CN111349820B - High-conductivity heat-resistant Al-Zr-Er alloy wire material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-conductivity heat-resistant Al-Zr-Er alloy wire material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-conductivity heat-resistant Al-Zr-Er alloy lead material, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.02-0.15% of Zr, 0.01-0.2% of Er, 0.01-0.04% of B, less than or equal to 0.20% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05% of Si, (V + Ti + Cr + Mn) less than or equal to 0.01% and the balance of aluminum. The Zr element is added into the alloy, and simultaneously, the trace rare earth Er element is added to modify the alloy and optimize and adjust the content of the alloy element, so that the mechanical property of the alloy is ensured, the electric conductivity is improved, the electric conductivity of the prepared heat-resistant aluminum alloy monofilament material is not less than 61.5 percent IACS, the tensile strength is not less than 160MPa, the elongation is more than 3.5 percent, the heat-resistant temperature is not less than 150 ℃, and the strength residual rate is more than 90 percent after the heat-resistant aluminum alloy monofilament material is heated for 1 hour at 230 ℃.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a high-conductivity heat-resistant Al-Zr-Er alloy wire material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor is a special expansion conductor with good performance, the large-capacity heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor is adopted for expansion transformation of the existing line, and under the principle that the pole tower is not replaced as much as possible, the transmission capacity of the line can be improved, and the overall construction cost of a project can be reduced. The conductivity of the existing heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire with the heat-resistant temperature of 150 ℃ is only 60% IACS, and the requirements of long-distance and large-capacity transmission line construction engineering and power grid capacity expansion transformation engineering are difficult to meet. With the rapid development of economy, the power demand is rising year by year, and the urgency is increasingly shown in the problems of how to improve the transmission efficiency, reduce the line loss and the like. And increasing the conductivity of the conductor is the most effective way to reduce transmission losses. The high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire can stably work at a higher operation temperature, allows the borne current to be larger, can improve the safety and stability of line operation, can reduce the construction and maintenance cost, prolongs the service life of a power transmission line, saves line corridor resources, can reduce carbon emission, and has remarkable economic and social benefits. In the urban network line capacity expansion transformation project, particularly in the narrow area of a line corridor, the high-conductivity heat-resistant lead with similar section specification is used for replacing the in-service lead, the transmission capacity can be improved by 40-60%, the requirements of strength and lead on ground sag safety can be met without replacing an iron tower, and the project investment can be greatly saved.
For the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire, the difficulty of the technical barrier for improving the conductivity by 1 percent on the existing basis is very high. The industrial application of 60% heat-resistant aluminum wire has been achieved in japan as early as 1970, but the engineering application of 61% IACS using heat-resistant aluminum wire with a temperature of 150 ℃ has not been completely broken through until 2010. The conductivity of the heat-resistant aluminum wire with the market occupancy rate of 70 percent of the Japanese power transmission line is still 60 percent IACS. And the process of improving the conductivity of the common duralumin wire from 60% IACS to 61% IACS in China takes decades. The Shanghai Cable research institute Huang Chong Qi Yard makes outstanding contribution to improving the conductivity of the aluminum conductor for electricians and the aluminum conductor for rare earth electricians in China, solving the problem of wide domestic material sources and achieving industrial stable production. For Al-Zr heat-resistant aluminum wire, the electric conductivity limit is 62% IACS under the limit annealing condition of 1000 h. The heat-resistant aluminum conductor in China is in the conductivity level of 58% IACS for a long time within 20 years, so that the line loss is increased, and the comprehensive economic benefit is poor. Therefore, under the condition of lower cost, the electric conductivity is larger than 61% IACS, the technical difficulty of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire with the use temperature of 150 ℃ is higher, the economic and social benefits brought by the improvement of the electric conductivity are huge, and the method meets the expectation of people in the prior art for accelerating the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly smart power grid.
Patent 201010106186.0 discloses a high-conductivity non-heat-treatment type rare earth heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.03 to 0.06 percent of Zr, 0.05 to 0.20 percent of Er, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Y, 0.05 to 0.12 percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Ti0.01 to 0.03 percent of impurity element Si, less than or equal to 0.06 percent of other impurity content, and the balance of aluminum. It is added with various rare earth elements and has the conductivity of only 60% IACS. Patent 201010593503.6 provides a high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Zr, 0.02 to 0.2 percent of Y, 0.01 to 0.15 percent of Sc, and the balance of Al and inevitable other impurity elements, and the electric conductivity after annealing is 61 percent IACS. However, the alloy disclosed by the patent is usually added with multi-component rare earth elements such as Er and Y and a noble metal element Sc, so that the preparation process of the ingot is complex, the heat treatment and preparation processes are difficult to control, the cost of the alloy is high, and the alloy is not suitable for industrial large-scale popularization and application.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide an alloy conductor suitable for industrial mass popularization, which can ensure a high current-carrying capacity, improve the conductivity of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy, and reduce the loss of a power transmission line.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the high-conductivity heat-resistant Al-Zr-Er alloy conductor material and the preparation method thereof, the Zr and the Er are added compositely, the contents of Fe and Si elements are reasonably controlled, the content of impurity elements is accurately controlled, and the reasonable processing and preparation process is combined to obtain the high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material with the heat-resistant temperature of 150 ℃ and the conductivity of more than or equal to 61.5 percent IACS.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
the improvement of a high-conductivity heat-resistant Al-Zr-Er alloy wire material is that the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.02-0.15% of zirconium Zr, 0.01-0.2% of erbium Er, 0.01-0.04% of boron B, less than or equal to 0.20% of ferrum Fe, less than or equal to 0.05% of silicon Si, (vanadium V + titanium Ti + chromium Cr + manganese Mn) less than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance of aluminum.
Preferably, the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.02-0.1% of zirconium Zr, 0.01-0.15% of erbium Er, 0.01-0.04% of boron B, less than or equal to 0.15% of ferrum Fe, less than or equal to 0.04% of silicon Si, (vanadium V + titanium Ti + chromium Cr + manganese Mn) less than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance of aluminum.
Preferably, the alloy consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.02-0.08% of zirconium Zr, 0.05-0.15% of erbium Er, 0.01-0.04% of boron B, less than or equal to 0.13% of ferrum Fe, less than or equal to 0.04% of silicon Si, (vanadium V + titanium Ti + chromium Cr + manganese Mn) less than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance of aluminum.
Preferably, the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zirconium Zr 0.06%, erbium Er 0.1%, boron B0.02%, ferrum 0.1%, silicon 0.04%, vanadium V + titanium Ti + chromium Cr + manganese Mn 0.01%, and the balance of aluminum.
In a method of making a high conductivity, heat resistant Al-Zr-Er alloy wire material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the improvement comprising the steps of:
(1) adding Al-B intermediate alloy into the aluminum ingot melt at the temperature of 660-750 ℃, stirring for 5-60min, standing for 30-300min, and then carrying out converter;
(2) adding an aluminum-zirconium and aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy into the melt obtained in the step 1), and stirring for 5-15 min;
(3) adding a refining agent into the melt obtained in the step 2), refining for 10-30min, and slagging off;
(4) keeping the temperature and standing for 30-300min after slagging off, and performing online degassing and deslagging treatment;
(5) continuously casting by adopting a water-cooling copper continuous casting wheel method;
(6) rolling the casting blank obtained in the step 5) into a round rod with the diameter of 9.5 mm;
(7) heating the round rod in the step 6) from room temperature to 200-350 ℃, and preserving heat for 3-10 h; then raising the temperature to 350-450 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5-30 h;
(8) and 4-10 times of wire drawing are carried out on the aluminum alloy round rod obtained in the step 7) to obtain the aluminum alloy monofilament.
Preferably, the adding amount of the refining agent in the step 3) is 0.1-0.5% of the total mass of the aluminum ingot melt.
Preferably, the casting temperature of the aluminum liquid in the continuous casting process in the step 5) is 650-730 ℃, and the cooling rate of the cast ingot is 1-50 ℃/s.
Preferably, the rolling start temperature in the step 6) is 500-580 ℃, and the rolling end temperature is 250-400 ℃.
Preferably, the diameter of the aluminum alloy monofilament in the step 8) is 4mm, the electric conductivity is more than or equal to 61.5% IACS, the long-term heat-resistant temperature reaches 150 ℃, and the short-term heat-resistant temperature reaches 230 ℃.
The action and mechanism of each alloy element are as follows:
b, boron B: among the many factors, the chemical composition is the most basic factor affecting the conductivity of the aluminum conductor, so reducing the effect of impurity elements on the conductivity is a key factor in improving the conductivity of the aluminum conductor. If the impurity element exists in a solid solution state, the influence on the electrical conductivity is larger. The boronizing treatment is an effective method for reducing the impurity content, namely, after a certain amount of B element is added into the aluminum alloy, the B element can react with the transition group impurity elements such as Cr, Mn, V, Ti and the like to enable the B element to be converted from a solid solution state to a compound state and to be deposited at the bottom of a melt, so that the conductivity of the aluminum alloy is improved.
Zirconium Zr: the addition of a proper amount of zirconium can obviously improve the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy, mainly because the atomic radius of zirconium is slightly larger than that of aluminum, zirconium diffuses in aluminum in a replacement mode, the diffusion activation energy is high, and fine Al is precipitated to the boundary of a sub-crystal grain3The Zr phase is not easy to aggregate and grow up, has high stability, can prevent recrystallization, can effectively pin dislocation and crystal boundary at higher temperature, and block deformation, intragranular and crystal boundary slippage, so that creep resistance is improved, and the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy is improved. After heat treatment, Zr can react with Al and Sc to generate Al3(Sc, Zr) to improve the comprehensive performance of the alloy.
Erbium Er: in the early stage of solidification, Er directly forms Al in molten aluminum3Er phase, Al3The Er particles can become nucleation cores of the alpha-Al or can grow into coarse primary Al3The Er phase inhibits the growth of crystal grains and promotes the formation of a dendritic structure. Er can form a solid solution with a certain supersaturation degree in Al, and is separated out from a matrix after proper heat treatment to form secondary Al3Er particles are fine and dispersed, can effectively pin dislocation and subboundary, and improve the strength and the re-growth of the alloyThe crystallization temperature.
Silicon Si: silicon is one of main impurity elements in industrial aluminum, and Si can react with elements such as Fe, Re and the like to generate a second phase, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved.
Fe: aluminum contains a certain amount of iron, which is a major impurity in industrial aluminum. Iron is detrimental to the mechanical properties of cast aluminum because it usually appears as coarse primary crystals or as aluminum-iron-silicon compounds, which increase the hardness of aluminum to some extent but reduce the plasticity of aluminum. Studies have shown that iron can increase the strength of aluminum conductors without significantly reducing their electrical conductivity. However, it is also known that in actual production, the resistivity of the aluminum conductor is significantly increased due to the high Fe content, so that care should be taken to control the Fe content.
V, Mn, Cr, Ti: the elements are impurity elements in the alloy, and have great influence on the conductivity of the aluminum alloy. When impurity elements such as Ti, V, Mn, and Cr in the aluminum conductor exist in a solid solution state, free electrons in the conductor material are easily absorbed and the incomplete electron layer is filled. This reduction in the number of conduction electrons results in a reduction in the conductivity of the aluminum conductor. Studies have shown that the detrimental effect per 1% (Cr + Ti + Mn + V) is 5 times the detrimental effect per 1% silicon on the conductivity of aluminium. It can be seen that strict control of the contents of these elements has important practical significance for ensuring the quality of aluminum conductors.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention comprehensively considers the influence effect of the content of each element on the performance and regulates and controls the proportion of each element. The influence of B, Zr coexistence on alloy components, impurity content and performance is effectively solved, the Zr and Er elements are added in a compounding manner, the content of the Zr and Er elements in the microalloy is reduced as far as possible under the condition of ensuring the heat resistance of the conductor material, so that the conductivity of the material is improved, the cost is saved, meanwhile, the content of the B element remained in the aluminum water after the boronization treatment and the content of the V, Ti, Cr, Mn and other impurity elements in the furnace water are accurately controlled, and the components and the impurity content of the alloy melt meet the design requirements of the alloy.
2. The invention adopts a water-cooling copper continuous casting wheel rapid continuous casting mode in the casting process, and increases the solid solubility of the rare earth micro-alloy element Er in the aluminum matrix by improving the cooling rate of the ingot during solidification, thereby improving the precipitation driving force of the heat-resistant dispersed phase in the later heat treatment process and effectively solving the technical bottleneck of lower solid solubility of the Er element in the aluminum matrix.
3. The invention adopts a multi-stage annealing heat treatment process. According to the characteristics of Zr and rare earth element composite micro-alloying, the heat-resistant phase Al which is compositely precipitated is promoted by a multi-stage heating mode3The precipitation of (Er, Zr) promotes the formation of a large amount of nano-scale heat-resistant phase particles which are dispersed and distributed in the matrix, and the strength and the heat resistance of the aluminum conductor are improved under the condition of not reducing the conductivity of the aluminum conductor to the maximum extent.
4. The invention has simple alloy components, does not need to add multi-element composite rare earth elements and noble metal elements such as Sc, Ag and the like, so the produced aluminum alloy wire has the advantages of simple casting process, simple wire preparation process, low cost and the like, and can be widely used for high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum alloy wires for electric power engineering and automobile light weight.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
The method is characterized in that an industrial pure aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.7 percent (Fe is less than or equal to 0.15 percent and Si is less than or equal to 0.05 percent) is used as a raw material, the industrial pure aluminum is firstly put into a smelting furnace to be melted, alloy liquid is kept at the temperature of 750 ℃, and an aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is added for carrying out boronization treatment. Standing the aluminum water after boronization, carrying out converter on the aluminum water, and then adding an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy for alloying, wherein the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.05 percent of Zr; 0.1% of Er; 0.02 percent of B; 0.128% of Fe; 0.032% of Si; 0.01 percent of (V + Ti + Cr + Mn); the balance being aluminum. After the intermediate alloy is melted, cooling the alloy melt to 730 ℃, preserving the heat, and sequentially stirring, refining, slagging off and standing, wherein the casting temperature is 690 ℃. The heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material is obtained by continuous casting and rolling, and the cooling rate of the cast ingot is 10 ℃/s. The rolling temperature of the casting blank is 530 ℃, the finishing temperature is 350 ℃, and phi 9.5 aluminum rods are rolled. And (3) carrying out two-stage annealing heat treatment on the aluminum rod, heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, and cooling in air. And (3) performing cold drawing on the material, and preparing the 4mm aluminum alloy wire material through drawing for 7 times.
Example 2
The method is characterized in that an industrial pure aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.7 percent (Fe is less than or equal to 0.15 percent and Si is less than or equal to 0.05 percent) is used as a raw material, the industrial pure aluminum is firstly put into a smelting furnace to be melted, alloy liquid is kept at 760 ℃, and aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is added for boronization treatment. Standing the aluminum water after boronization, carrying out converter on the aluminum water, and then adding an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy for alloying, wherein the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.08 percent of Zr; 0.1% of Er; b0.038%; 0.13 percent of Fe; 0.038% of Si; 0.008 percent of (V + Ti + Cr + Mn); the balance being aluminum. After the intermediate alloy is melted, cooling the alloy melt to 730 ℃, preserving the heat, and sequentially stirring, refining, slagging off and standing, wherein the casting temperature is 720 ℃. The heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material is obtained by continuous casting and rolling, and the cooling rate of the cast ingot is 10 ℃/s. The rolling temperature of the casting blank is 540 ℃, the finishing temperature is 350 ℃, and phi 9.5 aluminum rods are rolled. And (3) carrying out two-stage annealing heat treatment on the aluminum rod, heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, and cooling in air. And (3) performing cold drawing on the material, and preparing the 4mm aluminum alloy wire material through 9-pass drawing.
Example 3
The method is characterized in that an industrial pure aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.7 percent (Fe is less than or equal to 0.15 percent and Si is less than or equal to 0.05 percent) is used as a raw material, the industrial pure aluminum is firstly put into a smelting furnace to be melted, alloy liquid is kept at 755 ℃ for heat preservation, and an aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is added for boronization treatment. Standing the aluminum water after boronization, carrying out converter on the aluminum water, and then adding an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy for alloying, wherein the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.05 percent of Zr; 0.15 percent of Er; b0.032%; 0.125 percent of Fe; 0.04 percent of Si; 0.005 percent of (V + Ti + Cr + Mn); the balance being aluminum. After the intermediate alloy is melted, cooling the alloy melt to 730 ℃, preserving the heat, and sequentially stirring, refining, slagging off and standing, wherein the casting temperature is 700 ℃. The heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material is obtained by continuous casting and rolling, and the cooling rate of the cast ingot is 10 ℃/s. The rolling temperature of the casting blank is 535 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 350 ℃, and phi 9.5 aluminum rods are rolled. And (3) carrying out two-stage annealing heat treatment on the aluminum rod, heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, and cooling in air. And (3) performing cold drawing on the material, and preparing the 4mm aluminum alloy wire material through 8-pass drawing.
Example 4
The method is characterized in that an industrial pure aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.7 percent (Fe is less than or equal to 0.15 percent and Si is less than or equal to 0.05 percent) is used as a raw material, the industrial pure aluminum is firstly put into a smelting furnace to be melted, alloy liquid is kept at the temperature of 750 ℃, and an aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is added for carrying out boronization treatment. Standing the aluminum water after boronization, carrying out converter on the aluminum water, and then adding an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy for alloying, wherein the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.08 percent of Zr; 0.05 percent of Er; b0.035%; 0.128% of Fe; 0.03 percent of Si; 0.009 percent of (V + Ti + Cr + Mn); the balance being aluminum. After the intermediate alloy is melted, cooling the alloy melt to 730 ℃, preserving the heat, and sequentially stirring, refining, slagging off and standing, wherein the casting temperature is 710 ℃. The heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material is obtained by continuous casting and rolling, and the cooling rate of the cast ingot is 10 ℃/s. The rolling temperature of the casting blank is 540 ℃, the finishing temperature is 350 ℃, and phi 9.5 aluminum rods are rolled. And (3) carrying out two-stage annealing heat treatment on the aluminum rod, heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, and cooling in air. And (3) performing cold drawing on the material, and preparing the 4mm aluminum alloy wire material through 9-pass drawing.
Example 5
The method is characterized in that an industrial pure aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.7 percent (Fe is less than or equal to 0.15 percent and Si is less than or equal to 0.05 percent) is used as a raw material, the industrial pure aluminum is firstly put into a smelting furnace to be melted, alloy liquid is kept at 760 ℃, and aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is added for boronization treatment. Standing the aluminum water after boronization, carrying out converter on the aluminum water, and then adding an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy for alloying, wherein the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.06 percent of Zr; 0.1% of Er; 0.04 percent of B; 0.121 percent of Fe; 0.028% of Si; 0.007% of (V + Ti + Cr + Mn); the balance being aluminum. After the intermediate alloy is melted, cooling the alloy melt to 730 ℃, preserving the heat, and sequentially stirring, refining, slagging off and standing, wherein the casting temperature is 720 ℃. The heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material is obtained by continuous casting and rolling, and the cooling rate of the cast ingot is 10 ℃/s. The rolling temperature of the casting blank is 530 ℃, the finishing temperature is 350 ℃, and phi 9.5 aluminum rods are rolled. And (3) carrying out two-stage annealing heat treatment on the aluminum rod, heating to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, heating to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, and cooling in air. And (3) performing cold drawing on the material, and preparing the 4mm aluminum alloy wire material through 8-pass drawing.
Comparative example 1
The method is characterized in that an industrial pure aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.7 percent (Fe is less than or equal to 0.15 percent and Si is less than or equal to 0.05 percent) is used as a raw material, the industrial pure aluminum is firstly put into a smelting furnace to be melted, alloy liquid is kept at the temperature of 750 ℃, and an aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is added for carrying out boronization treatment. Standing the aluminum water after boronization, carrying out converter on the aluminum water, and then adding an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy for alloying, wherein the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.2 percent of Zr; 0.1% of Er; 0.03 percent of B; 0.12 percent of Fe; 0.036% of Si; 0.01 percent of (V + Ti + Cr + Mn); the balance being aluminum. After the intermediate alloy is melted, cooling the alloy melt to 730 ℃, preserving the heat, and sequentially stirring, refining, slagging off and standing, wherein the casting temperature is 700 ℃. The heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material is obtained by continuous casting and rolling, and the cooling rate of the cast ingot is 10 ℃/s. The rolling temperature of the casting blank is 535 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 350 ℃, and phi 9.5 aluminum rods are rolled. And (3) annealing the aluminum rod, heating to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, and cooling in air. And (3) performing cold drawing on the material, and preparing the 4mm aluminum alloy wire material through drawing for 7 times.
Comparative example 2
The method is characterized in that an industrial pure aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.7 percent (Fe is less than or equal to 0.15 percent and Si is less than or equal to 0.05 percent) is used as a raw material, the industrial pure aluminum is firstly put into a smelting furnace to be melted, alloy liquid is kept at 760 ℃, and aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is added for boronization treatment. Standing the aluminum water after boronization, carrying out converter on the aluminum water, and then adding an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy for alloying, wherein the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.15 percent of Zr; 0.1% of Er; b0.033%; 0.123% of Fe; 0.033% of Si; 0.043 percent of (V + Ti + Cr + Mn); the balance being aluminum. After the intermediate alloy is melted, cooling the alloy melt to 730 ℃, preserving the heat, and sequentially stirring, refining, slagging off and standing, wherein the casting temperature is 690 ℃. The heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material is obtained by continuous casting and rolling, and the cooling rate of the cast ingot is 10 ℃/s. The rolling temperature of the casting blank is 530 ℃, the finishing temperature is 350 ℃, and phi 9.5 aluminum rods are rolled. And (3) annealing the aluminum rod, heating to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, and cooling in air. And (3) performing cold drawing on the material, and preparing the 4mm aluminum alloy wire material through 9-pass drawing.
Comparative example 3
The method is characterized in that an industrial pure aluminum ingot with the purity of more than 99.7 percent (Fe is less than or equal to 0.15 percent and Si is less than or equal to 0.05 percent) is used as a raw material, the industrial pure aluminum is firstly put into a smelting furnace to be melted, alloy liquid is kept at 755 ℃ for heat preservation, and an aluminum-boron intermediate alloy is added for boronization treatment. Standing the aluminum water after boronization, carrying out converter on the aluminum water, and then adding an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy for alloying, wherein the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.02 percent of Zr; 0.03% of Er; b0.031%; 0.13 percent of Fe; si 0.04% (V + Ti + Cr + Mn) 0.009%; the balance being aluminum. After the intermediate alloy is melted, cooling the alloy melt to 730 ℃, preserving the heat, and sequentially stirring, refining, slagging off and standing, wherein the casting temperature is 710 ℃. The heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor material is obtained by continuous casting and rolling, and the cooling rate of the cast ingot is 10 ℃/s. The rolling temperature of the casting blank is 540 ℃, the finishing temperature is 350 ℃, and phi 9.5 aluminum rods are rolled. And (3) annealing the aluminum rod, heating to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, and cooling in air. And (3) performing cold drawing on the material, and preparing the 4mm aluminum alloy wire material through 8-pass drawing.
Table 1 shows the results of the wire performance tests of examples 1-5 and comparative examples. The nanometer second phase is distributed on the base body of the alloy material, compared with the solid solution state, the influence of the existing microalloying elements in the form on the conductivity of the alloy is much smaller, and the heat resistance of the material can be greatly improved. When the Zr element is less than 0.02 Wt%, the conductor material does not reach the heat-resistant use temperature of the use temperature of 150 ℃, and when the Zr element is added to be more than 0.15 Wt%, the conductivity of the conductor material is sharply reduced. Meanwhile, the conductivity of the conductor material is also reduced by increasing the total amount of the impurity elements V + Ti + Cr + Mn.
TABLE 1 alloy compositions (Wt%)
TABLE 2 tables of properties of monofilaments obtained in examples of the invention and comparative examples
As shown in the above table, the elongation of the high-conductivity heat-resistant monofilament provided by the invention is more than or equal to 3.5%, the electric conductivity is more than or equal to 61.5% IACS, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 160MPa, and the strength residual rate after heat preservation for 1h at 230 ℃ is more than or equal to 90%, which indicates that the high-conductivity heat-resistant monofilament provided by the invention can meet the requirement of long-term operation at 150 ℃.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The high-conductivity heat-resistant Al-Zr-Er alloy wire material is characterized in that the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.03-0.08% of zirconium Zr, 0.05-0.15% of erbium Er, 0.01-0.04% of boron B, 0.002-0.13% of ferrum Fe, 0.002-0.04% of silicon Si, (vanadium V + titanium Ti + chromium Cr + manganese Mn) is less than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance of aluminum;
the preparation method of the high-conductivity heat-resistant Al-Zr-Er alloy lead wire material comprises the following steps:
(1) adding Al-B intermediate alloy into the aluminum ingot melt at the temperature of 660-750 ℃, stirring for 5-60min, standing for 30-300min, and then carrying out converter;
(2) adding an aluminum-zirconium and aluminum-erbium intermediate alloy into the melt obtained in the step 1), and stirring for 5-15 min;
(3) adding a refining agent into the melt obtained in the step 2), refining for 10-30min, and slagging off;
(4) keeping the temperature and standing for 30-300min after slagging off, and performing online degassing and deslagging treatment;
(5) continuously casting by adopting a water-cooling copper continuous casting wheel method;
(6) rolling the casting blank obtained in the step 5) into a round rod with the diameter of 9.5 mm;
(7) heating the round rod in the step 6) from room temperature to 200-350 ℃, and preserving heat for 3-10 h; then raising the temperature to 350-450 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5-30 h;
(8) and 4-10 times of wire drawing are carried out on the aluminum alloy round rod obtained in the step 7) to obtain the aluminum alloy monofilament.
2. The high-conductivity heat-resistant Al-Zr-Er alloy wire material according to claim 1, wherein the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zirconium Zr 0.06%, erbium Er 0.1%, boron B0.02%, ferrum 0.1%, silicon 0.04%, vanadium V + titanium Ti + chromium Cr + manganese Mn 0.01%, and the balance of aluminum.
3. The high-conductivity heat-resistant Al-Zr-Er alloy wire material according to claim 1, wherein the refining agent is added in the step 3) in an amount of 0.1-0.5% by mass based on the total mass of the aluminum ingot melt.
4. The high-conductivity heat-resistant Al-Zr-Er alloy wire material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casting temperature of the aluminum liquid in the step 5) continuous casting process is 650-.
5. The Al-Zr-Er alloy wire material with high conductivity and heat resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rolling start temperature in step 6) is 500-580 ℃ and the rolling end temperature is 250-400 ℃.
6. The high-conductivity heat-resistant Al-Zr-Er alloy wire material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 8), the diameter of the aluminum alloy monofilament is 4mm, the conductivity is not less than 61.5% IACS, the long-term heat-resistant temperature reaches 150 ℃, and the short-term heat-resistant temperature reaches 230 ℃.
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| CN112391561A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-23 | 上海理工大学 | High-strength high-conductivity aluminum-based conductor and preparation method thereof |
| CN112646988A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-04-13 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum alloy rod |
| CN112853162A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-28 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | High-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN113373346A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-09-10 | 中铝材料应用研究院有限公司 | High-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum alloy conductor and preparation method thereof |
| CN113046583A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-29 | 山西一禾铝业科技新材料有限公司 | High-strength electric-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum alloy rod, preparation method and heat-resistant aluminum alloy cable |
| CN113234966A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-10 | 江苏中天科技股份有限公司 | Aluminum alloy material, aluminum alloy wire and preparation method thereof |
| CN114045418B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-03-17 | 湖南稀土金属材料研究院有限责任公司 | Aluminum alloy material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115522085A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-27 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司 | High-conductivity heat-resistant hard aluminum wire and preparation method thereof |
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