CN117347088A - Variable-gradient shield tunnel tunneling simulation test device and method - Google Patents

Variable-gradient shield tunnel tunneling simulation test device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117347088A
CN117347088A CN202311281011.7A CN202311281011A CN117347088A CN 117347088 A CN117347088 A CN 117347088A CN 202311281011 A CN202311281011 A CN 202311281011A CN 117347088 A CN117347088 A CN 117347088A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
simulation
test
tunnel
simulated
shield
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Pending
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CN202311281011.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张凌之
何昊燊
赵海龙
李梦龙
梁禹
赵辰洋
王铎
林存刚
谢海辉
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Guangdong Zhuzhao Railway Co ltd
Sun Yat Sen University
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Guangdong Zhuzhao Railway Co ltd
Sun Yat Sen University
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Publication of CN117347088A publication Critical patent/CN117347088A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable-gradient shield tunneling simulation test device and a variable-gradient shield tunneling simulation test method, wherein a simulation tunnel is arranged to comprise a plurality of segment rings which are arranged at intervals in front and behind, and an elastic sealing ring which is connected with two adjacent segment rings and seals the intervals, so that the two adjacent segment rings can swing vertically relatively, an angle adjusting mechanism for adjusting the vertical included angle between the two adjacent segment rings is arranged in the simulation tunnel, and the simulation tunnel can adjust the vertical included angle between every two adjacent segment rings through the angle adjusting mechanism according to test requirements so as to enable the simulation tunnel to present gradient distribution state required by a test. In addition, the simulated shield shell is made of elastic materials, so that the simulated shield shell has elastic deformation capability, gradient distribution corresponding to a simulated tunnel can be formed, and the simulated tunnel can be pulled down by an external traction system to move in a test process, so that tunneling and excavation of a shield machine are simulated, and various construction parameters in actual engineering can be comprehensively and accurately assisted to be determined.

Description

Variable-gradient shield tunnel tunneling simulation test device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shield tunneling tests, in particular to a device and a method for simulating tunneling of a structure tunnel of a variable-gradient shield.
Background
In order to reduce the influence of soil subsidence, ground subsidence and other engineering geological disasters in actual engineering, the influence of shield construction on surrounding soil under different working conditions is often required to be simulated by adopting a model test before construction so as to assist in determining various construction parameters in actual engineering.
The shield tunneling model test is a test method for carrying out equal proportion conversion on actual working conditions on site through geometric, physical and material similarity comparison, and aims at researching the influence of different burial depths, sizes, segment types and the like on soil subsidence, earth surface subsidence, tunnel floating and surrounding buildings caused by tunnel excavation, unloading and grouting.
Although the existing shield tunneling test can meet the test requirements under a certain working condition, the existing shield tunneling test has the defects that, for example, the existing shield tunneling test is mainly performed for a shield tunnel without gradient or with a certain gradient value, in actual engineering, a tunnel can possibly have the condition that the gradient is continuously changed in a certain or certain areas, the different gradient changes of the tunnel can also cause the problems of soil settlement, earth surface subsidence and the like in different degrees, and the tunnel model and the shield shell model of the existing shield tunneling test model are of rigid straight pipe structures and can only simulate the shield tunneling test without gradient or with a constant gradient value, but can not simulate the shield tunneling test with a constant gradient change.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a variable-gradient shield tunnel driving simulation test device and a variable-gradient shield tunnel driving simulation test method, which aim to simultaneously meet test requirements of the same gradient and different gradients.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a variable gradient shield tunnel driving simulation test device, comprising:
the model box is internally limited with a test space for containing test soil, and a side wall of the model box is arranged to be wholly or partially movable up and down relative to the test space and is provided with a through hole;
the simulation tunnel comprises a plurality of segment rings which are arranged at intervals front and back, and an elastic sealing ring which is connected with two adjacent segment rings and seals the intervals;
the angle adjusting mechanism is arranged in the simulated tunnel and is used for adjusting the vertical included angle between two adjacent segment rings;
the simulated shield shell is made of elastic materials, is sleeved on the simulated tunnel, and one end of the simulated shield shell extends out of the test space through the hole and can move along the simulated tunnel; and
and the monitoring system is used for collecting data before and after deformation of the test soil body.
The invention also provides a shield tunnel driving simulation test method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting vertical included angles between every two adjacent segment rings according to test working conditions and requirements, and sleeving a simulation shield shell on a simulation tunnel;
s2, burying a simulation shield shell and a simulation tunnel in a test soil body, and arranging a monitoring system, wherein one end of the simulation tunnel is connected in the test space, and the other end of the simulation tunnel and one end of the simulation shield shell extend out of the test space through holes;
s3, driving the simulation shield shell to move outwards along the simulation tunnel at a set reasonable speed through a traction system outside the test space;
s4, collecting data before and after deformation of the test soil body through the monitoring system so as to analyze the deformation condition of the test soil body.
The invention discloses a variable-gradient shield tunneling simulation test device and a variable-gradient shield tunneling simulation test method, wherein a simulation tunnel is arranged to comprise a plurality of segment rings which are arranged at intervals in front and back, and an elastic sealing ring which is connected with two adjacent segment rings and seals the intervals, so that the two adjacent segment rings can swing vertically relatively, an angle adjusting mechanism which can be used for adjusting the vertical included angle between the two adjacent segment rings is arranged in the simulation tunnel, and the simulation tunnel can adjust the vertical included angle between every two adjacent segment rings through the angle adjusting mechanism according to test requirements so that the simulation tunnel can show gradient distribution states required by tests. In addition, the simulated shield shell is made of elastic materials, so that the simulated shield shell has elastic deformation capacity, gradient distribution corresponding to a simulated tunnel can be formed, and the simulated tunnel can be pulled down by an external traction system to simulate tunneling and excavation of a shield machine in a test process, a shield tail gap is formed behind the simulated shield shell in the moving direction of the simulated shield shell, and finally, a monitoring system collects data before and after deformation of the tested soil for analyzing deformation conditions of the tested soil, so that various construction parameters in actual engineering can be comprehensively and accurately assisted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention after connecting two adjacent segment rings;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention after two adjacent segment rings are connected;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the present invention during an experiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a mold box of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the fit of the simulated tunnel, inner glue layer, grouting pipe and simulated shield according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of the angle sensor, the sensing magnet and the pivot shaft;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an induction magnet.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, rear, top, bottom, inner, outer, vertical, lateral, longitudinal, counterclockwise, clockwise, circumferential, radial, axial … …) are referred to, and the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In addition, if there is a description of "first" or "second" etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first" or "second" etc. is only for descriptive purposes, and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
The invention provides a variable-gradient shield tunnel driving simulation test device.
In the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1-7, the variable gradient shield tunneling simulation test device comprises a model box 1, a simulation tunnel 2, an angle adjusting mechanism, a simulation shield shell 3 and a monitoring system (not shown). The model box 1 is internally limited with a test space 1a for containing test soil, and a side wall of the model box 1 is arranged to be wholly or partially movable up and down relative to the test space 1a and is provided with a via hole 10. The simulated tunnel 2 can be buried in the test soil body of the test space 1a, one end of the simulated tunnel 2 is connected in the model box 1, and the other end extends out of the test space 1a through the hole 10. The simulated tunnel 2 comprises segment rings 21 which are arranged at intervals in the front and back of the multiple segments, and elastic sealing rings 22 which are connected with the two adjacent segment rings 21 and seal the intervals, when the vertical included angle (or the included angle in the vertical plane) of the two adjacent segment rings 21 changes, the elastic sealing rings 22 are elastically deformed in a following way, the interval between the two adjacent segment rings 21 is sealed, and water, test soil and the like can be prevented from entering the simulated tunnel 2. The angle adjusting mechanism is arranged in the simulated tunnel 2 and is used for adjusting the vertical included angle between two adjacent segment rings 21 so that the simulated tunnel 2 wholly or locally presents the gradient required by the test. The simulated shield shell 3 is made of elastic materials, so that the simulated shield shell 3 has good elastic deformation capacity, is sleeved on the simulated tunnel 2, forms gradient distribution which is basically the same as that of the area sleeved by the simulated tunnel 2, and one end of the simulated shield shell 3 extends out of the test space 1a through the hole 10 and can move along the simulated tunnel 2, so that tunneling and excavation of a shield machine are simulated, and a shield tail gap is formed by test soil body behind the moving direction of the simulated shield shell 3. The monitoring system is used for collecting data before and after deformation of the test soil body so as to analyze the deformation condition of the test soil body, and further can more comprehensively and accurately assist in determining various construction parameters in actual engineering.
It will be appreciated that during the test, the simulated shield 3 is pulled by an external pulling system (not shown) which is connected to the end of the simulated shield 3 outside the test space 1a, so as to drive the simulated shield 3 to move relative to the simulated tunnel 2. Traction mechanisms are known in the art and are well known to those skilled in the art, and their specific structure and working principle will not be described in detail here.
As is well known, the tunnel gradient, i.e. the degree to which a tunnel is steep, is generally referred to as the gradient, the ratio of the vertical distance H of one location of the tunnel from another location to the horizontal distance L, denoted by the letter i, i.e. the tangent of the angle of the slope. For example: the gradient of 3% means that the road rises (falls) 3 meters vertically every 100 meters; 1% means that every 100 meters of the route, the vertical direction rises (falls) by 1 meter.
It can be understood that in the invention, the vertical included angle between every two adjacent segment rings 21 is determined according to the test requirement, and when the vertical included angle between every two adjacent segment rings 21 is 180 degrees, the relative gradient of the two segment rings is 0; when the vertical included angle of two adjacent segment rings 21 is 179 degrees, the relative gradient of the two segment rings is 1 degree; when all the segments are horizontally arranged, the gradient of the whole simulated tunnel 2 is zero (i.e. the whole simulated tunnel 2 has no gradient); when the included angles of all segment rings 21 are 180 degrees and are set in an overall inclined mode, the whole simulated tunnel 2 has the same gradient. That is to say, the simulated tunnel 2 can be adjusted to be wholly free of gradient, wholly have the same gradient or be adjusted to have a plurality of different gradients in one simulated tunnel 2 according to the requirement, and the method can be suitable for test requirements under different working conditions.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the variable gradient shield tunneling simulation test device further comprises a grouting pipe 4, one end of the grouting pipe 4 is located outside the test space 1a, the other end of the grouting pipe extends to the rear end of the simulation shield shell 3 along the simulation shield shell 3 (the traction direction of the traction system is used as the front, and the reverse is used as the rear), and can synchronously move along with the simulation shield shell 3, one end of the grouting pipe 4 located outside the test space 1a is communicated with an external grouting system (not shown), and when the simulation shield shell 3 moves along the simulation tunnel 2, the grouting system injects slurry into a tail gap through the grouting pipe 4 so as to simulate wall rear grouting in actual shield construction, thereby playing a role of filling the tail gap, improving phenomena such as soil subsidence and earth surface subsidence, and the like, and further improving test accuracy. Specifically, the slurry may be slurry material adopted in actual shield tail grouting, and the main material is cement and one or more of fly ash, bentonite, sand, water reducer and the like, and the slurry is proportioned according to a similar ratio relationship, and specific proportioning is not repeated here.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, a soft inner adhesive layer 31 is fixedly arranged (e.g. fixedly adhered by water) on the inner periphery of the simulation shield shell 3, the grouting pipe 4 is clamped between the inner adhesive layer 31 and the simulation shield shell 3, and the inner adhesive layer 31 is elastically abutted against the simulation tunnel 2, so as to ensure that the simulation shield shell 3 and the grouting pipe 4 can more smoothly advance along the simulation tunnel 2.
It will be appreciated that segment ring 21 is essentially a thin-walled cylinder, wherein the rear end of segment ring 21 in the final position is closed and connected to test space 1a, in particular hinged to the other side wall of mold box 1 opposite the side wall provided with said via holes 10. The material and wall thickness of the segment ring 21 can be selected according to the test requirements, for example, the segment ring is made of a material with better rigidity, such as steel, a polymer material or carbon fiber.
It will be appreciated that grouting systems are well known in the art and known to those skilled in the art, and include, for example, a slurry tank, a grouting pump, a flow meter, a pressure gauge, etc., and specific connection and operation principles will not be described again.
Further, the mating surface of the simulated shield shell 3 and the tube of the simulated tunnel 2 or the mating surface of the inner adhesive layer 31 and the simulated tunnel 2 is coated with a layer of grease (not shown) to lubricate the mating surface and seal the mating surface, thereby preventing the slurry from flowing backwards.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, two adjacent segment rings 21 are hinged by a hinge structure, and the vertical included angle of the two segment rings can be adjusted by an angle adjusting mechanism. Specifically, the hinge structure includes a hinge base 211 fixed inside one end of one of the two adjacent segment rings 21, a radial pivot shaft 213 pivotally mounted on the hinge base 211, and a swing arm 212 fixed inside the other end of the two adjacent segment rings 21, wherein the swing arm 212 is fixedly connected with the pivot shaft 213, and when the pivot shaft 213 rotates relative to the hinge base 211, the vertical angle between the two adjacent segment rings 21 changes accordingly.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the angle adjusting mechanism preferably includes a motor 5 fixed on the hinge base 211, a driving gear 52 fixed on the rotation shaft of the motor, and a driven gear 214 fixed on one end of the pivot shaft 213, where the driving gear 52 and the driven gear 214 are meshed. When the motor 5 rotates, the driving gear 52 and the driven gear 214 mesh to drive the pivot shaft 213 to rotate relative to the hinge base 211, so as to adjust the vertical angle between the two adjacent segment rings 21. It should be noted that when the motor 5 is not powered on or does not receive a working instruction, the motor 5 is in a self-locking state, and the motor rotating shaft 51 is locked and cannot passively rotate, so that the two adjacent segment rings 21 are locked in a required vertical angle state, and the test efficiency can be improved by automatically adjusting the vertical included angle between the two adjacent segment rings 21 by the motor 5, but the cost is relatively high. Specifically, the hinge base 211 is located at a radial center position of the segment ring 21, and is fixedly connected to the segment ring 21 through a plurality of first supporting members 215. The swing arm 212 is located at a radial center position of the segment ring 21 and is fixedly connected with the segment ring 21 through a plurality of second supporting pieces 216.
Further, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the present invention further includes an angle measuring apparatus 6, where the angle measuring apparatus 6 is electrically connected to a control system (not shown) of the motor 5, a slot hole (not shown) is formed in the middle of the end surface of the pivot shaft 213, the angle measuring apparatus 6 includes an induction magnet 62 embedded in the slot hole and an angle sensor 61 mounted on the hinge support 211, specifically, the angle measuring apparatus may be mounted on the hinge support through a bracket (not shown), the induction end 611 of the angle sensor 61 is opposite to the induction magnet 62 and may form magnetic induction, when the induction magnet 62 rotates along with the pivot shaft 213, the angle sensor 61 obtains a change value of a vertical angle between two adjacent segment rings 21 through detecting a rotation angle of the induction magnet 62 by the induction end 611, and the control system controls whether the motor 5 works according to an angle signal fed back by the angle sensor 61, thereby accurately and rapidly adjusting a vertical angle between two adjacent segment rings 21, and further improving test efficiency. It can be understood that the angle sensor 61 is a magnetic encoder, the sensing magnet 62 is of a circular structure, the opposite sides of the sensing portion of the sensing magnet 62 and the sensing portion of the angle sensor 61 are provided with an N pole and an S pole, the N pole and the S pole respectively occupy half, the angle sensor 61 is in the prior art, and detailed description of specific and working principles is omitted here.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the angle adjusting mechanism includes a bolt (not shown), a nut (not shown) engaged with the bolt, a U-shaped seat (not shown) fixed inside one end of one of the two adjacent segment rings 21, a swing arm (not shown) fixed inside the adjacent end of the other of the two adjacent segment rings 21, the swing arm stretches into the U-shaped seat and fits with the U-shaped seat, a first radial hole (not shown) and a second radial hole (not shown) corresponding to each other are formed in an overlapping area of the U-shaped seat and the swing seat, axes of the first radial hole and the second radial hole intersect with or substantially intersect with axes of the corresponding segment rings 21, a rod portion of the bolt is screwed with the nut after passing through the first radial hole and the second radial hole, when the nut is unscrewed, a vertical angle between the two adjacent segment rings 21 can be adjusted, and after the nut is screwed, the U-shaped seat is elastically deformed and the swing arm is clamped, so that the two adjacent segment rings are prevented from swinging relatively, and are locked in a required vertical angle state. The determination of the vertical angle value of two adjacent segment rings 21 can be measured manually by a protractor or by an automatic protractor. Similarly, the U-shaped seat is located at a radial center of the segment ring 21 and is fixedly connected to the segment ring 21 by a plurality of first supporting members (not shown). The swing arm is located at a radially central position of the segment ring 21 and is fixedly connected to the segment ring 21 by a plurality of second supporting members (not shown).
In the embodiment of the present invention, various embodiments are connected between the elastic sealing ring 22 and the adjacent two segment rings 21, for example, the elastic sealing ring 22 is fixedly connected with the adjacent two segment rings 21 by bonding, ultrasonic welding or injection molding. Or by a screw structure, snap-fit structure or other possible connection structure. The above connection methods are all common in the art, and will not be described herein.
The elastic sealing ring 22 may be made of one or more of rubber, plastic or silica gel, and the elastic sealing ring 22 is coated with copper fibers or metal sheets in order to achieve both strength and elastic deformation of the elastic sealing ring 22.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the mold box 1 is a square container with an open top, and includes a main body surrounded by three fixed side plates 12, 13, 14 and a bottom plate 11, and a movable side plate 15 (the movable side plate 15 is the side wall that is configured to be wholly or partially movable up and down relative to the test space 1 a), where the main body has an open side, and the movable side plate 15 may be vertically movably mounted on the open side of the main body, and is in sealing fit with the junction of the main body (for example, a sealing strip is disposed at the junction) to prevent soil and water from leaking. The locking device is used for locking the movable side plate 15 to a required height, and when the height of the movable side plate 15 needs to be adjusted, the locking device can unlock the movable side plate 15.
Alternatively, the locking means may be a screw, a snap-fit arrangement, a clip arrangement or the like. Of course, the locking device may be a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or a linear motor, etc., where a telescopic rod of the cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder or the linear motor is connected to the movable side plate 15, and when the telescopic rod stretches, the movable side plate 15 can be driven to move up and down relative to the test space 1a, and when the telescopic rod stops moving, the movable side plate 15 is locked. The precision and the efficiency are higher by means of the control of the air cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder or the linear motor 5.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the bottom plate 11 is formed with a guide hole 111 through which the lower end of the movable side plate 15 passes, and two fixed side plates 13 and 14 adjacent to the movable side plate 15 have opposite extending portions 131 and 141, and the movable side plate 15 is in sealing engagement with the extending portions and movable up and down along the extending portions 131 and 141, and the movable side plate 15 is also in sealing engagement with the guide hole 111 and movable up and down relative to the guide hole 111. Preferably, sealing strips may be provided at the guide hole 111 and the extension parts 131, 141, which seal against the guide hole 111 and the movable side plate 15 and the extension parts 131, 141 and the movable side plate 15, respectively, elastically. The via 10 is formed in the movable side plate 15. And the through hole 10 is provided with a sealing outer ring 7 in sealing fit with the simulated shield shell 3, and the simulated shield shell 3 passes through the sealing outer ring 7 and can move relative to the sealing outer ring 7 and keep sealing fit, so that test soil and water are prevented from leaking. Meanwhile, the sealing outer ring 7 can prevent the simulation shield shell 3 from directly abutting against the hard movable side plate 15, and the resistance born by the movement process of the simulation shield shell 3 is reduced.
It should be understood that the monitoring system according to the present invention is related art, and generally includes a data acquisition device (not shown), and at least one of a micro soil pressure cell, a resistance strain gauge, a micro inclinometer, a dial indicator, and other monitoring devices communicatively connected to the data acquisition device. The specific structure, arrangement and working principle of the data acquisition device and the detection instrument are well known to those skilled in the art, and are not improvements of the present invention, and will not be described herein.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the material of the simulation shield shell 3 may have various embodiments, so long as the material can move along the simulation tunnel 2 with different gradients, for example, the material may be tripropylene (PPR) or Polyethylene (PE) plastics.
It will be appreciated that the end of the simulated tunnel 2 connected to the test space 1a should be sealed to prevent water, test soil, from entering the interior of the simulated tunnel 2.
Having described embodiments of the variable slope shield tunneling simulation test apparatus of the present invention, embodiments of simulation test methods performed using the variable slope shield tunneling simulation test apparatus will be described next. The specific structure of the variable gradient shield tunnel driving simulation test device is shown in the above embodiment, and the repeated parts will not be described.
In the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1-7, the shield tunneling simulation test method comprises the following steps:
s1, according to test working conditions and requirements, adjusting vertical included angles between every two adjacent segment rings 21 to enable the simulated tunnel 2 to present gradient distribution states required by tests, and sleeving the simulated shield shell 3 on the simulated tunnel 2.
Optionally, in step S1, after the vertical angle between every two adjacent segment rings 21 is adjusted, the simulation shield shell 3 is sleeved on the simulation tunnel 2. The simulation shield shells 3 can also be sleeved on the simulation tunnel 2, and then the vertical included angles between every two adjacent segment rings 21 can be adjusted.
In the embodiment of the invention, the adjustment of the vertical angle between two adjacent segment rings 21 can be realized by manual operation or automatic adjustment by controlling the motor 5 to work. In some embodiments, the hinge structure includes a hinge base 211 fixed inside one end of one of the two adjacent segment rings 21, a radial pivot shaft 213 pivotally mounted on the hinge base 211, and a swing arm 212 fixed inside the other end of the two adjacent segment rings 21, wherein the swing arm 212 is fixedly connected with the pivot shaft 213, and when the pivot shaft 213 rotates relative to the hinge base 211, the vertical angle between the two adjacent segment rings 21 changes. In this embodiment, the angle adjusting mechanism preferably includes a motor 5 fixed on the hinge base 211, a driving gear 52 fixed on the motor shaft 51, and a driven gear 214 fixed on one end of the pivot shaft 213, where the driving gear 52 and the driven gear 214 are meshed. In this embodiment, the process of adjusting the vertical included angle between every two adjacent segment rings 21 includes sending a working instruction to the motor 5 through the control system according to the test condition and the requirement, so that the motor rotating shaft 51 drives the driving gear 52 to rotate by a predetermined angle, the driving gear 52 drives the driven gear 214 to drive the pivot shaft 213 to rotate, and the meshing of the driving gear 52 and the driven gear 214 drives the pivot shaft 213 to rotate relative to the hinged support 211, so as to drive the swing arm 212 to adjust the vertical included angle between two adjacent segment rings 21. It should be noted that when the motor 5 is not powered on or does not receive a working instruction, the motor 5 is in a self-locking state, and the motor rotating shaft 51 is locked and cannot passively rotate, so that the two adjacent segment rings 21 are locked in a required vertical angle state, and the test efficiency can be improved by automatically adjusting the vertical included angle between the two adjacent segment rings 21 by the motor 5, but the cost is relatively high. Specifically, the hinge base 211 is located at a radial center position of the segment ring 21, and is fixedly connected to the segment ring 21 through a plurality of first supporting members 215. The swing arm 212 is located at a radial center position of the segment ring 21 and is fixedly connected with the segment ring 21 through a plurality of second supporting pieces 216.
Further, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the invention further includes an angle measuring instrument 6, the angle measuring instrument 6 is electrically connected with a control system (not shown) of the motor 5, a slot hole (not shown) is formed in the middle of the end face of the pivot shaft 213, the angle measuring instrument 6 includes an induction magnet 62 embedded in the slot hole and an angle sensor 61 mounted on the hinge support 211, an induction end 611 of the angle sensor 61 is opposite to the induction magnet 62 and can form magnetic induction, when the induction magnet 62 rotates along with the pivot shaft 213, the angle sensor 61 detects the rotation angle of the induction magnet 62 through the induction end 611 to obtain a change value of the vertical angle between two adjacent segment rings 21, and the control system controls the motor 5 to work or not according to an angle signal fed back by the angle sensor 61, thereby accurately and rapidly adjusting the vertical angle between the two adjacent segment rings 21 and further improving the test efficiency. It can be understood that the angle sensor 61 is a magnetic encoder, the sensing magnet 62 is of a circular structure, the opposite sides of the sensing portion of the sensing magnet 62 and the sensing portion of the angle sensor 61 are provided with an N pole and an S pole, the N pole and the S pole respectively occupy half, the angle sensor 61 is in the prior art, and detailed description of specific and working principles is omitted here.
In the above embodiment, the step S1 of adjusting the vertical angle between every two adjacent segment rings 21 includes the following steps:
s11, setting preset vertical angle values between every two adjacent segment rings 21 in a control system according to test requirements. As to how to arrange, a person skilled in the art can know how to arrange according to the description of the present invention and the technical problem to be solved, and the detailed description is omitted herein.
S12, sending a working instruction to the motor 5 through a control system, so that the motor rotating shaft 51 rotates and the pivot shaft 213 is driven to rotate through the meshing of the driving gear 52 and the driven gear 214, and the hinge support 211 and the swing arm 212 of two adjacent segment rings 21 are driven to swing relatively;
s13, when the angle measuring instrument 6 detects that the rotation angle of the pivot shaft 213 reaches a predetermined value, the control system controls the motor 5 to stop rotating. Thereby completing the adjustment of the vertical included angle between every two adjacent segment rings 21.
It can be understood that in the embodiment of the present invention, the vertical included angle between every two adjacent segment rings 21 depends on the test requirement, and when the vertical included angle between every two adjacent segment rings 21 is 180 degrees, the relative gradient of the two segments is 0; when the vertical included angle of two adjacent segment rings 21 is 179 degrees, the relative gradient of the two segment rings is 1 degree; when all the segments are horizontally arranged, the gradient of the whole simulated tunnel 2 is zero (i.e. the whole simulated tunnel 2 has no gradient); when the included angles of all segment rings 21 are 180 degrees and are set in an overall inclined mode, the whole simulated tunnel 2 has the same gradient. That is to say, the simulated tunnel 2 can be adjusted to be wholly free of gradient, wholly have the same gradient or be adjusted to have a plurality of different gradients in one simulated tunnel 2 according to the requirement, and the method can be suitable for test requirements under different working conditions.
S2, burying the simulation shield shell 3 and the simulation tunnel 2 in a test soil body, and setting a monitoring system, wherein one end of the simulation tunnel 2 is connected in the test space 1a, and the other end of the simulation tunnel 2 and one end of the simulation shield shell 3 extend out of the test space 1a through the hole 10.
It can be understood that the monitoring system is mainly used for collecting data before and after deformation of the test soil body so as to analyze the deformation condition of the test soil body, and further can more comprehensively and accurately assist in determining various construction parameters in actual engineering. The monitoring system is in the prior art and generally comprises a data acquisition device (not shown) and at least one of monitoring instruments such as a miniature soil pressure box, a resistance strain gauge, a miniature inclinometer, a dial indicator and the like which are in communication connection with the data acquisition device. The specific structure, arrangement and working principle of the data acquisition device and the detection apparatus are well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail herein.
In the embodiment of the invention, the process of burying the simulated shield shell 3 and the simulated tunnel 2 in the test soil body and compacting the same is preferably to add and compact the test soil body with a preset thickness in advance, and then the simulated shield shell 3 and the simulated tunnel 2 are placed on the test soil body with the preset thickness; and then continuing to add the test soil in layers and compacting until the simulation shield shell 3 and the simulation tunnel 2 are completely buried. The preparation of the test soil body belongs to the prior art and is not described in detail here.
S3, driving the simulated shield shell 3 to move outwards along the simulated tunnel 2 at a set reasonable speed through a traction system outside the test space 1a so as to simulate tunneling and excavation of the shield machine, and enabling a test soil body to form a shield tail gap behind the movement direction of the simulated shield shell 3.
It will be appreciated that during the test, the simulated shield 3 is pulled by an external traction system, and the traction system is connected to the end of the simulated shield 3 outside the test space 1a, so as to drive the simulated shield 3 to move relative to the simulated tunnel 2. The traction system is arranged outside the model box 1 and comprises a driving mechanism, a connecting frame and the like, one end of the connecting frame is detachably connected with the simulation shield shell 3, the connecting frame is particularly detachably connected with the clamping band, the other end of the connecting frame is connected with the driving mechanism, the driving mechanism can drive the simulation shield shell 3 to move along the simulation tunnel 2 according to a set instruction at a set speed so as to simulate tunneling and excavation of the shield machine, and the driving mechanism can be an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric cylinder and the like.
Further, the traction system drives the simulated shield shell 3 to move outwards along the simulated tunnel 2 at a set reasonable speed in the step S3, and the process of grouting the shield tail gap through the grouting pipe 4 is further included.
Specifically, one end of the grouting pipe 4 is located outside the test space 1a, the other end of the grouting pipe extends to the rear end of the simulation shield shell 3 along the simulation shield shell 3 (the traction direction of the traction system is used as the front, and the reverse is used as the rear), and the grouting pipe can synchronously move along with the simulation shield shell 3, one end of the grouting pipe 4 located outside the test space 1a is communicated with the grouting system, and when the simulation shield shell 3 moves along the simulation tunnel 2, the grouting system injects slurry into a shield tail gap through the grouting pipe 4 so as to simulate wall rear grouting in actual shield construction, play a role of filling the shield tail gap, and can improve phenomena such as soil subsidence, earth surface subsidence and the like, so that the test precision can be improved. Specifically, the slurry may be slurry material adopted in actual shield tail grouting, and the main material is cement and one or more of fly ash, bentonite, sand, water reducer and the like, and the slurry is proportioned according to a similar ratio relationship, and specific proportioning is not repeated here.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the inner periphery of the simulation shield shell 3 is fixedly provided with a soft (e.g. adhered by water or passed through) inner adhesive layer 31, the grouting pipe 4 is clamped between the inner adhesive layer 31 and the simulation shield shell 3, and the inner adhesive layer 31 elastically abuts against the simulation tunnel 2, so as to ensure that the simulation shield shell 3 and the grouting pipe 4 can more smoothly advance along the simulation tunnel 2.
It will be appreciated that grouting systems are well known in the art and known to those skilled in the art, and include, for example, a slurry tank, a grouting pump, a flow meter, a pressure gauge, etc., and specific connection and operation principles will not be described again.
Further, the mating surface of the simulated shield shell 3 and the tube of the simulated tunnel 2 or the mating surface of the inner adhesive layer 31 and the simulated tunnel 2 is coated with a layer of grease (not shown) to lubricate the mating surface and seal the mating surface, thereby preventing the slurry from flowing backwards.
S4, collecting data before and after deformation of the test soil body through the monitoring system so as to analyze the deformation condition of the test soil body. And further, various construction parameters in actual engineering can be comprehensively and accurately determined in an auxiliary manner.
It should be noted that, the collection of the data before and after the deformation of the test soil body and the analysis of the deformation condition of the test soil body may adopt the prior art, and will not be described herein.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by the description of the present invention and the accompanying drawings or direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. Variable slope shield tunnel tunnelling analogue test device, its characterized in that includes:
the model box is internally limited with a test space for containing test soil, and a side wall of the model box is arranged to be wholly or partially movable up and down relative to the test space and is provided with a through hole;
the simulation tunnel comprises a plurality of segment rings which are arranged at intervals front and back, and an elastic sealing ring which is connected with two adjacent segment rings and seals the intervals;
the angle adjusting mechanism is arranged in the simulated tunnel and is used for adjusting the vertical included angle between two adjacent segment rings;
the simulated shield shell is made of elastic materials, is sleeved on the simulated tunnel, and one end of the simulated shield shell extends out of the test space through the hole and can move along the simulated tunnel; and
and the monitoring system is used for collecting data before and after deformation of the test soil body.
2. The variable slope shield tunneling simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein: the device comprises a simulation shield shell, and is characterized by further comprising a grouting pipe, wherein one end of the grouting pipe is positioned outside the test space, the other end of the grouting pipe extends to the rear end of the simulation shield shell along the simulation shield shell and can synchronously move along with the simulation shield shell, and one end of the grouting pipe positioned outside the test space is communicated with an external grouting system.
3. The variable slope shield tunneling simulation test device according to claim 2, wherein: the inner periphery of the simulation shield shell 3 is fixedly provided with a soft inner adhesive layer, the grouting pipe is clamped between the inner adhesive layer and the simulation shield shell, and the inner adhesive layer is elastically propped against the simulation tunnel.
4. The variable slope shield tunneling simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein: one end of one of the two adjacent segment rings is fixedly provided with a hinged support, the hinged support is pivotally provided with a radial pivot shaft, the other end of the other one of the two adjacent segment rings is fixedly provided with a swing arm, and the swing arm is fixedly connected with the pivot shaft.
5. The variable slope shield tunneling simulation test device according to claim 4, wherein: the angle adjusting mechanism comprises a motor fixedly arranged on the hinged support, a driving gear arranged on a rotating shaft of the motor and a driven gear fixedly arranged at one end of the pivoting shaft, and the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear.
6. The variable slope shield tunneling simulation test device according to claim 5, wherein: the angle measuring instrument is electrically connected with a control system of the motor, a slotted hole is formed in the middle of the end face of the pivot shaft, the angle measuring instrument comprises an induction magnet embedded in the slotted hole and an angle sensor arranged on the hinged support, and the induction end of the angle sensor is opposite to the induction magnet and can form magnetic induction.
7. The variable slope shield tunneling simulation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the test box body is a square container with an open top, and comprises a main body and a movable side plate, wherein the main body is surrounded by three fixed side plates and a bottom plate, one side of the main body is open, the movable side plate can be vertically and movably installed on one side of the main body which is open, the movable side plate is in sealing fit with the joint of the main body, and a locking device is used for locking the movable side plate at a required height.
8. A test method using the variable gradient shield tunneling simulation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, adjusting vertical included angles between every two adjacent segment rings according to test working conditions and requirements, and sleeving a simulation shield shell on a simulation tunnel;
s2, burying a simulation shield shell and a simulation tunnel in a test soil body, and arranging a monitoring system, wherein one end of the simulation tunnel is connected in the test space, and the other end of the simulation tunnel and one end of the simulation shield shell extend out of the test space through holes;
s3, driving the simulation shield shell to move outwards along the simulation tunnel at a set reasonable speed through a traction system outside the test space;
s4, collecting data before and after deformation of the test soil body through the monitoring system so as to analyze the deformation condition of the test soil body.
9. The test method of claim 8 using the variable slope shield tunneling simulation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the step S1 of adjusting the vertical angle between every two adjacent segment rings includes the steps of:
s11, setting preset vertical angle values between every two adjacent segment rings in a control system according to test requirements;
s12, sending a working instruction to the motor through the control system, enabling the motor rotating shaft to rotate and driving the pivot shaft to rotate through meshing of the driving gear and the driven gear, so as to drive the hinged support and the swing arm of two adjacent segment rings to swing relatively;
and S13, when the angle measuring instrument detects that the rotation angle of the pivot shaft reaches a preset value, the control system controls the motor to stop rotating.
10. A test method according to claim 8 using the variable gradient shield tunneling simulation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: in the step S3, the simulated shield shell is driven to move outwards along the simulated tunnel at a set reasonable speed through the traction system, and the process of grouting the shield tail gap through the grouting pipe is further included.
CN202311281011.7A 2023-05-12 2023-09-28 Variable-gradient shield tunnel tunneling simulation test device and method Pending CN117347088A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2023105426527 2023-05-12
CN202310542652 2023-05-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN117347088A true CN117347088A (en) 2024-01-05

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202311281011.7A Pending CN117347088A (en) 2023-05-12 2023-09-28 Variable-gradient shield tunnel tunneling simulation test device and method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
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