CN117363932A - Aluminum alloy conductor material, preparation method thereof and wire drawing method - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy conductor material, preparation method thereof and wire drawing method Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 279
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910018084 Al-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910018192 Al—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 46
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 27
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 25
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005885 boration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017076 Fe Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005271 boronizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001803 electron scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/006—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with use of an inert protective material including the use of an inert gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy conductor material, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: b:0.005% -0.015%, si:0.005% -0.04%, fe:0.4% -0.5%, zr:0.03 to 0.05 percent of Sc:0.05 to 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 0.006 percent of (Cr+Mn+V+Ti), and the balance of aluminum and other unavoidable trace impurities. According to the invention, a proper amount of B, fe, zr, sc alloying elements are added into an aluminum matrix, and annealing treatment is combined, so that the conductivity of the aluminum alloy is ensured, and meanwhile, the aluminum alloy is ensured to have good tensile property and compressive creep property, so that the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable, the conductivity of which is more than or equal to 62.0 percent IACS (20 ℃) is prepared, the room-temperature tensile strength is more than or equal to 135.0MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 20.0 percent, and the compressive creep amount of the material is not more than 150.0 percent of the compressive creep amount of a pure copper conductor under the same test condition (90 MPa,120 ℃ and 100 hours).
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of conductor materials for power cables in the power industry, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy conductor material, a preparation method thereof and a wire drawing method.
Background
The electric wires and cables are used as important carriers for power transmission and are the basis for supporting the development of various industries. At present, the copper conductor power cable is still used as a main body at home and abroad, and the use amount accounts for more than 90% of the total amount of the cable industry. The consumption of the aluminum core conductor power cable in China is smaller and less than 5%, and the aluminum core conductor power cable is mainly concentrated in power distribution network engineering with the voltage class of 35kV and below. In the countries such as the United states, germany, canada, england and the like, the aluminum core conductor power land cable is widely applied to the voltage class of 380kV and below, and is gradually popularized and applied in 500kV direct current sea cable engineering. In recent 5 years, medium-low voltage aluminum conductor power cables with voltage levels of 35kV and below are gradually accepted by users, the popularization and application scale of the medium-low voltage aluminum conductor power cables in the scenes of power, construction, rail transit, aerospace and the like is gradually improved, and new opportunities are brought to the development and application of the high-voltage aluminum conductor power cables.
Currently, aluminum-based conductors for power cables are mainly pure aluminum or aluminum alloys. Compared with a pure aluminum conductor, the aluminum alloy conductor can effectively reduce the creep tendency of the pure aluminum conductor material under the combined action of heat and pressure, so that the electric connection of the aluminum alloy conductor has stable reliability equivalent to that of a copper core cable conductor. While maintaining the electrical properties of pure aluminum conductor cables, aluminum alloy conductor cables have more excellent mechanical properties. The aluminum alloy conductor has the characteristics of light weight and flexibility, overcomes the defects of memory effect, high rebound and the like of the traditional copper core cable, is more beneficial to transportation, construction and installation due to smaller bending radius, saves a cable bridge and a construction period, and has more advantages in a narrow area with limited installation environment.
However, the current aluminum alloy conductor material still has the technical problem that the conductivity, the tensile property and the compressive creep property are difficult to cooperatively improve, and the application of the domestic aluminum alloy power cable in 66kV and above voltage class power transmission line engineering is severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the conductivity, the tensile property and the compressive creep property of an aluminum alloy conductor material are difficult to cooperatively improve.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
an aluminum alloy conductor material, comprising, in parts by weight: b:0.005% -0.015%, si:0.005% -0.04%, fe:0.4% -0.5%, zr:0.03 to 0.05 percent of Sc:0.05 to 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 0.006 percent of (Cr+Mn+V+Ti), and the balance of aluminum and other unavoidable trace impurities.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy conductor material comprises second phases of Al3Fe, al3Zr and Al3Sc and AlZrSc nanometer-sized composite particles which are dispersed and distributed.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy conductor material based on the same inventive concept, which is used for preparing the aluminum alloy conductor material, and comprises the following steps of:
smelting:
at 710-730 ℃, adding into melted industrial pure aluminum ingot melt:
adding Al-B intermediate alloy to carry out boride treatment, wherein the content of B element is controlled to be 0.005-0.015 percent by weight percent;
after standing treatment, adding Al-Fe intermediate alloy, controlling the content of Fe element to be 0.4-0.5% by weight percent, and preserving heat and stirring after melting; adding Al-Zr intermediate alloy and Al-Sc intermediate alloy, controlling the content of Zr element to be 0.03-0.05% by weight percent, controlling the content of Sc element to be 0.05-0.1% by weight percent, and preserving heat and stirring after melting;
mixing and stirring after the intermediate alloy is completely melted to obtain melted aluminum alloy liquid;
refining:
introducing high-purity argon and a refining agent from the bottom of the smelted aluminum alloy liquid at 710-730 ℃ for refining, and controlling (Cr+Mn+V+Ti) to be less than or equal to 0.006% by weight percent to obtain refined aluminum alloy liquid;
and (5) filtering and casting:
and filtering and impurity removing the refined aluminum alloy liquid at 710-730 ℃ through a ceramic filter screen, casting the refined aluminum alloy liquid into a preheated mold, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the Al content in the industrial pure aluminum ingot is more than or equal to 99.7 percent.
Preferably, the B content of the Al-B master alloy is 2% by mass.
Preferably, the Al-Fe master alloy contains 10 mass percent of Fe.
Preferably, the Zr content of the Al-Zr intermediate alloy is 2% by mass.
Preferably, the content of Sc in the Al-Sc master alloy is 2% by mass.
Preferably, the mixing and stirring comprises electromagnetic stirring.
The invention also provides an aluminum alloy wire drawing method based on the same inventive concept, which is used for preparing aluminum alloy monofilaments and comprises the following steps:
the cast ingot of the aluminum alloy or the cast ingot of the aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy is subjected to heat preservation for 2-3 hours at 490-510 ℃ for homogenization treatment, and then is continuously rolled into an aluminum alloy round rod by a rolling mill;
drawing the aluminum alloy round rod on a drawing machine at a speed of 6-8 m/s, wherein the drawing temperature is 30-40 ℃, the deformation is 5-6%, and drawing for multiple times by adopting a polycrystalline diamond drawing die to obtain drawn aluminum alloy monofilaments;
and aging the drawn aluminum alloy monofilament in a box-type heat treatment furnace to obtain the aluminum alloy monofilament.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses an aluminum alloy conductor material, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: b:0.005% -0.015%, si:0.005% -0.04%, fe:0.4% -0.5%, zr:0.03 to 0.05 percent of Sc:0.05 to 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 0.006 percent of (Cr+Mn+V+Ti), and the balance of aluminum and other unavoidable trace impurities.
According to the invention, a proper amount of B, fe, zr, sc alloying elements are added into an aluminum matrix, and annealing treatment is combined, so that the conductivity of the aluminum alloy is ensured, and meanwhile, the aluminum alloy is ensured to have good tensile property and compressive creep property, so that the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable, the conductivity of which is more than or equal to 62.0 percent IACS (20 ℃) is prepared, the room-temperature tensile strength is more than or equal to 135.0MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 20.0 percent, and the compressive creep amount of the material is not more than 150.0 percent of the compressive creep amount of a pure copper conductor under the same test condition (90 MPa,120 ℃ and 100 hours).
Due to the compound addition of proper amount of Fe, zr and Sc alloying elements, partial solid solution in the aluminum matrix is separated out to form Al after the prepared aluminum alloy monofilament is subjected to adaptive annealing treatment 3 Fe、Al 3 Zr、Al 3 The Sc second phase and the AlZrSc nanometer-sized composite particles improve the conductivity of the aluminum alloy, and meanwhile, the second phase and the composite particles are uniformly and diffusely distributed, so that the movement of dislocation and the movement of grain boundaries are hindered, and the aluminum alloy is strengthened. Therefore, after the aluminum alloy material added with a proper amount of Fe, zr and Sc alloying elements is subjected to the adaptive annealing treatment, the cooperative optimization and improvement of the conductivity, the tensile strength, the elongation and the compressive creep property of the aluminum alloy are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic micrograph of an aluminum alloy monofilament of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a transmission electron micrograph of an annealed aluminum alloy conductor material according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution is further described below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments to help understand the content of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention aims to develop an aluminum alloy conductor material with good conductivity, tensile property and compressive creep property for a power cable in the power industry, and solve the technical problem that the conductivity, tensile strength, elongation and compressive creep property of the conductor material for the power cable in active service are difficult to cooperatively improve. The aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable is mainly prepared from an industrial pure aluminum ingot (the mass percentage of Al content is more than or equal to 97.0 percent), the contents of alloying elements of boron (B), iron (Fe), zirconium (Zr) and scandium (Sc) are optimally controlled, and the microstructure, the force, the electricity and the compressive creep properties of the aluminum alloy are adjusted through a heat treatment process, so that the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable, the electric conductivity of which is more than or equal to 62.0 percent IACS (20 ℃), the room-temperature tensile strength of which is more than or equal to 135.0MPa, the elongation of which is more than or equal to 20.0 percent, and the compressive creep of the aluminum alloy material under the same test conditions (90 MPa,120 ℃ for 100 hours) is not more than 150.0 percent of the compressive creep of pure copper.
Technical measures for implementing the purposes are as follows:
the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable comprises the following alloy elements of Al, B, si, fe, zr, sc, cr, mn, V, ti and the like in a component system: b:0.005% -0.015%; si: 0.005-0.04%; fe:0.4 to 0.5 percent; zr:0.03 to 0.05 percent; sc:0.05 to 0.1 percent; (Cr+Mn+V+Ti) is less than or equal to 0.006%, and the balance is aluminum and other unavoidable trace impurities.
The action and mechanism of each alloy element in the invention are as follows:
b: the chemical composition is the most basic factor affecting the conductivity of aluminum conductors, so reducing the impurity element content is the main means of improving the conductivity of aluminum conductors. The impurity element, if present in a solid solution state, has a more pronounced effect on the conductive properties of the aluminum conductor. The boration treatment is an effective method for reducing the impurity content in the aluminum conductor, namely, after a certain amount of B element is added into the aluminum conductor, the B element can react with main impurity elements such as transitional impurity element Cr, mn, V, ti and the like, so that the B element is converted from a solid solution state to a compound state and deposited at the bottom of a melt, and the conductivity of the aluminum conductor is improved.
Si: the silicon can improve the casting performance and welding fluidity of the aluminum alloy, and can also enable the aluminum alloy to have higher mechanical properties, and the alloy can be heat-treated and strengthened due to the fact that the silicon can form a plurality of compounds in the alloy. As the Si content increases, the conductivity of the alloy decreases. This is due to the fact that increasing the Si content in the alloy increases the amount of free Si in the aluminum matrix, which is a semiconductor, much higher than the resistivity of the aluminum matrix, so that an excessive increase in Si content reduces the effective conductive cross-sectional area of the aluminum matrix and reduces the conductivity of the alloy.
Fe: iron can form a strengthening phase Al during casting 3 Fe。Al 3 The Fe precipitated phase particles are heat-resistant stable phases, play a role in pinning grain boundaries in an aluminum matrix to slow down movement of the Fe precipitated phase particles, make grain slip difficult, have a dispersion strengthening effect on the matrix, and contribute to improvement of strength and creep property of the aluminum alloy. Research shows that the grain size and grain boundary width of aluminum alloys vary with the content of Fe element. In addition, the content of Fe element affects the conductivity of the aluminum alloy because the solid solubility of Fe element is low, the content of Fe atoms dissolved in the aluminum matrix is low, and as the content of Fe increases, the electron scattering caused by the solid solution effect of Fe increases, and the formation of al—fe compound also reduces the number of free electrons, resulting in an increase in the electrical resistance of the aluminum alloy. Therefore, in order to ensure the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy and simultaneously maintain good conductivity, attention should be paid to optimally controlling the content of Fe element.
Zr: proper amount of Zr element is added into the aluminum alloy, and after annealing treatment with proper temperature and heat preservation time, tiny dispersion distribution Al can be formed in the aluminum matrix 3 The Zr second phase particles play a role in precipitation strengthening on the aluminum matrix, and are beneficial to improving the tensile strength and creep property of the aluminum alloy. Meanwhile, the addition of Zr element can raise the recrystallization temperature of the aluminum alloy, and is helpful for improving the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy has good high-temperature stability. In addition, the addition of a proper amount of Zr has little influence on the conductivity of the aluminum alloy, so that strict control is needed during actual addition in order to ensure the conductivity of the aluminum alloy conductor material.
Sc: the addition of a proper amount of Sc elements in the aluminum alloy helps to refine the as-cast structure, refine the crystal grains and form fine and dispersed Al 3 The Sc phase may provide a more efficient nucleation or inhibit migration of grain boundaries and subgrain boundaries for the Al matrix. This isIn addition, the Sc element can react with impurity elements Si, mn and the like in the aluminum alloy to change the impurity elements from an atomic state to a precipitation state, thereby being beneficial to improving the conductivity of the aluminum alloy. Meanwhile, on the basis of adding Zr element, a proper amount of Sc element is added, which is beneficial to improving the conductivity of the Al-Zr alloy, mainly the solid solubility of alloy atoms can be reduced by adding the Sc element, the desolventizing of solid solution Zr is promoted, and the conductivity of the aluminum alloy is improved. Meanwhile, a proper amount of Zr and Sc elements are added in a compounding way to form the alloy with L1 2 The aluminum alloy has the advantages that the fine dispersed AlZrSc composite particles with the structure are subjected to annealing heat treatment, and the precipitated nanometer-sized AlZrSc composite particles are favorable for blocking the movement of dislocation and the movement of grain boundaries, so that the tensile strength and the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy are improved, and the creep resistance temperature of the aluminum alloy reaches more than 300 ℃. Therefore, the addition of a proper amount of Sc element is helpful for improving the high-temperature creep resistance of the aluminum alloy.
Cr, mn, V, ti: the four elements are all impurity elements in the electrical pure aluminum. When the Cr, mn, V, ti impurity element in the aluminum material exists in a solid solution state, free electrons in the material are easily absorbed to fill the incomplete electron layers, and the reduction of the number of free electrons playing a conductive role leads to the increase of the resistivity of the aluminum material. Studies have shown that every 1% (Cr+Mn+V+Ti) impurity element has a 5-fold detrimental effect on the conductivity of aluminum conductors compared to every 1% Si element. It can be seen from this that the strict control of the content of the impurity element Cr, mn, V, ti plays an important role in ensuring the conductivity of the aluminum conductor.
According to the invention, a proper amount of B, fe, zr, sc alloying elements are added into an aluminum matrix, and annealing treatment is combined, so that the conductivity of the aluminum alloy is ensured, and meanwhile, the aluminum alloy is ensured to have good tensile property and compressive creep property, so that the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable, the conductivity of which is more than or equal to 62.0 percent IACS (20 ℃) is prepared, the room-temperature tensile strength is more than or equal to 135.0MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 20.0 percent, and the compressive creep amount of the material is not more than 150.0 percent of the compressive creep amount of a pure copper conductor under the same test condition (90 MPa,120 ℃ and 100 hours).
Due to the compound addition of proper amount of Fe, zr and Sc alloying elements, the prepared aluminum alloy monofilament is subjected to adaptive annealing treatment, and then partial solid solution is carried out in the aluminum matrixPrecipitation of the body to form Al 3 Fe、Al 3 Zr、Al 3 The Sc second phase and the AlZrSc nanometer-sized composite particles improve the conductivity of the aluminum alloy, and meanwhile, the second phase and the composite particles are uniformly and diffusely distributed, so that the movement of dislocation and the movement of grain boundaries are hindered, and the aluminum alloy is strengthened. Therefore, after the aluminum alloy material added with a proper amount of Fe, zr and Sc alloying elements is subjected to the adaptive annealing treatment, the cooperative optimization and improvement of the conductivity, the tensile strength, the elongation and the compressive creep property of the aluminum alloy are facilitated.
Example 2
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable, which comprises the following steps:
1) Smelting and alloying: adding an industrial pure aluminum ingot (the mass percentage of the Al content is more than or equal to 99.7%) into a smelting furnace for smelting, and keeping the smelting temperature at 730-750 ℃; after the industrial pure aluminum ingot is completely melted, preserving heat at 710-730 ℃, adding an Al-B intermediate alloy (the mass percent of the B content is 2%) for boride treatment, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-B intermediate alloy is completely melted, wherein the stirring time is 10-15 min each time, the total time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; standing for 30min after the boronizing treatment, adding an Al-Fe intermediate alloy (the mass percent of Fe is 10%) at 710-730 ℃, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-Fe intermediate alloy is completely melted, wherein the stirring time is 10-15 min each time, and the interval between the two times is 10min; then adding Al-Zr intermediate alloy (the mass percentage of Zr content is 2%) and Al-Sc intermediate alloy (the mass percentage of Sc content is 2%) at 710-730 ℃ simultaneously, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-Zr intermediate alloy and the Al-Sc intermediate alloy are completely melted, wherein the stirring time is 10-15 min each time, the total time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; finally, standing the aluminum alloy liquid for 30min;
2) Refining: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid prepared in the step 1) within the range of 710-730 ℃, introducing high-purity nitrogen (the purity is 99.99%) and a refining agent into the bottom of the aluminum alloy liquid, stirring for 10-15 min after 15-20 min, and standing for 20min for slag removal; the adding amount of the refining agent is about 0.2% -0.3% of the total amount of the furnace burden;
3) And (5) filtering and casting: carrying out double-click filtration and impurity removal on the aluminum alloy liquid prepared in the step 2) at the temperature of 710-730 ℃ through two SiC ceramic filter screens, wherein the porosity of the two filter screens is 70-75%, and the mesh size is 70-80 meshes; the aluminum alloy liquid is filtered in two ways and then is cast into a red copper mold preheated for 2 to 3 hours at the temperature of 200 to 250 ℃ to prepare a cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot with the size phi 25mm multiplied by 450 mm;
4) Rolling: the aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared in the step 3) is subjected to heat preservation for 2 to 3 hours at 490 to 510 ℃ and then is continuously rolled into an aluminum alloy round rod with the diameter of 9.5mm by a rolling mill;
5) And (3) wiredrawing: drawing the phi 9.5mm aluminum alloy round rod prepared in the step 4) on a wire drawing machine at the speed of 6-8 m/s, wherein the wire drawing temperature is 30-40 ℃, and the deformation is 5% -6%; drawing by adopting a polycrystalline diamond wire drawing die for multiple times to obtain an aluminum alloy round monofilament with the diameter of 2.5 mm;
6) Annealing: annealing the round aluminum alloy monofilaments with the diameter of 2.5mm obtained in the step 5) in a box-type heat treatment furnace, and putting the round aluminum alloy monofilaments into the furnace for annealing at the temperature of 280-300 ℃ for 6-8 hours; after the annealing treatment is finished, cooling to room temperature along with a furnace, and finally obtaining the aluminum alloy monofilament with the diameter of 2.5 mm.
According to the preparation method provided by the invention, the Al-B intermediate alloy is added, and after standing for 30min, the slag is removed, the Al-Fe intermediate alloy, the Al-Zr intermediate alloy and the Al-Sc intermediate alloy are added.
In the preparation method provided by the invention, in the step 1), after an industrial pure aluminum ingot is completely melted at the temperature of 730-750 ℃, an Al-B intermediate alloy is added after the temperature is raised to 710-730 ℃, slag is removed after standing for 30min, an Al-Fe intermediate alloy is added at the temperature of 710-730 ℃, and then an Al-Zr intermediate alloy and an Al-Sc intermediate alloy are added at the temperature of 710-730 ℃; after the intermediate alloy is added and completely melted, the aluminum alloy liquid is subjected to electromagnetic stirring for 10-15 min each time, 3 times are added, and the interval between the two times is 10min.
In the step 4) of the preparation method provided by the invention, the cast aluminum alloy cast ingot is subjected to heat preservation for 2-3 hours at 490-510 ℃ and then is continuously rolled into an aluminum alloy round rod with the diameter of 9.5mm by a rolling mill;
in the step 5) of the preparation method provided by the invention, the rolled aluminum alloy round rod with the diameter of 9.5mm is drawn for a plurality of times on a wire drawing machine to prepare aluminum alloy round monofilaments with the diameter of 2.5 mm;
in the step 6) of the preparation method provided by the invention, annealing treatment is carried out on the aluminum alloy round monofilament obtained by drawing at the temperature of 280-300 ℃ for 6-8 h; after the annealing treatment is finished, cooling to room temperature along with a furnace, and finally obtaining the aluminum alloy round monofilament with the diameter of 2.5 mm.
The conductivity of the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable is more than or equal to 62.0% IACS (20 ℃), the room-temperature tensile strength is more than or equal to 135.0MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 20.0%, and the compressive creep amount of the material under the same test conditions (90 MPa,120 ℃ and 100 h) is not more than 150.0% of that of a pure copper conductor.
According to the invention, as B, fe, zr, sc alloying elements are added into the aluminum matrix, the impurity content in the aluminum matrix can be reduced, the conductivity can be improved, and the tensile property and the compressive creep property of the aluminum alloy can be improved through heat treatment aging precipitation phase, so that the aluminum alloy material is ensured to have good conductivity and mechanical property. The process is characterized in that: smelting an industrial pure aluminum ingot (the mass percentage of the Al content is more than or equal to 99.7%) at the temperature of 730-750 ℃, adding an Al-B intermediate alloy for boration treatment at the temperature of 710-730 ℃ after the industrial pure aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding an Al-Fe intermediate alloy at the temperature of 710-730 ℃, and then adding an Al-Zr intermediate alloy and an Al-Sc intermediate alloy at the temperature of 710-730 ℃. Electromagnetic stirring is carried out on the aluminum alloy liquid added with the intermediate alloy by using a stirrer, so that microalloying elements are fully homogenized; adopting a refining agent to remove hydrogen and slag from the aluminum liquid, standing for 30min, and then removing slag; adopting a double-stage filtering and impurity removing process of a double-stage SiC ceramic filter screen, then carrying out aluminum alloy liquid casting, and adopting a red copper material mould preheated for 2-3 hours at 200-250 ℃ to cast into a cylindrical aluminum alloy cast ingot with the diameter of phi 25mm multiplied by 450 mm; adopting a rolling mode to perform heat preservation on an aluminum alloy ingot for 2-3 hours at 490-510 ℃ and then rolling the aluminum alloy ingot into an aluminum alloy round rod with the diameter of 9.5 mm; drawing the aluminum alloy round rod into aluminum alloy monofilaments with the diameter of 2.5mm by adopting a multi-pass continuous drawing method; and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the aluminum alloy monofilaments in a box-type heat treatment furnace at a heat treatment temperature of 280-300 ℃ for 6-8 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after the heat treatment is finished, so that the aluminum alloy conductor material with good conductivity, tensile strength, elongation and compressive creep resistance is finally obtained.
Annealing: in the preparation process of the aluminum alloy material, after cold working deformation such as rolling and the like, a large number of microstructure defects (such as vacancies, dislocation and the like) can appear in the aluminum alloy material, a large number of deformation energy is stored, the annealing treatment at a proper heat treatment temperature and a proper heat preservation time can homogenize the internal component structure of the aluminum alloy, reduce the defects of vacancies, dislocation and the like, play a role in improving the plasticity and reducing the strength, meanwhile, the disappearance of subgrain has an effect in improving the conductivity of the aluminum alloy, the annealing treatment can also reduce or eliminate the internal stress, promote the recrystallization of broken grains and improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy. In addition, due to the composite addition of proper amounts of Fe, zr and Sc alloying elements, partial solid solution in the aluminum matrix is precipitated to form Al after the prepared aluminum alloy monofilament is subjected to adaptive annealing treatment 3 Fe、Al 3 Zr、Al 3 The Sc second phase and the AlZrSc nanometer-sized composite particles improve the conductivity of the aluminum alloy, and meanwhile, the second phase and the composite particles are uniformly and diffusely distributed, so that the movement of dislocation and the movement of grain boundaries are hindered, and the aluminum alloy is strengthened. Therefore, after the aluminum alloy material added with a proper amount of Fe, zr and Sc alloying elements is subjected to the adaptive annealing treatment, the cooperative optimization and improvement of the conductivity, the tensile strength, the elongation and the compressive creep property of the aluminum alloy are facilitated.
According to the invention, a proper amount of B, fe, zr, sc alloying elements are added into an aluminum matrix, and annealing treatment is combined, so that the conductivity of the aluminum alloy is ensured, and meanwhile, the aluminum alloy is ensured to have good tensile property and compressive creep property, so that the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable, the conductivity of which is more than or equal to 62.0 percent IACS (20 ℃) is prepared, the room-temperature tensile strength is more than or equal to 135.0MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 20.0 percent, and the compressive creep amount of the material is not more than 150.0 percent of the compressive creep amount of a pure copper conductor under the same test condition (90 MPa,120 ℃ and 100 hours).
The following steps are specific to the embodiment:
an aluminum alloy conductor material for a power cable comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable comprises the following steps:
1) Smelting and alloying: melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot with the purity equal to 99.7 percent (mass percent) at 750 ℃ and then adding the molten industrial pure aluminum ingot into a master alloy;
2) Refining: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid prepared in the step 1) at 730 ℃, introducing high-purity nitrogen (the purity is 99.99%) and a refining agent into the bottom of the aluminum alloy liquid, stirring for 15min after the aeration time is 15min, and standing for 20min for slag removal;
3) And (5) filtering and casting: the aluminum alloy liquid prepared in the step 2) is filtered and mixed by two stages of SiC ceramic filter screens at 730 ℃ and then is cast into a red copper mold to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
4) Rolling: continuously rolling the aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared in the step 3) into an aluminum alloy round rod with the diameter of 9.5mm by a rolling mill;
5) And (3) wiredrawing: drawing the aluminum alloy round rod prepared in the step 4) into aluminum alloy round monofilaments with the diameter of 2.5mm in multiple passes, wherein the internal metallographic structure of the aluminum alloy round monofilaments is shown in figure 1;
6) Annealing: and 5) annealing the aluminum alloy round monofilament prepared in the step 5) in a box-type heat treatment furnace, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after the annealing treatment is finished, so as to finally prepare the aluminum alloy round monofilament with the diameter of 2.5mm, wherein the internal metallographic structure is shown in figure 2.
Specifically, the addition sequence of the intermediate alloy in the step 1) is as follows: adding an Al-B intermediate alloy at 730 ℃, carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-B intermediate alloy is completely melted, and stirring for 15min each time for 3 times at intervals of 10min; after the boration treatment is finished and the standing is carried out for 30min, adding an Al-Fe intermediate alloy at 730 ℃, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-Fe intermediate alloy is completely melted, wherein each stirring time is 15min, the total time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; then adding Al-Zr and Al-Sc intermediate alloy at 730 ℃ simultaneously, and using a stirrer to carry out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein each stirring time is 15min, the total time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; finally, standing the prepared aluminum alloy liquid for 30min;
specifically, the adding amount of the refining agent in the step 2) is 0.3% of the total amount of the furnace burden.
Specifically, in the step 3), the porosity of the SiC ceramic filter screen is 70%, and the mesh size is 80 mesh; the preheating temperature of the red copper material die is 250 ℃, and the preheating time is 2 hours; the size of the prepared aluminum alloy cast ingot is phi 25mm multiplied by 450mm.
Specifically, the aluminum alloy cast ingot in the step 4) is subjected to heat treatment at 510 ℃ for 2 hours before being rolled.
Specifically, the phi 9.5mm aluminum alloy round rod in the step 5) is drawn by adopting a polycrystalline diamond wire drawing die, the wire drawing speed is 8m/s, the wire drawing temperature is 40 ℃, and the deformation is 6%;
specifically, the annealing treatment temperature of the aluminum alloy round monofilaments in the step 6) is 300 ℃, and the annealing time is 6 hours.
The technical contents of the necessity not described are all prior art.
The electric conductivity of the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable prepared by the scheme is 62.4% IACS (20 ℃), the room-temperature tensile strength is 135.1MPa, the elongation is 20.0%, and the ratio of the compressive creep of the aluminum alloy to the compressive creep of pure copper under the same test conditions (90 MPa,120 ℃ and 100 h) is 150.0%.
Example 3
An aluminum alloy conductor material for a power cable comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable comprises the following steps:
1) Smelting and alloying: melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot with the purity equal to 99.7 percent (mass percent) at 730 ℃ and then adding an intermediate alloy;
2) Refining: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid prepared in the step 1) at 710 ℃, introducing high-purity nitrogen (the purity is 99.99%) and a refining agent into the bottom of the aluminum alloy liquid, stirring for 10min after the ventilation time is 20min, and standing for 20min for slag removal;
3) And (5) filtering and casting: the aluminum alloy liquid prepared in the step 2) is filtered and mixed by two stages of SiC ceramic filter screens at 710 ℃ and then is cast into a red copper mold to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
4) Rolling: continuously rolling the aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared in the step 3) into an aluminum alloy round rod with the diameter of 9.5mm by a rolling mill;
5) And (3) wiredrawing: drawing the aluminum alloy round rod prepared in the step 4) into aluminum alloy round monofilaments with the diameter of 2.5mm in multiple passes;
6) Annealing: and 5) annealing the aluminum alloy round monofilaments prepared in the step 5) in a box-type heat treatment furnace, and cooling the aluminum alloy round monofilaments to room temperature along with the furnace after the annealing treatment is finished, so as to finally prepare the aluminum alloy round monofilaments with the diameter of 2.5 mm.
Specifically, the addition sequence of the intermediate alloy in the step 1) is as follows: adding an Al-B intermediate alloy at 710 ℃, carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-B intermediate alloy is completely melted, wherein each stirring time is 10min, the total time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; after the boration treatment is finished and the standing is carried out for 30min, adding an Al-Fe intermediate alloy at 710 ℃, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-Fe intermediate alloy is completely melted, wherein each stirring time is 10min, the total time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; then adding Al-Zr and Al-Sc intermediate alloy at 710 ℃ simultaneously, and using a stirrer to carry out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein each stirring time is 10min, the total time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; finally, standing the prepared aluminum alloy liquid for 30min;
specifically, the adding amount of the refining agent in the step 2) is 0.2% of the total amount of the furnace burden.
Specifically, in the step 3), the porosity of the SiC ceramic filter screen is 75%, and the mesh size is 70 mesh; the preheating temperature of the red copper material die is 200 ℃, and the preheating time is 3 hours; the size of the prepared aluminum alloy cast ingot is phi 25mm multiplied by 450mm.
Specifically, the aluminum alloy cast ingot in the step 4) is subjected to heat treatment at 490 ℃ for 3 hours before being rolled.
Specifically, the phi 9.5mm aluminum alloy round rod in the step 5) is drawn by adopting a polycrystalline diamond wire drawing die, the wire drawing speed is 6m/s, the wire drawing temperature is 30 ℃, and the deformation is 5%;
specifically, the annealing treatment temperature of the aluminum alloy round monofilaments in the step 6) is 280 ℃, and the annealing time is 8 hours.
The electric conductivity of the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable prepared by the scheme is 62.3% IACS (20 ℃), the room-temperature tensile strength is 136.4MPa, the elongation is 20.2%, and the ratio of the compressive creep amount of the aluminum alloy to the compressive creep amount of pure copper under the same test conditions (90 MPa,120 ℃ and 100 h) is 149.2%.
The essential technical matters not described in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 2 or are the prior art.
Example 4
An aluminum alloy conductor material for a power cable comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable comprises the following steps:
1) Smelting and alloying: melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot with the purity equal to 99.7 percent (mass percent) at 740 ℃ and then adding the molten industrial pure aluminum ingot into a master alloy;
2) Refining: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid prepared in the step 1) at 720 ℃, introducing high-purity nitrogen (the purity is 99.99%) and a refining agent into the bottom of the aluminum alloy liquid, stirring for 10min after 15min of aeration, and standing for 20min for slag removal;
3) And (5) filtering and casting: the aluminum alloy liquid prepared in the step 2) is filtered and mixed by two stages of SiC ceramic filter screens at 720 ℃ and then is cast into a red copper mold to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
4) Rolling: continuously rolling the aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared in the step 3) into an aluminum alloy round rod with the diameter of 9.5mm by a rolling mill;
5) And (3) wiredrawing: drawing the aluminum alloy round rod prepared in the step 4) into aluminum alloy round monofilaments with the diameter of 2.5mm in multiple passes;
6) Annealing: and 5) annealing the aluminum alloy round monofilaments prepared in the step 5) in a box-type heat treatment furnace, and cooling the aluminum alloy round monofilaments to room temperature along with the furnace after the annealing treatment is finished, so as to finally prepare the aluminum alloy round monofilaments with the diameter of 2.5 mm.
Specifically, the addition sequence of the intermediate alloy in the step 1) is as follows: adding an Al-B intermediate alloy at 720 ℃, carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-B intermediate alloy is completely melted, wherein each stirring time is 10min, the total stirring time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; after the boronization is finished and the standing is carried out for 30min, adding Al-Fe intermediate alloy at 720 ℃, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-Fe intermediate alloy is completely melted, wherein each stirring time is 10min, the total time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; then adding Al-Zr and Al-Sc intermediate alloy at 710 ℃ simultaneously, and using a stirrer to carry out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein each stirring time is 10min, the total time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; finally, standing the prepared aluminum alloy liquid for 30min;
specifically, the addition amount of the refining agent in the step 2) is 0.25% of the total amount of the furnace burden.
Specifically, in the step 3), the porosity of the SiC ceramic filter screen is 75%, and the mesh size is 70 mesh; the preheating temperature of the red copper material die is 230 ℃, and the preheating time is 3 hours; the size of the prepared aluminum alloy cast ingot is phi 25mm multiplied by 450mm.
Specifically, the aluminum alloy cast ingot in the step 4) is subjected to heat treatment at 500 ℃ for 3 hours before being rolled.
Specifically, the phi 9.5mm aluminum alloy round rod in the step 5) is drawn by adopting a polycrystalline diamond wire drawing die, the wire drawing speed is 7m/s, the wire drawing temperature is 35 ℃, and the deformation is 5.5%;
specifically, the annealing treatment temperature of the aluminum alloy round monofilaments in the step 6) is 290 ℃, and the annealing time is 7 hours.
The electric conductivity of the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable prepared by the scheme is 62.3 percent IACS (20 ℃), the room-temperature tensile strength is 136.8MPa, the elongation is 20.8 percent, and the ratio of the compressive creep quantity of the aluminum alloy to the compressive creep quantity of pure copper under the same test conditions (90 MPa,120 ℃ and 100 h) is 148.8 percent.
The essential technical matters not described in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 2 or are the prior art.
Example 5
An aluminum alloy conductor material for a power cable comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable comprises the following steps:
1) Smelting and alloying: melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot with the purity equal to 99.7 percent (mass percent) at 740 ℃ and then adding the molten industrial pure aluminum ingot into a master alloy;
2) Refining: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid prepared in the step 1) at 720 ℃, introducing high-purity nitrogen (the purity is 99.99%) and a refining agent into the bottom of the aluminum alloy liquid, stirring for 10min after 15min of aeration, and standing for 20min for slag removal;
3) And (5) filtering and casting: the aluminum alloy liquid prepared in the step 2) is filtered and mixed by two stages of SiC ceramic filter screens at 720 ℃ and then is cast into a red copper mold to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
4) Rolling: continuously rolling the aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared in the step 3) into an aluminum alloy round rod with the diameter of 9.5mm by a rolling mill;
5) And (3) wiredrawing: drawing the aluminum alloy round rod prepared in the step 4) into aluminum alloy round monofilaments with the diameter of 2.5mm in multiple passes;
6) Annealing: and 5) annealing the aluminum alloy round monofilaments prepared in the step 5) in a box-type heat treatment furnace, and cooling the aluminum alloy round monofilaments to room temperature along with the furnace after the annealing treatment is finished, so as to finally prepare the aluminum alloy round monofilaments with the diameter of 2.5 mm.
Specifically, the addition sequence of the intermediate alloy in the step 1) is as follows: adding an Al-B intermediate alloy at 720 ℃, carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-B intermediate alloy is completely melted, wherein each stirring time is 10min, the total stirring time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; after the boronization is finished and the standing is carried out for 30min, adding Al-Fe intermediate alloy at 720 ℃, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-Fe intermediate alloy is completely melted, wherein each stirring time is 10min, the total time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; then adding Al-Zr and Al-Sc intermediate alloy at 710 ℃ simultaneously, and using a stirrer to carry out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein each stirring time is 10min, the total time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; finally, standing the prepared aluminum alloy liquid for 30min;
specifically, the addition amount of the refining agent in the step 2) is 0.25% of the total amount of the furnace burden.
Specifically, in the step 3), the porosity of the SiC ceramic filter screen is 75%, and the mesh size is 70 mesh; the preheating temperature of the red copper material die is 230 ℃, and the preheating time is 3 hours; the size of the prepared aluminum alloy cast ingot is phi 25mm multiplied by 450mm.
Specifically, the aluminum alloy cast ingot in the step 4) is subjected to heat treatment at 500 ℃ for 3 hours before being rolled.
Specifically, the phi 9.5mm aluminum alloy round rod in the step 5) is drawn by adopting a polycrystalline diamond wire drawing die, the wire drawing speed is 7m/s, the wire drawing temperature is 35 ℃, and the deformation is 5.5%;
specifically, the annealing treatment temperature of the aluminum alloy round monofilaments in the step 6) is 290 ℃, and the annealing time is 7 hours.
The electric conductivity of the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable prepared by the scheme is 62.2% IACS (20 ℃), the room-temperature tensile strength is 138.0MPa, the elongation is 21.0%, and the ratio of the compressive creep of the aluminum alloy to the compressive creep of pure copper under the same test conditions (90 MPa,120 ℃ and 100 h) is 147.5%.
The essential technical matters not described in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 2 or are the prior art.
Example 6
An aluminum alloy conductor material for a power cable comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable comprises the following steps:
1) Smelting and alloying: melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot with the purity equal to 99.7 percent (mass percent) at 738 ℃ and then adding the melted industrial pure aluminum ingot into a master alloy;
2) Refining: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid prepared in the step 1) to 725 ℃, introducing high-purity nitrogen (the purity is 99.99%) and a refining agent into the bottom of the aluminum alloy liquid, stirring for 10min after 15min of aeration, and standing for 20min for slag removal;
3) And (5) filtering and casting: the aluminum alloy liquid prepared in the step 2) is filtered and mixed by two stages of SiC ceramic filter screens at 715 ℃ and then is cast into a red copper mold to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot;
4) Rolling: continuously rolling the aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared in the step 3) into an aluminum alloy round rod with the diameter of 9.5mm by a rolling mill;
5) And (3) wiredrawing: drawing the aluminum alloy round rod prepared in the step 4) into aluminum alloy round monofilaments with the diameter of 2.5mm in multiple passes;
6) Annealing: and 5) annealing the aluminum alloy round monofilaments prepared in the step 5) in a box-type heat treatment furnace, and cooling the aluminum alloy round monofilaments to room temperature along with the furnace after the annealing treatment is finished, so as to finally prepare the aluminum alloy round monofilaments with the diameter of 2.5 mm.
Specifically, the addition sequence of the intermediate alloy in the step 1) is as follows: adding an Al-B intermediate alloy at 725 ℃, carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-B intermediate alloy is completely melted, wherein each stirring time is 10min, the total time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; after the boration treatment is finished and the standing is carried out for 30min, adding an Al-Fe intermediate alloy at 725 ℃, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid after the Al-Fe intermediate alloy is completely melted, wherein each stirring time is 10min, the total time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; then adding Al-Zr and Al-Sc intermediate alloy at 715 ℃ simultaneously, and using a stirrer to carry out electromagnetic stirring on the aluminum alloy liquid, wherein each stirring time is 10min, the total time is 3 times, and the interval between the two times is 10min; finally, standing the prepared aluminum alloy liquid for 30min;
specifically, the addition amount of the refining agent in the step 2) is 0.23% of the total amount of the furnace burden.
Specifically, in the step 3), the porosity of the SiC ceramic filter screen is 75%, and the mesh size is 70 mesh; the preheating temperature of the red copper material die is 245 ℃, and the preheating time is 3 hours; the size of the prepared aluminum alloy cast ingot is phi 25mm multiplied by 450mm.
Specifically, the aluminum alloy cast ingot in the step 4) is subjected to heat treatment at 510 ℃ for 3 hours before being rolled.
Specifically, the phi 9.5mm aluminum alloy round rod in the step 5) is drawn by adopting a polycrystalline diamond wire drawing die, the wire drawing speed is 8m/s, the wire drawing temperature is 35 ℃, and the deformation is 6%;
specifically, the annealing treatment temperature of the aluminum alloy round monofilaments in the step 6) is 300 ℃, and the annealing time is 8 hours.
The electric conductivity of the aluminum alloy conductor material for the power cable prepared by the scheme is 62.0% IACS (20 ℃), the room-temperature tensile strength is 140.1MPa, the elongation is 21.5%, and the ratio of the compressive creep of the aluminum alloy to the compressive creep of pure copper under the same test conditions (90 MPa,120 ℃ and 100 h) is 146.6%.
The essential technical matters not described in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 2 or are the prior art.
The composition of the aluminum alloy conductor material for power cables prepared according to each of the above examples is shown in table 1, and the performance test results of the aluminum alloy conductor material for power cables prepared according to the above examples are shown in table 2.
Table 1 shows the composition (wt%) of the aluminum alloy conductor material prepared in examples
| Group of | B | Si | Fe | Zr | Sc | Cr+Mn+V+Ti |
| Example 2 | 0.005 | 0.033 | 0.4 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.005 |
| Example 3 | 0.01 | 0.035 | 0.45 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.006 |
| Example 4 | 0.012 | 0.038 | 0.43 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.006 |
| Example 5 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.42 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.006 |
| Example 6 | 0.015 | 0.04 | 0.5 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.006 |
Table 2 results of performance test of aluminum alloy conductor materials prepared in examples
As can be seen from Table 2, the aluminum alloy material for the power cable conductor has obvious advantages in comprehensive performance, particularly in that the conductivity is more than or equal to 62.0% IACS (20 ℃), the room-temperature tensile strength is more than or equal to 135.0MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 20.0%, and the compressive creep amount of the aluminum alloy material under the same test conditions (90 MPa,120 ℃ and 100 h) is not more than 150.0% of that of pure copper.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, but rather as enabling any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like which comes within the spirit and principles of the present invention, are included within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An aluminum alloy conductor material, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
b:0.005% -0.015%, si:0.005% -0.04%, fe:0.4% -0.5%, zr:0.03 to 0.05 percent of Sc:0.05 to 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 0.006 percent of (Cr+Mn+V+Ti), and the balance of aluminum and other unavoidable trace impurities.
2. An aluminum alloy conductor material as in claim 1 wherein the aluminum alloy conductor material includes dispersed Al3Fe, al3Zr, al3Sc second phase and AlZrSc nano-sized composite particles.
3. A method for producing an aluminum alloy conductor material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
smelting:
at 710-730 ℃, adding into melted industrial pure aluminum ingot melt:
adding Al-B intermediate alloy to carry out boride treatment, wherein the content of B element is controlled to be 0.005-0.015 percent by weight percent;
after standing treatment, adding Al-Fe intermediate alloy, controlling the content of Fe element to be 0.4-0.5% by weight percent, and preserving heat and stirring after melting; adding Al-Zr intermediate alloy and Al-Sc intermediate alloy, controlling the content of Zr element to be 0.03-0.05% by weight percent, controlling the content of Sc element to be 0.05-0.1% by weight percent, and preserving heat and stirring after melting;
mixing and stirring after the intermediate alloy is completely melted to obtain melted aluminum alloy liquid;
refining:
introducing high-purity argon and a refining agent from the bottom of the smelted aluminum alloy liquid at 710-730 ℃ for refining, and controlling (Cr+Mn+V+Ti) to be less than or equal to 0.006% by weight percent to obtain refined aluminum alloy liquid;
and (5) filtering and casting:
and filtering and impurity removing the refined aluminum alloy liquid at 710-730 ℃ through a ceramic filter screen, casting the refined aluminum alloy liquid into a preheated mold, and cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
4. The method for preparing an aluminum alloy conductor material according to claim 3, wherein the mass percentage of Al content in the industrial pure aluminum ingot is more than or equal to 99.7%.
5. A method for producing an aluminum alloy conductor material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the B content of the Al-B master alloy is 2 mass%.
6. A method for producing an aluminum alloy conductor material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the al—fe intermediate alloy has an Fe content of 10 mass%.
7. A method for producing an aluminum alloy conductor material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the al—zr intermediate alloy has a Zr content of 2% by mass.
8. A method of producing an aluminum alloy conductor material as claimed in claim 3 wherein the Sc content of the Al-Sc master alloy is 2 mass%.
9. A method of producing an aluminum alloy conductor material as claimed in claim 3 wherein the mixing and stirring include electromagnetic stirring.
10. An aluminum alloy wiredrawing method for preparing aluminum alloy monofilaments, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
an aluminum alloy cast ingot according to the claims 1-2 or an aluminum alloy cast ingot prepared by the aluminum alloy preparation method according to any one of the claims 3-9 is subjected to homogenization treatment at 490-510 ℃ for 2-3 hours, and then is continuously rolled into an aluminum alloy round rod by a rolling mill;
drawing the aluminum alloy round rod on a drawing machine at a speed of 6-8 m/s, wherein the drawing temperature is 30-40 ℃, the deformation is 5-6%, and drawing for multiple times by adopting a polycrystalline diamond drawing die to obtain drawn aluminum alloy monofilaments;
and aging the drawn aluminum alloy monofilament in a box-type heat treatment furnace to obtain the aluminum alloy monofilament.
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