CN117350018A - Water flow regulation and control method for preventing bank slopes at river channel junction from scouring - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种河道交汇处岸坡防冲刷的水流调控方法，包括获取河道交汇处的基本特征，所述基本特征包括河道流量、水深、平面形态和土体性质；根据河道流量、水深和平面形态，构建交汇处平面流场模型；根据土体性质和相应的泥沙起动流速公式，确定支汊对岸侧泥沙起动流速V c ；确定分离区、支汊水流和主汊水流占据河道的位置，得到平面流场的数学表达确定岸坡侧水流流速大小V m ；通过调节主汊流量和支汊流量，使得岸坡侧流速V m 小于泥沙起动流速V c ，从而确保岸坡的稳定性。本发明可适用于不同条件下河流交汇处的岸坡治理；通过汇流比来确定水流的过流宽度，大大简化计算过程，快速得到结果。
The invention discloses a water flow control method for preventing erosion of bank slopes at river intersections, which includes obtaining basic characteristics of river intersections. The basic characteristics include river flow, water depth, planar shape and soil properties; according to the river flow, water depth and Planar shape, construct a planar flow field model at the intersection; determine the starting sediment flow velocity V c on the opposite side of the branch according to the soil properties and the corresponding sediment starting flow velocity formula; determine the separation area, branch flow and main branch flow occupying the river channel position, the mathematical expression of the plane flow field is obtained to determine the flow velocity V m of the water flow on the bank slope; by adjusting the main branch flow rate and the branch flow rate, the flow velocity V m on the bank slope side is smaller than the initial sediment flow velocity V c , thereby ensuring the stability of the bank slope. sex. The invention can be applied to bank slope management at river intersections under different conditions; the flow width of the water flow is determined through the confluence ratio, which greatly simplifies the calculation process and quickly obtains results.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于水利工程技术领域，具体涉及一种河道交汇处岸坡防冲刷的水流调控方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy engineering, and specifically relates to a water flow control method for preventing erosion of bank slopes at river intersections.
背景技术Background technique
在平原河流中，河岸冲刷是一种很常见的现象。河岸冲刷是指河水冲击河岸造成岸边土壤物质的流失，导致河岸坡度陡峭，严重的河岸冲刷还会导致河岸崩塌、岸线后退，影响到河岸的生态环境和河流的稳定。河流沿岸人口众多，经济发达，减轻河岸冲刷造成的洪水灾害和环境破坏，可为沿岸地区的经济建设提供保障，促进经济的可持续发展。然而，河岸冲刷机理十分复杂，影响因素众多，河岸边界的水流条件、土壤结构以及剖面形状(坡高、坡度)等，这些在冲刷发生过程中起到了重要的作用。Bank erosion is a common phenomenon in plain rivers. River bank erosion refers to the loss of soil material on the bank caused by the impact of river water on the river bank, resulting in a steep slope of the river bank. Severe river bank erosion can also cause river bank collapse and shoreline retreat, affecting the ecological environment of the river bank and the stability of the river. There is a large population and a developed economy along the river. Reducing flood disasters and environmental damage caused by river bank erosion can provide guarantee for the economic construction of coastal areas and promote sustainable economic development. However, the mechanism of river bank erosion is very complex and has many influencing factors. The flow conditions, soil structure, and profile shape (slope height, slope) of the river bank boundary, etc., play an important role in the occurrence of erosion.
河流交汇处作为河流系统的重要控制节点，其复杂的水流紊动导致该区域河岸冲刷十分严重。两股不同流量的水流在交汇处相遇，相互挤压，并且由于河道断面的束窄，导致交汇区水流流速增大，造成河岸冲刷或者岸脚淘刷。同时，当受降雨、调水等影响，河流流量突变，水流流速也发生突变，这种变化也会加剧岸坡的冲刷。然而，由于河流交汇处的平面形态复杂，水流要素众多，至今对交汇区冲刷的认识还十分不足，也缺少相应的调控措施。因此，研究交汇处河岸防冲刷具有重要的理论和实践意义，可以为河流生态环境保护和社会经济发展提供有力支撑。As an important control node of the river system, the complex flow turbulence of river confluences causes serious river bank erosion in this area. Two streams of water with different flow rates meet at the intersection and squeeze each other. Due to the narrow channel section, the flow rate of the water in the intersection area increases, causing river bank erosion or bank toe erosion. At the same time, when affected by rainfall, water diversion, etc., the river flow changes suddenly, and the water flow speed also changes suddenly. This change will also intensify the erosion of the bank slope. However, due to the complex plane shape of river intersections and the numerous water flow elements, the understanding of erosion in the intersection areas is still insufficient, and there is a lack of corresponding control measures. Therefore, studying the prevention of river bank erosion at intersections has important theoretical and practical significance, and can provide strong support for river ecological environment protection and social and economic development.
发明内容Contents of the invention
解决的技术问题：针对上述技术问题，本发明提供一种河道交汇处岸坡防冲刷的水流调控方法，能有效解决上述河流交汇处的平面形态复杂，水流要素众多以及缺少调控措施等不足之处。Technical Problems Solved: In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a water flow control method for preventing erosion of bank slopes at river intersections, which can effectively solve the above-mentioned shortcomings of the river intersections such as the complex plane shape, numerous flow elements, and lack of control measures. .
技术方案：一种河道交汇处岸坡防冲刷的水流调控方法，包括以下步骤：Technical solution: A water flow control method to prevent erosion on bank slopes at river intersections, including the following steps:
步骤一：获取河道交汇处的基本特征，所述基本特征包括河道流量、水深、平面形态和土体性质；Step 1: Obtain the basic characteristics of the river intersection. The basic characteristics include river flow, water depth, plane shape and soil properties;
步骤二：根据河道流量、水深和平面形态，构建交汇处平面流场模型；根据土体性质和相应的泥沙起动流速公式，确定支汊对岸侧泥沙起动流速Vc；Step 2: Construct a plane flow field model at the intersection based on the river flow, water depth and plane shape; determine the sediment starting flow velocity V c on the opposite side of the branch based on the soil properties and the corresponding sediment starting flow velocity formula;
步骤三：确定分离区、支汊水流和主汊水流占据河道的位置，得到平面流场的数学表达确定岸坡侧水流流速大小Vm；Step 3: Determine the positions of the separation area, branch currents and main branch currents occupying the river channel, and obtain the mathematical expression of the plane flow field to determine the flow velocity V m of the water on the bank slope side;
步骤四：通过调节主汊流量和支汊流量，使得岸坡侧流速Vm小于泥沙起动流速Vc，从而确保岸坡的稳定性。Step 4: By adjusting the main branch flow rate and branch branch flow rate, the bank slope side flow velocity V m is smaller than the sediment starting flow velocity V c , thereby ensuring the stability of the bank slope.
优选的，所述河道交汇处的基本特征具体包括支汊流量Q1、主汊流量Q2、交汇角α、下游河宽W和水深H。Preferably, the basic characteristics of the river intersection specifically include branch flow Q 1 , main branch flow Q 2 , intersection angle α, downstream river width W and water depth H.
优选的，根据土体性质和泥沙级配情况，采用适用粗细沙的统一起动流速公式如下所示：Preferably, according to the soil properties and sediment gradation, a unified starting flow rate formula suitable for coarse and fine sand is used as follows:
式中：Vc为起动流速；h为水深；D为粒径，γ为水流容重；γs为泥沙容重，γ′为淤积物的干容重；γ′c为淤积物的稳定干容重，δ为薄膜水厚度，取值为0.0001mm，ν水流运动黏滞性系数，g是重力加速度。In the formula: V c is the starting flow rate; h is the water depth; D is the particle size, γ is the bulk density of the water flow; γ s is the bulk density of the sediment, γ′ is the dry bulk weight of the sediment; γ′ c is the stable dry bulk weight of the sediment, δ is the film water thickness, with a value of 0.0001mm, ν is the viscosity coefficient of water flow movement, and g is the gravity acceleration.
优选的，分离区的平面宽度如下式所示：Preferably, the plane width of the separation zone is as shown in the following formula:
式中，Ws为分离区的平面宽度，Fd为水流的弗勒得数，Fd＝u/(g*h)0.5，u是水流平均流速，q为汇流比，且q＝Q1/Q2。In the formula, W s is the plane width of the separation zone, F d is the Fleder number of the water flow, F d =u/(g*h) 0.5 , u is the average flow velocity of the water flow, q is the confluence ratio, and q=Q 1 / Q2 .
优选的，在交汇下游，根据支汊和主汊的流量比来确定相应的过流宽度：Preferably, downstream of the intersection, the corresponding flow width is determined based on the flow ratio of the branch branch and the main branch:
W1/W2＝Q1/Q2 W 1 /W 2 =Q 1 /Q 2
Ws+W1+W2＝WW s +W 1 +W 2 =W
Vm＝Q2/(W2*H)V m =Q 2 /(W 2 *H)
式中，W1为交汇后支汊水流的过流宽度，W2为交汇后主汊水流的过流宽度。In the formula, W 1 is the cross-flow width of the branch water flow after the intersection, and W 2 is the cross-flow width of the main branch water flow after the intersection.
优选的，汇流比与交汇角、临界流速、河宽和水深之间的数学关系式如下式所示：Preferably, the mathematical relationship between the confluence ratio, intersection angle, critical flow velocity, river width and water depth is as follows:
其中，主汊流量Q2为自变量。Among them, the main branch flow Q 2 is the independent variable.
有益效果：1)本发明一种河道交汇处岸坡防冲刷的水流调控方法，通过获取河道交汇处的基本特征，构建交汇处平面流场模型，调节主汊和支汊流量过程，使得岸坡侧流速小于泥沙起动流速，从而确保岸坡的稳定性；Beneficial effects: 1) The present invention is a water flow control method for preventing erosion of bank slopes at river intersections. By obtaining the basic characteristics of river intersections, constructing a plane flow field model at the intersection, and adjusting the flow process of the main branch and branch branches, the bank slope The side flow velocity is smaller than the starting flow velocity of sediment, thus ensuring the stability of the bank slope;
2)本发明中采用水流流速与汇流比和交汇角的数学关系式，可适用于不同条件下河流交汇处的岸坡治理；2) The present invention adopts the mathematical relationship between water flow velocity, confluence ratio and intersection angle, which can be applied to bank slope management at river intersections under different conditions;
3)本发明中建立了河道交汇下游平面流场模型，通过汇流比来确定水流的过流宽度，可大大简化计算过程，快速得到结果。3) In the present invention, a planar flow field model downstream of the river intersection is established, and the flow width of the water flow is determined through the confluence ratio, which can greatly simplify the calculation process and obtain results quickly.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一种河道交汇处岸坡防冲刷的水流调控方法的流程示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a water flow control method for preventing erosion on bank slopes at river intersections according to the present invention;
图2是本发明一种河道交汇处岸坡防冲刷的水流调控方法的交汇处平面流场示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the plane flow field at the intersection of a water flow control method for preventing erosion on bank slopes at river intersections according to the present invention;
图3是本发明一种河道交汇处岸坡防冲刷的水流调控方法的水流流量调控关系曲线。Figure 3 is a flow control relationship curve of a water flow control method for preventing erosion on bank slopes at river intersections according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作详细说明：The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，一种河道交汇处岸坡防冲刷的水流调控方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, a flow control method for preventing bank erosion at river intersections includes the following steps:
步骤一：获取河道交汇处的基本特征，所述基本特征包括河道流量、水深、平面形态和土体性质，具体包括支汊流量Q1，主汊流量Q2，交汇角α，下游河宽W和水深H。Step 1: Obtain the basic characteristics of the river intersection. The basic characteristics include river flow, water depth, plane shape and soil properties, specifically including branch flow Q 1 , main branch flow Q 2 , intersection angle α, and downstream river width W. and water depth H.
步骤二：根据河道流量、水深和平面形态，构建交汇处平面流场模型；根据土体性质和相应的泥沙起动流速公式，确定支汊对岸侧泥沙起动流速Vc，采用适用粗细沙的统一起动流速公式，如下式所示：Step 2: Based on the river flow, water depth and plane shape, construct a planar flow field model at the intersection; based on the soil properties and the corresponding sediment starting flow velocity formula, determine the starting sediment flow velocity V c on the opposite side of the branch, and use a formula suitable for coarse and fine sand The unified starting flow rate formula is as follows:
式中，Vc为起动流速；h为水深；D为粒径，γ为水流容重；γs为泥沙容重，γ′为淤积物的干容重；γ′c为淤积物的稳定干容重，δ为薄膜水厚度，取为0.000 1mm，ν水流运动黏滞性系数。In the formula, V c is the starting flow rate; h is the water depth; D is the particle size, γ is the bulk density of the water flow; γ s is the bulk density of sediment, γ′ is the dry bulk weight of sediment; γ′ c is the stable dry bulk density of sediment, δ is the film water thickness, which is taken as 0.000 1mm, and ν is the viscosity coefficient of water flow movement.
步骤三：确定分离区、支汊水流和主汊水流占据河道的位置，得到平面流场的数学表达(即Vm＝Q2/(W2*H))确定岸坡侧水流流速大小Vm；分离区的平面宽度如下式所示：Step 3: Determine the positions of the separation area, branch flow and main branch flow in the river, and obtain the mathematical expression of the plane flow field (i.e. V m = Q 2 /(W 2 *H)) to determine the flow velocity V m of the bank side flow. ;The plane width of the separation zone is as follows:
式中，Ws为分离区的平面宽度，Fd为水流的弗勒得数，q为汇流比，且q＝Q1/Q2；In the formula, W s is the plane width of the separation zone, F d is the Fleder number of the water flow, q is the confluence ratio, and q=Q 1 /Q 2 ;
在交汇下游，根据支汊和主汊的流量比来确定相应的过流宽度：Downstream of the intersection, the corresponding flow width is determined based on the flow ratio of the branch branch and the main branch:
W1/W2＝Q1/Q2 W 1 /W 2 =Q 1 /Q 2
Ws+W1+W2＝WW s +W 1 +W 2 =W
Vm＝Q2/(W2*H)V m =Q 2 /(W 2 *H)
式中，W1为交汇后支汊水流的过流宽度，W2为交汇后主汊水流的过流宽度，将上述三式与q＝Q1/Q2联立，得到汇流比与交汇角、临界流速、河宽和水深之间的数学关系式，如下式所示：In the formula, W 1 is the cross-flow width of the branch water flow after the intersection, and W 2 is the cross-flow width of the main branch water flow after the intersection. The above three equations are combined with q=Q 1 /Q 2 to obtain the confluence ratio and intersection angle. , the mathematical relationship between critical flow velocity, river width and water depth, as shown in the following formula:
其中，主汊流量Q2为自变量。Among them, the main branch flow Q 2 is the independent variable.
步骤四：通过调节主汊和支汊流量过程，使得岸坡侧流速Vm小于泥沙起动流速Vc，从而确保岸坡的稳定性。Step 4: By adjusting the main branch and branch flow processes, the bank slope side flow velocity V m is smaller than the sediment starting flow velocity V c , thereby ensuring the stability of the bank slope.
本发明通过获取河道交汇处的基本特征，构建交汇处平面流场模型，调节主汊和支汊流量过程，使得支汊对岸岸坡侧流速小于泥沙起动流速，从而确保岸坡的稳定性；此外，建立了水流流速与汇流比和交汇角的数学关系式，以及交汇下游平面流场模型，通过汇流比来确定水流的过流宽度，可大大简化计算过程，快速得到结果，并适用于不同条件下河流交汇处的岸坡治理。This invention obtains the basic characteristics of the river intersection, builds a plane flow field model at the intersection, and adjusts the flow process of the main branch and the branch, so that the flow speed of the bank slope on the opposite side of the branch is smaller than the starting flow speed of the sediment, thereby ensuring the stability of the bank slope; In addition, the mathematical relationship between the water flow velocity, the confluence ratio and the intersection angle is established, as well as the plane flow field model downstream of the intersection. The confluence ratio is used to determine the flow width of the water flow, which can greatly simplify the calculation process, obtain results quickly, and is suitable for different applications. Bank slope management at river intersections under certain conditions.
实施例2Example 2
如图2的交汇处平面流场示意图所示：左侧为主汊来流，下面为支汊来流，在交汇处相遇、混合，流向下游。根据交汇处的水流特征，将其分为分离区、支汊水流通道和主汊水流通道；As shown in the schematic diagram of the plane flow field at the intersection in Figure 2: the main branch flow is on the left, and the branch flow is below. They meet and mix at the intersection and flow downstream. According to the flow characteristics of the intersection, it is divided into separation area, branch flow channel and main branch flow channel;
已知汇流比q和交汇角α，通过分离区尺寸拟合公式(即)，可计算得到分离区的最大宽度Ws；已知汇流比q，可计算支汊、主汊水流在交汇下游相应过流通道的宽度。Given the confluence ratio q and intersection angle α, the separation zone size fitting formula (i.e. ), the maximum width W s of the separation zone can be calculated; given the confluence ratio q, the width of the corresponding flow channel downstream of the intersection of the branch and main branch can be calculated.
建立汇流比与交汇角、临界流速、河宽和水深之间的数学关系式，主汊流量为自变量：Establish a mathematical relationship between the confluence ratio, intersection angle, critical flow velocity, river width and water depth. The main branch flow rate is the independent variable:
根据上述关系式，如图3所示，在已知主汊流量Q2的情况下，通过调节汇流比q，即支汊流量Q1，使得河岸处的流速小于泥沙的起动流速，即错峰调节主汊和支汊的流量过程，使其落在曲线的左侧，确保岸坡处于非冲刷状态。According to the above relationship, as shown in Figure 3, when the main branch flow rate Q 2 is known, by adjusting the confluence ratio q, that is, the branch flow rate Q 1 , the flow speed at the river bank is smaller than the starting flow speed of the sediment, that is, the flow rate is wrong. The peak regulates the flow process of the main branch and branch branches so that it falls on the left side of the curve, ensuring that the bank slope is in a non-scouring state.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within the range.
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