CN117362876A - 一种芳纶浆粕增强pvc-c矿井套管及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种芳纶浆粕增强pvc-c矿井套管及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/22—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种芳纶浆粕增强PVC‑C矿井套管及制备方法,涉及深井采矿套管技术领域,其中,芳纶浆粕增强PVC‑C矿井套管,原料按重量份计,包括下列组分:氯化聚氯乙烯100份、稳定剂5‑20份、表面活性剂5‑15份、芳纶浆粕10‑50份、增强增容剂10‑30份、抗冲击剂10‑30份、润滑剂0.5‑30份、加工助剂5‑40份;所述稳定剂包括稀土稳定剂和钙锌稳定剂;所述表面活性剂为硅偶联剂;所述增强增容剂为白炭黑、钛白粉、轻质碳酸钙中的一种或多种;所述抗冲击剂为橡胶类弹性体;所述润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡或石蜡中的一种或两种;所述加工助剂为ACR‑401或ACR‑ZB‑21中的一种或两种。本发明制备的矿井套管增加了套管的抗拉强力、密封及耐压性能和抗冲击强度,使其更加适应新的采矿工艺。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及深井采矿套管技术领域,特别提供了一种芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管及制备方法,使套管具备薄壁阻燃性能。
背景技术
采铀等湿法冶金和开采酸、碱、盐类深井护壁套管试验和生产中已使用过不同材质的套管,如PVC管、PE管、不锈钢管、玻璃钢管等,这些类型的套管都有成功应用的实例。由于各种矿产资源的地质、水文条件、矿体埋深等综合状况,全球大深度高温井采矿高水平新技术多趋向于用以PVC和PVC-C为主体材料的管材,目前深井液体采矿新工艺存在的需要解决的问题有:
1、采矿工艺改进需要轻薄高强力大内径的护井管:
目前较落后的固井工艺是正向浇注水泥封闭侧壁矿层,这种过程会产生混浆层,影响矿液品质效率;
为提高采矿质量、效率,我国技术攻关人员借鉴国外经验教训,采用逆向浇注法,即在套管内加压灌入水泥浆,由底部套管壁通孔向矿井壁与套管壁环形空间注浆封闭矿层的方法,以避免采集液混浆。需由套管底部预先开通足够量、孔径约10-20mm的通孔,使水泥浆在环形空间由井底开始向上逐层固结封闭,把混浆排挤到地面上来。这种新工艺需要套管具备如下性能:
a.在不增加外径条件下,减小壁厚,使得工作内径增大;然后开通底部管体足够量的内径、孔径约10-20mm的通孔,使灌入泥浆通过底部通孔进入套管与井壁间环隙向上挤压残液并填满达到固定效果,强度高壁厚小使得钻孔和灌浆作业便捷;
b.随着各种矿井深度增加最大深度达1500-2000米,这样深的底层虽有冷却系统但仍是地热的高温环境,因此要求深入矿层的护井管有足够的耐温性能,保证较高温度时正常工作,即管材要更耐高温。
2、大深度矿井超长度管体需要高强度较轻体材料,以减轻本体重量负荷;
3、管材耗资较大,目标减小护壁管厚度节约材料成本50元/每米井深:
同等功能条件下减小套管壁厚,保证壁厚6mm的套管抗拉强度等于壁厚15mm的套管抗拉强度。由成本计算可知,相同材质,200米深井、壁厚6mm比壁厚15mm节省材料成本1万元。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管及制备方法。
本发明是这样实现的,提供一种芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管,原料按重量份计,包括下列组分:氯化聚氯乙烯100份、稳定剂5-20份、表面活性剂5-15份、抗撕裂芳纶浆粕10-50份、增强增容剂10-30份、抗冲击剂10-30份、润滑剂0.5-30份、加工助剂5-40份;所述稳定剂包括稀土稳定剂和钙锌稳定剂;所述表面活性剂为硅偶联剂;所述增强增容剂为白炭黑、钛白粉、轻质碳酸钙中的一种或多种;所述抗冲击剂为橡胶类弹性体;所述润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡或石蜡中的一种或两种;所述加工助剂为ACR-401或ACR-ZB-21中的一种或两种。
优选的,所述钙锌稳定剂由钙盐、锌盐、润滑剂和抗氧剂为主要组分采用复合工艺而合成。
优选的,所述抗冲击剂包括氯化聚乙烯和丙烯酸胶类柔韧复合型抗冲击材料,所述丙烯酸胶类柔韧复合型抗冲击材料为抗冲击剂ACR-ZB-21、抗冲击剂MBS-LB-156、抗冲击剂LT-61中的一种。
本发明还提供一种芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)抗撕裂芳纶浆粕表面进行增粘处理:将抗撕裂芳纶浆粕与稳定剂混合,进行浸润、加热、搅拌;
2)将增粘后的抗撕裂芳纶浆粕与各其他原料称量好,进入生产线起点预混合,搅拌均匀;
3)均匀的粉料浸入高温融合段混合,物理凝聚成粘流态融合体;
4)高温粘流态融合体进入挤出段的预定规格模腔加压段,形成预设型管体结构,并渐次降温;
5)较高温的预设型管体通过冷却段进行定型;
6)按规定长度裁断;
7)检测,合格后得到成品。
优选的,所述步骤1)中,将抗撕裂芳纶浆粕与稳定剂混合,浸润2小时,加热温度为80℃,并且每间隔20分钟搅拌10分钟。
进一步优选,采用无机盐离子络合的方法,让芳纶浆粕短纤维与具有独特偶联作用的液体钙锌稳定剂中的钙离子与芳纶聚酰胺分子链上的酰胺键发生配位络合反应,从而打开分子链中的氢键及结晶性,增加芳纶微纤维表面粗糙度,增强与基材的粘合性。
进一步优选,所述步骤3)中,均匀的粉料浸入高温融合段混合,温度为165-180℃,融合时间为9分钟。
进一步优选,所述步骤4)中,预设型管体结构的渐次降温是从180℃逐渐降至30℃,冷却降温时间为25分钟。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益技术效果在于:
本发明的芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管及制备方法增加了套管的抗拉强力、密封及耐压性能和抗冲击强度,使其更加适应新的采矿工艺。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,下面结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提供了一种芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管,原料按重量份计,包括下列组分:氯化聚氯乙烯100份、稳定剂5-20份、表面活性剂5-15份、芳纶浆粕10-50份、增强增容剂10-30份、抗冲击剂10-30份、润滑剂0.5-30份、加工助剂5-40份。
其中,所述稳定剂包括稀土稳定剂和钙锌稳定剂;所述表面活性剂为硅偶联剂;所述增强增容剂为白炭黑、轻质碳酸钙、钛白粉中的一种或两种;所述抗冲击剂为橡胶类弹性体;所述润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡或石蜡中的一种或两种,所述加工助剂为ACR-401或ACR-ZB-21中的一种或两种。
上述材料具备以下优良性能:
一、主体材料
1、矿井套管材料主料氯化聚氯乙烯是由聚氯乙烯PVC-V树脂氯化而成:
由于聚氯乙烯链中引入了氯,氯含量由56.4%提高到63-69%;
1)随着氯含量的增加,使材料分子间的作用力增强,从而提高了树脂的软化温度和机械性能;PVC材料维卡软化温度80℃,PVC-C材料维卡软化温度110℃,可在95℃左右长期使用;
2)而且由于氯元素的进一步引入,管壁材料的极性增加,比聚氯乙烯更容易与极性(含酯、酮、芳香基团的)填料混合,起到更好的增强作用;
3)也由于具有阻燃性氯元素含量的增加,提高了护壁管的阻燃性;
4)本身具有防腐功能的聚氯乙烯由于氯含量的增加使材料分子间的作用力增强防酸碱等介质腐蚀、耐老化性能更加优异。
2、芳纶浆粕作为短纤维均相骨架材料极大地增加了管壁材料的柔韧性及抗冲击、抗劈裂强度。
1)芳纶是由聚酰胺连接的由芳香基组成的合成线性高分子。选用对位结构的芳纶1414浆粕级超短细纤维,经芳纶微纤维补强的管体强度高、尺寸稳定性好,耐高温、耐腐蚀、抗冲击性增加,收缩率小、耐磨性好。
2)芳纶在主体材料中起到补强作用取决于芳纶与主体材料的粘和性能。采用无机盐离子络合的方法,让芳纶浆粕短纤维与具有独特偶联作用的液体钙锌稳定剂中的钙离子与芳纶聚酰胺分子链上的酰胺键发生配位络合反应,从而打开了分子链中的氢键及结晶性,增加了芳纶微纤维表面粗糙度,则增强与基材的粘合性。
二、环保性优良稳定体系
1、选择环保性优良的稳定剂品种;
PVC-C制品必须使用热稳定防止高温融合时可能产生的降解裂解。
本发明采用无污染稀土稳定剂和具良好浸润性独特偶联作用的液态钙锌稳定剂并用。
2、稳定剂作用机理:具有较强吸附力的稀土化合物控制了双键结构的活性氯元素的游离作用延缓了氯化氢自动氧化连锁反应起到了热稳定作用。钙锌稳定剂由钙盐、锌盐、润滑剂、抗氧剂等为主要组分采用特殊复合工艺而合成。它不但可以取代铅镉盐类和有机锡类等有毒稳定剂,而且具有相当好的热稳定性、光稳定性和透明性及着色力。在PVC-C树脂制品中,加工性能好,热稳定作用相当于铅盐类稳定剂,是一种良好的无毒稳定剂。稀土与钙锌稳定剂适当配合,其独特的协同作用,极大地提高热稳定性。
三、活性补强材料
1、多功能表面活性剂:
硅偶联剂作为增进芳纶短纤维与PVC-C的增粘活性剂的同时,附着在芳纶短纤维上混合在PVC-C及较大量的轻质碳酸钙粉料中,改善了无机材料碳酸钙(CaCO3)在PVC-C中的分散性,以及保护PVC-C制品在水中浸泡时免受侵蚀,提高耐电性,降低损耗因素。
2.优选的补强填充剂
PVC-C塑料型材生产优选超细轻质活化碳酸钙、不仅起到增加刚性和填充的作用,而且还具有改性的作用可使塑料型材加热后尺寸发生变化率减小,抗冲击强度提高,刚性增加。
四、选用与主体材料相容性优良的润滑剂及加工助剂:
1、选用PE蜡(聚乙烯蜡)与氯化聚氯乙烯(PVC-C)和抗冲击材料氯化聚乙烯(CPE)相容性优良,具有强极性中心和较长的非极性碳链,其结构中在极性上与塑料相容的部分起内润滑作用,非极性链上的与塑料不相容的部分起外润滑脱模的作用提高了PVC-C管材挤出加工的生产效率。石蜡(正构烷烃C18-30)在常温下抗湿性能好,耐化学药品能力强,电性能优良,可改善成品的外观。
2、多功能加工助剂的功能
选用分散性好的ACR(丙烯酸酯系)的PVC-C助剂,在融合、挤出加工中ACR较长的分子链粘附在PVC-C树脂颗粒上,将外部的热和剪切力传递给树脂,促进其熔融、塑化。降低了加工过程的温度,提高了熔体强度改善了制品质量同时不降低硬质PVC-C的刚性。
五、优选的抗冲击材料
选用与PVC-C相容性好、耐低温性优良的含氯量36%的CPE(氯化聚乙烯),使其在PVC-C中形成与之较好结合力的分散相,在受冲击力时在分散相周围产生塑性变形和取向,从而吸收了大量的冲击能,则提高了PVC-C的韧性、抗冲击强度。
抗冲击剂ACR-ZB-21、抗冲击剂MBS-LB-156、抗冲击剂LT-61均为丙烯酸胶类柔韧复合型抗冲击材料具有耐热氧、耐油性能。
实施例1、
本实施例1提供一种芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管,原料按重量份计,包括下列组分:
上述芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管的制备方法如下:
1)抗撕裂芳纶浆粕表面进行增粘处理:将抗撕裂芳纶浆粕与稳定剂混合,进行浸润、加热、搅拌;具体的,浸润2小时,加热温度为80℃,并且每间隔20分钟搅拌10分钟。
2)将增粘后的抗撕裂芳纶浆粕与各其他原料称量好,进入生产线起点预混合,搅拌均匀;
3)均匀的粉料浸入高温融合段混合,温度为165-180℃,融合时间为9分钟,物理凝聚成粘流态融合体;
4)高温粘流态融合体进入挤出段的预定规格模腔加压段,形成预设型管体结构,并渐次降温;渐次降温具体是预设型管体结构的渐次降温是从180℃逐渐降至30℃,冷却降温时间为25分钟。
5)较高温的预设型管体通过冷却段进行定型;
6)按规定长度裁断;
7)检测,合格后得到成品。
实施例2、
本实施例2提供一种芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管,原料按重量份计,包括下列组分:
本实施例2的制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3、
本实施例3提供一种芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管,原料按重量份计,包括下列组分:
序号 | 材料 | 占比 |
1 | 氯化聚氯乙烯 | 100 |
2 | 稀土稳定剂XT-1 | 2 |
3 | 钙锌稳定剂 | 5 |
4 | 表面活性剂硅烷偶联剂A-187 | 5 |
5 | 芳纶浆粕短纤维 | 10 |
6 | 钛白粉 | 2 |
7 | 活性轻质碳酸钙 | 10 |
8 | 抗冲击剂CPE | 10 |
9 | 抗冲击剂LT-61 | 2 |
10 | 润滑剂PE蜡 | 0.5 |
11 | 石蜡 | 0.1 |
12 | 加工助剂ACR401 | 5 |
本实施例3的制备方法与实施例1相同。
对实施例1制备的套管进行检测,结果如下:
上面对本发明的实施方式做了详细说明,但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式,在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。
Claims (8)
1.一种芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管,其特征在于,原料按重量份计,包括下列组分:氯化聚氯乙烯100份、稳定剂5-20份、表面活性剂5-15份、抗撕裂芳纶浆粕10-50份、增强增容剂10-30份、抗冲击剂10-30份、润滑剂0.5-30份、加工助剂5-40份;所述稳定剂包括稀土稳定剂和钙锌稳定剂;所述表面活性剂为硅偶联剂;所述增强增容剂为白炭黑、钛白粉、轻质碳酸钙中的一种或多种;所述抗冲击剂为橡胶类弹性体;所述润滑剂为聚乙烯蜡或石蜡中的一种或两种;所述加工助剂为ACR-401或ACR-ZB-21中的一种或两种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管,其特征在于,所述钙锌稳定剂由钙盐、锌盐、润滑剂和抗氧剂为主要组分采用复合工艺而合成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管,其特征在于,所述抗冲击剂包括氯化聚乙烯和丙烯酸胶类柔韧复合型抗冲击材料,所述丙烯酸胶类柔韧复合型抗冲击材料为抗冲击剂ACR-ZB-21、抗冲击剂MBS-LB-156、抗冲击剂LT-61中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)抗撕裂芳纶浆粕表面进行增粘处理:将抗撕裂芳纶浆粕与稳定剂混合,进行浸润、加热、搅拌;
2)将增粘后的抗撕裂芳纶浆粕与各其他原料称量好,进入生产线起点预混合,搅拌均匀;
3)均匀的粉料浸入高温融合段混合,物理凝聚成粘流态融合体;
4)高温粘流态融合体进入挤出段的预定规格模腔加压段,形成预设型管体结构,并渐次降温;
5)较高温的预设型管体通过冷却段进行定型;
6)按规定长度裁断;
7)检测,合格后得到成品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中,将抗撕裂芳纶浆粕与稳定剂混合,浸润2小时,加热温度为80℃,并且每间隔20分钟搅拌10分钟。
6.根据权利要求5所述的芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管的制备方法,其特征在于,采用无机盐离子络合的方法,让芳纶浆粕短纤维与具有独特偶联作用的液体钙锌稳定剂中的钙离子与芳纶聚酰胺分子链上的酰胺键发生配位络合反应,从而打开分子链中的氢键及结晶性,增加芳纶微纤维表面粗糙度,增强与基材的粘合性。
7.根据权利要求4所述的芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3)中,均匀的粉料浸入高温融合段混合,温度为165-180℃,融合时间为9分钟。
8.根据权利要求4所述的芳纶浆粕增强PVC-C矿井套管的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4)中,预设型管体结构的渐次降温是从180℃逐渐降至30℃,冷却降温时间为25分钟。
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