are fixed on the radiating water tank 3 through a hexagonal bolt b7 passing through the fixing hole a4 and matched with the threaded hole c17 (in particular, the workpiece 1 is clamped in the workpiece groove 18 on the radiating water tank 3 through the annular clamping frame 6);
before laser cladding, place work piece 1, annular holder 6 in proper order in work piece groove 18 and realize fixedly, cooling water gets into cooling water tank 3 from intake channel 9 and flows out from outlet channel 10 (the inside heat of work piece 1 is taken away by the coolant liquid through the heat transfer to realize cooling down, cooling effect to work piece 1), after the rivers are stable, laser cladding experiment begins going on, and whole process guarantees to keep letting in cooling water, can stop after the experiment finishes.
3. In combination with the above process, the scheme provides a high-speed laser cladding method with a forced water cooling system, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: firstly, selecting corresponding cooling modes according to different working conditions, and then fixing a workpiece 1 to be processed on a radiating water tank 3 through a clamping assembly according to different cooling modes;
s2: then the throttle valve 31, the flowmeter 30, the industrial water cooler 33 and the cooling device 26 are connected to form a forced water cooling system of water circulation;
s3: setting water cooling temperature by regulating and controlling the industrial water cooler 33, after the water temperature reaches set parameters, starting pumping water by the industrial water cooler 33, controlling the flow of cooling water through the throttle valve 31, enabling the value of the flowmeter 30 to reach a preset value, and keeping the flow of water stable;
s4: the control system 22, the powder feeder 23 (the control mode is adjusted to be an external control mode), the high-speed laser cladding head robot 24, the nitrogen tank 27, the laser 28 and the laser water cooling system 29 are sequentially started, and the control system 22 is used for programming and calling programs to control the movement track of the high-speed laser cladding head robot 24 and the setting of relevant laser cladding parameters to carry out laser cladding experiments;
the specific process of the laser cladding experiment in S4 is as follows: the powder feeder 23, the laser 28 and the high-speed laser cladding head robot 24 are controlled by the control system 22 to work cooperatively, namely, the nitrogen tank 27 conveys nitrogen to the powder feeder 23 and blows out cladding powder, the nitrogen clamps the cladding powder and sprays the cladding powder to the surface of a substrate together through the high-speed laser cladding head robot 24, and the laser 28 provides a stable heat source for the high-speed laser cladding head robot 24 to heat the cladding powder to a molten state and form a cladding layer on the surface of the substrate;
in the laser cladding process, a forced water cooling system (an indirect water cooling device and a direct water cooling device) synchronously cools and cools the base material, so that the cladding layer is rapidly cooled and solidified.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the invention, and it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but various modifications consistent with the idea of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The high-speed laser cladding system with the forced water cooling system is characterized by comprising a high-speed laser cladding head robot (24), a powder feeder (23), a laser (28), a laser water cooling system (29), a nitrogen tank (27), a control system (22) and the forced water cooling system;
the control system (22) respectively controls the high-speed laser cladding head robot (24), the powder feeder (23), the laser (28), the laser water cooling system (29) and the nitrogen tank (27) and realizes cooperative operation;
the forced water cooling system comprises a throttle valve (31), a flowmeter (30), an industrial water cooler (33) and a cooling device (26) which are communicated in sequence and form a closed loop;
the cooling device (26) comprises a radiating water tank (3) connected between the industrial water cooler (33) and the throttle valve (31), a workpiece groove (18) communicated with the inside is formed in the upper end of the radiating water tank (3), and a clamping assembly is arranged in the workpiece groove (18).
2. The high-speed laser cladding system with the forced water cooling system according to claim 1, wherein a bearing part (34) is arranged at the bottom of the workpiece dispersing groove (18), a brass plate (21) arranged above the bearing part (34) is arranged in the workpiece dispersing groove (18), a plurality of evenly arranged brass radiating fins (12) are integrally arranged at the bottom of the brass plate (21) and are arranged in the radiating water tank (3), and the length extending direction of the brass radiating fins (12) is parallel to the connecting lines of the water inlet channel (9) and the water outlet channel (10);
the clamping assembly comprises a clamping part which is arranged above the brass plate (21) and is arranged on the upper end face of the radiating water tank (3).
3. A high speed laser cladding system with forced water cooling system according to claim 2, wherein a water flow channel is formed between two adjacent brass cooling fins (12).
4. The high-speed laser cladding system with the forced water cooling system according to claim 2, wherein the clamping part comprises two clamping blocks (20) which are arranged at two sides of the radiating water tank (3) at intervals, and a clamping groove (15) is formed in the bottom of one opposite side of the two clamping blocks (20).
5. A high speed laser cladding system with forced water cooling system according to claim 2, wherein the clamping assembly comprises an annular clamping frame (6) disposed within the workpiece trough (18) and disposed above the holding portion (34).
6. A high-speed laser cladding method with a forced water cooling system, which adopts the high-speed laser cladding system with a forced water cooling system as set forth in claims 1-5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: firstly, selecting corresponding cooling modes according to different working conditions, and then fixing a workpiece to be processed on a radiating water tank through a clamping assembly according to different cooling modes;
s2: then connecting a throttle valve, a flowmeter, an industrial water cooler and a cooling device to form a forced water cooling system of water circulation;
s3: setting cooling water temperature by regulating and controlling the industrial water cooler, after the water temperature reaches set parameters, starting pumping water by the industrial water cooler, controlling cooling water flow by a throttle valve, enabling the numerical value of a flowmeter to reach a preset value, and keeping water flow stable;
s4: and sequentially starting the control system, the powder feeder, the high-speed laser cladding head robot, the nitrogen tank, the laser and the switch of the laser water cooling system, programming and calling a program through the control system, and controlling the movement track of the high-speed laser cladding head robot and the setting of related laser cladding parameters to carry out laser cladding experiments.
7. The high-speed laser cladding method with forced water cooling system according to claim 6, wherein in S4, the control system controls the powder feeder, the laser and the high-speed laser cladding head robot to work cooperatively, the nitrogen tank delivers nitrogen to the powder feeder and blows out cladding powder, the nitrogen clamps the cladding powder and is sprayed to the surface of the substrate together by the high-speed laser cladding head robot, and the laser provides a stable heat source for the high-speed laser cladding head robot to heat the cladding powder to a molten state and form a cladding layer on the surface of the substrate.
8. The method for high-speed laser cladding with forced water cooling system according to claim 6, wherein in S4, the forced water cooling system synchronously cools down and cools down the substrate to realize rapid cooling down and solidification of the cladding layer.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the cooling means comprises direct water cooling or indirect water cooling.
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Citations (5)
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| CN106835127A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-06-13 | 清华大学 | A kind of forced cooling device for laser melting coating directional solidificating alloy |
| CN110662403A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-07 | 北京交通大学 | Jet cooling device for array turbulence column |
| CN210683941U (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2020-06-05 | 武汉武钢华工激光大型装备有限公司 | High-speed laser cladding head |
| CN210916257U (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-07-03 | 株洲辉锐增材制造技术有限公司 | Bearing device for laser cladding plane product and laser cladding system |
| US20210001402A1 (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2021-01-07 | Directed Metal 3D, S.L. | Multi-mode laser device for metal manufacturing applications |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106835127A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-06-13 | 清华大学 | A kind of forced cooling device for laser melting coating directional solidificating alloy |
| US20210001402A1 (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2021-01-07 | Directed Metal 3D, S.L. | Multi-mode laser device for metal manufacturing applications |
| CN210683941U (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2020-06-05 | 武汉武钢华工激光大型装备有限公司 | High-speed laser cladding head |
| CN110662403A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-07 | 北京交通大学 | Jet cooling device for array turbulence column |
| CN210916257U (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-07-03 | 株洲辉锐增材制造技术有限公司 | Bearing device for laser cladding plane product and laser cladding system |
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